CA1028465A - Carbon fibre composites - Google Patents

Carbon fibre composites

Info

Publication number
CA1028465A
CA1028465A CA176,937A CA176937A CA1028465A CA 1028465 A CA1028465 A CA 1028465A CA 176937 A CA176937 A CA 176937A CA 1028465 A CA1028465 A CA 1028465A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
carbon fibre
fibre composites
composites
carbon
fibre
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA176,937A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew P. Wrzesien
Ian Whitney
Joseph Katona
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyfil Ltd
Original Assignee
Hyfil Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyfil Ltd filed Critical Hyfil Ltd
Priority to CA289,951A priority Critical patent/CA1046750A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1028465A publication Critical patent/CA1028465A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
    • B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
    • B29B15/127—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by spraying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
CA176,937A 1972-07-21 1973-07-20 Carbon fibre composites Expired CA1028465A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA289,951A CA1046750A (en) 1972-07-21 1977-11-01 Carbon fibre composites

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3411472A GB1447029A (en) 1972-07-21 1972-07-21 Carbon fibre composite

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1028465A true CA1028465A (en) 1978-03-28

Family

ID=10361543

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA176,937A Expired CA1028465A (en) 1972-07-21 1973-07-20 Carbon fibre composites

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3971669A (nl)
JP (1) JPS4962768A (nl)
CA (1) CA1028465A (nl)
DE (1) DE2337130A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2196966B3 (nl)
GB (1) GB1447029A (nl)

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GB1490347A (en) * 1974-02-08 1977-11-02 Dunlop Ltd Friction members
US4032607A (en) * 1974-09-27 1977-06-28 Union Carbide Corporation Process for producing self-bonded webs of non-woven carbon fibers
US4080413A (en) * 1975-12-15 1978-03-21 United Technologies Corporation Porous carbon fuel cell substrates and method of manufacture
FR2355936A1 (fr) * 1976-02-03 1978-01-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de fabrication de pieces en tissus tri-dimensionnels
US4571317A (en) * 1976-02-25 1986-02-18 United Technologies Corporation Process for producing binderless carbon or graphite articles
US4124670A (en) * 1976-07-07 1978-11-07 Fansteel Inc. Method of producing a composite high strength to weight structure having a shell and weight controlled cellular core
AU517708B2 (en) * 1978-01-12 1981-08-20 Dunlop Limited Carbon composite brake disc manufacture
US4213930A (en) * 1978-05-24 1980-07-22 Hexcel Corporation Method for increasing the surface tack of prepreg materials
US4297307A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-10-27 Union Carbide Corporation Process for producing carbon-carbon fiber composites suitable for use as aircraft brake discs
JPS56120730A (en) * 1980-02-28 1981-09-22 Toray Ind Inc Carbon fiber for reinforcing polyphenylene sulfide
JPS56129992U (nl) * 1980-02-29 1981-10-02
US4354986A (en) * 1980-03-28 1982-10-19 Kennecott Corporation Process for manufacturing boron nitride fiber mats using a needler
JPS5727746A (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-15 Toho Beslon Co Three dimensional fiber reinforcing composite material and its manufacture
US4532169A (en) * 1981-10-05 1985-07-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. High performance fiber ribbon product, high strength hybrid composites and methods of producing and using same
DE3301345A1 (de) * 1983-01-18 1984-07-19 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur herstellung von wickelkoerpern aus faserverstaerkten thermoplastischen kunststoffen
US4790052A (en) * 1983-12-28 1988-12-13 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Process for manufacturing homogeneously needled three-dimensional structures of fibrous material
FR2584106B1 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1988-05-13 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles par aiguilletage de couches planes de materiau fibreux superposees et materiau fibreux utilise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
FR2584107B1 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1988-07-01 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication de structures de revolution tridimensionnelles par aiguilletage de couches de materiau fibreux et materiau utilise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US4752515A (en) * 1985-06-17 1988-06-21 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Alumina fiber structure
US5882781A (en) * 1986-01-28 1999-03-16 Aerospace Preforms Limited Shaped fibrous fabric structure comprising multiple layers of fibrous material
US5323523A (en) * 1986-01-28 1994-06-28 Aerospace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
US5388320A (en) 1987-01-27 1995-02-14 Aerospace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
GB8602003D0 (en) * 1986-01-28 1986-03-05 Lawton P G Carbonisable fibre assembly
US5705264A (en) * 1987-01-27 1998-01-06 Aerpspace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
US4963215A (en) * 1987-12-07 1990-10-16 The Boeing Company Method for debulking precured thermoplastic composite laminae
DE3742833A1 (de) * 1987-12-17 1989-07-13 Basf Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von faserverbundwerkstoffen
US5334414A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-08-02 Clemson University Process for coating carbon fibers with pitch and composites made therefrom
GB2283764A (en) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-17 Tba Composites Limited Resin and carbon fibre moulding material
FR2717820B1 (fr) * 1994-03-25 1996-05-15 Valeo Matériau de frottement destiné à équiper un dispositif mettant en Óoeuvre un frottement en milieu liquide, ainsi que le procédé de réalisation d'un tel matériau de frottement et du dispositif qui en est équipé .
FR2730727B1 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1997-04-30 Aerospatiale Procede de fabrication de pieces en forme en materiau composite carbone/carbone graphite et pieces ainsi obtenues
JPH08226054A (ja) * 1995-02-22 1996-09-03 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 炭素一次成形体および炭素／炭素複合材の製造法
US5726105A (en) * 1995-04-20 1998-03-10 International Fuel Cells Composite article
US5834114A (en) * 1995-05-31 1998-11-10 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Coated absorbent fibers
FR2757153B1 (fr) * 1996-12-17 1999-03-05 Carbone Ind Procede de fabrication de pieces, notamment de disques de freins, en materiau composite carbone-carbone
US5871844A (en) 1997-04-02 1999-02-16 Fiberite, Inc. Carbon--carbon parts having filamentized composite fiber substrates and methods of producing the same
KR20010032265A (ko) * 1997-11-20 2001-04-16 윌슨 레스터 두안 연속 송풍 방사섬유 수집방법 및 장치
GB0003344D0 (en) * 2000-02-14 2000-04-05 Lotus Car A method of joining a first component of a composite material to a second component of a different material
US6691393B2 (en) 2001-04-09 2004-02-17 Honeywell International Inc. Wear resistance in carbon fiber friction materials
US20040074075A1 (en) * 2001-11-08 2004-04-22 James Mark C. Wear resistance in carbon fiber friction materials
KR100588342B1 (ko) * 2003-11-26 2006-06-12 주식회사 데크 동력전달용 클러치
US20050221087A1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-10-06 James Economy Nanoporous chelating fibers
US20050202241A1 (en) 2004-03-10 2005-09-15 Jian-Ku Shang High surface area ceramic coated fibers
US8060997B2 (en) * 2009-03-04 2011-11-22 Goodrich Corporation Low z preform
FR2949122B1 (fr) * 2009-08-14 2013-02-01 Ferlam Tech Procede de fabrication d'un complexe multiaxial de nappes realisees a partir de cables craques sous forme de bandes et installation de fabrication
KR101481187B1 (ko) * 2009-12-03 2015-01-09 현대자동차주식회사 연료전지용 기체확산층및 그 제조방법
DE102010022168A1 (de) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Daimler Ag Fertigungsvorrichtungen und -verfahren für Faser-Vorformlinge und Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund-Bauteile
FR2962680B1 (fr) * 2010-07-15 2012-08-10 Airbus Operations Sas Procede de fabrication de pieces en materiau composite et pieces ainsi obtenues
CN103429422B (zh) 2011-01-12 2016-08-31 小利兰斯坦福大学理事会 复合叠层结构及其制造和使用方法
DE102013218639A1 (de) * 2013-09-17 2015-03-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundhalbzeuges sowie Faserverbundhalbzeug
JP6577697B2 (ja) * 2014-03-27 2019-09-18 帝人株式会社 炭素繊維フェルト、その製造方法、及び液流通型電解槽
RU2667403C2 (ru) * 2016-08-31 2018-09-19 Акционерное общество "Уральский научно-исследовательский институт композиционных материалов" (АО "УНИИКМ") Углерод-углеродный композиционный материал и способ изготовления из него изделий
WO2021030541A2 (en) * 2019-08-13 2021-02-18 Keith Mcconnell Precision tow impregnation manufacturing system
CN117082796B (zh) * 2023-10-16 2024-03-12 歌尔股份有限公司 电子设备、复合材料壳体及其制备方法

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US3042569A (en) * 1958-11-19 1962-07-03 Theodore R Paul Method of making an unwoven fibrous tape

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1447029A (en) 1976-08-25
DE2337130A1 (de) 1974-01-31
FR2196966B3 (nl) 1979-04-13
JPS4962768A (nl) 1974-06-18
FR2196966A1 (nl) 1974-03-22
US3971669A (en) 1976-07-27

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