CA1037316A - Method of loading slabs into vessel - Google Patents
Method of loading slabs into vesselInfo
- Publication number
- CA1037316A CA1037316A CA219,608A CA219608A CA1037316A CA 1037316 A CA1037316 A CA 1037316A CA 219608 A CA219608 A CA 219608A CA 1037316 A CA1037316 A CA 1037316A
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- slabs
- layer
- slab
- hold
- bulkhead
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method of loading a vessel with slabs such as steel blooms or billets comprises the step of loading the slabs into a cargo hold in horizontal layers, the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer generally not being positioned in the same vertical planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of another layer adjacent the layer, at least the uppermost of the layers being restrained from displacement. The slabs may be loaded into a cargo hold in staggered arrangement and in horizontal layers, each slab layer being in intimate contact at its one side with one of opposing bulk-heads of the hold with a space formed between the other side thereof and the other bulkhead of the hold, another slab layer adjoining the layer being in intimate contact at its one side with the second-mentioned bulkhead with a space formed between the other side thereof and the first-mentioned bulkhead.
A method of loading a vessel with slabs such as steel blooms or billets comprises the step of loading the slabs into a cargo hold in horizontal layers, the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer generally not being positioned in the same vertical planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of another layer adjacent the layer, at least the uppermost of the layers being restrained from displacement. The slabs may be loaded into a cargo hold in staggered arrangement and in horizontal layers, each slab layer being in intimate contact at its one side with one of opposing bulk-heads of the hold with a space formed between the other side thereof and the other bulkhead of the hold, another slab layer adjoining the layer being in intimate contact at its one side with the second-mentioned bulkhead with a space formed between the other side thereof and the first-mentioned bulkhead.
Description
~L~373~L~
The pr~sent invention relates to a metho~ of loading blooms, billets, slabs and lik~ semifinished steel products into vessels for carrying these products.
Throughout the specification and appended claims such semi~inished steel product is referred to generally as a "slab".
When transporting slabs as loaded in cargo holds, special consideration must be given to the motion of the vessel owing to waves, particularly to the transverse displacement of slabs due to a marked rolling motion. The steel cargo, if displaced in the hold, strikes the side walls of the hold and exerts a high local impact load thereon, adversely affecting the longitudinal bulk-heads defining the hold and possibly causing damage to the structure of the hull.
The primary object of this invention is to provide a method of loading ~ -slabs into a vessel to prevent the displacement of slabs in the cargo hold and to thereby overcome the problems described above.
This invention provides a method of loading a vessel with slabs compris-ing the steps of loading slabs of identical cross section into a cargo hold in staggered arrangement and in horizontal layers and inserting a Facking into the space in at least the uppermost layer so that at least the uppermost layer is restrained from lateral horizontal displacement, each alternate slab layer being ~;
in intimate contact at one side with one bulkhead of the hold with a space form-ed between the other side o~ said layer and an opposite bulkhead of the hold, adjacent slab layers being in intimate contact at one side with said opposite bulkhead with a space formed between the other side of said adjacent layers and said one bulkhead, so that the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer are not positioned in the same vertical planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of an adjacent layer.
The invention will further be described with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a view in cross section to a cargo hold showing a mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention; -~
Figure 2 is a view in cross section of a cargo hold showing another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention;
,, . . , , , ~
' "''' '' : :
10373~6 Figur~ 3 is a fragmentary enlarged perspective view partly in section and showing the arrangement of packings in Figure ~;
Figures 4 and 5 are perspective views showing other embodiments of the p~cking;
Figure 6 is a perspective view partly in section and corresponding to Figure 3 to show a modification of the pac~ing;
~ igures 7 and 8 are views in cross section of cargo holds respec-tively showing other modes of practicing the slab loading method of this invention;
Figure 9 is an enlarged perspective view showing the restrained upper slab layers illustrated in Figure 8;
Figure 1~ is a view in section of a hold showing another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention;
Figure 11 is a perspective view showing slabs as arranged side by side and raised by a slab loading device;
Figure 12 is an enlarged view in section taken along the line XII-XII in Figure 11; and Figure 13 is a view in cross section of a hold showing the slabs while they are being loaded into the hold.
Figure 1 shows a mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention. In loading slabs into a hold, the slabs are arranged side by side in intimate contact with each other to form a horizontal layer, and similar layers are formed thereon one after another, this invariably leaving spaces or clearances between the layers and the bulkheads. In fact, the loading operation inevitably entails such clearances. In loading slabs S
into a cargo hold 1 according to one mode of the present method, slabs S are first placed on the bottom of the cargo hold 1 in the form of a layer L
which is in intimate contact with a bullchead la on the left side, with a space 2 provided between the layer Ll and a bulkhead lb on the right side.
31LE11;~73~
Subsequently~ a layer L~ of slabs S is formed on the layer Ll~ The layer L2 is in tintimate contact with the right ~ulkhead lb, leaving a space 2 between the left bulkhead la and the layer L2. Like layers Ll in contact with the left bulkhead and like layers L2 in contact with the right bulkhead are there-after superposed alternately to a predeter~ined height. In other words, the slabs S are loaded into the cargo hold 1 in horizontal layers in such manner that each slab layer Ll is in intimate contact at its one side with the bulk-head la of the hold, with the space 2 formed between the other side thereof and the opposing bulkhead lb of the hold 1~ another slab layer L2 adjoining the layer Ll being in intimate contact at its one side with the bulkhead lb, with the space 2 formed between the other side thereof and the bulkhead la.
A packing 3 is inserted into the space 2 formed between the bulkhead la and the side end of the uppermost layer Ln to restrain the layer L from displace-ment. Pieces of wood are used as the packing 3 as arranged in the space 2 at specified ~pacing longitudinally thereofO
When slabs are piled up in straight vertical rows, the motion of the vessel owing to waves produces a straight vertical clearance between the bulkhead and the slabs when the vessel is inclined in one direction, and the subsequent inclination of the vessel in the opposite direction moves the ~labs slabs into striking contact with the bulkhead, with a displacement corres-ponding to the clearance.
In the case where the slabs S are loaded in the hold 1 in stagger-ed arrangement as illustrated in Figure 1, each slab in an upper layer is superposed on two slabs in the lower adjoining layer, with the result that throughout the entire steel cargo in the hold 1, the slabs of each layer restrain the slabs of another adjoining underlying layer by the action of gravity. However3 because the slabs of the uppermost layer Ln are not re-strained under gravity, there is the necessity of inserting the packing 3 in the uppermost space 2 as described above in order to restrain the layer Ln .. . . .
~ 03~3~6 itself. Despite tho presence of the spaces 2 in the layers under the upper-~most layer L ~ all the slabs join~d together in th~ foregoing arrangement are restrained from displacement against the ~otion of the vesse] to render the bulkhead free of impact.
Figures 2 and 3 show another mode of the slab loading method accord according to this invention. All slabs are loaded in the same staggered arrangement as described with reference to Figure 1~ except that packings 4 are inserted into all spaces 2. Theoretically, the slabs loaded in staggered arrangement are prevented from displacement against the motion of the vessel, namely against rolling. The angle of statical friction of slab is generally said to be 30 ~ but experiments have revealed that the angle varies over the range of 20 to 30 . This is attributable to the fact that the slabs manu-factured are not always accurately dimensioned in a rectangular cross section-al shape and also to variations in thickness. If the slab positioned at the side end of a layer has an undulating upper surface or a smaller thiekness than other slabs, the slab will not be fully subjected to the weight of the overlying slab. It is therefore preferable to insert the packings 4 into all the spaces 2 as shown in Figure 2.
The packing 4 comprises a pair of wedge members 5 fitted together, with their inclined inner surfaces opposing each other~ and a tension sprlng 6 obliquely extending over che upper surfaces of the wedge members 5 to connect them together. The outer side surfaces of the assembled wedge members are parallel to each other. The pair of wedge members 5 are fitted together face~to-face by a dovetail joint 7 (Figure 2) against vertical displacement relative to each other. To render the wedge members 5 easily movable away from each other~ the wedge members 5 are each provîded with a knob 8 at one end. The packing 4 can be inserted into the space 2 with ease when the wedge members 5 are pulled in directions opposite to each other to reduce the wldth of the packing 4. After the packing 4 has been placed in position, the wedge ,: , ,. - . ., ,. ,~
373~L6 members 5 clre released from the hand, whereupon the tension spring(i6 brin~s the members 5 toward each other, increasing the wid~h of the p~cking 4. The packing 4 -thus fitted in the space 2 effeectively restrains the slab layer.
A suitable number of packings 4 are arranged in the space 2 as spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the space 2.
Figure 4 shows a modified packing 9 comprising a pair of channel steel members 10~ with their recessed inner surfaces opposing each other~
and compression springs 11. To render the packing 9 conveniently portable, the pair of channel steel members 10 are provided~ on their upper surfaces~
with latches 12 for holding them together close to each other against the action of the springs 11. The packing 9 is brought into the hold 1 and then placed into the space 2~ with the channel steel members 10 held close to each other by the latches 12. When released from the latches 12, the channel steel members 10 are forced away from each other by the spring 11, giving an increased width to the packing 9, whereupon the opposite side surfaces th~re-of come into fitting contact with the slab and bulkhead respectively.
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the packing. The pac~ing 13 illustrated comprises a threaded rod 14 having one half portion 14a and the other half portion 14b which are threaded in opposite directiur~to each other, two nuts 15 screwed on the threaded portions 14a, 14b respectively, a pair of left and right links 16, 17 each pivoted at its one end to the wings of the nuts 15, and a pair of channel steel members 18 having their recessed inner surfaces opposed to each other and respec~ively retaining the links pivotàlly connected thereto each at the other end thereof. Each of the links 16 and 17 includes a pair of link elements connected together and pivoted to the channe~
steel member at the other pivotally connected end of the link. The packing is placed into the space 2, and the screw rod 14 is rotated to advance the two nuts 15 toward each other, whereby the distance between the opposite channel steel members 18 increases to positively restrain the slab layer.
-5_ ~3373~6 l~igure 6 shows another embodiment of the packing. In this case a n~ber of steel tubes 19 are used as the packing. Two ur more kinds of steel tubes~ varying in diameter, are used~ each in a suitable number, so as to completely fill up the space 2 with the tubes. Wires are usable in place of the steel tubes.
i~gure 7 illustrates another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention. Sl~bs S are loaded into the hold in staggered arrangement. Slabs Sl having about one-half the width of usual slabs S are used as packings for filling in the spaces 2. Wedges 21 are inserted into clearances 20 in the uppermost slab layer Ln and in the two layers beneath the layer L to restrain these layers. Theoretically, the wedge 21 may be inserted only into the clearance 20 m the uppermost layer Ln as already ~ ;
described, but it is more preferable to place the wedges 21 into the clear-ances in intermediate layers.
Figures 8 and 9 show another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention. All slabs are loaded in the same staggered arrange-ment as in the foregoing description, except that slabs S2 longer than usual slabs S and in superposed arrangement are each disposed in each of the four upper slab layers including the uppermost slab layer L as well as in each of intermediate two layers. The opposite ends of the longer slabs S2 project from the front and rea~ of the slab layers, and the superposed projections 22 are fastened together by a fastening member 25 at each of the front and rear of the slab layers. The fastening member 25 comprises a wire 24 and a turn-buckle 23 connecting the opposite ends of the wire 24 together in an endless manner. The slabs can then be retained in staggered arrangement in spite of the presence of spaces 2 between the slab layers and the bulkheads. Even when only the slabs S2 in the uppermost layer L and in the adjacent layers immediatèly below that layer are bundled together with the fastening member 25~ all the slab layers can be restrained~ but it is preferable to fasten .:......... . . :
~;~3~6 the slabs in -the ~n~er illustrated in Figure 8 to assure ~ffect:iveness.
Figure 10 shows another mode of practicing the method of this invention. In this case~ two kinds of slabs S3 and S4, different from each other in width~ are prepared for loading. Only the slabs S3 of the smaller width are first placed on the bottom of hold 1 to form a layer L3. Sub-saquently, only the slabs S4 of the larger width are s-uperposed on the layer L3 to form a layer L4. In this way, layers L3 and layers L4 are superposed -~ ~ alternately to a specified height. All the opposite ~h3-e~_ of the slab layers are held in intimate contact with the corresponding bulkheads la and lb respectively. The space 34 resulting from a deficiency of the total sum of widths of the slabs forming each slab layer, based on the width of the hold~ is positioned at an intermediate portion of the layer. The space 34 in the uppermost layer L is filled with a packing 3~ to restrain that layer from displacement. As a result, the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer are not positioned in the same vertical'planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of another adjoining layer, except where the side surfaces of the slabs are in cont-act with the bulkheads la and lb. Three or more kinds of slabs, each varying in width~ are usable. Alternatively~ each layer need not be composed of slabs of the same kind. ; ~' Figures 11 to 13 show a device for loading the foregoing sla'bs into the hold. The device comprises a horizontal rectangular main body 27 suspended from a crane on the wharf and made up of beams 26 Joined together side-'t~-side, rails 28 fixed to the opposite side ends of the main body 27 on its under surface and each in the form of a C-shaped channel member, movable members provided on its opposite sides with rollers 2g rollingly movable on the rails 28, suspending cables 31 downwardly extending from the movable members 30 respectively and disposed at specified spacing, the cables being adapted to be wound up and to be paid out, attracting members 32 each attached to the lower end of the cable 31 and comprising an electro-. .
~a~37;~6 magnet, and guide rollcrs 33 mounted on th~ opposite ends of the rails 28 respectively and partly projectin~ therefrom.
Slabs are loaded into a cargo hold in the following manner~ First, slabs S which are to be loaded at the same time are arranged side by side on the ground (see Figure 11). The horizontal main body 27 is then moved to above the row of the arranged slabs, and the attracting members 32 are opera~
ted to attract the slabs S. The horizontal main body 27 is then raised by the crane to l~ft the slabs S at the same time. The slabs are thereafter shifted horizontally to a position above the cargo hold 1. During this step, 10 the movable members 30 are driven by remote control to eliminate the spaces between the slabs to form a layer of slabs (see Figure 13).
The horizontal main body 27 is thereafter lowered into the hold 1 along the bulkheads la and lb while being guided by the guide rollers 33.
After the main body has been lowered to a predetermined level, the cables 31 are paid out by take-up and paying out means incorporated in the movable members 30 to place the slabs S on the bottom of the hold 1. At this time~
all the movable members 30 are driven rightward to bring the slab layer into contact with the right bulkhead lb. As indicated in the dot~and-dash line in Figure 13~ the next layer is placed in contact with the left bulkhead la. ?
20 In the same manner as above, slabs are subsequently and successively loaded into the hold in horizontal layers in intimate contact, each at one side thereof, with either one of the opposing bulkheads alternately from layer to layer so as to arrange all the slabs in staggered arrangement.
The method in which a plurality of slabs are loaded into the hold at the same time shortens the loading time, consequently reducing the loading cost and quayage to assure inexpensive transport of slabs.
.
The pr~sent invention relates to a metho~ of loading blooms, billets, slabs and lik~ semifinished steel products into vessels for carrying these products.
Throughout the specification and appended claims such semi~inished steel product is referred to generally as a "slab".
When transporting slabs as loaded in cargo holds, special consideration must be given to the motion of the vessel owing to waves, particularly to the transverse displacement of slabs due to a marked rolling motion. The steel cargo, if displaced in the hold, strikes the side walls of the hold and exerts a high local impact load thereon, adversely affecting the longitudinal bulk-heads defining the hold and possibly causing damage to the structure of the hull.
The primary object of this invention is to provide a method of loading ~ -slabs into a vessel to prevent the displacement of slabs in the cargo hold and to thereby overcome the problems described above.
This invention provides a method of loading a vessel with slabs compris-ing the steps of loading slabs of identical cross section into a cargo hold in staggered arrangement and in horizontal layers and inserting a Facking into the space in at least the uppermost layer so that at least the uppermost layer is restrained from lateral horizontal displacement, each alternate slab layer being ~;
in intimate contact at one side with one bulkhead of the hold with a space form-ed between the other side o~ said layer and an opposite bulkhead of the hold, adjacent slab layers being in intimate contact at one side with said opposite bulkhead with a space formed between the other side of said adjacent layers and said one bulkhead, so that the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer are not positioned in the same vertical planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of an adjacent layer.
The invention will further be described with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a view in cross section to a cargo hold showing a mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention; -~
Figure 2 is a view in cross section of a cargo hold showing another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention;
,, . . , , , ~
' "''' '' : :
10373~6 Figur~ 3 is a fragmentary enlarged perspective view partly in section and showing the arrangement of packings in Figure ~;
Figures 4 and 5 are perspective views showing other embodiments of the p~cking;
Figure 6 is a perspective view partly in section and corresponding to Figure 3 to show a modification of the pac~ing;
~ igures 7 and 8 are views in cross section of cargo holds respec-tively showing other modes of practicing the slab loading method of this invention;
Figure 9 is an enlarged perspective view showing the restrained upper slab layers illustrated in Figure 8;
Figure 1~ is a view in section of a hold showing another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention;
Figure 11 is a perspective view showing slabs as arranged side by side and raised by a slab loading device;
Figure 12 is an enlarged view in section taken along the line XII-XII in Figure 11; and Figure 13 is a view in cross section of a hold showing the slabs while they are being loaded into the hold.
Figure 1 shows a mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention. In loading slabs into a hold, the slabs are arranged side by side in intimate contact with each other to form a horizontal layer, and similar layers are formed thereon one after another, this invariably leaving spaces or clearances between the layers and the bulkheads. In fact, the loading operation inevitably entails such clearances. In loading slabs S
into a cargo hold 1 according to one mode of the present method, slabs S are first placed on the bottom of the cargo hold 1 in the form of a layer L
which is in intimate contact with a bullchead la on the left side, with a space 2 provided between the layer Ll and a bulkhead lb on the right side.
31LE11;~73~
Subsequently~ a layer L~ of slabs S is formed on the layer Ll~ The layer L2 is in tintimate contact with the right ~ulkhead lb, leaving a space 2 between the left bulkhead la and the layer L2. Like layers Ll in contact with the left bulkhead and like layers L2 in contact with the right bulkhead are there-after superposed alternately to a predeter~ined height. In other words, the slabs S are loaded into the cargo hold 1 in horizontal layers in such manner that each slab layer Ll is in intimate contact at its one side with the bulk-head la of the hold, with the space 2 formed between the other side thereof and the opposing bulkhead lb of the hold 1~ another slab layer L2 adjoining the layer Ll being in intimate contact at its one side with the bulkhead lb, with the space 2 formed between the other side thereof and the bulkhead la.
A packing 3 is inserted into the space 2 formed between the bulkhead la and the side end of the uppermost layer Ln to restrain the layer L from displace-ment. Pieces of wood are used as the packing 3 as arranged in the space 2 at specified ~pacing longitudinally thereofO
When slabs are piled up in straight vertical rows, the motion of the vessel owing to waves produces a straight vertical clearance between the bulkhead and the slabs when the vessel is inclined in one direction, and the subsequent inclination of the vessel in the opposite direction moves the ~labs slabs into striking contact with the bulkhead, with a displacement corres-ponding to the clearance.
In the case where the slabs S are loaded in the hold 1 in stagger-ed arrangement as illustrated in Figure 1, each slab in an upper layer is superposed on two slabs in the lower adjoining layer, with the result that throughout the entire steel cargo in the hold 1, the slabs of each layer restrain the slabs of another adjoining underlying layer by the action of gravity. However3 because the slabs of the uppermost layer Ln are not re-strained under gravity, there is the necessity of inserting the packing 3 in the uppermost space 2 as described above in order to restrain the layer Ln .. . . .
~ 03~3~6 itself. Despite tho presence of the spaces 2 in the layers under the upper-~most layer L ~ all the slabs join~d together in th~ foregoing arrangement are restrained from displacement against the ~otion of the vesse] to render the bulkhead free of impact.
Figures 2 and 3 show another mode of the slab loading method accord according to this invention. All slabs are loaded in the same staggered arrangement as described with reference to Figure 1~ except that packings 4 are inserted into all spaces 2. Theoretically, the slabs loaded in staggered arrangement are prevented from displacement against the motion of the vessel, namely against rolling. The angle of statical friction of slab is generally said to be 30 ~ but experiments have revealed that the angle varies over the range of 20 to 30 . This is attributable to the fact that the slabs manu-factured are not always accurately dimensioned in a rectangular cross section-al shape and also to variations in thickness. If the slab positioned at the side end of a layer has an undulating upper surface or a smaller thiekness than other slabs, the slab will not be fully subjected to the weight of the overlying slab. It is therefore preferable to insert the packings 4 into all the spaces 2 as shown in Figure 2.
The packing 4 comprises a pair of wedge members 5 fitted together, with their inclined inner surfaces opposing each other~ and a tension sprlng 6 obliquely extending over che upper surfaces of the wedge members 5 to connect them together. The outer side surfaces of the assembled wedge members are parallel to each other. The pair of wedge members 5 are fitted together face~to-face by a dovetail joint 7 (Figure 2) against vertical displacement relative to each other. To render the wedge members 5 easily movable away from each other~ the wedge members 5 are each provîded with a knob 8 at one end. The packing 4 can be inserted into the space 2 with ease when the wedge members 5 are pulled in directions opposite to each other to reduce the wldth of the packing 4. After the packing 4 has been placed in position, the wedge ,: , ,. - . ., ,. ,~
373~L6 members 5 clre released from the hand, whereupon the tension spring(i6 brin~s the members 5 toward each other, increasing the wid~h of the p~cking 4. The packing 4 -thus fitted in the space 2 effeectively restrains the slab layer.
A suitable number of packings 4 are arranged in the space 2 as spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the space 2.
Figure 4 shows a modified packing 9 comprising a pair of channel steel members 10~ with their recessed inner surfaces opposing each other~
and compression springs 11. To render the packing 9 conveniently portable, the pair of channel steel members 10 are provided~ on their upper surfaces~
with latches 12 for holding them together close to each other against the action of the springs 11. The packing 9 is brought into the hold 1 and then placed into the space 2~ with the channel steel members 10 held close to each other by the latches 12. When released from the latches 12, the channel steel members 10 are forced away from each other by the spring 11, giving an increased width to the packing 9, whereupon the opposite side surfaces th~re-of come into fitting contact with the slab and bulkhead respectively.
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the packing. The pac~ing 13 illustrated comprises a threaded rod 14 having one half portion 14a and the other half portion 14b which are threaded in opposite directiur~to each other, two nuts 15 screwed on the threaded portions 14a, 14b respectively, a pair of left and right links 16, 17 each pivoted at its one end to the wings of the nuts 15, and a pair of channel steel members 18 having their recessed inner surfaces opposed to each other and respec~ively retaining the links pivotàlly connected thereto each at the other end thereof. Each of the links 16 and 17 includes a pair of link elements connected together and pivoted to the channe~
steel member at the other pivotally connected end of the link. The packing is placed into the space 2, and the screw rod 14 is rotated to advance the two nuts 15 toward each other, whereby the distance between the opposite channel steel members 18 increases to positively restrain the slab layer.
-5_ ~3373~6 l~igure 6 shows another embodiment of the packing. In this case a n~ber of steel tubes 19 are used as the packing. Two ur more kinds of steel tubes~ varying in diameter, are used~ each in a suitable number, so as to completely fill up the space 2 with the tubes. Wires are usable in place of the steel tubes.
i~gure 7 illustrates another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention. Sl~bs S are loaded into the hold in staggered arrangement. Slabs Sl having about one-half the width of usual slabs S are used as packings for filling in the spaces 2. Wedges 21 are inserted into clearances 20 in the uppermost slab layer Ln and in the two layers beneath the layer L to restrain these layers. Theoretically, the wedge 21 may be inserted only into the clearance 20 m the uppermost layer Ln as already ~ ;
described, but it is more preferable to place the wedges 21 into the clear-ances in intermediate layers.
Figures 8 and 9 show another mode of practicing the slab loading method of this invention. All slabs are loaded in the same staggered arrange-ment as in the foregoing description, except that slabs S2 longer than usual slabs S and in superposed arrangement are each disposed in each of the four upper slab layers including the uppermost slab layer L as well as in each of intermediate two layers. The opposite ends of the longer slabs S2 project from the front and rea~ of the slab layers, and the superposed projections 22 are fastened together by a fastening member 25 at each of the front and rear of the slab layers. The fastening member 25 comprises a wire 24 and a turn-buckle 23 connecting the opposite ends of the wire 24 together in an endless manner. The slabs can then be retained in staggered arrangement in spite of the presence of spaces 2 between the slab layers and the bulkheads. Even when only the slabs S2 in the uppermost layer L and in the adjacent layers immediatèly below that layer are bundled together with the fastening member 25~ all the slab layers can be restrained~ but it is preferable to fasten .:......... . . :
~;~3~6 the slabs in -the ~n~er illustrated in Figure 8 to assure ~ffect:iveness.
Figure 10 shows another mode of practicing the method of this invention. In this case~ two kinds of slabs S3 and S4, different from each other in width~ are prepared for loading. Only the slabs S3 of the smaller width are first placed on the bottom of hold 1 to form a layer L3. Sub-saquently, only the slabs S4 of the larger width are s-uperposed on the layer L3 to form a layer L4. In this way, layers L3 and layers L4 are superposed -~ ~ alternately to a specified height. All the opposite ~h3-e~_ of the slab layers are held in intimate contact with the corresponding bulkheads la and lb respectively. The space 34 resulting from a deficiency of the total sum of widths of the slabs forming each slab layer, based on the width of the hold~ is positioned at an intermediate portion of the layer. The space 34 in the uppermost layer L is filled with a packing 3~ to restrain that layer from displacement. As a result, the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer are not positioned in the same vertical'planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of another adjoining layer, except where the side surfaces of the slabs are in cont-act with the bulkheads la and lb. Three or more kinds of slabs, each varying in width~ are usable. Alternatively~ each layer need not be composed of slabs of the same kind. ; ~' Figures 11 to 13 show a device for loading the foregoing sla'bs into the hold. The device comprises a horizontal rectangular main body 27 suspended from a crane on the wharf and made up of beams 26 Joined together side-'t~-side, rails 28 fixed to the opposite side ends of the main body 27 on its under surface and each in the form of a C-shaped channel member, movable members provided on its opposite sides with rollers 2g rollingly movable on the rails 28, suspending cables 31 downwardly extending from the movable members 30 respectively and disposed at specified spacing, the cables being adapted to be wound up and to be paid out, attracting members 32 each attached to the lower end of the cable 31 and comprising an electro-. .
~a~37;~6 magnet, and guide rollcrs 33 mounted on th~ opposite ends of the rails 28 respectively and partly projectin~ therefrom.
Slabs are loaded into a cargo hold in the following manner~ First, slabs S which are to be loaded at the same time are arranged side by side on the ground (see Figure 11). The horizontal main body 27 is then moved to above the row of the arranged slabs, and the attracting members 32 are opera~
ted to attract the slabs S. The horizontal main body 27 is then raised by the crane to l~ft the slabs S at the same time. The slabs are thereafter shifted horizontally to a position above the cargo hold 1. During this step, 10 the movable members 30 are driven by remote control to eliminate the spaces between the slabs to form a layer of slabs (see Figure 13).
The horizontal main body 27 is thereafter lowered into the hold 1 along the bulkheads la and lb while being guided by the guide rollers 33.
After the main body has been lowered to a predetermined level, the cables 31 are paid out by take-up and paying out means incorporated in the movable members 30 to place the slabs S on the bottom of the hold 1. At this time~
all the movable members 30 are driven rightward to bring the slab layer into contact with the right bulkhead lb. As indicated in the dot~and-dash line in Figure 13~ the next layer is placed in contact with the left bulkhead la. ?
20 In the same manner as above, slabs are subsequently and successively loaded into the hold in horizontal layers in intimate contact, each at one side thereof, with either one of the opposing bulkheads alternately from layer to layer so as to arrange all the slabs in staggered arrangement.
The method in which a plurality of slabs are loaded into the hold at the same time shortens the loading time, consequently reducing the loading cost and quayage to assure inexpensive transport of slabs.
.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of loading a vessel with slabs comprising the steps of loading slabs of identical cross section into a cargo hold in staggered arrangement and in horizontal layers and inserting a packing into the space in at least the uppermost layer so that at least the uppermost layer is restrained from lateral horizontal displacement, each alternate slab layer being in intimate contact at one side with one bulkhead of the hold with a space formed between the other side of said layer and an opposite bulkhead of the hold, adjacent slab layers being in intimate contact at one side with said opposite bulkhead with a space formed between the other side of said adjacent layers and said one bulkhead, so that the side surfaces of the slabs of each layer are not positioned in the same vertical planes as the side surfaces of the slabs of an adjacent layer.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the packing comprises a pair of wedge members fitted together, and a tension spring interconnecting the wedge members and extending over the upper surfaces thereof, the outer side surfaces of the wedge members being positioned in parallel to each other) the opposing inner side surfaces of the same being inclined and fitted together face-to-face by a dovetail joint.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the packing comprises a pair of channel steel members, with their recessed inner surfaces opposing each other, and a plurality of compression springs interposed between the channel steel members.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the packing comprises a threaded rod having one half portion and the other half portion threaded in opposite directions to each other, nuts screwed on both the threaded portions respectively, a pair of right and left links each pivoted at its one end to the nuts, and a pair of channel steel members having their recessed inner surfaces opposed to each other and respectively retaining the links pivotally connected thereto each at the other end thereof, each of the links including a pair of link elements connected together at the other pivotally connected end of the link.
5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the horizontal slab layers to be loaded in a cargo hold are formed by the steps of arranging a required number of slabs side by side on the ground, raising the arranged slabs at the same time by a loading device, and bringing the slabs into intimate contact with each other to form a slab layer while holding the slabs suspended, and the slab loading device comprises a horizontal rectangular main body suspended from a crane, rails fixed to the opposite side ends of the main body on its under surface and each comprising a C-shaped channel member, a required number of movable members each provided on its opposite sides with rollers rollingly movable on the rails, suspending cables downwardly extending from the movable members respectively and disposed at specified spacing in such a manner that they are free to be wound up and paid out, attracting members each comprising an electromagnet, and guide rollers mounted on the opposite ends of the rails respectively and partly projecting therefrom.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1640374A JPS5421629B2 (en) | 1974-02-09 | 1974-02-09 | |
| JP1640274A JPS50111783A (en) | 1974-02-09 | 1974-02-09 | |
| JP4396674A JPS5347997B2 (en) | 1974-04-17 | 1974-04-17 | |
| JP4396774A JPS5341866B2 (en) | 1974-04-17 | 1974-04-17 | |
| JP6106274U JPS514088U (en) | 1974-05-27 | 1974-05-27 | |
| JP6106374U JPS554228Y2 (en) | 1974-05-27 | 1974-05-27 | |
| JP6155474A JPS50152479A (en) | 1974-05-30 | 1974-05-30 | |
| JP6759074U JPS554229Y2 (en) | 1974-06-10 | 1974-06-10 | |
| JP6778774A JPS50159064A (en) | 1974-06-13 | 1974-06-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1037316A true CA1037316A (en) | 1978-08-29 |
Family
ID=27576677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA219,608A Expired CA1037316A (en) | 1974-02-09 | 1975-02-07 | Method of loading slabs into vessel |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU481567B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1037316A (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-02-04 AU AU77858/75A patent/AU481567B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-07 CA CA219,608A patent/CA1037316A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7785875A (en) | 1976-08-05 |
| AU481567B2 (en) | 1977-03-03 |
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