CA1054120A - Method of producing cheeses - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

The invention is related to a winding process for producing cheeses from natural or synthetic, drawn or undrawn filaments, which comprises that the traversing frequency DH of the thread guide is controlled as a function of time or the radius r of the cheese or the rotational frequency of the cheese or an equivalent parameter in such a way that the absolute value of the change in n relative to the change in the radius r of the cheese (where n =
f (r, DH) being the ratio of the rotational frequency of the cheese to the traversing frequency of the filament guide member) is greater than the absolute value of the change in n as a function of the radius r of the cheese at a constant traversing frequency of the filament guide member and hence complies with the relation:

Description

1054~Z0 A method of producing cheeses This invention relates to a method of producing cheeses from natural or synthetic, drawn or undrawn filaments, in which the formation of mirr~ or constant pattern windings is reduced.
So-called random wound cheeses are known in which constant pattern or mirror windings occur at certain diameters, i.e. the mutual position of individual filaments changes from layers in which the filaments are neither parallel nor situated one above the other to layers in which the filaments are parallel to and situated above one another. This winding fault is also called constant pattern winding or ribbon winding.
In so-called precision wound cheeses, the filaments lie adjacent one another by virtue of the linear winding ratio and the ~-value and the filaments of every second layer are parallel to one another.
If the arrangement of individual filaments relative to one another is observed, a certain similarity is found between the mirror or constant pattern windings in random wound cheeses and precision-wound cheeses. Both in random winding and also in precision winding, the filaments of every second layer are parallel to one another in the most simple case. In the case of precision-wound cheeses, the intervals between the centres of two adjacent filaments are displaced relativ~ to one another by the ~ -value to Le A 17 087 - 1 -- -~uch an e~tent that, although they are parsllel to one another, they are not situated above one anothsr. In the case of constant pattern or rib~on windina, the filaments of every second layer are parallel to and above one another ln the ~ost ~i~ple ca~e. ~o~e~er, thl~ layer ~tructure, which i8 charaGteristic oi r~ndo~ wound cheeses, may be regarded a~ theoretically ~i~pliiied by comparl~on ~ith structures iou~d in practice because, in addltion to layers oi ~ilaments lylng parallel to and abo~e one another, there are also layers which lie parallel to and adJacent one another both on account of the continuous change in the dia~eter Or the chee~e during winding and on account o~ slipping or sliding Or the indl~idual layer~
o~ filarent~.
~ precision wound cheeee ~ay be regarded as homogeneous. A random wound cheese ~ay be regarded a~
inho~ogelleo~s when the zones with and without constant ,Pattern winding are conpared wlth one another. This inhomogenity 18 responsible ior the ract that, ln rando~ wound chQe~es, indi~idual 20nee oi the chee~e can be dlsplaced rb~ti~e to one ~nother, especially when certain propertles o~ the filament vary over th0 length of the iilament. ~his i8 generally the case in practice.
In order to avoid the advarse effects of constant pattern or ri~bon windings, sc~called jamr.ers are used in practice. Eor Le~A 17 087 - 2 -.
- . .

1~541;~0 es~ple, an interiering irequency i~ superi~po~ed upon the constant tra~er~ing ~requency. ~lthough ~aN~ers ~uch ae the~e impro~e the cohesion o~ the cheese, they do not av~id constant pattern wi~ngs. me constant pattern wmdings are merely distributed over a wider area.
Chee~es ~ith a disturbed rando~ winding have a su~iciently rir~ structure, even in the case Or s~ooth man-made rils~ents. Uniortunately, the oi~winding properties of cheeses ~uch as these are extre~ely unsatlsiactory at high overhead oi~winding speeda, ror esa~ple in escess Or 400 m/~inute. Thi~ i8 particularly the oase in processes where the flla~ent i8 sub~ected to ~ech~nical ~ad/or ther~al stres~ing, for exa~ple durlng cold drawin6, hot dra~ing, draw te~turing (simultaneous or consecuti~e) or iislng. Thus, corre~ponding drawlng te~ts, in ~hich the flla~ent is oirwound o~erhead at hlgh speeds irom a cheese ~ith a dlsturbed rando~ ~inding, show that the number of filament breakages is particularly high at oertain cheese di~ eter~ (Esa~ple 1, Figure 1).
In Figure 1, the nu~ber of rllaaent breakag~s (ordinate) is plotted against the particular packa6e dia eter or package radius (ab~cissa). Th~ Or~wiDdlng ~peed at the dr~ing ~tage ~8 2500 ~/~inut~. The ~o-sn ~u~erals denote the order Or the ~lrror windiDg.
~n object o~ the pre80nt in~ention i~ to ob~iats Le ~ 17 087 - 3 -~0541Z0 the disadvantages referred to above, i.e. to produce cheeses of which the offwinding properties are satisfactory, even at high offwinding speeds.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a winding process for producing cheeses for natural or synthetic, drawn or undrawn filaments which comprises that the traversing frequency DH of the thread guide is controlled as a function of time, or the radius r of the cheese, or the rotational frequency of the cheese or an equivalent parameter in such .-~
a way that the absolute value of the change in n relative to the change in :-the radius r (wherein n = f (r, DH) being the ratio between the rotational frequency of the cheese and the traversing frequency) is greater than the ~--absolute value of the change in n in dependence upon the radius r of the :~
cheese at a constant traversing frequency of the thread guide and hence complies with the relation ~ ) DH = const.~
Expression ~ leads to the following relation:

dr >
This expression means that the coefficient of increase of the traversing frequency of the thread guide is greater than zero. The coefficient of mcrease ,, lOS41ZO
d DH
dr may assume any values which are greater then zero and smaller than the maximum rate of increase of the traversing frequency of the particular wind-ing machine.
The process according to the invention also includes controllingthe winding process to produce cheeses in accordance with expression ~ .
Embodiments of the process according to the invention are carried out in accordance with the following functions, as will be explained further below:

n = ~ a~ r~ i ~= o ~ = DO

n = ~ b~ r ~ = O
In order to explain the parameters used to characterise the process, the background to the process according to the invention is discussed in more detail in the following with reference to the Figures.
In Figures 2 to 4, n, i.e. the ratio between the rotational frequency of the cheese and the traversing frequency DH, is recorded on the ordinate, whilst the " .
- : . . : .
.

1054~Z0 radius r oi the cheese is recorded on the ab~cissn.
In Figures 6 and 7, the traver~ing frequency D~
(number of traversing double strokes) is recorded on the ordinate and the radius r on the abscissa.

Further explanations of the Figures are given ln the following description.
AB can be seen irom Example l, the diameter of cheeses at which filement breakages occur with particularly high probability as a result of disturbances in the o~fwi~dlng process, may be calculated in accordance with the rollowing expres~ion:

v = ~ DH

2~fr k = l, 2, 3,....c.
m = k, k~l, kl2,...., nk,....
v linear windinK speed Or the chee~e in cm/minute.
r = radius o~ the cheese during winding ln cm.
DH = number of double strokes per minute ii m = n, then @ change~ to ~ :

v = n DH
2~-r r In the two-dimenslonal representation o~ n ag a function o~ v ior a certain wi~ding speed v and wlth the traversing frequency D~ a8 the repre~entation parameter, hyperbolae are obtained (Figure 2). The oirwlnding ~peed v was 800 m/min 1, At the cheese diameters ~t the points o~ intersection o~ the hyperbolae with a stralght line n s const., Le A 17 087 - 6 -.

which oorrespond to a low constant pattern (ribbon) winding order, oonstant pattern or mirror windings occur and lead with particNlarly high probability to oifwinding difficulties nnd hence to filament breakages.
At high oifwinding speeds oS the rilament ~rom the cheese, the ofrwinding dirficulties are particularly noticeable (Example 2).
In mathematical terms, the straight li~es n =
con~t., the hyperbolae n = r (r) and their points Or intersection are dimensionless (no spatial or planar character). ~owever, in the cas~ of cheeses produced at a con~tant traversing ~requency, lt is found that the mirror or oonstant pattern windings occur over a radius zone, although only a ~radius point" can be calculated according to ~ or ~ .
The discov~ry t~at mirr~ror constant pat~er~ wlndlr.gs do not occur at a point, but instead over a radius 20ne, may be illustrated by the fact that the straight lines n = const.
i~ Fig. 2 are replaced by bands (Flgure 3).
Ir the bands in Fig. 3 are imagined as being sur~aces derined by two straight parallel llnes, the rad~us zones in which mirrGr or constant patt~r~ windinss occur co~respond to the dirrerences between the abscissa value~ o~ the intersections oi~ the hyperbolae n = i (r) with the straight lines deiining the bands (ror example 4rl, ~r2, and ~r~ in Figure 3).
It must be asYu~ed that the probabllity of dirriculties in Le A 17 087 - 7 -o~t~lnding the rllaJent fro~ the che~o 1B depondent upon the size of the mirror or oonstant pattern winding zone, i.e. the greater (or ~-aller) the irror ~lnding ~one, tho gr-ater (or e~aller) the prob~billty o~ iila~ont broakage attrlbutable to oii~indlng dliilculti0s.
In the prooess accordlng to the ln~ention, a reduction in the mirror or constant pattern winding zones, such as those which occur in a.winding process ca~ried out at a const2nt traverslng irequensy, l~obtained by contxolllng the traver~lng irequen¢r ln a¢cord~nce ~lth s~pre~slo~ ~ or ~ .
Ir ~e consider ior e~ple point A (Flg. 43 iro Flgure 3, it cAn be eeen that, ~or a giYen b~od ~idth, the size of the mirror or constant pattern winding zone . r is determined by the val~e ot the ooeiiiclent Or increa~e o~ the iuoctlon n ~ ~ (r)~
Curve I (Fig. 4) applles to a ~indlng proce~
carrled out at a oonstant tra~eroing sp0ed D~. The Etralght lines by ~hich the band is derlned are lnterseetod ~t the points Pl and P2.
T.he mirror or constant pattern w~$~ing zone oorresponds to the diiierence be~een the ab3cls~a values Or tho lntor~ectlo~
P2 and Pl; ~rl = r2 ~ rl-In a windlng process correspo~ding to curve II, for example, the mirror or oo~stant pattern winding zone is det~mined by the diiierence botwesn the ab~oi~sa v~lu~s Or tha lnter~ectlo~
Le ~ 1? 087 - 8 -P4 and P3; ~rI I = r4 3 A co~pari80n ot the coeY~lcient~ oi inCree,8e oi curves I and II produces e~pre8~ion ~ .
I~ the winding proce8~ could be controlled alon~, a 8traight line parallsl to the ordinate, the ~lrror or constant pattern winding zone would be equal to zero, mi6 situation cannot be achie~ed in practiCe~ nor would there be any 8en8e in it, becau8e in that ca9e the winding proce89 would have to be carried out at a Constant rad~u8.
The coeri'icient Or inCrea~e oi curve II (Fig. 4) ha8 a negative sign:

( dr ) II C
.

The coe~iioient or increa8e Or curve III (Fig. 5) is po8iti~e:

If the ab801ute ~alue8 oi' the coe$ricients oit increa8e oi' curve8 II and III are the 9~u~e, as 3holm in Figure 4, both curves produce equally large mirror or constant pattern winding zones; in the case of curve III, the mirror or constant pattern winding zone is equal to the difference between the abscissa values:of the inter8eCtion9 P5 and ~6.
The working zone o~ the po~8ible windl proceesss (Fig. 5) is deteretned by, Le A 1? 087 - 9 - -. .

las~lzo a.) the straight line r = rO = initial radius oi the cheese, b.) the straight line r = rE = final radius of the cheese, c ) the curve n = r (r) ior DH = D~ in. D~ in r p lowest po~sible traverslng frequency at ~hich it i~ ~tlll possible to obtain a sati~iactory cheese structure.
d.) the ~urve n = i (r) ior D~ = D~ as- D~ a~ corre~pond~ to the ~aximu~ possible traverslng rrequency which i~ deter~lned, ior example, by the technical layout oi the wlnding ~achine, by the type of thread guide used or by the strength of the material to be wound.
Two possible control iunction~ are shown in the predeter~ined working zone, namely g (r) and q (r). Both iunCtionY pass through the point [r(n=4, D~=300), n=4] a~d are selected in such a way that the absolute ~alues Or the coeriicients oi increase iul~il condition ~ .
The ior~ oi the worki~g zone ~eans that the iunction n = q (r), which has a positive coeiilcient oi increase, covers a s~aller overall radius zone than the iu~ction g (r).
In pra¢tice, thereiore, preierence ~111 gener~lly be gl~en to a iu~ction with negati~e coerri¢ie~ts o~ increase dc. A control in accordance ~ith a function analogous to dr q (r) (with a po~itlve coeiiicient oi increase) ~ay, oi' course, also be applied ln practlce.
In the proces~ according to the in~entio~ i'or bhe Le ~ 1~ 087 - 10 -1054:1Z0 production of cheeses, condition ~ ~u8t be ~ulfilled.
Functions in accordance with whlch the proce~s ior producing cheeses according to the invention can be controlled may be described by the following e~pression:

~ =
n = ~ a~n~

~= O
One posslbility of applying the process according to the invention i9 to carry out the winding process ln accordance with the iollowing expressions:
(n-nO) = a(r-rO) (~) DH = ~' La (r-rO) I- nO] (~
2 ~ r The coeificient oi increase a ~rom ~ is determined by the starting and end points of the winding process:
a :: nE nO
rE ~ rO
Another possibility oi controlling the winding proceg9 i8 obtained from ~ and the complete dl~ierentlal of the runctlon n = r (r, DH):

DH - - - D~o ~b DHo(r2 - rO2) + v v = llnear winding ~peed Le A 17 087 - 11 --.
. . .

;

DHo = initial traversing rrequency rO = lnltial radius oi the chee~e D~ = traversing ~requency at the radiue r r = radius during the winding procese b - constant The co~sta~t b i~ determlned irom the starting polnt (rO, DHo) and the end point (rE, D ~ Or the windlng proces~:

~D~E D~o ) ~) b = ~ (r 2 r 2 ) Ii the available traverslng range i8 to be iully utilised, b i~ determined as ~ollows:

(D~U~ D~1D) ~) b a _ rO

A~ can also be.seen irom Figure 3, it ~ollows from e~pression l and the complete dlirsrential oi Le A 17 087 - 12 -105~ 0 the runction n = ~ (r, D~) that dr ~
when d 0 and that ~ C 0 when dn ~ o In practice, it i9 more iavourable to control the winding process in accordance with expression ~ than in accordance with expres~ion ~ becau~e a wider overall radiu~ zone i~ covered in the first ca~e. These racts are illu~trated in Figure~ 6 and 7.
In accordance with the explanatlons oi Flg. 3, the hyperbolae in Fig. 6 had to be drawn in the rorm o~
bands.
Ii, ~or e~ample, a cheese i~ produced with the thread guide traversing at a constant speed, the bands are inter~ected and a certain radiue zone (ror e~a~ple ~r, 4r2, ~r3), in which the mirxor or constant pattern windings oc , corresponds to the particular length of L~tersection.
Figure 7, which lllu~trates a zone Or intersectlo~, shows that a po~itive coef~ielent o~ increase d D~ ~ 0 o~ the dr traversing rrequency relative to the radius leads to a reduction in the mirror or constant pattern winding zone when compared with the conditions prevailing during constant traversing.
_e A 17 087 - 13 -- ~- ~ - .. :. ~

lOS~lZO

me mirror or constant pattern winding band is intersected by the straight line D~ = const. at the point~ Pl and P2. The mirror or oonstant pattern wlnding zone is defLned by the difference between the abscissa values Or the point~ Pl and P2; ar = r2 - rl.
Ir the windlng process 19 controlled, ror example~ along the ~traight line I, the hyperbola band i9 intersected at the points P3 and P4 and the mlrror windlng zone corresponds to the di~ference o~ r4 and r3;
Qr = r4 - r3.
The reduction in the mirror or oonstant pattern winding zone at I relative to D~ = oonst. can readily be seen.
The straight line II repre~ents the same mirror or constant pattern win~.ing zone as the straight line I. ~icwe~Jer, since the absolute value oi the coerricient of increase(d D~ Or ~dr J
the line II is greater than that o~ the line I, the overall radius zone oi a winding process is smaller than at I
and, hence, Or less interest ln practlce.
Controlling the winding proce~s in accordance with expres~ion ~ a~rords adYantages in cases where it is desired to produce cheeses with the largestpossible r~dll.
The ~ollowing further possibility oi controlllng the windlng process (E~ample 3) rollow9 ~rom the preceedlng considerations:
~e A 17 087 ^ 14 _ 1054~Z~

DH - DHo = c (r - rO) The constant c i8 determined rrom the starting point (rO, DHo) and the end point (rE, D~

c = IIE,, o rE rO

The large~t value ~or c i~ obtained in case6 where the pointq (rO, D~Imin) and (rE~ D~:max) are selected as the starting point and end point , respecti~rely (Figure 6 ):

Cmax = r _---- r~

Another po~ibility OI controlling the winding process ie obtained iroDI e2cpres~ion 2 and the complete dlirerential OI the runction DH = f (r, n):

D~{ = r [ ~ (r - rO ~ I rOD~O ] ~

The ¢on~t~t d i8 determined fro~ the starting point (rO~ D]lo) and end point (rE, D~

- rO D~Io) rE2 _ rO2 The largeYt value for d i8 obtained by selecting the pOints (rO~ D~in) and (rE~ DH~ c) a8 the ~tartlng point and end point, respectively:

d~ 2 [ 13 ~ o ~D1n ~ ~3 Le A 17 087 - 15 --: . . , : . . ~
, -`` ~

In the proces~ according to the invention, the production of cheeses may be controlled in accordance with any functions which fu~lfil condition 1 and which may be described by a polynomial:

~ = 00 DH = ~ b~ r ,~ = o In the process according to the invention, cheeses may be produced either at an increasing traversing rrequency or, providing a relatively smaller overall radius zohe is accepted, at a decreasing traversing rrequency.
The m~ximum positlve or even negative degree Or increa~e in the traversing rrequency is determlned by the teohnical layout oi the traversing machine and, hence, cannot be numerically expressed because several diiierent types o~ winding machines are available in practice.
In practice the maximum possible rate Or increase in the traversing frequency is rarely used because in that case the advantages o~ the proce~s would be limited to a small overall radius zone. Instead, the control runctlon in the process according to the invention should be ~elected in such a way that the advantages airorded by the process according to the invention are used as unirormly as po~sible, based on the rrequency Or disturbances during o~rwinding, over the entire radius Le A 17 087 - 16 -~"

~OS41'~0 zone oi the cheese. Determination oi the control ~unction ~hould be preceded by an analy~is of the iilament breakage irequency. In order to obtain an improvement in orrwindlng oi the filament irom the cheese, it will not always be necessary to utilise the entire ra~ge Or possible changes in the traversing ~requency. It is best to work only with a diiierence in the traver~ing irequency which is just above that traver~ing di~ierence which is required to obtain the desired improvement in unwinding oi the cheese.
Since ~everal winding m~chine~ are available on the market and since winding processes themselves diiier considerably from one another (ior ex~mple in regard to the type Or fila~ents to be wound, their brightening etc.), it will be necessary in practice to carry out orienting tests.
In cases where cheeses are p~duo~ with considerable diiierences in traver~lng irequency and wlth considerable diirerences between the iinal radius and initial radius in the process aocording to the invention, it nay be necessary, ~n order to obtain cheeses with a iiro homogeneous structure, to keep the winding tension between the thread guide and the package substantially constant as a iunction oi time. In the event oi considerable di~ierences in radius, it i8 advisable to apply an autom~tic ad~ustment Le ~ 17 087 - 17 -whereas, in the case oi relatively suall dirrerences in radius, it is sur~icient ior the winding tension between the traversing thread guide and the package to be readjusted by hand in stages.
An intertering iunction oi relatively low irequency and/or amplitude is preierably superimposed upon the traversing frequency of the thread guide which is controlled or regulated in accordance with the invention. The interiering runction may be kept constant throughout the duration oi the winding process or may vary with time, the radius Or the cheese or an equivalent parameter.

Le A 17 087 - 18 -1054~0 Poly~mide 6 (iinal denier dtes 44 i 9~ spun at 840 m/minute was wound into a chee~e with the thread guide traversing at 260 double traversing s~rokes per minute.
The iull cheeses welghed 6300 g. After standing tor a certain period, the chee6e~ were drawn, the rilaments being of~wound ~rom the cheese~ at 750 m/minute. Two drawn COp8 each weighing 3100 g were to be produced irom one cheese (630o g). The yield (first and second drawing take-oif together) oi iull drawn COp8 based on the number Or po~sible iull drawn COp8, amounted to 55%-Ii the number oi iilament breakages i9 plotted against the corresponding package diameter, it can clearlybe seen that ~n lncrease in the number oi iilament breakages occur~ at certain diameters of the cheeses (Figure 1~.
~ aking into account the increAse inthe diameter of the cheeses by about 3 % both during winding and during the standing period, comparison oi the iilament breakage di~eter~ observed with the mirror or constant pattern winding diameters calculated in accordance with formula (3) shows a distinct consistency.

Le A 17 087 - 19 -! ~ , .
' ~0541~

k' = order of the Diameter o~ the cheese~
~ k m mirror or constant Obser~ed Calculatedpattern winding.
21~2 21,6 2 10 22~8 22.8 3 14 3 23~5 23,7 2 9 2 24,4 24.4 3 13 3 26.5 26,5 2 8 29.0 28,9 3 11 3 30.4 30,4 2 7 2 31.8 31~9 3 10 3 35.4 35,4 2 6 Polyamide-6 (~inal denier dtes 44 ~ 10) spun at 800 m/minute was wound lnto chee~es with the ~ilament guide member traversing at a constant rate oi 320 double traversing strokes per minute.
The ~ull cheese weighed 8500 g. Arter standing ~or a certain period, the cheeses were drewn, the orfwindlng speed Or the rilament i'rom the cheesee amounting to 250 m/minute la) and 800 m/minute (b~. ~hree dra~n COp9 each weighing 2800 g were to be produced irom one cheese.
The yield (iirst, secoDd and third dr~wing take-ofi together) oir iull drawn COp8, based on the number of poesible rull drawn cop~, amounted to 95% in case (~ ) and to between 1.6 ~nd 72% in case (b), depending upon the hardnes~ oi the packageO
EXAM~LE 3 Polya~ide-6 (rinal denier dte~ 44 i 10) spun ~e A 17 087 - 20 -.- - - . : ~

lOS4120 at 800 m/minute ~a8 wound into chee~es with the thread guide traversing at a controlled rate.
The traversing of the thread guide was controlled a~ a iunction o~ time in accordance with the ~ollowing iormula:

D~ = E D~o ~ = t ~ rO~ G ~D~o ( Formula ~ is obtained ~ro 10a. D~ = a (r - rO) ~ DH~
DHE _ DHo b. a =
rE _ rO

c. r = ( t ~ rO ~ ) rO = initial radius oi the cheese iD ¢~
rE ~ iinal radius ot the cheese In cm DHo= trAversing frequency (min 1) nt the beginning of ~inding DHE= traversing rrequency (min 1) at the end o~ ~inding tE ~ duration of the winding process in ~inutes (hours) t = winding ti~e ln ~lnute~ (hours).
~here rO = 7.7 co, rE ~ 18.7 cm, D~o - 320 min 1, DHE = 506 ~in 1, tE = 660, the follo~ing DH value i8 obtained for ~ :
D~ - 16.91 (26.4 t ~ 59.29)1/2 ~ 189.79 ~ he ~ull cheese weighed 8500 g. ~fter st~ndin~
for a certain period, the cheeses were drawn, the ofiwinding Le A 17 087 - 21 -lOS4120 speed Or the filament rrom the cheese~ amounting to 800 m/minute.
Three drawn cops each weighing 2800 g were to be produced ~rom one cheese.
The yield ~irst, second and ~trd drawing take-of~
together) of full drawn cops, based on the number of possible full drawn COp8, amounted to 94%.

Le A 17087 - 22 -.

. : - ~ : . . .

Claims (5)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A winding process for producing cheeses from natural or synthetic drawn or undrawn filaments, which comprises that the traversing frequency DH
of the thread guide is controlled as a function of time, or the radius r of the cheese, or the rotational frequency of the cheese or an equivalent para-meter in such a way that the absolute value of the change in n relative to the change in the radius r of the cheese (where n = f (r, DH) being the ratio of the rotational frequency of the cheese to the traversing frequency of the filament guide member) is greater than the absolute value of the change in n as a function of the radius r of the cheese at a constant traversing frequency of the filament guide member and hence complieswith the relation:

2. A winding process for producing cheeses as claimed in claim 1, where-in the winding process is controlled in accordance with the relation:

the coefficient of increase being capable of assuming any values which are greater than zero and smaller than the maximum rate of increase in the traversing frequency of the particular winding machine.

3. A winding process for producing cheeses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the traversing frequencies are controlled in accordance with functions which fulfill the conditions of claims 1 and 2 and which are describ-ed by the expressions

4. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winding tension is controlled or regulated during the winding process.

5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein an interfering function of relatively low frequency and/or amplitude of the thread guide is super-imposed upon the controlled traversing frequency of the thread guide.