CA1045058A

CA1045058A - Hose structure

Info

Publication number: CA1045058A
Application number: CA253,553A
Authority: CA
Inventors: John A. Ross
Original assignee: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Current assignee: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority date: 1975-06-06
Filing date: 1976-05-28
Publication date: 1978-12-26
Also published as: FR2313622B1; GB1531732A; AU1431876A; FR2313622A1; ZA763066B; BR7603534A; DE2625900A1; SE7606391L; NZ181063A; JPS5836236B2; AR206753A1; IT1062791B; AU499096B2; JPS51150109A; NO761925L

Abstract

HOSE STRUCTURE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A hose that will withstand pressure and vacuum as well as resist kinking or collapsing in which the wall structure includes at least two radially spaced layers of monofilaments of textile material with a layer of elastomeric material separating the layers. Also at least one additional layer of a fabric of aramid fiber is included in the wall as additional reinforcement.
Hose of this construction is of relative lightweight and may be readily adapted to a floating hose construction.

Description

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This invention relates to hoses ~or suction and discharge purposes, as usecL ~or the transport o~ oil, water, petrol, sand and gravel slurries, dredger spoil and .
many other liquids and slurries.
These hoses must withstand pressure operations as well as vacuum operations and be resistant to kinking when bent but at the same time form a comparatively small bend radius.
Present constructions are usually from-2 inches -(5cm) to 30 inches (75cm) internal diameter and are based on a rubber lining or tube, a rubber cover and, between the ;~
tube and cover, some form of reinforcement. Such hoses can withstand either pressure or vacuum. The rein~orcement !~ ' against pressure is generally a cotton or synthetic yarn, ;
which may be either woven or in cord form. Alternatively wire cords can be used for this purpose. The reinforcement against vacuum is ~ually a helix (or helices) or very heavy wire which while resisting vacuum, external pressure, still allows the hose to ~lex. Thus, conventionally, such hoses are composed of rubber, metal and textile material, and while resistant to pressure and vacuum do not resist crush- ;
ing.
In one particular application, the hoses are provided with flotation material to enable the hose to float on water even when ~ull o~ oil or dredging spoil.
Thus, the high density of a hose containing a helical ~,; - 1 -, .. ',, .. ', . . : : . .:

~L~3454~158 wire reinforcement wire is a problem in that it requires a large amount of flotation material.
Hoses rein~orced only with polyester high-denier monofilament material, in particular "Macrofil" produced by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, have also been proposed: see British Patent Specification No 1293200.
Such hoses are relatively lightweight.
The present invention sets out to provide an improved relatively lightweight hose which is resistant to pressure and vacuum operation and preferably either resistant to crushing or of good recovery from crushing.
In one aspect the present invention consists ln a hose o~ reinforced elastomeric material wherein the reinforcement comprises at least one layer of wound monfilament reinforcement and at least one layer of aramid fabric rein~orcement.
Pre~erably the mono~ilament winding is applied at arl angle of between 50 and 60 to the axis of the hose. Preferably moreover, there are two such layers, usually associated with an intermediate layer o~
elastomeric material such as natural or synthetic rubber.
One or more such layers may comprise a plurality of wi~dings disposed one about another~ The monofilament may be a polyester monofilament such as polyethylene ,;
25 terephthalate~ but other polymers~ e.g. nylon, can be ;
used.

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The fabric reinforcement is again preferably applied at an angle of between 50 and 600 to the hose axis and is a ~abric made o~ an aramid yarn, ~or example a cord fabric or square-woven fabric. Preferably it is used in conjunction with a suitable rubbery adhesive layer on -one side.
It will be apparent therefore that the reinforcement of the hose wall located between the inner lining and outer cover, in a preferred embodiment, consists of a substantial rubber lining with monofilament reinforcement on each sur-face, to which the fabric reinforcement is adhered by the rubbery material. In such an instance the fabric layer may be outermost or innermost, and the order of the layers will be monofilament-rubber layer-- monofilament - adhesive-fabric layer.
It is also, however, envisaged to adhere the fabric by means of the rubbery adhesive layer to one of the monofilamen-t layers so that it is located between the two monofilament layers and adjacent to the substantial rubber layer. In such an instance the order of the layers will be for instance, monofilament - adhesive - fabric -rubber - monofilament. In either instance, of course, these various layers are to be included within the inner lining and outer cover. ;
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

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~iL04505~3 Figure 1 is a section through part of the wall of a known type of hose~ and Figures 2, 3 and 4 are corresponding sections through part of the wall of various embodiments of hose according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a hose composed of an innermost rubber lining or tube 1~ a pressure resistant reinforcement

2~ and a rubber cover 3. The pressure resistant reinforcement 2 may consist of fabric or natural textile materials, or of a fabric made from synthetic textile materials~ or of a layer of steel wire cords. A heavy wire helix 4 is wound around the reinforcement 2 and thus embodied ln the rubber cover layer 3. Such a hose~ while resistant to pressure to crushing and is of relatively high density such that it needs a large amount of ~lotation material associated with it before it can ~loat on water.
Figure 2 shows a section of a hose wall according to the invention. It consists successively of (a) an innermiost lining~ or tube 5~ made of natural or synthetic ?0 rubber (b) a:layer 60f reinforcement fabric made from .,, aramid yarn, the rein~orcement being applied with the q~
ma~or axis o~ the reinforcement at an angle of 55 to the axis of the hose ~c) a rubber adhesiver layer 7 (d) a first layer of monofilament 8~ again wound with its major axis ~t an angle of 55 to the axis of the hose (e) a substantial layer of rubber 9 (f) a second layer 10 o~ the monofilament applied at 55 to the hose `~
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~o45~158 axis (usually in the opposite sense to the fir~t) and (g) a rubber cover layer 11. Inner and/or outer breaker fabrics (not shown) may also be incorporated if desired.
Figure 3 shows a hose construction in which the composition of the individual layers is as described above in relation to Figure 2~ but in which the order of the layers is different. Thu~ the layers are applied in the order 5~ 8~ 7, 6, 9, 10 and 11.
Figure 4 agai~ shows a section of a hose wall wlth the same components arranged in a further different order. In this case the components are arranged in the order 5~ 8, 9, 10~ 7, 6, 11.
Although layer 6 of reinforcement fabric of aramid yarn and layers 8 and 10 of monofilaments for the purpose~of illustration are shown as single layers 7 in most instances each of such layers will he multiple layers~
com~osed of 2, 4, 6 or 8 layers with cord being applied at 55% to the hose axis and each succesive layer being ;~
applied in the opposite sense to the previous layer.
Although the fabrics will in general be applied at an angle of 55, for specific purposes e.g. for flexibility and kink resistance angles other than 55 may be used for some or all of the layers of monofilament and/or aramid.
The ma~ skilled in the art will realize that the relative thickness of the layers, and the relative thickness of the hose wall compared to the hose diameter ~ 4 S ~ S 8 are not necessarily as shown in the drawings but resemble those thicknesses or proportions usual in the art. It is to be notedthat the rubber layer 9 will in general have a thickness in the range 5% to 10~, of the diameter of the hose, and not less than ~ inch.
While the Applicants do not intend to be limited by any theoretical explanation of their invention, it appears that the layers of monofilaments (which are preferably polyester monofilaments) provide resistance to collapse under vacuum and that the layer of aramid fabric reinforcement provides resistance to internal pressure. Moreover, the hose is a relatively lightweight in that all of the components are organic In nature without any incorporation of metallic reinforcement.
The hose is also more flexible than conventional wire-reinforced hoses and more resistant to crushing~ with -good recovery after any crushing which does take place~
The layer 6 of aramid fibre fabric can be for :
example composed of a yarn of a tensile strength of 22 20 grams per denier and an elongationbetween 2% and 4% at -break. This yarn can be made up as a cord fabric or square wove~ fabric and for example can be of l,OOOdenier ;
or 2~000denier weight.
The monofilamanet is preferably based on yarns 25 in the 1,000 to 10~000 denier range composed of individual monofilaments in the range 100 to 1,500 denier and a ten~city of at least 6 grams per denier.

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Table 1 gives properties of the monofilament and aramid yarns in comparison with other materials used in hose reinforcement. This demonstrates the advantageous properties of aramide fibres regardi~g strength and weight. It does not demonstrate the advantageous stiffness properties of the monofilament since there is no suitable test.
TABLE I
ELONGATION PO~YESTER STEEL
AT BREAK % MONOFI~AMENT ARAMID ~YLON POLYESTER WIRE

GM~DECITEX 6.25 217.2-8.2 6~7-7.6 3.4-~0 SPECIFIC
GRAVITY 1.38 1.441.14 1.38 7085 The preferred structure is that shown in Figure 2, since this makes the best use of the relative strengths and stiffnesses of the compone~ts.
Table 2 compares the properties of hoses made according to the construction show~ in Figure 2. These hoses are specifically for the oil suction and discharge purposes and in particular for use as floating hoses used for this purpose.

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mono~ilament and aramid materials used in these hoses.

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ARAMID YARN ~c FABRIC

WARP Aramid Yarn 1500 denier/2 fold/3 cable ~i.
Twist 5 tpi (doubled) 2.5 tpi (cable) WEFT 30's/~ ply rayon ENDS PER

PICKS PER `.

STRENGTH PER WARP_END .315 l~s -' ' MONOFI~AMENT YARN ~ FABRIC
WARP (7 monofilaments) 4620 d.tex :
WEFT -9's cotto4 STRENGTH PER WARP END 64 lbs ~. .
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Considering the properties shown in Table 2 it will be seen that the mono~ilament/aramid hose combines all the good properties of all the hoses known in the art ; . .
with some additional properties unique to this construction:
(a) Elongation properties are as good as steel cord hoses and better than purely monofilament hoses. -~
(b) Minimum bend radius and crushing are the same ,~ , as those properties for monofilament hoses.
(c) Specific gravity is the same as for mono- , filament hosesO ~ -(d) The wall thickness for the monofilament/
aramid hoses is lower than that of the purely monofilament hoses, while malntaining the same specific gravity~ hence the weight is less than any existing hose.
(e) Owing to the above combination of wall thickness , and specific gravity the volume (or weight) of flotation material which must be added to the hose to make it float with a reserve buoyancy ;
of 33% is much reduced in the case of mono-filament/aramid hoses in comparison w~th any i .
of the existing hoses.
It ~11 be seen that the volume of flotation material is large compared with the volume of hose body i.e~ 100% to 200%~ so the cost involved in both buying ~;~
flotation material and applying it to the hose is , ..
., ~1~)4S~58 considerable. Furthermore 7 owing to the reduced amount of buoyancy material the susceptibility to damage and the importance of loss of buoyancy material are both reduced. :
While certain representative embodiments and -details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in th~s art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or ;~-~
scope of the invention.
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~ 1~45~58 ~: -SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE , While the intermediate elastomeric layer 9 may :.be a natural or synthetic rubber, in a further embodiment of the invention a cellular foam material may be used which may be made from a material chosen from the group comprising natural rubber, styrene butadience rubber, poly- .
chloroprene rubber, cross-linked polyethylene, cross-linked ~:
ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer, polyurethane or . :
plasticized polyvinyl chloride, the density being in !~; "
the range 0.01 to 0.75 grms/ml. The total volume and density -~
of the cellular material is chosen to balance the higher density of the other organic components so that the overall density of the hose when full of water is in the range of 0.6 to 0.9 grms/ml.

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Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A large diameter suction and discharge hose comprised of elastomeric material incorporating reinforcing elements comprising an innertube of elastomeric material, at least two radially spaced windings of monofilament lying outwardly of said innertube and wound at an angle of 50-600 to the axis of the hose with said windings being of opposite hand orientation, a layer of elastomeric material having a thickness of at least 5% of the hose diameter between the windings of monofilament, a cover layer of elastomeric material around the outer surface of the hose, at least one layer of aramid fabric positioned in the wall of the hose between the innertube and cover layer adjacent to at least one of the windings of monofilament, and an elastomeric adhesive layer between the monofilament and aramid fabric to effect a bond between the two upon vulcanization of the integral structure.

2. A hose as claimed in Claim 1 in which the layer of aramid fabric lies radially inwardly of the innermost layer of wound monofilament.

3. A hose as claimed in Claim 1 in which the layer of aramid fabric is between the layer of wound monofilament.

4. A hose as claimed in Claim 1 wherein each wound monofilament layer includes a plurality of windings disposed one about the other.

5. A hose as claimed in Claim 2 in which at least the layer of aramid fabric comprises a plurality of said fabrics wrapped one about the other.

6. A hose as claimed in Claim 5 in which adjacent aramid fabrics are of opposite hand orientation.

7. A hose as claimed in Claim 1 in which the mono-filament is a polyester.

8. A hose as claimed in Claim 7 in which the poly-ester is polyethylene terephthalate.

9. A hose as claimed in Claim 1 in which the mono-filament is in the form of yarn with a denier in the range 1,000 to 10,000 composed of monofilaments in the range 100 to 1,500 denier.

10. A hose as claimed in Claim 1 in which the aramid fabric comprises aramid yarn of 1,000 to 2,000 denier.

CLAIMS SUPPORTED BY THE SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE

11. A large diameter suction and discharge buoyant hose comprised of elastomeric material incorporating reinforcing elements comprising an innertube of elastomeric material, at least two radially spaced windings of mono-filament lying outwardly of said innertube and wound at an angle of 50-60° to the axis of the hose with said windings being of opposite hand orientation, a layer of cellular polymeric foam material between the windings of monofilament and taken from the group comprising natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, poly-chloroprene rubber, cross-linked polyethylene, cross-linked ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer polyurethane or plasticized poly-vinyl chloride, the density being in the range of 0.01 to 0.75 grms/ml and a thickness of at least 5% of the hose diameter, and a cover layer of elastomeric material around the outer surface of the hose, the completed hose being vulcanized into an integral structure.

12. A hose as claimed in Claim 11 further comprising at least one layer of aramid fabric positioned in the wall of the hose between the innertube and cover layer adjacent to at least one of the windings of monofilament and an elastomeric adhesive layer between the monofilament and aramid fabric to effect a bond between the two upon vulcanization of the integral structure.