CA1054307A - Biological dry-toilet - Google Patents
Biological dry-toiletInfo
- Publication number
- CA1054307A CA1054307A CA277,740A CA277740A CA1054307A CA 1054307 A CA1054307 A CA 1054307A CA 277740 A CA277740 A CA 277740A CA 1054307 A CA1054307 A CA 1054307A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- toilet
- dry
- flap
- tanks
- follower
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
- A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
- A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Biological dry-toilet The subject of the present invention is a biological dry-toilet, which comprises - a box-shaped frame, - a seat portion on top of the frame, - a lid pivotably mounted on the seat portion, - a composting space placed inside the frame, the opening of which space is at least partly placed underneath the seat portion, - a flap construction or equivalent placed at the bottom section of the seat portion, which flap construction is, in the position of readiness of the dry-toilet, arranged so that it at least partly closes the seat portion from underneath and which can be turned from the position of readiness to the emptying position, - separator means for at least partly passing the urine so as to separate it from the solid excrement, and - at least one evaporating basin or equivalent, into which said urine can flow.
Such a dry-toilet composts and disperses human urine, solid excrement, and food rests.
Biological dry-toilet The subject of the present invention is a biological dry-toilet, which comprises - a box-shaped frame, - a seat portion on top of the frame, - a lid pivotably mounted on the seat portion, - a composting space placed inside the frame, the opening of which space is at least partly placed underneath the seat portion, - a flap construction or equivalent placed at the bottom section of the seat portion, which flap construction is, in the position of readiness of the dry-toilet, arranged so that it at least partly closes the seat portion from underneath and which can be turned from the position of readiness to the emptying position, - separator means for at least partly passing the urine so as to separate it from the solid excrement, and - at least one evaporating basin or equivalent, into which said urine can flow.
Such a dry-toilet composts and disperses human urine, solid excrement, and food rests.
Description
- 1~543 19~
The biological dry-l;ollets in use usually have one composti.n,G ~' space into which both the urine and the solid excrement are passed. In order to accelerate the compostin,g, addltional materia]s are of'ten used, such as peat, soil, bark, etc. By means of these materials, attempts are made to make the waste to be composted sufficient]y aerated in order that the neces-sary supply of oxy,$en from the air should also be guaranteed inside the waste heap. ~ ' In certain solutions, the composting space is provided with .~;
i~ an agitator, which homo,genizes the waste and secures the supply '~' of oxygen to same.
The solutions in use involve several drawbacks, among which should be mentioned~
1. As a rule, the urine can moisten both the solid excrement ~' ' ~' -and, in certain solutions, the ready compost. This results in the following disadvantages, among other things~
- the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the waste bein,g composted is shaken because of excessive nitrogen in the urine, the supply Or oxygen to the waste is prevented, which ~0 often leads to anaerobic composting with resulting odour ! problems~
- evaporation of the water in the urine from the compost space is difficult, for which reason the equipment does '' ~' not permit high excess ioad with urine without disturbance ; '~
to the operation, and - ~'~
; ~ bacteria dangerous for health, possibly~present in the '~;~
urine~ also contaminate the ready compost, for which reason the compost should always be pasteurized. '`~
The biological dry-l;ollets in use usually have one composti.n,G ~' space into which both the urine and the solid excrement are passed. In order to accelerate the compostin,g, addltional materia]s are of'ten used, such as peat, soil, bark, etc. By means of these materials, attempts are made to make the waste to be composted sufficient]y aerated in order that the neces-sary supply of oxy,$en from the air should also be guaranteed inside the waste heap. ~ ' In certain solutions, the composting space is provided with .~;
i~ an agitator, which homo,genizes the waste and secures the supply '~' of oxygen to same.
The solutions in use involve several drawbacks, among which should be mentioned~
1. As a rule, the urine can moisten both the solid excrement ~' ' ~' -and, in certain solutions, the ready compost. This results in the following disadvantages, among other things~
- the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the waste bein,g composted is shaken because of excessive nitrogen in the urine, the supply Or oxygen to the waste is prevented, which ~0 often leads to anaerobic composting with resulting odour ! problems~
- evaporation of the water in the urine from the compost space is difficult, for which reason the equipment does '' ~' not permit high excess ioad with urine without disturbance ; '~
to the operation, and - ~'~
; ~ bacteria dangerous for health, possibly~present in the '~;~
urine~ also contaminate the ready compost, for which reason the compost should always be pasteurized. '`~
2 Extensively composted'waste and fresh waste tend to be
3 0 mixed togethe'r, for which reason separation of ready compost from the composting space is almost; impossible.
3. If the apparatus is not used for a long time, the result is ';~
drying~ and hardening of the waste and discontinuation of the composting process. Restart;ing Or the process requires lon~-term moistening andJor decomposition of the waste heap by force.
, , ~ ' , :" ' ',, . : .-, ' . ~ : , , ~43~7
3. If the apparatus is not used for a long time, the result is ';~
drying~ and hardening of the waste and discontinuation of the composting process. Restart;ing Or the process requires lon~-term moistening andJor decomposition of the waste heap by force.
, , ~ ' , :" ' ',, . : .-, ' . ~ : , , ~43~7
4. In the solutions in which heated air is circulated in the composting space, zones with overpressure are easily produced, whereby even little leakages cause odour problems.
The object of the present invention is to ellminate the above drawbacks and to provide a biological dry-toilet :
o a novel type and of higher efficiency.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention there is provided a biological dry-toilet comprising:
(a) a box-shaped frame;
(b) a seat portion located on top of said frame, said seat portion having a hole located therein for access to the interior of said frame;
(c) a lid pivotally mounted on said seat portion for closing off said hole;
(d) a composting space comprising at least two composting tanks, said tanks being rotatable about an axis, said axis having an orientation deviating from the vertical, said tanks each having an opening so that in .
use, one of said tanks has its opening located at least partly beneath said hole:
(e) a separator means comprising a flap and a follower, said flap being located below said seat portion, `~ ~ :
- wherein said follower is operatively associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a first position for use of said toilet wherein said flap at least partly covers said . ~ ;
hole, and wherein said follower is also operatively -~:
associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a ; ~ -second position, said follower pushing solid excrement along said Elap into one of said at least two composting ~`~
tanks during movement of said flap from said first to said second position, said flap, when in said first position - `
allowing passage therethrough of urine to thereby separate ~ 3 ~
3L059~3~7 at least part of said urine from said solid excrement; and (~) at least one evaporating basin for holding said separated ur;ne.
By means of the invention, among other things, the ~ollowing advantages are achieved:
1. Since only a certain little part of the urine is passed into the composting tanks, it is possible to come closer to the optimum carbon/nitrogen ratio (about 35 to 1) of a composting process. The ratio can be improved further, e.g., by throwing the food ~`-rests into said tanks.
2. The toilet involves no risk of overloading by urine, because the evaporating basins can be made large enough and the evaporation can be further intensified by additional heating.
3. Since the composting tanks are filled and emptied in a;
certain order, fresh excrement and urine cannot be ~ `~
mixed with contents of tanks with more advanced stages of composting process or contaminate them.
4. The apparatus involves nc order problems or sealing problems, because it is subject to constant underpressure. ~
The object of the present invention is to ellminate the above drawbacks and to provide a biological dry-toilet :
o a novel type and of higher efficiency.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention there is provided a biological dry-toilet comprising:
(a) a box-shaped frame;
(b) a seat portion located on top of said frame, said seat portion having a hole located therein for access to the interior of said frame;
(c) a lid pivotally mounted on said seat portion for closing off said hole;
(d) a composting space comprising at least two composting tanks, said tanks being rotatable about an axis, said axis having an orientation deviating from the vertical, said tanks each having an opening so that in .
use, one of said tanks has its opening located at least partly beneath said hole:
(e) a separator means comprising a flap and a follower, said flap being located below said seat portion, `~ ~ :
- wherein said follower is operatively associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a first position for use of said toilet wherein said flap at least partly covers said . ~ ;
hole, and wherein said follower is also operatively -~:
associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a ; ~ -second position, said follower pushing solid excrement along said Elap into one of said at least two composting ~`~
tanks during movement of said flap from said first to said second position, said flap, when in said first position - `
allowing passage therethrough of urine to thereby separate ~ 3 ~
3L059~3~7 at least part of said urine from said solid excrement; and (~) at least one evaporating basin for holding said separated ur;ne.
By means of the invention, among other things, the ~ollowing advantages are achieved:
1. Since only a certain little part of the urine is passed into the composting tanks, it is possible to come closer to the optimum carbon/nitrogen ratio (about 35 to 1) of a composting process. The ratio can be improved further, e.g., by throwing the food ~`-rests into said tanks.
2. The toilet involves no risk of overloading by urine, because the evaporating basins can be made large enough and the evaporation can be further intensified by additional heating.
3. Since the composting tanks are filled and emptied in a;
certain order, fresh excrement and urine cannot be ~ `~
mixed with contents of tanks with more advanced stages of composting process or contaminate them.
4. The apparatus involves nc order problems or sealing problems, because it is subject to constant underpressure. ~
5. If the compost or the waste has, owing to long time of `~ -off-use of the toilet, become dry and hard, restarting ~-of the process is easy by adding water into the composting tanks and either manually or automatically rotating the drum. Another alternative is to carry ~ -~
the tanks with clean outside surfaces to the dumping ground and to empty the hardened material by overturning.
The invention will be examined more closely below with the aid of the exemplifying embodiment in accordance with the attached drawing~
'"~.'' ".' :. . . ~ ..... - , : ~- . . .-. , .. - -, - :
:....... . , . . . ., - : , ~ ~.. c)5~307 : `
Fig. 1 schematica]ly shows a dry-toilet in accordance with the inven~ion as a side view in section.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the dry~toilet of Fig. 1 as a front view in section.
The apparatus in accordance with the drawing co~prises a frame 1, to which the seat portion 2 and lid 3 are mounted. Moreover, the frame permanently incorporates an opening 4 for the removal of the compost tanks, an exhaust flue 5, composting tanks 12, whose number is 4 in the present example (I, II, III, and IV), as well as evaporating basins 7. -When the toilet is in OperatiQn~ the urine and excre-ment fall through the seat portion 2 onto a flap or dis-tributor plate 8. Depending on the position of inclination of the distributor plate 8, a certain part of the urine remains on the distributor plate and the rest flows over the threshold 15 along the channel 16 into the evaporating basins 7. The solid exrement remains on the distributor ; ;
plate 8 until the user of the toilet closes the lid 3. The movement of the hinge shaft 17 of the lid 3 is, by means of a mechanism in itself known, connected to the hinge shaft 18 of a slide or follower 9. The follower 9 is hinged by means of two hinge pins 18, (i.e. on both sides of the flap 8). The follower 9 comprises two arms at the upper ends of which are fastened a planar dragging plate. The plate ~-rides on the upper surface of the flap 8 between the positions a and b. The movement from a to b is the solid excrement pushing movement and the movement from b to a is a return movement. Closing of the lid 3 causes movement of the follower 9 from position a into position b, whereby the distributor plate 8 turns from the almost horizontal operating position to a slanting emptying position. During ~ -~
t this pivoting movement the follower 9 pushes the solid ;
_ 4 ~
'' l; . : ~, 10S43~17 excrement arld ~he certain quantity of urine on the distributor plate into the composting tank 12 which is in line so as to be filled (in this case tan}c no. I). When the lid 3 is again l:iftecl~ the follower 9 returns to posltion a and the distributor p:Late 8 is returned by the spring 19 to the almost horizontal posit:ion Or operation so as to constitute a shield against ;`
viewing.
An electrical blower 6 sucks air into the dry-toilet through - an opening 10 and removes ai.r ~rom inside the toilet along the iO exhaust flue 5. The air has to flow across the evaporating ~
basins 7 thereby intensifying the evaporation of water, which ~ ~;
can also be intensified by heating the basins 7 by means of ~ ~
an electrical heating device 14. ~` -The composting tanks 12 are~ in some way in itself known, fastened around a shaft 11, from which they can also be detached ` ~;
individually so as to be removed throiigh the opening 4. The `~
drum-shaped unit consisting of the composting tanks 12 can be rotated around the shaft 11 either by means of an electrical motor 20 and transmission 22 or manually by turning the handle 20 21. The angle of deviation of the shaft 11 from the vertical is preferably about 40 to 50. This rotating takes place in order to homogenize the waste and the compost as well as in order to secure the supply of oxygen. The manual rotation can be made forcibly controlled so that the lid cannot~be opened again until the drum has been rotated one or more full rounds. ~` -Rotation by means of an electrical motor can be performed with ~ -~
the aid of' a program, e.g., by means of clock control.
. - ,; ~:
The pasteurization o~ ready compost can be pèrformed outside the toilet irl a space 13, into which the ready compost together `;
30 with the tank can be placed ror the time of pasteurization. `
This space 13 is pref'erably a pasteurization tank connected to ` a protected-voltage electrical supply.
Within the scope of the invention, e.g., the following alter~
natiVe solutions are applicable~
The composting tanks can be furnished with lids provided with openings. Then, the axis of' the drum consisting o~ the tanks can be positioned horizontally.
: . :
:;
10~i43~)7 The composl;ln~ tanks can be arranged, besides as rotating around their common shart ll, also as each of them rotating around its own axis parallel to the shaft ll.
Both the urine and khe solld excrement can be passed exclusively into the composting tanks. This is possible when, in orde~r to obtain the correct carbon/nitrogen ratio, cons:iderable quankities of carbon-containing materials, such as food rests, wood material etc., are added to the tanks.
Since compost has a favourable effect on the starting of the composting proGess of fresh waste, in connection with the emptying of the composting tank it i5 possible to let some - -compost remain in the tank.
Since, during composting, the quantity of wasts is reduced to one tenth of its original weight, a tank containing ready compost may be allowed to remain unemptied when it is in position IV in Fig. 2, i.e. supposed to be empkied next, and be shifted again straight to the filling position I.
The distributor plate may also be stationary. Then, a follower connected to the movements o~ the lid moves the excrement and ~ -20 the portion of urine accompanying the excrement into the composting tank. - ~- -~ ,; - :
The operation of the distributor plate and of the follower may also be manually controlled and independent from the position -~
of the lid.
The operation of the distributor and of the follower can be automated, as can the rotation of the drum~
.-: : ....
The dry-toilet can also, e O g. under winter Gonditions and ;
especially under little loading, operate without a blower if a sufficiently long flue is used (chimney effectj.
30 The dry-toilet can also be used for composking, e.g.~ plant and ~ ~
food rests alons. In such a case, if necessary, nitrogen can ~;
be added to the composting process in an appropriate form.
;~
the tanks with clean outside surfaces to the dumping ground and to empty the hardened material by overturning.
The invention will be examined more closely below with the aid of the exemplifying embodiment in accordance with the attached drawing~
'"~.'' ".' :. . . ~ ..... - , : ~- . . .-. , .. - -, - :
:....... . , . . . ., - : , ~ ~.. c)5~307 : `
Fig. 1 schematica]ly shows a dry-toilet in accordance with the inven~ion as a side view in section.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the dry~toilet of Fig. 1 as a front view in section.
The apparatus in accordance with the drawing co~prises a frame 1, to which the seat portion 2 and lid 3 are mounted. Moreover, the frame permanently incorporates an opening 4 for the removal of the compost tanks, an exhaust flue 5, composting tanks 12, whose number is 4 in the present example (I, II, III, and IV), as well as evaporating basins 7. -When the toilet is in OperatiQn~ the urine and excre-ment fall through the seat portion 2 onto a flap or dis-tributor plate 8. Depending on the position of inclination of the distributor plate 8, a certain part of the urine remains on the distributor plate and the rest flows over the threshold 15 along the channel 16 into the evaporating basins 7. The solid exrement remains on the distributor ; ;
plate 8 until the user of the toilet closes the lid 3. The movement of the hinge shaft 17 of the lid 3 is, by means of a mechanism in itself known, connected to the hinge shaft 18 of a slide or follower 9. The follower 9 is hinged by means of two hinge pins 18, (i.e. on both sides of the flap 8). The follower 9 comprises two arms at the upper ends of which are fastened a planar dragging plate. The plate ~-rides on the upper surface of the flap 8 between the positions a and b. The movement from a to b is the solid excrement pushing movement and the movement from b to a is a return movement. Closing of the lid 3 causes movement of the follower 9 from position a into position b, whereby the distributor plate 8 turns from the almost horizontal operating position to a slanting emptying position. During ~ -~
t this pivoting movement the follower 9 pushes the solid ;
_ 4 ~
'' l; . : ~, 10S43~17 excrement arld ~he certain quantity of urine on the distributor plate into the composting tank 12 which is in line so as to be filled (in this case tan}c no. I). When the lid 3 is again l:iftecl~ the follower 9 returns to posltion a and the distributor p:Late 8 is returned by the spring 19 to the almost horizontal posit:ion Or operation so as to constitute a shield against ;`
viewing.
An electrical blower 6 sucks air into the dry-toilet through - an opening 10 and removes ai.r ~rom inside the toilet along the iO exhaust flue 5. The air has to flow across the evaporating ~
basins 7 thereby intensifying the evaporation of water, which ~ ~;
can also be intensified by heating the basins 7 by means of ~ ~
an electrical heating device 14. ~` -The composting tanks 12 are~ in some way in itself known, fastened around a shaft 11, from which they can also be detached ` ~;
individually so as to be removed throiigh the opening 4. The `~
drum-shaped unit consisting of the composting tanks 12 can be rotated around the shaft 11 either by means of an electrical motor 20 and transmission 22 or manually by turning the handle 20 21. The angle of deviation of the shaft 11 from the vertical is preferably about 40 to 50. This rotating takes place in order to homogenize the waste and the compost as well as in order to secure the supply of oxygen. The manual rotation can be made forcibly controlled so that the lid cannot~be opened again until the drum has been rotated one or more full rounds. ~` -Rotation by means of an electrical motor can be performed with ~ -~
the aid of' a program, e.g., by means of clock control.
. - ,; ~:
The pasteurization o~ ready compost can be pèrformed outside the toilet irl a space 13, into which the ready compost together `;
30 with the tank can be placed ror the time of pasteurization. `
This space 13 is pref'erably a pasteurization tank connected to ` a protected-voltage electrical supply.
Within the scope of the invention, e.g., the following alter~
natiVe solutions are applicable~
The composting tanks can be furnished with lids provided with openings. Then, the axis of' the drum consisting o~ the tanks can be positioned horizontally.
: . :
:;
10~i43~)7 The composl;ln~ tanks can be arranged, besides as rotating around their common shart ll, also as each of them rotating around its own axis parallel to the shaft ll.
Both the urine and khe solld excrement can be passed exclusively into the composting tanks. This is possible when, in orde~r to obtain the correct carbon/nitrogen ratio, cons:iderable quankities of carbon-containing materials, such as food rests, wood material etc., are added to the tanks.
Since compost has a favourable effect on the starting of the composting proGess of fresh waste, in connection with the emptying of the composting tank it i5 possible to let some - -compost remain in the tank.
Since, during composting, the quantity of wasts is reduced to one tenth of its original weight, a tank containing ready compost may be allowed to remain unemptied when it is in position IV in Fig. 2, i.e. supposed to be empkied next, and be shifted again straight to the filling position I.
The distributor plate may also be stationary. Then, a follower connected to the movements o~ the lid moves the excrement and ~ -20 the portion of urine accompanying the excrement into the composting tank. - ~- -~ ,; - :
The operation of the distributor plate and of the follower may also be manually controlled and independent from the position -~
of the lid.
The operation of the distributor and of the follower can be automated, as can the rotation of the drum~
.-: : ....
The dry-toilet can also, e O g. under winter Gonditions and ;
especially under little loading, operate without a blower if a sufficiently long flue is used (chimney effectj.
30 The dry-toilet can also be used for composking, e.g.~ plant and ~ ~
food rests alons. In such a case, if necessary, nitrogen can ~;
be added to the composting process in an appropriate form.
;~
Claims (10)
1. A biological dry-toilet comprising:
(a) a box-shaped frame;
(b) a seat portion located on top of said frame, said seat portion having a hole located therein for access to the interior of said frame;
(c) a lid pivotally mounted on said seat portion for closing off said hole;
(d) a composting space comprising at least two composting tanks, said tanks being rotatable about an axis, said axis having an orientation deviating from the vertical, said tanks each having an opening so that in use, one of said tanks has its opening located at least partly beneath said hole;
(e) a separator means comprising a flap and a follower, said flap being located below said seat portion, wherein said follower is operatively associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a first position for use of said toilet wherein said flap at least partly covers said hole, and wherein said follower is also operatively associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a second position, said follower pushing solid excrement along said flap into one of said at least two composting tanks during movement of said flap from said first to said second position, said flap, when in said first position allowing passage therethrough of urine to thereby separate at least part of said urine from said solid excrement; and (f) at least one evaporating basin for holding said separated urine.
(a) a box-shaped frame;
(b) a seat portion located on top of said frame, said seat portion having a hole located therein for access to the interior of said frame;
(c) a lid pivotally mounted on said seat portion for closing off said hole;
(d) a composting space comprising at least two composting tanks, said tanks being rotatable about an axis, said axis having an orientation deviating from the vertical, said tanks each having an opening so that in use, one of said tanks has its opening located at least partly beneath said hole;
(e) a separator means comprising a flap and a follower, said flap being located below said seat portion, wherein said follower is operatively associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a first position for use of said toilet wherein said flap at least partly covers said hole, and wherein said follower is also operatively associated with said flap so that said flap assumes a second position, said follower pushing solid excrement along said flap into one of said at least two composting tanks during movement of said flap from said first to said second position, said flap, when in said first position allowing passage therethrough of urine to thereby separate at least part of said urine from said solid excrement; and (f) at least one evaporating basin for holding said separated urine.
2. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 1 wherein said flap is in the form of a distributor plate, and wherein, in said first position said plate is slanted away from said composting space and wherein, in said second position said plate is slanted towards said composting space.
3. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 2 wherein the slant of said distributor plate in said first position is adjustable.
4. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the distributor plate is provided with a threshold forming a dam.
5. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 2, wherein said follower moves along the upper surface of said distributor plate, said follower pivoting said distributor plate to said second position.
6. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 5 wherein said follower is operatively associated with said lid so that when said lid is in an open position said distributor plate is in said first position and when said lid is in a closed position said distributor plate is in said second position.
7. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 1 wherein the number of said evaporating basins ranges from one to four and wherein said basins are located in the bottom of said frame.
8. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of said at Least one evaporating basin is provided with an electrical heating device.
9. A dry-toilet as claimed in claim 1 wherein said tanks deviate from the vertical by from 40° to 50°.
10. A dry toilet as claimed in claim 1 wherein the composting tanks are rotatable manually or electrically.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI761273A FI52709C (en) | 1976-05-06 | 1976-05-06 | Biological dry toilet. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1054307A true CA1054307A (en) | 1979-05-15 |
Family
ID=8509977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,740A Expired CA1054307A (en) | 1976-05-06 | 1977-05-05 | Biological dry-toilet |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1054307A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH617842A5 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI52709C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO771592L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE417952B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4254515A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1981-03-10 | Torao Kiyama | Compost-type toilet equipment |
| FR2481693A1 (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1981-11-06 | Raita Tapio | Domestic waste conversion into compost - in revolving inclined perforated cylinder inside vented tank |
| US4894872A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-01-23 | Outdoor Sanitation Corp. | Waterless sanitation system with ventilation |
| FR2666732A1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-03-20 | Experim Document En Centre | ROTATING COMPOST TOILET OPERATING BY DRY. |
| US5293651A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1994-03-15 | Lasse Johansson | Toilet seat |
| US5303431A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1994-04-19 | Lasse Johansson | Composting toilet |
| US5564133A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1996-10-15 | Nikken Corporation | Raw sewage disposal apparatus |
| US11492792B2 (en) | 2020-02-03 | 2022-11-08 | Wish for WASH, LLC | Modular toilet systems and methods |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20109269U1 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2001-10-25 | Bosse Karl Heinz | Portable toilet |
| NO20031545D0 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2003-04-04 | Opsvik Peter As | Urinate toilet |
| RU2567104C1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-27 | Анатолий Михайлович Аввакумов | Toilet bowl with waste dividing valve |
| DE102014012311A1 (en) * | 2014-08-16 | 2016-02-18 | 3P Technik Filtersysteme Gmbh | Dry toilet facility |
| CL2015001478A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-14 | Hurtado Torres Cristobal | Toilet that allows the separation of solid and liquid waste, which includes a rate that has a retractable urinal that is activated by means of a mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic or remote mechanism. |
-
1976
- 1976-05-06 FI FI761273A patent/FI52709C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-05-04 SE SE7705205A patent/SE417952B/en unknown
- 1977-05-05 CA CA277,740A patent/CA1054307A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-05 NO NO771592A patent/NO771592L/en unknown
- 1977-05-05 CH CH563577A patent/CH617842A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4254515A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1981-03-10 | Torao Kiyama | Compost-type toilet equipment |
| FR2481693A1 (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1981-11-06 | Raita Tapio | Domestic waste conversion into compost - in revolving inclined perforated cylinder inside vented tank |
| US4894872A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-01-23 | Outdoor Sanitation Corp. | Waterless sanitation system with ventilation |
| US5293651A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1994-03-15 | Lasse Johansson | Toilet seat |
| US5303431A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1994-04-19 | Lasse Johansson | Composting toilet |
| US5289595A (en) * | 1990-09-16 | 1994-03-01 | Centre D'experimentation Et De Documentation Sur Les Energies Renouvelables | Dry-operated rotary composting toilet |
| FR2666732A1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-03-20 | Experim Document En Centre | ROTATING COMPOST TOILET OPERATING BY DRY. |
| WO1992004851A1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-04-02 | Centre D'experimentation Et De Documentation Sur Les Energies Renouvelables | Dry rotating compost toilet |
| US5564133A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1996-10-15 | Nikken Corporation | Raw sewage disposal apparatus |
| US11492792B2 (en) | 2020-02-03 | 2022-11-08 | Wish for WASH, LLC | Modular toilet systems and methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE417952B (en) | 1981-04-27 |
| CH617842A5 (en) | 1980-06-30 |
| FI52709B (en) | 1977-08-01 |
| NO771592L (en) | 1977-11-08 |
| FI52709C (en) | 1977-11-10 |
| SE7705205L (en) | 1977-11-07 |
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