CA1040950A - Method and apparatus for fuel injection-spark ignition system for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for fuel injection-spark ignition system for an internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1040950A CA1040950A CA207,261A CA207261A CA1040950A CA 1040950 A CA1040950 A CA 1040950A CA 207261 A CA207261 A CA 207261A CA 1040950 A CA1040950 A CA 1040950A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- chamber
- engine
- speed
- injection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 241
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229940090044 injection Drugs 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-OIOBTWANSA-N lead-204 Chemical compound [204Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-OIOBTWANSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006902 nitrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010007387 therin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B17/00—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
- F02B17/005—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders having direct injection in the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
- F02M57/06—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking plugs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/045—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions combined with electronic control of other engine functions, e.g. fuel injection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/05—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means
- F02P5/14—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on specific conditions other than engine speed or engine fluid pressure, e.g. temperature
- F02P5/142—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on specific conditions other than engine speed or engine fluid pressure, e.g. temperature dependent on a combination of several specific conditions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases
- F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
- F02F2007/0092—Transparent materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49254874A | 1974-07-29 | 1974-07-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1040950A true CA1040950A (en) | 1978-10-24 |
Family
ID=23956701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA207,261A Expired CA1040950A (en) | 1974-07-29 | 1974-08-19 | Method and apparatus for fuel injection-spark ignition system for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4066046A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5925099B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1040950A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2440973A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2284768A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1484691A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1033088B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (58)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1978000007A1 (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-12-07 | W M Pfeiffer | Direct injection fuel system |
| US4343272A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1982-08-10 | Buck Alan C | Devices for supplementing conventional liquid fuels in internal combustion engines with gaseous fuel supplements |
| US4911123A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1990-03-27 | Ellicott George D | Electronic controller for compression actuated fuel injection system |
| GB2218151A (en) * | 1988-05-03 | 1989-11-08 | Ford Motor Co | Spark ignition engine fuel injection timing control |
| US20030012985A1 (en) | 1998-08-03 | 2003-01-16 | Mcalister Roy E. | Pressure energy conversion systems |
| US5058548A (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1991-10-22 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine |
| US5086737A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-02-11 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel injection timing control system for an internal combustion engine with a direct fuel injection system |
| GB9210115D0 (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1992-06-24 | United Fuels Ltd | Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines |
| JP3073118B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-20 | 2000-08-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 筒内噴射式内燃機関 |
| WO1998009064A1 (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-05 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel control device for cylinder injection type internal combustion engine |
| US6032640A (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-03-07 | The University Of British Columbia | Control method for spark-ignition engines |
| JP4089127B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-21 | 2008-05-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
| US7210467B2 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2007-05-01 | Gas Technology Institute | Advanced high efficiency, ultra-low emission, thermochemically recuperated reciprocating internal combustion engine |
| US8678816B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2014-03-25 | Sefmat | Hot air internal ignition burner/generator |
| US8365700B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2013-02-05 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Shaping a fuel charge in a combustion chamber with multiple drivers and/or ionization control |
| US8387599B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2013-03-05 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for reducing the formation of oxides of nitrogen during combustion in engines |
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| US7628137B1 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2009-12-08 | Mcalister Roy E | Multifuel storage, metering and ignition system |
| US8733331B2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2014-05-27 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Adaptive control system for fuel injectors and igniters |
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| WO2011025512A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | Mcallister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injectors and igniters and associated methods of use and manufacture |
| US8147599B2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2012-04-03 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Apparatuses and methods for storing and/or filtering a substance |
| EP2470775B1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2015-04-29 | McAlister Technologies, LLC | Shaping a fuel charge in a combustion chamber with multiple drivers and/or ionization control |
| CA2772043C (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2014-01-07 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Ceramic insulator and methods of use and manufacture thereof |
| WO2011071607A2 (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-16 | Mcalister Roy E | Integrated fuel injector igniters suitable for large engine applications and associated methods of use and manufacture |
| CN102844540A (zh) | 2010-02-13 | 2012-12-26 | 麦卡利斯特技术有限责任公司 | 用于自适应地冷却发动机中的燃烧室的方法和系统 |
| US8205805B2 (en) | 2010-02-13 | 2012-06-26 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Fuel injector assemblies having acoustical force modifiers and associated methods of use and manufacture |
| US20110297753A1 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-08 | Mcalister Roy E | Integrated fuel injector igniters configured to inject multiple fuels and/or coolants and associated methods of use and manufacture |
| WO2011100721A2 (en) | 2010-02-13 | 2011-08-18 | Mcalister Roy E | Oxygenated fuel |
| US8528519B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2013-09-10 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injector igniters suitable for large engine applications and associated methods of use and manufacture |
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| US9194337B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-11-24 | Advanced Green Innovations, LLC | High pressure direct injected gaseous fuel system and retrofit kit incorporating the same |
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| US8820293B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-02 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Injector-igniter with thermochemical regeneration |
| WO2014145882A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Methods of manufacture of engineered materials and devices |
| US9562500B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-02-07 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Injector-igniter with fuel characterization |
| US9079489B2 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2015-07-14 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Methods for fuel tank recycling and net hydrogen fuel and carbon goods production along with associated apparatus and systems |
| FR3071550B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-27 | 2022-10-14 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Chambre annulaire de combustion |
| US11891961B1 (en) | 2022-08-03 | 2024-02-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Gaseous fuel engine system and operating strategy for limiting crankcase fuel accumulation |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA680016A (en) * | 1964-02-11 | Vezin Pierre | Dispositif pour l'amelioration des conditions de fonctionnement des moteurs a allumage commande | |
| US2795214A (en) * | 1955-05-20 | 1957-06-11 | Ii Thurston W Shook | Combined fuel injection and ignition system for internal combustion engines |
| US2981244A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1961-04-25 | Ralph G Hendrickson | Fuel injection carburetion system |
| US3094974A (en) * | 1961-10-23 | 1963-06-25 | Texaco Inc | Internal combustion engine |
| US3173409A (en) * | 1961-10-23 | 1965-03-16 | Glenn B Warren | Internal combustion engine operating on stratified combustion principle and combined fuel injection and igniting device for use therewith |
| US3318292A (en) * | 1964-12-10 | 1967-05-09 | Ford Motor Co | Internal combustion engine |
| US3418980A (en) * | 1965-09-01 | 1968-12-31 | Physics Internat Company | Fuel injector-ignitor system for internal combustion engines |
| US3315650A (en) * | 1965-09-17 | 1967-04-25 | Ford Motor Co | Internal combustion engine combustion process |
| AT282264B (de) * | 1966-11-24 | 1970-06-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Steueraggregat an Brennkraftmaschinen zur Auslösung von Betriebsvorgängen - insbesondere der Zündung |
| CA1001914A (en) * | 1972-11-06 | 1976-12-21 | Edward Mitchell | Mixture control in a stratified charge fuel injection engine |
| US3999532A (en) * | 1973-11-23 | 1976-12-28 | Kornhauser Daniel W | Internal combustion engine fuel system |
-
1974
- 1974-08-19 CA CA207,261A patent/CA1040950A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-20 IT IT26447/74A patent/IT1033088B/it active
- 1974-08-20 GB GB36541/74A patent/GB1484691A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-27 DE DE2440973A patent/DE2440973A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1974-08-29 FR FR7429559A patent/FR2284768A1/fr active Granted
- 1974-10-02 JP JP49113704A patent/JPS5925099B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-09-08 US US05/721,505 patent/US4066046A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4066046A (en) | 1978-01-03 |
| IT1033088B (it) | 1979-07-10 |
| FR2284768B1 (enExample) | 1980-11-21 |
| GB1484691A (en) | 1977-09-01 |
| JPS5115712A (en) | 1976-02-07 |
| FR2284768A1 (fr) | 1976-04-09 |
| DE2440973A1 (de) | 1976-02-19 |
| JPS5925099B2 (ja) | 1984-06-14 |
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