BRPI0506220B1 - Endemic and trap monitoring and control system with attractive synthetic egg-catching mosquitoes - Google Patents

Description

“ENDEMIA MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC OVIPOSITION ATTRACTIONS FOR CATCHING”.

TECHNICAL STATE A - Among the Health Sciences, it stands out, because its object is the collective, Public Health and in this, with great relief, Epidemiology because it refers to diseases whose etiologies have particular dynamics. The descent of man receives two inheritances: - the genetic heritage and that of culture.

According to Ralph Linton “… without man there would be no culture but without culture there would be no man.” Culture is (also) a prediction for effective control; "It is better to be safe than sorry," says the wisdom of the people. Man's genetic heritage has provided, since its inception, its ability to survive the various epidemics. It is proper for them to arrive by surprise and spread at great speed, like the Great Medieval Pests, which struck Man at a time in his history when he had no culture capable of making predictions, nor of performing preventive or curative actions. It is understandable, therefore, that Humanity sought to understand these tragedies beyond the first interpretations that considered them as "divine punishments", that is, sought to do Science. It is culture that has enabled man to act on his own immune system and create vaccines, serums and defenses against environmental aggressions and even self-harm.

It can also be said that Culture is the sum of technologies that allow six billion men to share the Earth and the presence of their fellow men. B - Epidemiology: - Endemics, Epidemics, Pandemics.

In Public Health, the acts of the Health Sciences do not only apply to a patient in isolation, but to the whole of society, to stop the spread of evil, to cure the infected group, to preserve the unaffected group. and prevent evil from returning, all as quickly as possible; hence the relief of Epidemiology.

Thus, it is not enough to have medical and scientific knowledge; For its social effectiveness it must be quickly transformed into action for the whole of society.

The key concepts are: - for the entire population, forecast early enough for effective measures, preventive and curative measures, and swift action. The idea of foresight / prevention is evident as a way of avoiding or minimizing the harm of what may be inevitable each season: - To this day, a cyclone cannot be prevented from happening, but it can be reasonably foreseen in advance. protect themselves - or run away - and reduce the number of victims. Public Health well portrays the slow historical journey of man towards the distribution of the fruits of knowledge among all men: - even if ancient knowledge could have prevented, avoided and even cured great evils, this knowledge was not put into practice by the society of. so to protect all men.

Historical records report that Cleopatra (10 BC), following the advice of court physicians, was inoculated by the exudates of the sores from the hands of cattle herders to protect themselves from smallpox, endemic in Egypt. The proof that this technique was already well known at that time is that the queen ordered the inoculation to be done in a deep intercrural region so that the scars of the process were quite particular in scope.

This same resource was later brought to light - it is unknown whether by historical culture or personal observation - by a modest inland English clinician of the early eighteenth century by the name of Jenner, who had told his contemporaries that he could rid them of ills of severe smallpox by the production of attenuated smallpox, as Cleopatra had done.

Because this prevention came from the cow, the process took its name from the Latin term, vaccine.

More than 20 centuries have passed between these events, in which smallpox killed millions of people and left so many disfigured. It was a powerful and very cheap technology, at hand, of negligible cost, spectacular benefits, and yet it was not put to the service of the people, although it was the inspiring source of Pasteur, who in search of the “ attenuated lint virus ”developed the rabies vaccine.

Currently, universal and mandatory vaccination for various diseases is one of humanity's greatest social achievements.

In Public Health, knowledge has to be put in place to benefit everyone; and since it is everyone's, what belongs to the public, the public thing, the public res, this is the first commitment of the modern state: - the obligation to guarantee everyone the right to life.

In other words, science is worth nothing if it is not put into practice a. time to benefit everyone, that is, if it is not transformed into technology in the service of all.

The first two “epidemics” overcome by the combination of the generation of scientific knowledge and its immediate implementation by the social fabric, were the result of state action and attacked not the man, but the vines and the sheep herd.

French government researcher Luiz Pasteur was asked to intervene to prevent the collapse of the French wine industry in the 19th century, whose vines had been attacked by a sudden and massive proliferation of the Philloxera vitifoliae homoptera, which not only destroyed the plants but contaminated the fruits, causing the natural fermentation not to stop at the point of producing only alcohol, but going beyond, to the acetic level, which caused serious economic crisis. The effects of Pasteur's intervention made him a national hero: - popular knowledge had pointed him to the vector - the insect - he identified the organism that produced the acetic fermentation, indicated the extermination of the insect and the sterilization of equipment, dispelling evil.

The second time Pasteur also successfully acted upon the plague that decimated the sheep; He identified the agent - the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, and advocated not curing the contaminated herd but eradicating it, burning it, and burialing the carcasses so that the contamination would not spread. C - Fundamental technical concepts of the State of Public Health Technique.

The preceding introductory conceptualizations establish the concept that Public Health is a set of Health Sciences - generated in any form - placed at the service of Society; Science put into practice is Technology. Public Health Technology has two inseparable faces: - the first, the face of scientific knowledge; the second, the face of political will and social action technologies.

Scientific knowledge is responsible for understanding and pointing out ways to predict, prevent and operate solutions for the cure of the established. The social action is responsible for providing education and cooperation on hygiene standards, in short, public action to follow the dictates of scientific knowledge. The evolution of the state of the art takes place sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other, sometimes both simultaneously. It is naive to believe that once the ills of endemics and the advantages of hygiene have been demonstrated, the population is inclined to observe them. The devastating AIDS epidemic in Africa could be simply and economically prevented by mere mass communication advocating the use of very cheap condoms. However, although the disease agent is known - a virus - its vector is man, its predominant form of transmission is the conscious and voluntary sexual act, the second face of public health fails and the epidemic continues.

Generally, after scientists have identified the source of the evils and pointed the way to their cure, if there is political will, simple attitudes are of enormous consequence. The elimination of endemic goiter in the Brazilian Midwest came with legislation requiring the addition of iodine to table salt; The incidence of childhood caries has been greatly reduced by the simple gargling with sodium fluoride given in primary schools. It is important to note that the Public Health bonus implies the burden of individual commitment to hygiene rules. What good is it for an individual to keep his home free from endemic mosquito larvae if the neighbor does not?

It is up to the State to respond with Education and force action, in cases of serious threat to all. D - Other contributions to the State of the Art. Restricting ourselves to Epidemiology for human application, it is important to define some concepts: 1st - Regarding the dynamic meaning of the terms: Endemic - a disease that constantly exists in a certain place, hidden or manifest.

Epidemic - aggravation outbreak of an endemic.

Pandemic. - Large epidemic regarding number of affected and / or affected area.

An out-of-control endemic can progress to epidemic and reach pandemic dimensions. 2nd - Regarding the basic differences between endemics caused by organisms and environmental factors and the forms of contagion: An endemic may be due to non-living environmental agents, such as skin cancer on the European immigrant population in sunny mountains of the southern state of Espirito Santo, the nutritional deficiency of iodine, or nutritional deficiency of fluoride, which causes a greater vulnerability of dental enamel to the action of commensal oral flora. They are diseases that are not transmitted by vectors or human contacts, that is, that do not spread.

The next two types are the most dangerous because they spread easily.

In the case of organisms whose populations spread by direct contamination among humans, the hygienic, environmental, social and cultural factors predominate as the cause of propagation, the same being true for obtaining control, since there is no exclusive vector beyond the acts of social life. .

In endemics that need vectors to propagate, notably hematophagous arthropods - and among them, insects - the laws of their propagation are more subject to the laws of population dynamics.

These laws of population dynamics from the mid-1970s were enriched by Chaos Mathematics.

Chaos mathematics is modern mathematics that deals with the phenomena of nature in which a slight change in the initial conditions produces immeasurably large results.

Early mathematicians liked to refer to this feature as "the butterfly that flaps wings in the Asian jungles today can cause tomorrow's cyclone on the shores of North America."

Something like - possibly - the Black Death of European medieval: - the fleas of a diseased rat that arrived on a ship contaminated the other mice in the port's grain depots. Then they went to the inns, the churches, the travelers, and a month later to the whole of Europe, with millions of victims.

We cite this fact to highlight the “explosive potential” inherent in population dynamics when we refer to endemics caused by microorganisms; more information can be found at William M.

Schaffer and Mark Kot in “Nearly One-Dimensional Dynamics in Epidemic,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, 112 (1985) and numerous other references cited in CAOS, James Gleick, Campus Publisher, (1989) 12th Edition, p. 76/77.

Briefly, for each case, the State of the Art in Epidemiology has a historical practice, has an arsenal of distinct resources, and is fundamentally conceptual.

It consists of the elements listed below: 1 ° - of a scientific knowledge, 2a- a social knowledge capable of generating the conditions for this scientific knowledge to be effectively applicable to the whole society, 3o- of the coordination of this scientific knowledge with the knowledge of social actions for the constant prevention until the total control or elimination of the disease and for the exercise of cure and isolation interventions in manifest cases, 4- of the capacity of the scientific and social knowledge group to be able to preventively identify the hatching seasonality or extemporaneous emergencies of endemics at the first signs, 5 ° ability to act quickly, 6 ° - to be economically bearable by society, DETAILED DESCRIPTION The patent and / or epidemic monitoring and control system, described above, consists of advances in the State of the Art in all its elements described above - as will be shown - and is composed of: vector capability capable of being exercised at any of the significant steps in their biological cycle; 2 - A standardized process for quantifying and establishing the degree of vector infestation that generates standardized reports; 3 - A data transmission system that uses telecommunications, tele-location and computer resources for immediate communication of the data generated by the analysis of the captured vectors to a computerized central; 4 - A software - and its respective database - which is updated with each new data input, capable of issuing alarms and exit reports and forwarding them, by telecommunications systems, to the relevant places and social instances, advocating public health attitudes. 5 - The software's ability to incorporate epidemic histories into its database and to monitor the climatic conditions conducive to the outbreak of endemics and medical-hospital demands and to “learn” from the episodes processed in a continuum of Public Health technology creation.

Advances in the state of the art and their social advantages are briefly as follows: 1 - As for capture: it uses safe, economic, high specificity traps, extremely easy to be operated by small health agents. degree of professional specialization and low operational cost, advancing on the first element of the State of the Art, as it consists of new scientific knowledge and also on the sixth, because it is more economical than the previous processes in use. 2 - Regarding the high operational speed: - given that the collected data are standardized and immediately transmitted, whether by voice or text cellular telephony, conventional voice telephony, internet, or radio-mobile units, the necessary measures can be taken with speeds compatible with the high speeds of telecommunications and information technology, which greatly minimizes social damage and produces major public health savings, thereby innovating notably in the fifth element of the state of the art by incorporating the speeds of telecommunications systems and practice, which automatically innovates on the sixth element, on costs. Unlike paper reports, long, fragmented, expensive and bureaucratic trajectory, while more citizens are affected, the use of the telecommunications system is enough. 3 - Regarding the formation and diffusion of technology in Public Health: - The experiences can be immediately shared with other research and action centers with continuous and economic improvement, thus advancing the State of the Art, especially regarding the second, third, fourth, fifth. and sixth elements. 4 - Regarding safety: - notwithstanding all prevention and endemic eradication efforts, they can erupt at any time and as their social and economic costs will be reduced as soon as they are detected, the system is always alert, monitors, medical-hospital demands - especially the extemporaneous ones - climatic conditions, and cycles of variation of the vector populations and acts, or not, as programmed, promptly on first suspicions. Being a Public Health system, with huge commitments to society, it investigates suspicions until confirmed or discarded, thus advancing the State of the Art jointly in all its six elements.

Techniques for capturing vector mosquitoes have been further developed and are described in modern documents W02000 / 59300 and W01999 / 026471, both under the same title, “Insect Trap”. In addition to the above documents, the holder of this patent himself is the inventor of patent application No. PI0203907-9, "MOSQUIT CATCHING TRAP" filed on 05/09/2002.

Public health experts consider diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis and many others to be “endemic”, ie their pathogens resist human attacks and survive, whether in infected men or animals and have explosive potential. spreading and could eventually become an epidemic as soon as human efforts fail and the vector population grows.

Thus, in order for such endemics to remain at insignificant levels and have no possibility of becoming epidemics, the most effective action is the control of the vector population, which can be greatly aided by the participation of the population by simple actions, such as destroying reservoirs with water, such as old tires, bottles, etc.

Although simple and notwithstanding the efforts of health authorities through the mass media, the above measures are not always optimized and often the country is startled by news of another outbreak.

For the effectiveness of control over the vector insect population to be more effective it is necessary to monitor the risk sites and this should be done by placing traps for such insects and periodically analyzing the number of captured insects whose data are processed with computer resources, in parametric comparisons, which have the power to trigger the public endemic control system and act quickly to prevent the spread of the disease. The key word of the process is revealed and highlighted: - Methodical capture of vector insects, entry point into the computerized system, “in-put”, sine qua non condition of scientifically based actions. And this is exactly where the weakness of the State of the Capture Technique, which the “TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTIONS FOR MOSQUITO CAPTURE” comes to advance.

This advance in the State of the Art is the result of years of research and is based on voluminous experimental work and means to obtain the maximum efficiency in capturing pregnant females of hematophagous mosquitoes, that is, it means obtaining reliable numbers, which is not achieved. by the current state of the art.

In fact, if insect capture traps are poorly functioning and capture fewer individuals than they could be caught, this implies falsified data for subsequent processes, which includes the most severe and capable of generating the most disastrous results that can be achieved. is to underestimate the population of insect vectors. It is important to remember that all State of the art traps consist of containers that can hold a certain volume of water at the bottom and glued or other devices that can capture females looking for these ecological micro-niches - dark places with water - for oviposition.

Traps can be designed to allow both oviposition - and egg counting - as well as to capture adult winged insects. ADVANCES IN THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE PRODUCED BY THE "TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTIONS FOR MOSQUITO CATCHING". The present patent advances the state of the art by the following innovative features: 1 - By the size of the trap: - has the optimal experimental volume of two liters; 2 - By the volume of water contained: - preferably contains about 10% of its volume of water in its interior, which allows to space the visits of field researchers for periods of thirty days, which generates huge savings in the monitoring system; Its design has a hole at the correct height so that it cannot be filled with larger water volume than designed without reaching such hole and excess water flows out of it; 3 - By the trap geometry: - has such shape and accessories that totally prevent the evasion of females that enter it, which means that it presents reliable results on the population density of the vectors; the excluder screen prevents the winged insects that penetrate it from being able to make their way back and the adhesive-surface cylinder imprisons them as soon as they land to lay eggs; 4 - By the use of chemical attractants - it attracts the vectors intensely during the whole operation time because it uses chemical attractants, immersed in specific resins, for slow release and in a level compatible with the complex vector ethology and physiology, that is, the release of Attractive chemicals are slow, steady and controlled; it is neither excessive nor insufficient, which would, respectively, push the vectors away or attract them properly, with serious distortions in the results. 5 - Because it is durable and economical - it has design features that make them easily assembled and dismountable and with the parts nestable together, radically reducing transportation and storage costs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure '1 is a diagram of "ENDEME MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM" and / or epidemics. 1. vector capture devices 2. standard captured vector evaluation method 3. standardized / coded vector capture reporting system 4. standardized and coded reports adapted to various forms of remote transmission 5. data belonging to the public telecommunications system or particular mobile radio system 6. data entry system 7. and 7A - complementary system information sources 8. software + database 9. output system Figure 2 is a front view “ exploded "from the trap (10) used in the ENDEMENT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM, the upper cup (11), the lower cup (12), which can be fitted for economy in transport and storage, the funnel with the exclusion screen (13) , the composition rings (14), the adhesive card roll (15), the level control hole (16) and the upper opening (17), the lower cup (12) of this Figure 2 shows This partial section is illustrated to illustrate the slow-release resin-embedded attractive (18) and the support (19) for said attractive (18). The “MOSQUITO CATTLE WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTION TRACKS” (10) is preferably made of a matt black PVC polymer which, according to experiments, should preferably have two liters of robust internal volume designed to have a long service life and contain in the lower cup (12) approximately 10% of the total volume in water.

It works as follows: - Pregnant females of blood-eating mosquitoes have moisture sensors that make them find water deposits for oviposition; Once she finds them, she instinctively chooses the most hidden and discreet. Thus, the presence of water in the device is in itself attractive to the insect, which is reinforced by the presence of the attractive slow-release resin inlay (18) attached to the bracket (19) of the “TRAP WITH ATTRACTIONS”. oviposition products for mosquito capture ”(10).

Thus, attracted by the presence of water and the correct dose of attractive slow-release resin inlay (18), which evaporates and reaches the vicinity of the device and without being repelled by strong colors, the female finds the upper opening (17), at which maximum concentrations of moisture and attractive embedded in slow release resin (18) and penetrate the trap are maximum, having its obligatory path defined by the funnel with exclusion screen (13), which continues by the adhesive cardboard cylinder (15), being the last two parts held in place by the positioning rings (14) which facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the device, for replacement of the adhesive card roll (15) and the attractive slow-release resin insert (18) and for water replacement for a new capture cycle.

Thus, attracted by the defining elements of its behavior - water and attractive in discreet environments - the internal shape of the device forces the pregnant blood-sucking female to penetrate the airspace of the adhesive cardboard cylinder (15), on the walls from which it rests. for oviposition and where it is captured by the glue in it.

The dimensions and shapes of the device are such that they cannot make their way back inside the adhesive cardboard cylinder (15) towards the upper opening (17) if they decide to leave the site and run into the walls of the space provided. where they stick together.

Thus, the high power of attraction and capture make the conception of the “TRAP WITH MOSQUITO CATTLE ATTACKS” (10) materialize in a device whose innovation is confirmed by the efficiency in achieving the ends for which they are intended. as shown in the following Tables, which are part of the scientific research that underpinned the innovative actions that guided its construction, which optimizes all influential factors in the capture of pregnant females from blood-sucking mosquitoes. “TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTIONS FOR MOSQUITO CATCHING” (10) can be operated for at least 30 days. Table 2 below shows the evaporation profile of the slow-release resin inlay attractive (18), which shows that immediately after its placement in the device and for about five days it exhales intensely to thereafter achieve a minimum evaporation rate, but according to the optimum capture parameters. The intense initial evaporation is beneficial to the process because, as the device is placed in hidden and discreet locations, sheltered from wind currents, the attractive reaches large areas with the consequent increase of its power to attract insects. Table 3 below shows the positive effects of attractant placement compared to the presence of pure water only. Table 4 below demonstrates the increased trap capture efficiency of hematophagous mosquitoes in pregnant females caused by two of the components of the slow-release resin inlay attractive (18), namely decanal and nonanai, when compared with the old method. , which used fermented grass infusion. Table 5 below shows the superiority of the capture power of the trap object of this patent compared to the former small volume experimental traps. Table 6 below shows the great superiority of the trap object of this patent when compared to the old experimental traps that do not have the funnel with the exclusion screen (13). The chemical composition of the attractant is a mixture in various proportions of nonanal and decanal, embedded in polymeric resins that do not repel female mosquitoes and thus form the attractive inlay of slow release resin (18).

The “TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTIONS FOR MOSQUITO CATCHING” (10) perfectly simulates the preferred “in natura” oviposition sites of pregnant females of the genera Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Lutzomyia, dengue and yellow fever vectors, West Nile, malaria and leishmaniasis, respectively .: "" TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTIONS FOR MOSQUITO CATCHING "(10) can be used for both endemic monitoring purposes required for public health management and for defensive purposes, when applied to the capture of hematophagous pregnant females from mosquitoes transmitting the pathologies, in domestic, commercial, industrial or public environments.

Claims (9)

1. “ENDEME MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM”, consisting of vector capture devices, standard captured vector evaluation method, standardized / coded vector capture reporting system, standardized and coded reports adapted to various forms remote transmission, set of data transmission means belonging to the public telecommunications system or particular mobile radio system, data entry system and complementary information sources of the system, software + database and output system. 2. "ENDEME MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM" according to claim 1, characterized in that the vector capture devices are such that they can be performed at any significant step in the biological cycle thereof. "ENDEMIA MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM" according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a standardized process for quantifying and establishing the degree of vector infestation that generates standardized reports. 4. "ENDEMICS MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM" according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a data transmission system that utilizes telecommunications, tele-location and computer resources for immediate communication of data generated by the analysis of the data. vectors captured to a computerized plant. 5. "ENDEME MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM" according to claim 1, characterized in that the software - and its respective database - which updates with each new input entered - is capable of issuing alarms and output reports and forwarding them. , by the telecommunication systems, to the places and social instances concerned, advocating attitudes of Public Health. 6. "ENDEME MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM" according to claim 1, characterized in that the software incorporates epidemic histories into its database and monitors climatic conditions conducive to endemic outbreaks and medical-hospital demands. 7. “economical and durable, easily assembled, dismountable, rechargeable, transportable and storable construction“ trap with synthetic fly trapping ”, intended for the methodical capture of vector insects, entry points into computerized control systems or It is not especially indicated for the capture of hematophagous pregnant females of Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Lutzomyia mosquitoes, dengue and yellow fever vectors, West Nile virus, malaria and leishmaniasis, respectively, which remain in operation without the need for recharging services for about thirty days, preferably having a shape and volume of approximately two liters, containing in the lower cup (12) approximately 10% of the total volume in water which is mounted with the upper cup (11) which inside have funnel with exclusion screen (13) and positioning rings (14), and the adhesive cardboard cylinder ( 15) arranged vertically and occupying the inner central area of the trap, further having a level control hole (16) in said lower cup (12) and opening (17) in said upper cup (11), the attractive one (18) ) embedded in slow release resin in the receptacle (19) of said lower cup (12). 8. “TRAP WITH SYNTHETIC MOSQUITO CATCHING OVIPOSITION TRAPS” according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper cup (2) and the lower cup (3) are nestable and stackable, preferably made of polyurethane polymer. Black PVC, matte. 9. "TRACK WITH SYNTHETIC ATTRACTIONS FOR MOSQUIT CATCHING" according to claim 7, characterized in that the dechannel and nonanal components used as attractive are embedded in the slow release resin (9).