BR9205586A - Compositions of lubricating oil and grease. - Google Patents

Compositions of lubricating oil and grease.

Info

Publication number
BR9205586A
BR9205586A BR9205586A BR9205586A BR9205586A BR 9205586 A BR9205586 A BR 9205586A BR 9205586 A BR9205586 A BR 9205586A BR 9205586 A BR9205586 A BR 9205586A BR 9205586 A BR9205586 A BR 9205586A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
compositions containing
grease
compositions
mmwp
Prior art date
Application number
BR9205586A
Other languages
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Pieter Jan Dirk Muntz
Original Assignee
Pieter Jan Dirk Muntz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pieter Jan Dirk Muntz filed Critical Pieter Jan Dirk Muntz
Publication of BR9205586A publication Critical patent/BR9205586A/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/02—Natural products
    • C10M159/04—Petroleum fractions, e.g. tars, solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
    • C10M101/025—Petroleum fractions waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
    • C10M127/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon well-defined aliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2290/00—Mixtures of base materials or thickeners or additives
    • C10M2290/02—Mineral base oils; Mixtures of fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)

Abstract

The specification describes lubricating oil compositions containing a medium molecular weight paraffin (MMWP). The medium molecular weight paraffins disclosed include those having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Compositions containing from 0.1 % to 2 % by volume are disclosed. The MMWP reduces varnishing, sludging, production of chemical byproducts and glazing. It also improves seal life and extends the life of lubricating oil compositions containing it.
BR9205586A 1991-02-04 1992-02-04 Compositions of lubricating oil and grease. BR9205586A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK442591 1991-02-04
AUPK925991 1991-11-04
AUPK999491 1991-12-13
AUPL053192 1992-01-23
PCT/AU1992/000034 WO1992013932A1 (en) 1991-02-04 1992-02-04 Lubricating oil composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9205586A true BR9205586A (en) 1994-09-27

Family

ID=27424306

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR9205586A BR9205586A (en) 1991-02-04 1992-02-04 Compositions of lubricating oil and grease.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0578642B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06506237A (en)
AT (1) ATE225389T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1204592A (en)
BR (1) BR9205586A (en)
DE (1) DE69232795D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992013932A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5102966B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2012-12-19 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Metalworking oil composition
EP2006365B1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2018-02-21 Nippon Oil Corporation Use of a polyfunctional hydrocarbon oil composition
JP5102965B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2012-12-19 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Metalworking oil composition
JP5150060B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2013-02-20 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Electrical discharge machining oil composition
JP5265087B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2013-08-14 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Rust prevention oil composition

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1966111A (en) * 1930-01-20 1934-07-10 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating oil and method of making the same
FR2278758A1 (en) * 1974-07-17 1976-02-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co COMPOSITION OF HYDROCARBON OIL FOR HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
ES438552A1 (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-09-01 Empresa Nacional Aluminio Improvements in aluminum cold lamination procedures. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
GB1572794A (en) * 1975-12-16 1980-08-06 Shell Int Research Baseoil compositions
DD209846A1 (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-05-23 Petrolchemisches Kombinat LUBRICANT ACCESSORIES FOR IMPROVING THE AIR DETERGENT ASSET
DE3544619A1 (en) * 1985-12-17 1987-06-19 Bayer Ag COLORED SILICONE MATERIALS
GB2224287B (en) * 1987-12-07 1991-03-27 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Lubricants for traction drives
US4882077A (en) * 1988-03-09 1989-11-21 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Metalworking fluid
DD280545A1 (en) * 1989-03-14 1990-07-11 Akad Wissenschaften Ddr LIQUID PRESSURE TRANSFER AGENT FOR HIGH-PRESSURE HIGH-TEMPERATURE LOADS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0578642A1 (en) 1994-01-19
WO1992013932A1 (en) 1992-08-20
EP0578642A4 (en) 1994-05-25
JPH06506237A (en) 1994-07-14
EP0578642B1 (en) 2002-10-02
AU1204592A (en) 1992-09-07
ATE225389T1 (en) 2002-10-15
DE69232795D1 (en) 2002-11-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR8607036A (en) COMPOUND, PROCESS TO PRODUCE A FLUID POINT AROMATIC FLUID COMPOSITION, CONCENTRATE AND HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION FOR OILS
BR9713417A (en) Composed of sugar, gelling agent, gelling agent composition, processes for its preparations and gel composition.
DE60016685D1 (en) Lubricating compositions containing a molybdenum-amine compound
KR960704919A (en) NOVEL PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE
CA2079362A1 (en) Novel lubricating oils and greases
IN169944B (en)
KR890010171A (en) Refrigerator oil
MX7992A (en) PAINTS OR LUBRICANTS CONTAINING PHENOLIC CORROSION INHIBITORS.
ATE426012T1 (en) USE OF A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION WITH A RING-SHAPED ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUND
BR9205586A (en) Compositions of lubricating oil and grease.
FI893258A0 (en) Composition useful in lubricants and functional fluids
EP0284871A3 (en) Low temperature lubricating oil
FI885036A (en) Hydrocarbon composition, such as fuel oil, and its additives
WO1988003553A3 (en) Sulfur-containing lubricant and functional fluid compositions
DE69100346D1 (en) Refrigerator oil.
BR0209714A (en) Alkyl Hydrazide Additives for Lubricants
ES2064326T3 (en) LUBRICATING AGENT OR LUBRICATING AGENT CONCENTRATE.
AU555573B2 (en) Petroleum or hydrocarbon wax oxidate composition
EP0825246A3 (en) Lubricants and functional fluids containing heterocyclic compounds
EP0825247A3 (en) Compositions containing thiocarbonates and acylated-nitrogen containing compounds
AU5895980A (en) Halogenated hydrocarbons
CA2117439A1 (en) Lubricating oil composition
BR9304049A (en) Grease composition and method for increasing the drip point of a grease.
KR960022968A (en) Brake fluid composition
DE69100394D1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions containing functionalized polymers.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EG Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)
FC Decision: refusal