CA1044745A - Dual beam crt - Google Patents
Dual beam crtInfo
- Publication number
- CA1044745A CA1044745A CA228,762A CA228762A CA1044745A CA 1044745 A CA1044745 A CA 1044745A CA 228762 A CA228762 A CA 228762A CA 1044745 A CA1044745 A CA 1044745A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electron
- deflection
- plates
- disposed
- vertical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/10—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
- H01J31/12—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen
- H01J31/121—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen tubes for oscillography
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
Landscapes
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
DUAL-BEAM CRT
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A dual beam cathode-ray tube having a pair of electron guns and associated deflection means disposed side-by-side on each side of a central axis is described in which the electron guns are parallel and the deflection means includes beam centering plates and angled horizontal deflection plates to direct the electron beams toward the central axis, precluding the need for a large-diameter tube neck in which the entire gun structures are angled. Bowing control plates are disposed adjacent the beam centering plates to minimize trace bowing, and an intergun shield is disposed between the horizontal deflection plates to control and correct display pattern geometry distortion.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A dual beam cathode-ray tube having a pair of electron guns and associated deflection means disposed side-by-side on each side of a central axis is described in which the electron guns are parallel and the deflection means includes beam centering plates and angled horizontal deflection plates to direct the electron beams toward the central axis, precluding the need for a large-diameter tube neck in which the entire gun structures are angled. Bowing control plates are disposed adjacent the beam centering plates to minimize trace bowing, and an intergun shield is disposed between the horizontal deflection plates to control and correct display pattern geometry distortion.
Description
7~S
BACKG~OUND OF THE IN~IENTION
The present invention relates generally to electron beam tubes having dual beams and associated deflection means, and more particularly to single scan expansion mesh cathode ray tubes having dual electron beam yuns that provide asymmetrical ~orizontal scanning.
In cathode-ray tubes having dual electron beams for independent, multitrace operation, it has been a common practice to provide a pair of electron guns mounted in a stacked configuration such that one gun is disposed above the central 10 axis of the tube, and the other gun disposed below the central `
axis, both guns being mounted in the same vertical plane so that the horizontal angles of the two electron beams swept horizontal-ly across the tube screen are equal. Since the screen is transverse to the central axis of the tube and the guns are mounted off-axis, the guns are angled toward the central axis :: .
so that each gun can scan the entire screen. However, this angling distorts the scanned display pattern from a rectangle to a trapezoid, which can easily be corrected by adjusting the horizontal deflection plates to be nonparallel from side to side thereby affecting the horizontal sensitivity as the tube is scanned vertically. If a divergent post deflection acceleration (PDA1 field is used and full overlap of scan is desired, the guns have to be angled quite steeply, resulting in a large diameter cathode-ray tube which takes up useful space.
U.S. patent 3,819,984, assigned to assignee of the present application, teaches the concept of mounting a pair of electron guns parallel to each other in a horizontal plane in order to reduce the tube nec~ diameter. However, the use of a single scan expansion mesh in a cathode-ray tube having parallel electron guns and associated deflection structures '. ..,' ' . ' produces the undesirable ef~ect of causing the two electrical -centers of the guns to be widely separated, for example, as ~ ;-much as eight centimeters, and introduces a vertical trace bowing problem at the center of the display screen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. . _ .
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of widely separated electrical centers mentioned hereinabove by angling the horizontal deflection plates to direct the electron beams toward the central axis of the tube, and by disposing a set of beam-centering plates through which the electron beam passes between each set of vertical deflection plates and angled horizontal deflection plates to cause the beams to converge before entering the space between the horizontal de~lection plates. In addition, the beam centering plates have radiussed edges to correct for vertical trace bowing introduced by the mesh. Correction control to compensate for -~
part variations introduced by mass production is provided by a bowing control plate adjacent each set of beam centering plates to which a variahle voltage may be applied to change ' ' ~ '' ', :
the apparent radius of the beam-centering plates as seen by the electron beam.
An intergun shield is disposed between the closely mounted horizontal deflection plates to mini~ize the electrical capacitance therebetween, preventing high-frequency cross talk ~ -between the two guns. This shield is wider than the horizontal ~ -deflection plates and has scalloped edges to accommodate the deflection-plate support legs while providing shielding therefor.
Separate inner-gun and outer-gun shields are additionally provided to control horizontal keystone geometry and edge pattern ;
distortion. -Features of various embodiments of the present invention ;
are:
~1) a dual-beam cathode-ray tube having parallel electron guns dlsposed slde by side ln whlch the electrlcal centers for the guns are colncident;
BACKG~OUND OF THE IN~IENTION
The present invention relates generally to electron beam tubes having dual beams and associated deflection means, and more particularly to single scan expansion mesh cathode ray tubes having dual electron beam yuns that provide asymmetrical ~orizontal scanning.
In cathode-ray tubes having dual electron beams for independent, multitrace operation, it has been a common practice to provide a pair of electron guns mounted in a stacked configuration such that one gun is disposed above the central 10 axis of the tube, and the other gun disposed below the central `
axis, both guns being mounted in the same vertical plane so that the horizontal angles of the two electron beams swept horizontal-ly across the tube screen are equal. Since the screen is transverse to the central axis of the tube and the guns are mounted off-axis, the guns are angled toward the central axis :: .
so that each gun can scan the entire screen. However, this angling distorts the scanned display pattern from a rectangle to a trapezoid, which can easily be corrected by adjusting the horizontal deflection plates to be nonparallel from side to side thereby affecting the horizontal sensitivity as the tube is scanned vertically. If a divergent post deflection acceleration (PDA1 field is used and full overlap of scan is desired, the guns have to be angled quite steeply, resulting in a large diameter cathode-ray tube which takes up useful space.
U.S. patent 3,819,984, assigned to assignee of the present application, teaches the concept of mounting a pair of electron guns parallel to each other in a horizontal plane in order to reduce the tube nec~ diameter. However, the use of a single scan expansion mesh in a cathode-ray tube having parallel electron guns and associated deflection structures '. ..,' ' . ' produces the undesirable ef~ect of causing the two electrical -centers of the guns to be widely separated, for example, as ~ ;-much as eight centimeters, and introduces a vertical trace bowing problem at the center of the display screen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. . _ .
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of widely separated electrical centers mentioned hereinabove by angling the horizontal deflection plates to direct the electron beams toward the central axis of the tube, and by disposing a set of beam-centering plates through which the electron beam passes between each set of vertical deflection plates and angled horizontal deflection plates to cause the beams to converge before entering the space between the horizontal de~lection plates. In addition, the beam centering plates have radiussed edges to correct for vertical trace bowing introduced by the mesh. Correction control to compensate for -~
part variations introduced by mass production is provided by a bowing control plate adjacent each set of beam centering plates to which a variahle voltage may be applied to change ' ' ~ '' ', :
the apparent radius of the beam-centering plates as seen by the electron beam.
An intergun shield is disposed between the closely mounted horizontal deflection plates to mini~ize the electrical capacitance therebetween, preventing high-frequency cross talk ~ -between the two guns. This shield is wider than the horizontal ~ -deflection plates and has scalloped edges to accommodate the deflection-plate support legs while providing shielding therefor.
Separate inner-gun and outer-gun shields are additionally provided to control horizontal keystone geometry and edge pattern ;
distortion. -Features of various embodiments of the present invention ;
are:
~1) a dual-beam cathode-ray tube having parallel electron guns dlsposed slde by side ln whlch the electrlcal centers for the guns are colncident;
(2) a means for directing the electron beam of an off-center electron gun in a cathode-ray tube toward the central axis of such tube to preclude the need for a large diameter tube neck;
(3) a bowing control means to correct vertical trace bowlng caused by a scan expanslon mesh in a dual beam cathode-ray tube;
~4) an intergun shield for use in a dual beam cathode-ray tube ln which the hor~zontal deflection plates are mounted close together; :
~5) an intergun shield assembly which includes inner-gun and ~ ~
outer-gun shield means for eliminating horizontal keystone ~ ;
and edge pattern distortion in a dual beam cathode-ray ; -tube; and ~:
(6) improved dual-beam cathode-ray tube having a single scan ~
':`'' :; ' ', ~ .
expall.sion mcsll in which side-hy-sidc eloctron guns arc control]cd to providc overlapping rcctangular display patterns. .
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there lS provided an electron beam apparatus comprising:
an evacuated envelope having target means;
dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said envelope on each side of a central axis of said envelope and spaced from said target means for generating electron beams therefrom; and :, .
deflection means for each of said dual electron gun :
.: .
means disposed between said electron gun means and said target means for deflecting said clectron beams over said target moans in accordance ~itll signal voltages applied thereto to providc image displays thereover, said deflection means including beam centering means :i :
for directing said electron beams toward said central sxis ~;
of said envelope so tllat the electrical center of said - . .
deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, said beam centering means including correction means for correcting vertical trace bowing of said image displays.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a cathode-ray tube comprising:
an evacuated envelope having target means; -dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said env~elope for generating electron beam means and being spaced -;
from said target means; : .
deflection means disposed in said envelope between said target means and said electron gun means and including independent vertical and horizontal deflection plate means for each of said dual electron gun means for deflecting said '~
.',
~4) an intergun shield for use in a dual beam cathode-ray tube ln which the hor~zontal deflection plates are mounted close together; :
~5) an intergun shield assembly which includes inner-gun and ~ ~
outer-gun shield means for eliminating horizontal keystone ~ ;
and edge pattern distortion in a dual beam cathode-ray ; -tube; and ~:
(6) improved dual-beam cathode-ray tube having a single scan ~
':`'' :; ' ', ~ .
expall.sion mcsll in which side-hy-sidc eloctron guns arc control]cd to providc overlapping rcctangular display patterns. .
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there lS provided an electron beam apparatus comprising:
an evacuated envelope having target means;
dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said envelope on each side of a central axis of said envelope and spaced from said target means for generating electron beams therefrom; and :, .
deflection means for each of said dual electron gun :
.: .
means disposed between said electron gun means and said target means for deflecting said clectron beams over said target moans in accordance ~itll signal voltages applied thereto to providc image displays thereover, said deflection means including beam centering means :i :
for directing said electron beams toward said central sxis ~;
of said envelope so tllat the electrical center of said - . .
deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, said beam centering means including correction means for correcting vertical trace bowing of said image displays.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a cathode-ray tube comprising:
an evacuated envelope having target means; -dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said env~elope for generating electron beam means and being spaced -;
from said target means; : .
deflection means disposed in said envelope between said target means and said electron gun means and including independent vertical and horizontal deflection plate means for each of said dual electron gun means for deflecting said '~
.',
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.. ,................................................................. ' ~
, : . .. . .
electron bcam mcans ovcr said targct mcalls in accordancc with s;gnal voltagcs applic~ to said vcrtical and horizontal deflection plate means, said horizontal deflection plate means being disposed at an angle with respect to said vertical deflection plate means so that electron beam means ~ :
passing through the center of said deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, `~
said deflection means further including beam centering plate means disposed between said vertical and horizontal ~ -deflection plate means for diverting said electron beam means through said horizontal deflection plate means; and correction means provided by said beam centering plate means for correction of vertical trace bowing of said electron beam means.
BRI~F DESCRIPrlION OF TIIE DRAWINCS
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment -which is to be read in conjunction with the accompanying `
drawings in which:
Figs. 1 and 2 are schematicized top and side views respectively of a dual-beam cathode-ray tube according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows a perspectlve view of an intergun shield assembly for use in a dual-beam cathode-ray tube; ~
. Figs. 4 and 5 show side and top views respectively ~-of an intergun shield assembly for use in a dual-beam cathode-ray tube; and ~ ;
Figs. 6A, 6B, and 6C (appearing on the same sheet of ,: , drawings as Fig. 1) illustrate rectangular display patterns formed by an electron beam on the fluorescent screen of a cathode-ray tube.
, ~ - 4a -'.~ " ' 7 ~ 5 I)ETAILED DESCRIPTION
As shown in ~ig. 1, an elcctron dischargc which may ~ ;
be a cathode-ray tube 10 or other electron beam deElection device has an evacuatecd envelope 12 of glass, ceramic, or other suitable insulating material in which a fluorescent screen 14 of phosphor material coated on the inner surface of a light transparent faceplate 16 which is secured onto the front end of such envelope. A thin metallic coating 18 preferably of aluminum is disposed on the gun side of screen 14.
Two separate electron guns of conventional design are disposed in envelope 12 which include cathodes 20 and 21, cntrol grids 24 and 25, and focusing anodes 28 and 29. In addition, two separate electron beam deflection systems are provided in onvelope lZ including a first pa:ir of vertical clefloct:ion . ~ '.
- 4b -.. .. ~ , .. . . .......... -7L~5 plates 32 and a second pair of vertical deflection plates 33, a first pair of beam centering plates 36 and a second pair of beam centering plates 37, and a first pair of horizontal deflection plates 40 and a second pair of horizontal deflection plates 41.
As can be discerned from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, where like elements have like reference numerals, cathode 20 has associated therewith control grid 24, focusing anodes 28, vertical deflection plates 32, beam centering plates 36, and horizontal deflection plates 40 for controlling an electron beam 44 produced by cathode 20, to which -3 kilovolts may be applied. Similarly, cathode 21 may have -3 kL]ovolts applied thereto, and has associated therewlth control grld 25, focusing anodes 29, vertlcal deflectlon plates 33, beam centerlng plates 37, and horizontal deflection plates 41 for controlling the electron beam 45 produced by cathode 21.
An annular mounting and shielding member 50 is disposed in the envelope 12~so that the output ends of horizontal deflection ~ `
,~
means 40 and 41 are positioned therein, and it i8 operated at near ground potential. Member 50 serves to shield the horizontal deflection means from the high voltage of post deflection accelera-tion anode 54 which may conaist of a conductive coatlng on the interior surface of envelope 12 in electrical contac~ with metallic coating 18 and has an operating potential of 20 to 24 kilovolts thereon. A scan expansion mesh 58 is secured on the .... . .
member 50 which has an outwardly-directed hemispherical configura-tion to provide diverging lens for scan expansion in the manner ~, taught in a book entitled "Cathode-Ray Tubes," pp. 51-5~l, published by Tektronix, Inc., in 1970. This mesh 58 causes the electron ~
~:
beams to be efeectively scanned over the screen in full overlap operation, since both beams must be capable of coveri~g the same , . , screen area.
,:
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., . ... , .. .. ~ .. ,, . . .. : . , , . . . : . : .. .
7~5 After leavlng the electron guns, the electron beams 44 and 45 first pass through the vertical deflcction plates 32 and 33 respectively. Conventional vertical de~lection pla~es as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will provide sa~isfactory operation up to about 150 megahertz; however, for cathode-ray tube operation ~;
above this frequency, a vertical deflection means of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,694,689 will provide best operation.
Beam centering pla~es 36 and 37 are identical in con~iguration and each pair comprises an outer planar plate 36a, 37a and an inner planar plate 36b, 37b, which are spaced equidistant from each other and disposed parallel to th`e central axis of the tube to receive the electron beams 44 and 45 passing from ~he vertical de~lection pla~es 32 and 33 respectively. The lnner beam centerlng plates 36b and 37b, which are closest to the central axis oE the tube, are biased with an electrical potential which is positive to the outer plates 36a and 37a -respectively to cause the electron beams 44 and 45 to be directed toward the central axis of the tube along the center lines of the horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 as shown in Fig. 1. The beam entrance and exit portions of the beam centering plates may 20 be of an arcuate configuration as shown in Fig. 2 to correct ;
Eor vertical trace bowlng introduced by the mesh. ~s can be dlscerned, a beam 44, 45 which is deflected upward or downward ;
by the vertical deflection plates 32, 33 must travel through a longer path as ie passes through the beam centering plates 36, -~
37 and will be horizontally deflected more by the beam centering plates than would a beam passing through the center thereof. ~ `
Hence, a bow is deliberately introduced into the ~ertical trace which is opposite to that introduced by the mesh 58, resultlng in a straight vertical center trace viewed on the screen 14.
~ ;
44~t7L?/~5 Compensator plates 70 and 71, which are planar plates with straigh~ edges, are mounted adJacent the bea~ entrance edge of the outer ~eam cente~ing plates 36a and 37a to provide a control of the amount of vertical tracing bowing discussed in the preceding paragraph to compensate for part tolerances and slight misalignment of parts in the manufacture of the cathode-ray tu~es. A variable electrical potential is applied to each compensator plate 70 and 71 to produce an Plectrostatic field whose equipotential lines interfere with the equipotential lines at the extreme edge of each set of beam centering pla~es 36 and 37 respectively, thereby changlng the apparent curvature of the entrance edge of the outer beam centering plates 36a and 37a to establish the requ:lred stralght vertical trace. ~ ~ ;
Horizontal deflection plates 40 and 4L are identical in configuration and each pair comprises an outer plate 40a, 41a and an lnner plate 40b, 41b which are typically about 0.05 ;
inches apart at the entrance and about 0.35 inches apart at the exit to form a wedge-shaped spacing therebetween. Each :et of horizontal deflection plates is disposed at an angle within the envelope 12 sa that the electron beams 44 and 45 directed toward the central axis of the tube by the aforementioned beam , !
centering plate~ may enter and pass through without obstruction along a line corresponding to the electrical center of the viewing screen 14. The electric~l center of the screen is defined as that point at which the beams 44 and 45 strike when the vertical deflection plates 32, 33 and the horizontal ~ ~
deflection plates 40 and 41 are all grounded together, establish- ~ -.
~ng zero ~olts difference between the pairs of plates. The effect of the ~eam centering plates 36 and 37, the horizontal -30 deflection plates 40 and 41, and the scan expansion mesh 58 i8 to establlsh the electrical center of the screen at the ~-~
.......
. : ......
::
~, :
physical center of the screen, even though the side-by-side electron guns are physically several millimeters apart.
Plates 75 are mounted between the pairs of vertical deflection plates to prevent the electrostatic fields of these vertical aef~ection means from interfering with each other as well as providing compensation so that the characteristic impedance is constant therealong. Plates 75 are operated at near the average potential of the vertical deflection means.
Intergun isolation shield 80 is disposed between the pairs of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 to prevent the electrostatic fields generated by the respective pairs of horizontal deflection plates from affecting each other.
Shield 80 is operated at or near the average potential oE the horizontal deflection means. This shield also serves to mlnimize the capacitance between the sets of deflection plates, "::
thus minimizing high-frequency crosstalk between the two gun :~
.: .::, . .
systems.
Inner gun shield 82, and out gun shields 84 and 85 . ~ .
are disposed ad~àcent the exit of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41-~ and are operated at potentials sufficient to correct overall display pattern distortion, particularly hori~ontal keystone distor~ion, which will be further discussed later.
Further geometry correction can be effected by providing the horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 with arcuate, or radiussed exit edges rather than the straight exit edge shown in the drawings. :
Input signals are applied at input terminals 100 and 101, which are connected respectively to vertical amplifiers - 106 and 107. Vertical amplifiers 106 and 107 develop push-pull output signals which are connected respectively to ver~ical def-lection means 32 and 33. Horizontal ramp g~nerators :L10 and 111 are triggered in response to the receipt of inpu~ signals at input terminals 100 and 101 ~y providing trigger circuits 116 and 117 having their inputs connected respectively to input terminals 100 and 101 and having their outputs connected respectively to the inputs of horizontal ramp generators 110 and 111.
Horizontal ramp generators develop push-pull sawtooth signals suitable for driving dellection plates, and these signals are applied respectively to horizontal deflection means 40 and 41. - -Thus, electron ~eams 44 and 45 emitted respectively from cathodes 20 and 21 are properly focused by focusing anodes 28 and 29, thereafter vertical deflection means 32 and 33 and h~orizontal deflection means 40 and ~1 operate on the focused electron beams to deflect the beams ln accordance wlth the signals at input termin~ls 100 and 101 whereaEter the beams are passed through scan expanslon mesh 58 whereby they are accelerated about 2~i kilovolts before they strike the target j, comprising phosphor layer 14 and metallic coating 17 which produces light images of these electron beams, which under most circumstances will be the signal waveform traces of the vertical deflection signals. The thin film of aluminum, which is several angstrom3 thick, is electron transparent and reElects the light emitted,lby the phosphor layer 14 to increase the brightness of the displays in a conventional manner.
Fig. 3 show8 a perspec~ive view of an intergun and ~
crosstalk shield assembly in accordance with the preferred ~;`
embodiment of the present invention, while Figs. 4 and 5 show -~
respectively side and top views of this preferred embodiment.
..
Again9 like elements have like reference numerals to facilitate . . . . .
reference to the drawings. An isolation shield comprising slotted half-discs 120 and 121 is insulatively attached to the intergun isolation shield 80 on a plane transverse to the shield .,~,, ,..,~ .
80 to provide isolation of the horizontal deflection means from `~
~g_ , ; i :.
' '; "
the high-voltage field established by the post deflection anode 54 described earlier. The outer gun shields 84 and 85 are insulatively attached to the shield 120 and 121 respectively.
The intergun shield 80, islolation shlelds 120 and 121, and outergun shields 84 and ~5 are assembled by means of support legs 125, -which may be wires spot-welded to the various members and insulated from each other by glass beads 128.
Inner gun shield 82 comprises two separate shield mem6ers 130 and 131 which are insulated from each other and `
insulatively mounted in the space provided in intergun shield 80.
The completed intergun shield assembly hereinabove described i8 mounted in the tube between the two paLrs of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41, attached to the inner horizontal deElection plate support rods 13~ and 136, which may be suitably be fabricated of glass or other insulating material, ' by means of support legs 140 which are spot welded to isolation shield 80 and embedded in the support rods 134 and 36 as shown in Fig. 4.
The edges of shleld 80 are scalloped to permit the inner horizontal deflection plate support legs 144 which are ~pot welded to the inner horizontal deflection plates 40b and 41b to be embedded in the support rods 134 and 136 without touching the shield 80. This arrangement allows the two sets of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 to be mounted as close together as possible to achieve full scan overlap while minimizing display distortion, and simultaneously reducing the capacitance due to the dielectric mediums, i.e. the air and the support rods, between the two sets of horizontal deflection plates.
As can be discerned, the deflection plate support legs 144 are at the same electrical potential as their associated deflection plates 40b and 41b, and to complete the shielding ' ''' --10-- , 7~
and further minimize capacitance in the support rods 13~ and 136, tfie outsi`de of the rods 134 and 136 are coated with an electrically conductive paint 150 in bands connecting the shield 80 support legs 140.
In the absence of the inner gun ~hields 82 and outer gun shields 84 and 85, the display generated by th~ left --electron gun means would provide a keystone-shaped display as ''~
shown in Fig. 6A whereby the horizontal lines above and below '' '~
the center horizontal line will deviate away therefrom in a direction from left to right, whereas the display generated by 10 the right electron gun means would provide a keystone-shaped '";l";'~
display as shown in Fig. 6B wher'eby the horizontal lines above and below the center horizontal llne will deviate away therefrom in a directLon opposite ~o that of the display ~f the left gun means as shown by Fig. 6A. Thus, the interaction of the ';
electrostatic fields of the vertical and horizontal deflection means without the innergun shields 82 and outer gun shield '~
84 and 85 will provide displays having keystone distortion as shown in Figs. 6A and 6B in a dual-beam cathode-ray tube wherein the electron guns are disposed parallel to each other in side- '; ' by-side relationship. When the innergun shields 82 and outergun shields 84 and 85 are provided for the horizontal defl~ction means in accordance with the present invention, a true rectangular ~ -' display as shown in Fi8. 6C 1s provided thereby correcting for ~' ;
ke~stone distor~ion. ' ' It will be obvious to those hav:Lng ordinary skill in the'art that many changes may be made in the detaLls o~
the above-described preferred embodiment without departing '~
~rom the spirit of the invention. While a conventional cathode-ray tube has been described, it is possible to employ t'he present invention in a bistable charge image storage tube including the s type in which the phosphor layer also ~unctions as the storage dielectric. T~ere~ore, the scope of the present invention is :~ .
to be determined by the ~ollowing claims.
:,''','' . . .
,' . : .
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'., ,.. ' ' . .. . . . ~ . ~ . . . . ~ . . . . .. . . . . .
.. ,................................................................. ' ~
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electron bcam mcans ovcr said targct mcalls in accordancc with s;gnal voltagcs applic~ to said vcrtical and horizontal deflection plate means, said horizontal deflection plate means being disposed at an angle with respect to said vertical deflection plate means so that electron beam means ~ :
passing through the center of said deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, `~
said deflection means further including beam centering plate means disposed between said vertical and horizontal ~ -deflection plate means for diverting said electron beam means through said horizontal deflection plate means; and correction means provided by said beam centering plate means for correction of vertical trace bowing of said electron beam means.
BRI~F DESCRIPrlION OF TIIE DRAWINCS
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment -which is to be read in conjunction with the accompanying `
drawings in which:
Figs. 1 and 2 are schematicized top and side views respectively of a dual-beam cathode-ray tube according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows a perspectlve view of an intergun shield assembly for use in a dual-beam cathode-ray tube; ~
. Figs. 4 and 5 show side and top views respectively ~-of an intergun shield assembly for use in a dual-beam cathode-ray tube; and ~ ;
Figs. 6A, 6B, and 6C (appearing on the same sheet of ,: , drawings as Fig. 1) illustrate rectangular display patterns formed by an electron beam on the fluorescent screen of a cathode-ray tube.
, ~ - 4a -'.~ " ' 7 ~ 5 I)ETAILED DESCRIPTION
As shown in ~ig. 1, an elcctron dischargc which may ~ ;
be a cathode-ray tube 10 or other electron beam deElection device has an evacuatecd envelope 12 of glass, ceramic, or other suitable insulating material in which a fluorescent screen 14 of phosphor material coated on the inner surface of a light transparent faceplate 16 which is secured onto the front end of such envelope. A thin metallic coating 18 preferably of aluminum is disposed on the gun side of screen 14.
Two separate electron guns of conventional design are disposed in envelope 12 which include cathodes 20 and 21, cntrol grids 24 and 25, and focusing anodes 28 and 29. In addition, two separate electron beam deflection systems are provided in onvelope lZ including a first pa:ir of vertical clefloct:ion . ~ '.
- 4b -.. .. ~ , .. . . .......... -7L~5 plates 32 and a second pair of vertical deflection plates 33, a first pair of beam centering plates 36 and a second pair of beam centering plates 37, and a first pair of horizontal deflection plates 40 and a second pair of horizontal deflection plates 41.
As can be discerned from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, where like elements have like reference numerals, cathode 20 has associated therewith control grid 24, focusing anodes 28, vertical deflection plates 32, beam centering plates 36, and horizontal deflection plates 40 for controlling an electron beam 44 produced by cathode 20, to which -3 kilovolts may be applied. Similarly, cathode 21 may have -3 kL]ovolts applied thereto, and has associated therewlth control grld 25, focusing anodes 29, vertlcal deflectlon plates 33, beam centerlng plates 37, and horizontal deflection plates 41 for controlling the electron beam 45 produced by cathode 21.
An annular mounting and shielding member 50 is disposed in the envelope 12~so that the output ends of horizontal deflection ~ `
,~
means 40 and 41 are positioned therein, and it i8 operated at near ground potential. Member 50 serves to shield the horizontal deflection means from the high voltage of post deflection accelera-tion anode 54 which may conaist of a conductive coatlng on the interior surface of envelope 12 in electrical contac~ with metallic coating 18 and has an operating potential of 20 to 24 kilovolts thereon. A scan expansion mesh 58 is secured on the .... . .
member 50 which has an outwardly-directed hemispherical configura-tion to provide diverging lens for scan expansion in the manner ~, taught in a book entitled "Cathode-Ray Tubes," pp. 51-5~l, published by Tektronix, Inc., in 1970. This mesh 58 causes the electron ~
~:
beams to be efeectively scanned over the screen in full overlap operation, since both beams must be capable of coveri~g the same , . , screen area.
,:
:' . ',- , , :::. .
., . ... , .. .. ~ .. ,, . . .. : . , , . . . : . : .. .
7~5 After leavlng the electron guns, the electron beams 44 and 45 first pass through the vertical deflcction plates 32 and 33 respectively. Conventional vertical de~lection pla~es as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will provide sa~isfactory operation up to about 150 megahertz; however, for cathode-ray tube operation ~;
above this frequency, a vertical deflection means of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,694,689 will provide best operation.
Beam centering pla~es 36 and 37 are identical in con~iguration and each pair comprises an outer planar plate 36a, 37a and an inner planar plate 36b, 37b, which are spaced equidistant from each other and disposed parallel to th`e central axis of the tube to receive the electron beams 44 and 45 passing from ~he vertical de~lection pla~es 32 and 33 respectively. The lnner beam centerlng plates 36b and 37b, which are closest to the central axis oE the tube, are biased with an electrical potential which is positive to the outer plates 36a and 37a -respectively to cause the electron beams 44 and 45 to be directed toward the central axis of the tube along the center lines of the horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 as shown in Fig. 1. The beam entrance and exit portions of the beam centering plates may 20 be of an arcuate configuration as shown in Fig. 2 to correct ;
Eor vertical trace bowlng introduced by the mesh. ~s can be dlscerned, a beam 44, 45 which is deflected upward or downward ;
by the vertical deflection plates 32, 33 must travel through a longer path as ie passes through the beam centering plates 36, -~
37 and will be horizontally deflected more by the beam centering plates than would a beam passing through the center thereof. ~ `
Hence, a bow is deliberately introduced into the ~ertical trace which is opposite to that introduced by the mesh 58, resultlng in a straight vertical center trace viewed on the screen 14.
~ ;
44~t7L?/~5 Compensator plates 70 and 71, which are planar plates with straigh~ edges, are mounted adJacent the bea~ entrance edge of the outer ~eam cente~ing plates 36a and 37a to provide a control of the amount of vertical tracing bowing discussed in the preceding paragraph to compensate for part tolerances and slight misalignment of parts in the manufacture of the cathode-ray tu~es. A variable electrical potential is applied to each compensator plate 70 and 71 to produce an Plectrostatic field whose equipotential lines interfere with the equipotential lines at the extreme edge of each set of beam centering pla~es 36 and 37 respectively, thereby changlng the apparent curvature of the entrance edge of the outer beam centering plates 36a and 37a to establish the requ:lred stralght vertical trace. ~ ~ ;
Horizontal deflection plates 40 and 4L are identical in configuration and each pair comprises an outer plate 40a, 41a and an lnner plate 40b, 41b which are typically about 0.05 ;
inches apart at the entrance and about 0.35 inches apart at the exit to form a wedge-shaped spacing therebetween. Each :et of horizontal deflection plates is disposed at an angle within the envelope 12 sa that the electron beams 44 and 45 directed toward the central axis of the tube by the aforementioned beam , !
centering plate~ may enter and pass through without obstruction along a line corresponding to the electrical center of the viewing screen 14. The electric~l center of the screen is defined as that point at which the beams 44 and 45 strike when the vertical deflection plates 32, 33 and the horizontal ~ ~
deflection plates 40 and 41 are all grounded together, establish- ~ -.
~ng zero ~olts difference between the pairs of plates. The effect of the ~eam centering plates 36 and 37, the horizontal -30 deflection plates 40 and 41, and the scan expansion mesh 58 i8 to establlsh the electrical center of the screen at the ~-~
.......
. : ......
::
~, :
physical center of the screen, even though the side-by-side electron guns are physically several millimeters apart.
Plates 75 are mounted between the pairs of vertical deflection plates to prevent the electrostatic fields of these vertical aef~ection means from interfering with each other as well as providing compensation so that the characteristic impedance is constant therealong. Plates 75 are operated at near the average potential of the vertical deflection means.
Intergun isolation shield 80 is disposed between the pairs of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 to prevent the electrostatic fields generated by the respective pairs of horizontal deflection plates from affecting each other.
Shield 80 is operated at or near the average potential oE the horizontal deflection means. This shield also serves to mlnimize the capacitance between the sets of deflection plates, "::
thus minimizing high-frequency crosstalk between the two gun :~
.: .::, . .
systems.
Inner gun shield 82, and out gun shields 84 and 85 . ~ .
are disposed ad~àcent the exit of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41-~ and are operated at potentials sufficient to correct overall display pattern distortion, particularly hori~ontal keystone distor~ion, which will be further discussed later.
Further geometry correction can be effected by providing the horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 with arcuate, or radiussed exit edges rather than the straight exit edge shown in the drawings. :
Input signals are applied at input terminals 100 and 101, which are connected respectively to vertical amplifiers - 106 and 107. Vertical amplifiers 106 and 107 develop push-pull output signals which are connected respectively to ver~ical def-lection means 32 and 33. Horizontal ramp g~nerators :L10 and 111 are triggered in response to the receipt of inpu~ signals at input terminals 100 and 101 ~y providing trigger circuits 116 and 117 having their inputs connected respectively to input terminals 100 and 101 and having their outputs connected respectively to the inputs of horizontal ramp generators 110 and 111.
Horizontal ramp generators develop push-pull sawtooth signals suitable for driving dellection plates, and these signals are applied respectively to horizontal deflection means 40 and 41. - -Thus, electron ~eams 44 and 45 emitted respectively from cathodes 20 and 21 are properly focused by focusing anodes 28 and 29, thereafter vertical deflection means 32 and 33 and h~orizontal deflection means 40 and ~1 operate on the focused electron beams to deflect the beams ln accordance wlth the signals at input termin~ls 100 and 101 whereaEter the beams are passed through scan expanslon mesh 58 whereby they are accelerated about 2~i kilovolts before they strike the target j, comprising phosphor layer 14 and metallic coating 17 which produces light images of these electron beams, which under most circumstances will be the signal waveform traces of the vertical deflection signals. The thin film of aluminum, which is several angstrom3 thick, is electron transparent and reElects the light emitted,lby the phosphor layer 14 to increase the brightness of the displays in a conventional manner.
Fig. 3 show8 a perspec~ive view of an intergun and ~
crosstalk shield assembly in accordance with the preferred ~;`
embodiment of the present invention, while Figs. 4 and 5 show -~
respectively side and top views of this preferred embodiment.
..
Again9 like elements have like reference numerals to facilitate . . . . .
reference to the drawings. An isolation shield comprising slotted half-discs 120 and 121 is insulatively attached to the intergun isolation shield 80 on a plane transverse to the shield .,~,, ,..,~ .
80 to provide isolation of the horizontal deflection means from `~
~g_ , ; i :.
' '; "
the high-voltage field established by the post deflection anode 54 described earlier. The outer gun shields 84 and 85 are insulatively attached to the shield 120 and 121 respectively.
The intergun shield 80, islolation shlelds 120 and 121, and outergun shields 84 and ~5 are assembled by means of support legs 125, -which may be wires spot-welded to the various members and insulated from each other by glass beads 128.
Inner gun shield 82 comprises two separate shield mem6ers 130 and 131 which are insulated from each other and `
insulatively mounted in the space provided in intergun shield 80.
The completed intergun shield assembly hereinabove described i8 mounted in the tube between the two paLrs of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41, attached to the inner horizontal deElection plate support rods 13~ and 136, which may be suitably be fabricated of glass or other insulating material, ' by means of support legs 140 which are spot welded to isolation shield 80 and embedded in the support rods 134 and 36 as shown in Fig. 4.
The edges of shleld 80 are scalloped to permit the inner horizontal deflection plate support legs 144 which are ~pot welded to the inner horizontal deflection plates 40b and 41b to be embedded in the support rods 134 and 136 without touching the shield 80. This arrangement allows the two sets of horizontal deflection plates 40 and 41 to be mounted as close together as possible to achieve full scan overlap while minimizing display distortion, and simultaneously reducing the capacitance due to the dielectric mediums, i.e. the air and the support rods, between the two sets of horizontal deflection plates.
As can be discerned, the deflection plate support legs 144 are at the same electrical potential as their associated deflection plates 40b and 41b, and to complete the shielding ' ''' --10-- , 7~
and further minimize capacitance in the support rods 13~ and 136, tfie outsi`de of the rods 134 and 136 are coated with an electrically conductive paint 150 in bands connecting the shield 80 support legs 140.
In the absence of the inner gun ~hields 82 and outer gun shields 84 and 85, the display generated by th~ left --electron gun means would provide a keystone-shaped display as ''~
shown in Fig. 6A whereby the horizontal lines above and below '' '~
the center horizontal line will deviate away therefrom in a direction from left to right, whereas the display generated by 10 the right electron gun means would provide a keystone-shaped '";l";'~
display as shown in Fig. 6B wher'eby the horizontal lines above and below the center horizontal llne will deviate away therefrom in a directLon opposite ~o that of the display ~f the left gun means as shown by Fig. 6A. Thus, the interaction of the ';
electrostatic fields of the vertical and horizontal deflection means without the innergun shields 82 and outer gun shield '~
84 and 85 will provide displays having keystone distortion as shown in Figs. 6A and 6B in a dual-beam cathode-ray tube wherein the electron guns are disposed parallel to each other in side- '; ' by-side relationship. When the innergun shields 82 and outergun shields 84 and 85 are provided for the horizontal defl~ction means in accordance with the present invention, a true rectangular ~ -' display as shown in Fi8. 6C 1s provided thereby correcting for ~' ;
ke~stone distor~ion. ' ' It will be obvious to those hav:Lng ordinary skill in the'art that many changes may be made in the detaLls o~
the above-described preferred embodiment without departing '~
~rom the spirit of the invention. While a conventional cathode-ray tube has been described, it is possible to employ t'he present invention in a bistable charge image storage tube including the s type in which the phosphor layer also ~unctions as the storage dielectric. T~ere~ore, the scope of the present invention is :~ .
to be determined by the ~ollowing claims.
:,''','' . . .
,' . : .
`~' ' ... .
:' .';
'., ,.. ' ' . .. . . . ~ . ~ . . . . ~ . . . . .. . . . . .
Claims (9)
1. An electron beam apparatus comprising:
an evacuated envelope having target means;
dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said envelope on each side of a central axis of said envelope and spaced from said target means for generating electron beams therefrom; and deflection means for each of said dual electron gun means disposed between said electron gun means and said target means for deflecting said electron beams over said target means in accordance with signal voltages applied thereto to provide image displays thereover, said deflection means including beam centering means for directing said electron beams toward said central axis of said envelope so that the electrical center of said deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, said beam centering means including correction means for correcting vertical trace bowing of said image displays.
an evacuated envelope having target means;
dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said envelope on each side of a central axis of said envelope and spaced from said target means for generating electron beams therefrom; and deflection means for each of said dual electron gun means disposed between said electron gun means and said target means for deflecting said electron beams over said target means in accordance with signal voltages applied thereto to provide image displays thereover, said deflection means including beam centering means for directing said electron beams toward said central axis of said envelope so that the electrical center of said deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, said beam centering means including correction means for correcting vertical trace bowing of said image displays.
2. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said dual electron gun means are parallel to each other, and wherein said deflection means includes horizontal deflection means in which two sets of deflection plates thereof are disposed at an angle with respect to said central axis of said envelope.
3. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 2 including isolation shield means disposed between said two sets of horizontal deflection plates and sharing a common support structure therewith.
4. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said beam centering means includes a pair of parallel plates for each of said dual electron guns disposed intermediate said vertical deflection means and said horizontal deflection means for passage therethrough of said electron beams, one of each of said pairs of plates being biased positive with respect to the other for diverting said electron beams.
5. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said vertical trace bowing correction means includes arcuate edges on said beam centering plates to control the path length of said electron beams therethrough as said electron beams are deflected vertically by said vertical deflection means.
6. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said vertical trace bowing correction means further includes electrode means disposed adjacent at least one of said arcuate edges for controlling the electrostatic field thereof.
7. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 1 wherein means are provided by said deflection means to correct for keystone distortion of said electron beams.
8. The electron beam apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said means provided by said deflection means comprise side shield means for the horizontal deflection means thereof.
9. A cathode-ray tube comprising:
an evacuated envelope having target means;
dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said envelope for generating electron beam means and being spaced from said target means;
deflection means disposed in said envelope between said target means and said electron gun means and including independent vertical and horizontal deflection plate means for each of said dual electron gun means for deflecting said electron beam means over said target means in accordance with signal voltages applied to said vertical and horizontal deflection plate means, said horizontal deflection plate means being disposed at an angle with respect to said vertical deflection plate means so that electron beam means passing through the center of said deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, said deflection means further including beam centering plate means disposed between said vertical and horizontal deflection plate means for diverting said electron beam means through said horizontal deflection plate means; and correction means provided by said beam centering plate means for correction of vertical trace bowing of said electron beam means.
an evacuated envelope having target means;
dual electron gun means disposed side-by-side in said envelope for generating electron beam means and being spaced from said target means;
deflection means disposed in said envelope between said target means and said electron gun means and including independent vertical and horizontal deflection plate means for each of said dual electron gun means for deflecting said electron beam means over said target means in accordance with signal voltages applied to said vertical and horizontal deflection plate means, said horizontal deflection plate means being disposed at an angle with respect to said vertical deflection plate means so that electron beam means passing through the center of said deflection means corresponds to the center of said target means, said deflection means further including beam centering plate means disposed between said vertical and horizontal deflection plate means for diverting said electron beam means through said horizontal deflection plate means; and correction means provided by said beam centering plate means for correction of vertical trace bowing of said electron beam means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA287,237A CA1038440A (en) | 1974-07-05 | 1977-09-22 | Dual-beam crt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US486022A US3921025A (en) | 1974-07-05 | 1974-07-05 | Dual-beam CRT with vertical trace bowing correction means |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1044745A true CA1044745A (en) | 1978-12-19 |
Family
ID=23930299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA228,762A Expired CA1044745A (en) | 1974-07-05 | 1975-06-06 | Dual beam crt |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3921025A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5117658A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1044745A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2529505C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2277431A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB1505563A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7506542A (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52124854A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-10-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Braun tube and its production |
| JPS52124855A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-10-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Cathode-ray tube |
| JPS52136550U (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-10-17 | ||
| JPS52137762U (en) * | 1976-04-13 | 1977-10-19 | ||
| DE2804029A1 (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-02 | Licentia Gmbh | CRT with two beam electron gun - has such gun position that beams are inclined to tube axis and when not deflected intersect it at screen |
| US4288719A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-09-08 | Rca Corporation | CRT With means for suppressing arcing therein |
| JPS5834789A (en) * | 1981-08-25 | 1983-03-01 | 富士通フアナツク株式会社 | Hand for industrial robot |
| US4585976A (en) * | 1982-01-19 | 1986-04-29 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Beam penetration CRT with internal automatic constant deflection factor and pattern correction |
| US5087867A (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-02-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Motor driving apparatus and printer |
| US5621276A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1997-04-15 | Magma, Inc. | Cathode ray tube |
| US6369498B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2002-04-09 | Intel Corporation | Electron gun for addressing secondary emission targets |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2170944A (en) * | 1937-05-29 | 1939-08-29 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Multicathode ray discharge device |
| US2728873A (en) * | 1953-01-13 | 1955-12-27 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Cathode ray control apparatus |
| FR1115673A (en) * | 1954-12-02 | 1956-04-27 | Csf | Improvements to post-acceleration bi-curve oscilloscopes |
| DE1001404B (en) * | 1955-12-06 | 1957-01-24 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Electron beam tubes for displaying two or more processes |
| US2939982A (en) * | 1957-10-02 | 1960-06-07 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Cathode ray tube apparatus |
| GB1165002A (en) * | 1965-09-25 | 1969-09-24 | Emi Ltd | Improvements relating to Cathode Ray Tubes and Focusing and Deflecting Arrangements Therefor. |
| FR2056162A5 (en) * | 1969-07-28 | 1971-05-14 | Tektronix Inc | |
| US3681645A (en) * | 1969-09-15 | 1972-08-01 | Fairchild Camera Instr Co | Cathode-ray character-display tube |
| US3670199A (en) * | 1970-04-06 | 1972-06-13 | Tektronix Inc | Cathode ray tube having auxiliary deflection plate to correct pincushion distortion |
| US3694689A (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1972-09-26 | Tektronix Inc | Electron beam deflection apparatus |
| US3819984A (en) * | 1973-02-12 | 1974-06-25 | Tektronix Inc | Side-by-side dual gun crt having horizontal deflector plates provided with side shields for correction of geometric distortion |
-
1974
- 1974-07-05 US US486022A patent/US3921025A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-05-16 GB GB20776/75A patent/GB1505563A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-16 GB GB8492/77A patent/GB1505564A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-03 NL NL7506542A patent/NL7506542A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-06-06 CA CA228,762A patent/CA1044745A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-16 JP JP50073016A patent/JPS5117658A/en active Granted
- 1975-06-27 FR FR7520852A patent/FR2277431A1/en active Granted
- 1975-07-02 DE DE2529505A patent/DE2529505C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5117658A (en) | 1976-02-12 |
| US3921025A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
| DE2529505A1 (en) | 1976-01-29 |
| JPS5543577B2 (en) | 1980-11-07 |
| DE2529505C2 (en) | 1985-03-07 |
| FR2277431A1 (en) | 1976-01-30 |
| FR2277431B1 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
| GB1505563A (en) | 1978-03-30 |
| NL7506542A (en) | 1976-01-07 |
| GB1505564A (en) | 1978-03-30 |
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