BRPI0901244A2 - process for charcoal production using pyrolysis gases - Google Patents

Abstract

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE CHARCOAL WITH THE USE OF PYRÉLYSIS GASES, FOR USE IN CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, REDUCING EMISSIONS considerably and minimizing the environmental impact such as greenhouse effect and acid rain, which was originally elaborated with the aim of improving its use and efficiency in relation to existing ones. The process depends on at least two carbonization furnaces (1) suitably disposed on a furnace (2) for heating the furnaces, each carrying a biomass afterburning duct (3) inside the furnace (2), with a chamber biomass combustion (4); containing ducts (5) to channel the gases generated by the carbonization into the combustion chamber (4), and ducts (6) for exhaust gases from the burning inside the furnace, chimney (7).

Description

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE CHARCOAL FOR THE USE OF PYROLYSIS GASES

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following descriptive report of the present application relates to the development of a process for the production of charcoal using pyrolysis gases for use in the production of charcoal, considerably reducing emissions and minimizing environmental impact such as greenhouse effect and acid rain, to which original elaboration was given, aiming to improve its utilization and efficiency in relation to similar ones.

STATE OF ART

Burning wood and scrap from products containing eIignin cellulose for charcoal production is well documented from prior art.

State-of-the-art searches pertaining to the technical field of the invention have revealed the existence of several patent documents referring to charcoal production processes.

Document BR 0.104.966-6 by LÚCIO et al. (2001) describes a process of carbonization of wood that consists in subjecting it to a heat treatment, at higher temperatures than the environment, in a controlled atmosphere, which must be free of free oxygen. During the carbonization process, there is a decomposition of wood by the effect of temperature resulting in a solid product - charcoal - and detachment of volatile material from which it can be condensed.

CARDOSO (2005) in BR 0.500.043-2 discloses a process for charcoal production, where the biomass is conveyed to the reactor containing pipelines inside, a combustion chamber with the chimney closed on the outside and a skylight. Reactor temperature is monitored by thermocouples with temperatures ranging from 0 to 500 ° C. The end of the process when the chimney temperature is around 380 ° C.

Another process for producing charcoal is described by ROCHAet al. (2006) in BR 0.604.076-4, revealing continuous production of charcoal and its derivatives from polydisperse biomass organic residues using pyrolysis or carbonization technology.

A process of producing charcoal using crop residues is described in BR 9,201,342-2 by partial pyrolysis in masonry kilns.

In a continuous reactor is described the process of obtaining charcoal with the use of combustible gases, resulting from the pyrolysis of vegetable matter as a heat source for the process, shown in BR 9.802.964-9 by LÚCIO et al. (1998). In the process, the constituents of volatile products are burned in an independent chamber to generate the heat required for the process. As a result, burning of part of the wood is avoided and pollutant condensable products are not released into the atmosphere. The reactor allows precise control of the process, thus obtaining the desired fixed carbon content, and a higher carbonization yield.

Still by Lúcio et al. (1998) has in BR 9.806.361-8 an eforno process for the destructive distillation of the wood aiming to obtain the vegetal coal or recovery of the volatile wood products, or to obtain the anhydrous wood. The wood carbonization process consists of subjecting it to heat treatment at temperatures higher than the environment, in a controlled atmosphere, if possible free of free oxygen.

ART PROBLEMS

Masonry furnaces called "Hot Tail" generate many gases such as CO, CO2, H2, CH4, gaseous hydrocarbons, tar vapors, demethanol, acetic acid, etc. Only methane (CH4) these furnaces release 45 to 50 kg / ton of charcoal produced.

PROPOSED SOLUTION

In view of these problems and for the purpose of overcoming them, a process for the production of charcoal using pyrolysis gases, which is the object of the present invention, has been developed, which consists in improving its efficiency.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

The characterization of the present patent application is made by means of a representative design of the process for producing charcoal with use of pyrolysis gases, such that the process can be fully reproduced by suitable technique, allowing full characterization of the functionality of the claimed object.

From the elaborated figure that expresses the best way or preferential way of realizing the product now idealized, is based the descriptive part of the report, through a detailed and consecutive numbering, where it clarifies aspects that can be understood by the adopted representation, in order to clearly determine the protection now claimed. This figure is merely illustrative and may vary as long as they do not escape the initially claimed.

In this case we have to:

- Figure 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the process developed.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

The schematic process consists of at least two carbonization furnaces (1) properly arranged on a furnace (2) for heating the furnaces, each with a biomass afterburning duct (3) in the furnace interiord (2), with a biomass combustion (4); containing ducts (5) to channel the gases generated in the carbonization into the combustion chamber (4), with ducts (6) for exhaust gases from burning inside the furnace, chimney (7).

To carry out the proposed process, the wood to be carbonized is placed inside the carbonization furnace (1) and heating is carried out by burning biomass in the combustion chamber (4), generating sufficient heat to heat the furnace to temperatures above 600 ° C. ; The generated heat is conducted through the duct (3) into the furnace, then heating the furnace and then released through the duct (6) to the chimney (7) to be expelled into the atmosphere. With the heating of the wood inside the oven (1), the wood will carbonize and consequently the release of combustible gases, water vapors, CO2, all these vapors and gases are channeled through the pipeline (5) to the combustion chamber. (4) to be consumed together with abiomass, generating additional heat for furnace heating, in a process of almost self-feeding. After the carbonization of the first furnace is finished, gases from the interior of the furnace (1), burned together with the biomass, are used to start heating a second furnace coupled to the same combustion chamber; In such a way by a closing system, the first furnace ceases to heat and the heat passage to a second oven is opened, this process causes the biomass combustion chamber (4) never to cool. The process comprises as many furnaces as can be coupled to the same combustion chamber, and the process follows in the same way, after the carbonization of one furnace, the heating of the adjacent furnace with the gases from the other furnace begins; until the first furnace cools down and then burns biomass to continue heating until it generates fuel gas to almost self-heat the system, the system runs in a closed loop. And so it follows alternately without stopping. This procedure makes the combustion chamber never cool, increasing the burning efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. - Process for the production of charcoal for the pyrolysis gases, characterized by the fact that the heating is performed by burning biomass in the combustion chamber (4), generating enough heat to heat the oven to temperatures above 600 ° C; The heat being generated is passed through the duct (3) into the furnace, then heating the oven and then released through the duct (6) to the chimney (7) to be expelled into the atmosphere. 2. The process for producing charcoal for the use of pyrolysis gases according to claim 1 and characterized in that the fuels, water vapors, CO2, all these vapors and gases are channeled through the duct (5) to the heating chamber. combustion (4) to be consumed together with the biomass, generating additional heat for furnace heating. 3. A process for producing charcoal for the use of pyrolysis gases according to claim 1 and characterized in that the gases from the interior of the furnace (1), burned together with the biomass, are used to initiate the heating of a second coupled furnace. in the same combustion chamber; In such a manner by a closing system, the heating of the first furnace ceases and the heat is opened to a second furnace, this process ensures that the biomass combustion chamber (4) never cools. 4. claim not available in original document. 5. The process for producing charcoal for the use of pyrolysis gases according to claim 1 and characterized in that the process comprises as many ovens as can be coupled to the same combustion chamber. 6. A process for producing charcoal for the pyrolysis gas utilization according to claim 1 and characterized in that once the carbonization of one furnace is completed, the adjacent furnace heats up with the gases from the other furnace; until the first furnace cools down and then proceeds with the burning of biomass to continue heating until this furnace generates combustible gas for the system to operate in a closed loop. 7. A process for the production of charcoal for the use of pyrolysis gases according to claim 1 and characterized in that it consists of at least two carbonization ovens (1) suitably arranged on a furnace (2) for heating all the ovens. of them biomass afterburning duct (3) in the furnace interiord (2), with biomass combustion chamber (4); containing ducts (5) to channel the gases generated in the carbonization into the combustion chamber (4), with ducts (6) for exhaust gases from burning inside the furnace, chimney (7).