CA1066207A - Fabric conditioning compositions - Google Patents
Fabric conditioning compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1066207A CA1066207A CA237,707A CA237707A CA1066207A CA 1066207 A CA1066207 A CA 1066207A CA 237707 A CA237707 A CA 237707A CA 1066207 A CA1066207 A CA 1066207A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sorbitan
- composition according
- mixtures
- builder
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 168
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 32
- -1 sorbitan ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium nitrilotriacetate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N [(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-octadecanoyloxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNTMJTROKXRBDM-UUWWDYFTSA-N [(2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1-hexadecanoyloxy-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl] hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DNTMJTROKXRBDM-UUWWDYFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NVANJYGRGNEULT-BDZGGURLSA-N [(3s,4r,5r)-4-hexadecanoyloxy-5-[(1r)-1-hexadecanoyloxy-2-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-3-yl] hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1OC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NVANJYGRGNEULT-BDZGGURLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PZQBWGFCGIRLBB-NJYHNNHUSA-N [(2r)-2-[(2s,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O PZQBWGFCGIRLBB-NJYHNNHUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940116224 behenate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940100515 sorbitan Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 27
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 7
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012297 crystallization seed Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mellitic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000031 sodium sesquicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000018341 sodium sesquicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFRLSTJPMFGBDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphosphonoethylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)CC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O SFRLSTJPMFGBDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJSWLXWONORKLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=C1S(O)(=O)=O VJSWLXWONORKLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFPOJWPDQWJEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,2-dicarboxyethoxy)butanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)OC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CFPOJWPDQWJEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVVZBNKWTVZSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(carboxymethoxy)propanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O LVVZBNKWTVZSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVYLTSKTCWWJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbonoperoxoylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GLVYLTSKTCWWJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABMULKFGWTYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O ABMULKFGWTYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJLPCAKKYOLGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonoethylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)CCP(O)(O)=O XYJLPCAKKYOLGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical class CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101000913968 Ipomoea purpurea Chalcone synthase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N Isosorbide Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000907988 Petunia hybrida Chalcone-flavanone isomerase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003568 Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFTMCARQCOKBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)c1c(C([O-])=O)c(C([O-])=O)c(C([O-])=O)c(C([O-])=O)c1C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)c1c(C([O-])=O)c(C([O-])=O)c(C([O-])=O)c(C([O-])=O)c1C([O-])=O IFTMCARQCOKBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013969 calcium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetylpyridinium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004830 cetylpyridinium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003181 co-melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)OP(O)=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNALZNMQKPAXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](C)(C)C QNALZNMQKPAXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001924 fatty-acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002598 fumaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052806 inorganic carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002479 isosorbide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium oxalate Chemical class [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010933 magnesium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001778 magnesium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940105132 myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004669 nonionic softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSXGXPNADZQTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;phenol Chemical compound C1CO1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 VSXGXPNADZQTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- IFIDXBCRSWOUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;1,5-dichloro-4,6-dioxo-1,3,5-triazin-2-olate Chemical compound [K+].ClN1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O IFIDXBCRSWOUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002311 subsequent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGMYMWYPSYIPQB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethoxy)butanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)OC(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O XGMYMWYPSYIPQB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/001—Softening compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/53—Polyethers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52018674A | 1974-11-01 | 1974-11-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1066207A true CA1066207A (en) | 1979-11-13 |
Family
ID=24071521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA237,707A Expired CA1066207A (en) | 1974-11-01 | 1975-10-15 | Fabric conditioning compositions |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5198703A (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE835191A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1066207A (en, 2012) |
| CH (1) | CH601549A5 (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE2548118A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2289606A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB1518355A (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1044303B (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL7512777A (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE409124B (en, 2012) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4446032A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-05-01 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Liquid or solid fabric softener composition comprising microencapsulated fragrance suspension and process for preparing same |
| US4464271A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-08-07 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Liquid or solid fabric softener composition comprising microencapsulated fragrance suspension and process for preparing same |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2631129A1 (de) * | 1975-07-14 | 1977-02-03 | Procter & Gamble | Verfahren zum konditionieren von geweben und mittel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| EP0123400A3 (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1987-09-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric conditioning agents, compositions and processes |
| EP0736594A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-10-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soaker compositions |
| EP0832965A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soaker compositions |
| GB9930433D0 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2000-02-16 | Unilever Plc | Use of fabric conditioning compositions for ironing benefits |
| WO2009112297A1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Unilever Plc | Laundry treatment compositions |
-
1975
- 1975-10-15 CA CA237,707A patent/CA1066207A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-28 DE DE19752548118 patent/DE2548118A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-10-30 SE SE7512161A patent/SE409124B/xx unknown
- 1975-10-31 FR FR7533321A patent/FR2289606A1/fr active Granted
- 1975-10-31 IT IT28893/75A patent/IT1044303B/it active
- 1975-10-31 GB GB45317/75A patent/GB1518355A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-31 NL NL7512777A patent/NL7512777A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-10-31 CH CH1413875A patent/CH601549A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-01 JP JP50132052A patent/JPS5198703A/ja active Pending
- 1975-11-03 BE BE161531A patent/BE835191A/xx unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4446032A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-05-01 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Liquid or solid fabric softener composition comprising microencapsulated fragrance suspension and process for preparing same |
| US4464271A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-08-07 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Liquid or solid fabric softener composition comprising microencapsulated fragrance suspension and process for preparing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7512777A (nl) | 1976-05-04 |
| FR2289606B1 (en, 2012) | 1979-03-16 |
| GB1518355A (en) | 1978-07-19 |
| CH601549A5 (en, 2012) | 1978-07-14 |
| SE7512161L (sv) | 1976-05-03 |
| DE2548118A1 (de) | 1976-05-13 |
| BE835191A (fr) | 1976-05-03 |
| JPS5198703A (en, 2012) | 1976-08-31 |
| SE409124B (sv) | 1979-07-30 |
| IT1044303B (it) | 1980-03-20 |
| FR2289606A1 (fr) | 1976-05-28 |
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