CA1037736A - Sample supply apparatus for automatic analysis systems - Google Patents
Sample supply apparatus for automatic analysis systemsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1037736A CA1037736A CA234,466A CA234466A CA1037736A CA 1037736 A CA1037736 A CA 1037736A CA 234466 A CA234466 A CA 234466A CA 1037736 A CA1037736 A CA 1037736A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- stream
- liquid
- segmented
- take
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus for supplying to a continuous flow analysis system a stream of liquid segmented by segments of fluid immiscible with said liquid, said apparatus comprising a first tube, means for flowing along said first tube a first stream of said liquid segmented by said immiscible fluid, and a second tube having a diameter smaller than that of said first tube, said second tube extending axially into said first tube to receive an axial portion of said first stream of liquid which portion is segmented in a manner similar to and has a volume smaller than said first stream. Also described is a method of obtaining a stream of liquid segmented by an immis-cible fluid for a continuous flow analysis system, comprising the steps of flowing through a first tube a stream of said liquid segmented by segments of said immiscible fluid, locating axially of said first tube a second tube of diameter less than that of said first tube, and withdrawing along said second tube for passage to said analysis system an axial portion of said segmented stream, said portion being segmented in a manner similar to and having a volume smaller than said segmented stream.
An apparatus for supplying to a continuous flow analysis system a stream of liquid segmented by segments of fluid immiscible with said liquid, said apparatus comprising a first tube, means for flowing along said first tube a first stream of said liquid segmented by said immiscible fluid, and a second tube having a diameter smaller than that of said first tube, said second tube extending axially into said first tube to receive an axial portion of said first stream of liquid which portion is segmented in a manner similar to and has a volume smaller than said first stream. Also described is a method of obtaining a stream of liquid segmented by an immis-cible fluid for a continuous flow analysis system, comprising the steps of flowing through a first tube a stream of said liquid segmented by segments of said immiscible fluid, locating axially of said first tube a second tube of diameter less than that of said first tube, and withdrawing along said second tube for passage to said analysis system an axial portion of said segmented stream, said portion being segmented in a manner similar to and having a volume smaller than said segmented stream.
Description
~ 10~7 ~3~
This invention relates to sample supply apparatus for automatic analysis systems.
Automatic liquid analysis systems for selectively treat-ing and analyzing a plurality of liquid samples passed through in seriatim fashion have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Specifications Nos. 2,797,149 and 3,241,432. In such systems, a plurality of liquid samples are introduced successively as a continuous flowing stream into an analysis apparatus, mixed with reagents and analysed for particular . .
~ 10 constituents. The successive liquid samples in the flowing .
stream are separated by at least one air segment of sufficient volume to occlude the conduit along which the stream is directed.
Contamination between successive liquid samples in the flowing stream is prevented or reduced by the presence of the air seg-ments, which function to maintain the successive samples dis-crete and also, to scrub the residue of a previously passed sample from the interior of the conduit.
In the sample supply apparatus described in our ., ~
British Patent Specification No. 978,794 a wash liquid segment is aspirated between successive liquid samples, and air is aspirated between the sample and wash segments. The volumes of successive liquid samples intended for analysis are thus separated by at least a wash liquid segment and two occluding -~
air segments. Each air segment serves to scrub the interior surface wall to remove sample residue therefrom, whereas the following wash liquid segment entrains the dislodged residue. -~
The introduction of the wash liquid segment between successive liquid samples is achieved by providing a wash liquid reservoir into which a sample probe is immersed between immersion thereof in successive liquid samples.
In accordance with one feature of t~e invention, there '4~
db/ -1-:
1~37736 is provided a sample supply apparatus for a continuous flow ana-lysis system, comprising an off-take tube which extends in use axially into another tube, of larger diameter than the off- ~-take tube, through which a main stream of liquid segmented by segments of immiscible fluid is passed in use, the arrangement being such that an axial portion of such a main segmented stream -~
is carried into the off-take tube, wherein said portion is of smaller volume than the main stream, but is segmented by said fluid at intervals substantially the same as the main stream.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, there is provided a sample supply apparatus comprising a as- ~
pirating off-take tube, a carrier for a plurality of liquid ~. .
.. .. .
: sample receptacles, a wash liquid supply device positively :
located relative to said carrier, said device comprising a tube :
. along which wash liquid segmented by immiscible fluid, such as -gas bubbles is passed as a continuous main stream, and means for -moving said probe into and out of said sample receptacles and substantially axially into and out of said tube between succes-sive movements into said sample receptacles, to withdraw an .
axial portion of the segmented wash stream into the off-take :`~.-tube, said portion being segmented in a manner similar to but having a volume smaller than said mainwash stream. .:~
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, :
there is provided a method of obtaining for a continuous flow ; analysis system a stream of liquid segmented by an immiscible fluid, said method comprising the steps of passing a main stream of the liquid segmented by segments of the immiscible through a :
first tube, locating axially of the first tube an off-take -~
tube having a diameter less than that of the first tube, and withdrawing along the off-take tube an axial portion of the seg- ~: ~
mented stream, the portion having a volume smaller than the :
s~3 -db/ -2-- ' ~ ~ - . ' :
~ 037r~t3~i main stream volume but being segmented by the fluid at inter-~ vals substantially the same-as the main stream.
; A sample supply apparatus in accordance with the invention for an automatic analysis system will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of part of the apparatus, and Figure 2 is an enlarged diagrammatic axial section of a wash liquid supply device of the apparatus.
The supply apparatus is generally similar to the sample supply device described in British Patent Specification ~o.
978794, but with the wash receptacle of æaid sample supply device being replaced by the wash liquid supply device illustrated in Figure 2.
~ Briefly, the illustrated sample supply apparatus com-- prises a carrier in the form of a turntable which supports a plurality of removable sample cups 2. The turntable is inter-mittently turned by a suitable drive mechanism (not shown) to present the cups successively to a sample probe or ta~e-off device 3 at a sample supply station 4. The probe is mounted to one side of the cups 2 for lateral movement between a position above the cups 2 and a position above the wash liquid supply device 5 and for up and down movement into and out of the cup at the sample supply station and into and out of the supply device 5.
The wash liquid supply device 5 comprises a conduit 6 - having a U-shaped portion 7, one arm 7A of which has an open frusto-conical end 8 and is supported in an outer casing 9.
Wash liquid W including a wetting agent is pumped a]ong the conduit 6, for example by means of a peristaltic pump ?, . .. .
~ db/ ; ' 1(~37~;3~
and air A or other gas is periodically introduced into the wash liquid through a conduit 10 so that a stream of wash liquid segmented by air passes through the U-shaped portion 7 while maintaining bubble integrity. The periodic introduction of air could for example, be effected using a mechanism such as described in our British Patent Specification No. 1123122.
The probe 3 has a tube 11 which is arranged to extend axially into the arm 7A of the conduit 6 and an outer support 12 which, when the probe i5 inserted in the conduit 6 as illustrated in Figure 2. partially occludes the conduit above the tip of the probe to restrict the flow of wash ],iquid through the conduit 6 beyond the probe tip.
In operation, the probe 3 is connected to the peri-staltic pump and is lowered into a sample cup 2 at the sample ' station to aspirate sample liquid from the cup. After a pre-determined time the probe is lifted out of the cup and moved across to a position above the wash liquid supply device and '' then axially into the arm 7A of the device, the funnel 8 en-suring that the probe is guided axially into the arm 7A. -During the time the probe moves from the sample to the wash , liquid air is aspirated into the probe. The probe aspirates an axial portion of the segmented wash liquid stream for a predetermined time and is lifted back into the next successive sample cup which has been indexed to the sample supply station. ,;-' ~' Successive samples are thus separated by a wash liquid stream ~
.
segmented by a selected number of occluding air bubbles and are passed to the analytical part of the system. The number of air , bubbles in the separating wash liquid stream is controllable and , is a function of the rate at which the air segments are intro-duced into the conduit 6 and the immersion time of the probe in the arm 7A.
; :
.~, db/ "
-: ' :. . - .' , , - , - , ' , , .
--` ~0377'36 The wash liquid stream that is not aspirated into the probe flows beyond the probe tip into the funnel 8 where the air separates from the wash liquid, the latter flowing out through an overflow 13 to waste.
The peristaltic pump may cause pulses in the segmented stream passing through the portion 7 of conduit 6 with the result that the velocity of the stream may be momentarily reduced at predetermined intervals of time. Preferably the air is intro-~:` duced into the stream simultaneously with the pulses occurring to reduce the effect of the pulses. In additi~n the distancebetween the junction of conduits 6 and 10 and the probe tip when inserted in the arm 7A is preferably arranged so that .: .
pulsing of the wash liquid flow does not cause a change in the flow rate when an air bubble is coincident wlth the tip, which would lead to irregular sizes of aspirated air bubbles.
For some applications irregularities which may be caused . by the insertion or withdrawal of the probe in the arm 7A are not critical. However, the speed of the probe may be related to the speed of the air bubbles along arm 7A and the probe may be raised at a time when the tip is immersed in a wash liquid seg-ment to help maintain constant air bubble siæe.
The restriction beyond the probe tip caused in the above described apparatus by the outer support 12 of the probe 3 is sufficient to ensure that the integrity of the air bubbles drawn into the probe 3 is maintained and that the air bubbles in the arm 7A do not simply break up in the region of the probe tip.
The above described apparatus eliminates or reduces carry-over from one sample to the successive sample using a simple and relatively inexpensive wash liquid supply device for segmenting the wash liquid stream. It is particular]y useful in "yes/no" test such as complement fixation tes~s, anti-body screening tests and automated reagin tests.
:`' ?;
- . . ..
db/ -5-
This invention relates to sample supply apparatus for automatic analysis systems.
Automatic liquid analysis systems for selectively treat-ing and analyzing a plurality of liquid samples passed through in seriatim fashion have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Specifications Nos. 2,797,149 and 3,241,432. In such systems, a plurality of liquid samples are introduced successively as a continuous flowing stream into an analysis apparatus, mixed with reagents and analysed for particular . .
~ 10 constituents. The successive liquid samples in the flowing .
stream are separated by at least one air segment of sufficient volume to occlude the conduit along which the stream is directed.
Contamination between successive liquid samples in the flowing stream is prevented or reduced by the presence of the air seg-ments, which function to maintain the successive samples dis-crete and also, to scrub the residue of a previously passed sample from the interior of the conduit.
In the sample supply apparatus described in our ., ~
British Patent Specification No. 978,794 a wash liquid segment is aspirated between successive liquid samples, and air is aspirated between the sample and wash segments. The volumes of successive liquid samples intended for analysis are thus separated by at least a wash liquid segment and two occluding -~
air segments. Each air segment serves to scrub the interior surface wall to remove sample residue therefrom, whereas the following wash liquid segment entrains the dislodged residue. -~
The introduction of the wash liquid segment between successive liquid samples is achieved by providing a wash liquid reservoir into which a sample probe is immersed between immersion thereof in successive liquid samples.
In accordance with one feature of t~e invention, there '4~
db/ -1-:
1~37736 is provided a sample supply apparatus for a continuous flow ana-lysis system, comprising an off-take tube which extends in use axially into another tube, of larger diameter than the off- ~-take tube, through which a main stream of liquid segmented by segments of immiscible fluid is passed in use, the arrangement being such that an axial portion of such a main segmented stream -~
is carried into the off-take tube, wherein said portion is of smaller volume than the main stream, but is segmented by said fluid at intervals substantially the same as the main stream.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, there is provided a sample supply apparatus comprising a as- ~
pirating off-take tube, a carrier for a plurality of liquid ~. .
.. .. .
: sample receptacles, a wash liquid supply device positively :
located relative to said carrier, said device comprising a tube :
. along which wash liquid segmented by immiscible fluid, such as -gas bubbles is passed as a continuous main stream, and means for -moving said probe into and out of said sample receptacles and substantially axially into and out of said tube between succes-sive movements into said sample receptacles, to withdraw an .
axial portion of the segmented wash stream into the off-take :`~.-tube, said portion being segmented in a manner similar to but having a volume smaller than said mainwash stream. .:~
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, :
there is provided a method of obtaining for a continuous flow ; analysis system a stream of liquid segmented by an immiscible fluid, said method comprising the steps of passing a main stream of the liquid segmented by segments of the immiscible through a :
first tube, locating axially of the first tube an off-take -~
tube having a diameter less than that of the first tube, and withdrawing along the off-take tube an axial portion of the seg- ~: ~
mented stream, the portion having a volume smaller than the :
s~3 -db/ -2-- ' ~ ~ - . ' :
~ 037r~t3~i main stream volume but being segmented by the fluid at inter-~ vals substantially the same-as the main stream.
; A sample supply apparatus in accordance with the invention for an automatic analysis system will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of part of the apparatus, and Figure 2 is an enlarged diagrammatic axial section of a wash liquid supply device of the apparatus.
The supply apparatus is generally similar to the sample supply device described in British Patent Specification ~o.
978794, but with the wash receptacle of æaid sample supply device being replaced by the wash liquid supply device illustrated in Figure 2.
~ Briefly, the illustrated sample supply apparatus com-- prises a carrier in the form of a turntable which supports a plurality of removable sample cups 2. The turntable is inter-mittently turned by a suitable drive mechanism (not shown) to present the cups successively to a sample probe or ta~e-off device 3 at a sample supply station 4. The probe is mounted to one side of the cups 2 for lateral movement between a position above the cups 2 and a position above the wash liquid supply device 5 and for up and down movement into and out of the cup at the sample supply station and into and out of the supply device 5.
The wash liquid supply device 5 comprises a conduit 6 - having a U-shaped portion 7, one arm 7A of which has an open frusto-conical end 8 and is supported in an outer casing 9.
Wash liquid W including a wetting agent is pumped a]ong the conduit 6, for example by means of a peristaltic pump ?, . .. .
~ db/ ; ' 1(~37~;3~
and air A or other gas is periodically introduced into the wash liquid through a conduit 10 so that a stream of wash liquid segmented by air passes through the U-shaped portion 7 while maintaining bubble integrity. The periodic introduction of air could for example, be effected using a mechanism such as described in our British Patent Specification No. 1123122.
The probe 3 has a tube 11 which is arranged to extend axially into the arm 7A of the conduit 6 and an outer support 12 which, when the probe i5 inserted in the conduit 6 as illustrated in Figure 2. partially occludes the conduit above the tip of the probe to restrict the flow of wash ],iquid through the conduit 6 beyond the probe tip.
In operation, the probe 3 is connected to the peri-staltic pump and is lowered into a sample cup 2 at the sample ' station to aspirate sample liquid from the cup. After a pre-determined time the probe is lifted out of the cup and moved across to a position above the wash liquid supply device and '' then axially into the arm 7A of the device, the funnel 8 en-suring that the probe is guided axially into the arm 7A. -During the time the probe moves from the sample to the wash , liquid air is aspirated into the probe. The probe aspirates an axial portion of the segmented wash liquid stream for a predetermined time and is lifted back into the next successive sample cup which has been indexed to the sample supply station. ,;-' ~' Successive samples are thus separated by a wash liquid stream ~
.
segmented by a selected number of occluding air bubbles and are passed to the analytical part of the system. The number of air , bubbles in the separating wash liquid stream is controllable and , is a function of the rate at which the air segments are intro-duced into the conduit 6 and the immersion time of the probe in the arm 7A.
; :
.~, db/ "
-: ' :. . - .' , , - , - , ' , , .
--` ~0377'36 The wash liquid stream that is not aspirated into the probe flows beyond the probe tip into the funnel 8 where the air separates from the wash liquid, the latter flowing out through an overflow 13 to waste.
The peristaltic pump may cause pulses in the segmented stream passing through the portion 7 of conduit 6 with the result that the velocity of the stream may be momentarily reduced at predetermined intervals of time. Preferably the air is intro-~:` duced into the stream simultaneously with the pulses occurring to reduce the effect of the pulses. In additi~n the distancebetween the junction of conduits 6 and 10 and the probe tip when inserted in the arm 7A is preferably arranged so that .: .
pulsing of the wash liquid flow does not cause a change in the flow rate when an air bubble is coincident wlth the tip, which would lead to irregular sizes of aspirated air bubbles.
For some applications irregularities which may be caused . by the insertion or withdrawal of the probe in the arm 7A are not critical. However, the speed of the probe may be related to the speed of the air bubbles along arm 7A and the probe may be raised at a time when the tip is immersed in a wash liquid seg-ment to help maintain constant air bubble siæe.
The restriction beyond the probe tip caused in the above described apparatus by the outer support 12 of the probe 3 is sufficient to ensure that the integrity of the air bubbles drawn into the probe 3 is maintained and that the air bubbles in the arm 7A do not simply break up in the region of the probe tip.
The above described apparatus eliminates or reduces carry-over from one sample to the successive sample using a simple and relatively inexpensive wash liquid supply device for segmenting the wash liquid stream. It is particular]y useful in "yes/no" test such as complement fixation tes~s, anti-body screening tests and automated reagin tests.
:`' ?;
- . . ..
db/ -5-
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for supplying to a continuous flow analysis system a stream of liquid segmented by segments of fluid immiscible with said liquid, said apparatus comprising a first tube, means for flowing along said first tube a first stream of said liquid segmented by said immiscible fluid, and a second tube having a diameter smaller than that of said first tube, said second tube extending axially into said first tube to receive an axial portion of said first stream of liquid which portion is segmented in a manner similar to and has a volume smaller than said first stream.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first tube has a U-shaped end portion having two vertical arms, one of said arms being open at its upper end and receiving said second tube.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including sup-port means surrounding said second tube, said support means having a diameter less than that of said first tube and par-tially occluding said first tube to maintain segment integrity.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said immiscible fluid is a gas including a further tube connected to said first tube, and means for introducing said gas inter-mittently into said first tube from said further tube.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said means for introducing said gas is operative to introduce said gas when the end of said second tube is coincident with a liquid portion of said stream in said first tube.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second tube is constituted by a sample off-take tube and said liquid in said first tube is a wash liquid, said apparatus further comprising a liquid sample source and means for moving said probe alternately between said sample source and said first tube.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said first tube has a funnel-shaped opening for guiding and receiving said off-take tube.
8. A sample supply apparatus for a continuous flow analysis system, comprising a carrier for a plurality of liquid sample receptacles, a wash liquid supply means positively located relative to said carrier, said supply means comprising a first tube along which wash liquid segmented by gas is passed as a continuous stream, an off-take tube having a diameter smaller than said first tube, means for moving said off-take tube into and out of said sample receptacles and substantially axially into and out said first tube between successive move-ments into said sample receptacles, and means for withdrawing an axial portion of said segmented wash stream into said off-take tube.
9. A method of obtaining a stream of liquid segmented by an immiscible fluid for a continuous flow analysis system, comprising the steps of flowing through a first tube a stream of said liquid segmented by segments of said immiscible fluid, locating axially of said first tube a second tube of diameter less than that of said first tube, and withdrawing along said second tube for passage to said analysis system an axial portion of said segmented stream, said portion being segmented in a manner similar to and having a volume smaller than said segmented stream.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said stream in said first tube is segmented by the intermittent passage of fluid segments therein simultaneously with the end of said second tube being coincident with a segment of liquid in the first tube.
11. A method of obtaining a stream of liquid sample segmented by wash liquid and gas for continuous flow analysis comprising the steps of continuously flowing through a first tube a stream of wash liquid segmented by said gas, aspirating successive liquid samples through a take-off tube, said take-off tube having a diameter less than that of the first tube and, between successive sample liquid aspirations, inserting said take-off tube axially into said first tube and withdrawing into said take-off tube an axial portion of said segmented wash liquid stream, said axial portion being segmented in a similar manner to and having a volume smaller than the stream in the first tube.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the end of said take-off tube remains in a segment of wash liquid as said take-off tube is withdrawn from said first tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3821274A GB1477199A (en) | 1974-09-02 | 1974-09-02 | Sample supply apparatus for automatic analysis systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1037736A true CA1037736A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
Family
ID=10401993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA234,466A Expired CA1037736A (en) | 1974-09-02 | 1975-08-29 | Sample supply apparatus for automatic analysis systems |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5829464B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE832945A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1037736A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH584895A5 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2283434A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1477199A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1047160B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7510109A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7509700L (en) |
| SU (1) | SU717996A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2185569B (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1989-11-01 | Wessex Instrumentation Limited | Continuous flow analysis |
| WO1989000698A1 (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1989-01-26 | Wessex Instrumentation Ltd. | Continuous flow analysis |
| CN110044657A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-23 | 西派特（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of fluid sample sampler suitable for pipeline spectra collection |
| CN114778868B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-11-22 | 深圳市帝迈生物技术有限公司 | Cleaning method of blood analyzer and blood analyzer |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1375174A (en) * | 1962-09-07 | 1964-10-16 | Technicon Instr | Apparatus for processing solids for analysis |
| US3600953A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1971-08-24 | Technicon Corp | Method and apparatus for the introduction of auxiliary separating fluid in fluid sample analyses means |
-
1974
- 1974-09-02 GB GB3821274A patent/GB1477199A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-08-27 NL NL7510109A patent/NL7510109A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-08-28 CH CH1113875A patent/CH584895A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-08-29 CA CA234,466A patent/CA1037736A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-01 SE SE7509700A patent/SE7509700L/en unknown
- 1975-09-01 BE BE159635A patent/BE832945A/en unknown
- 1975-09-02 SU SU752170511A patent/SU717996A3/en active
- 1975-09-02 IT IT69192/75A patent/IT1047160B/en active
- 1975-09-02 JP JP50105674A patent/JPS5829464B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-02 FR FR7526833A patent/FR2283434A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE832945A (en) | 1976-03-01 |
| IT1047160B (en) | 1980-09-10 |
| FR2283434B1 (en) | 1979-09-14 |
| SE7509700L (en) | 1976-03-03 |
| SU717996A3 (en) | 1980-02-25 |
| JPS5182695A (en) | 1976-07-20 |
| CH584895A5 (en) | 1977-02-15 |
| FR2283434A1 (en) | 1976-03-26 |
| GB1477199A (en) | 1977-06-22 |
| JPS5829464B2 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
| NL7510109A (en) | 1976-03-04 |
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