BR112012030133B1 - METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH - Google Patents

Abstract

system of cutting a tubular structure and its method of use, a method of cutting a tubular structure of a wellhead is presented; the method involves positioning a burst safety system around a tubular structure, the burst safety system containing a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades carried by the pistons for admission to the tubular structure; the method also involves drilling the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the blades, such that a part of the tubular structure is displaced, and widening through the tubular structure with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades.

Description

METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This application is, in part, a continuation of US Non-Provisional Application No. 12 / 883,469 filed on September 16, 2010, which is a continuation of US Patent No. 7,814,979 filed on May 5, 2008, which is a division of US Patent No. 7,367,396 filed on April 25, 2006, the contents of which are incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. This application also claims the benefit of North American Provisional Application No. 61 / 349,660 filed on May 28, 2010, North American Provisional Application No. 61 / 349,604 filed on May 28, 2010, North American Provisional Application No. 61 / 359,746 filed on June 29, 2010 and North American Provisional Order No. 61 / 373,734 filed on August 13, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

[002] The present invention relates in general to techniques for performing well operations. More specifically, the present invention relates to techniques for preventing bursts, for example, involving cutting the tubular structure in the well.

Description of the Related Art

[003] Petroleum operations are generally carried out to locate and gather valuable fluids at the bottom of the well. Oil platforms are positioned at well locations, and downhole machines, such as drilling tools, are arranged on the ground to reach reservoirs below the surface. Since downhole tools form a wellhead to reach a desired reservoir, structures can be cemented into the wellhead, and the wellhead will be complete to start fluid production from the reservoir. The devices of the well-bottomed tubular structures, such as tubes, certain well-bottomed tools, structures, drilling tubes, casing, spiral tubing, production tubing, profiling tools, steel cables or other members of the tubular structures positioned wellheads and associated components, such as drill clamps, drill joints, drill bits, profiling machines, shutters, and the like, (referred to as 'tubular structures' or 'tubular chains') can be positioned at the mouth of the well to allow fluids to pass under the surface to the surface.

[004] Leaking fluids from the bottom surface can pose a significant environmental threat if released from the wellhead. Equipment, such as overflow safety systems (BOPs), are generally positioned around the wellhead to form a seal around the tubular structure to prevent leakage of fluids, which reach the surface. Typical BOPs may have selectively actuated plungers or plunger plugs, such as tube plungers (for contact, admission and wrapping of tubular structures and / or tools for wellhead sealing) or shear drawers (for physical contact and shearing of a tubular structure), which can be activated to cut and / or seal a tubular structure in a wellhead. Some examples of BOPs and / or plunger blocks are provided in U.S. Patent Applications Nos. 4647002, 6173770, 5025708, 5575452, 5655745, 5918851, 4550895, 5575451, 3554278, 5505426, 5013005, 5056418, 7051989, 5575452, 2008/0265188, 5735502, 5897094, 7234530 and 2009/0056132. Additional examples of BOPs, shear drawers, and / or blades for cutting tubular structures are disclosed in North American Patent Nos. 3946806, 4043389, 4313496, 4132267, 4558842, 4969390, 4492359, 4504037, 2752119, 3272222, 3744749, 4253638, 4523639, 5025708, 5400857, 4313496, 5360061, 4923005, 4537250, 5515916, 6173770, 3863667, 6158505, 4057887, 5178215, and 6016880.

[005] Despite the development of techniques for the treatment of bursts, there is still a need to provide advanced techniques to more effectively cut a tubular structure within a BOP. The present invention aims to satisfy this need for the technique.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[006] In at least one aspect, the invention relates to a method of cutting a tubular structure of a wellhead, the wellhead penetrating an underground formation. The method involves placing a burst safety system around a tubular structure. The overflow safety system has a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades carried by the pistons for admission to the tubular structure. The method also involves drilling the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the blades, such that a part of the tubular structure is displaced, and widening through the tubular structure with a cut surface of at least one of the blades.

[007] The method may also involve continuing to advance the plungers until the tubular structure is cut. In the widening step, the cutting surface can be advanced until the tubular structure is separated. In the drilling step, the drilling point can pierce a central intake part of the tubular structure, or an intermediate intake part of the tubular structure. In the widening step, the cutting surface can pass through an intermediate intake part of the tubular structure and / or an external intake part of the tubular structure. The blade can also be provided with a pair of scrapers, and the method may involve the act of passing at least one pair of scrapers through at least a part of the tubular structure. In the passage step, the scrapers can pass through an external intake part of the tubular structure. The blades may include an upper blade and a lower blade, and the method may also involve the act of passing the upper blade through the tubular structure above the lower blade. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of cutting a tubular structure from a borehole. The method involves placing a safety system against overflows around the tubular structure. The burst safety system has a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding in the system, each of the plurality of pistons carrying a blade. Each of the blades has a blade body containing a front face on one of its sides facing the tubular structure. The blade body has a cutting surface through at least part of the front face, and a perforation point along the front face. The drilling point has a point that extends a distance beyond the cutting surface. The method also involves drilling the tubular structure with the point of perforation of the blade so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it, and widening along the tubular structure with the cutting surface of the blade.

[008] In the widening step, the cutting surface can be advanced until the surface cuts the tubular structure. In the widening step, the cutting surface can be advanced until the tubular structure is separated. In the drilling step, the drilling point can pierce a central coupling part of the tubular structure. In the widening step, the cutting surface can pass through an intermediate coupling part of the tubular structure. In the widening step, the cutting surface can pass through an outer coupling part of the tubular structure.

[009] The blade body may also have a pair of scrapers along the front face of the blade body, each pair of scrapers on either side of the tip, and the method may also involve passing at least one of the pair of scrapers through at least one part of the tubular structure. In the passage step, at least one pair of scrapers can pass through an outer coupling part of the tubular structure.

[0010] Finally, in another aspect, the invention relates to a method for cutting a tubular structure of a well hole. The method involves placing a burst safety system around a tubular structure. The overflow safety system has a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding in the system and a plurality of laminae carried by the pistons for coupling the tubular structure. The method also involves advancing the plurality of blades through the tubular structure by drilling through the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the blades so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it, and widening through the structure tubular with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades until the tubular structure is cut.

[0011] The blades may also have a pair of scrapers, and the advance step may also involve passing at least one of the pair of scrapers through at least a part of the tubular structure. The advance step may also involve advancing the plurality of blades through the tubular structure by drilling through the tubular structure with the pair of scrapers. The blades may include an upper blade and a lower blade, with the upper blade passing through the tubular structure at a distance above the lower blade.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order that the features and advantages of the present invention cited above can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, can be seen by reference to the applications of the present, which are illustrated in the attached drawings. It should be noted, however, that the attached drawings illustrate only typical applications of the present invention and, therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope, since the invention can combine other equally effective applications. The Figures do not necessarily have a scale, and certain characteristics and views of the Figures can be shown in an exaggerated way in terms of scale or scheme, for better clarity and conciseness.
Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an offshore drilling site containing an overflow safety system (BOP) with blades for cutting a tubular structure;
Figures 2A-2B show schematic side and top views, respectively, partially in cross-section, of the BOP of Figure 1 before starting a cutting operation;
Figure 2C is a schematic side view, partially in cross-section, of the BOP of Figure 1 during a cutting operation;
Figures 3A-3G are several schematic views of a blade usable in the BOP of FIG. 2A;
Figures 4A-4D are several schematic views of a replaceable blade tip;
Figures 5A-5G are several schematic views of an alternative blade containing a replaceable blade tip;
Figures 6A-6H are several schematic views of another alternative blade;
Figures 7A-7G are several schematic views of another alternative blade;
Figures 8A-8G are several schematic views of another alternative blade;
Figures 9-15 are several schematic views of several other alternative blades;
Figures 16A-16J are schematic views of several blade profiles;
Figure 17 is a schematic top view, partially in cross-section of a blade admitting a tubular structure;
Figures 18A and 18B are schematic views, partially in cross-section of a pair of blades admitting a tubular structure;
Figures 19A-19D are schematic cross-sectional views of a shear area of a tubular structure;
Figures 20A-20H are schematic views that illustrate different parts of a tubular structure cut by a BOP, and the blade used for this;
Figures 21A-21B are force x time graphs for a tubular structure cut by a BOP using several blades; and
Figures 22A and 22B are flowcharts that illustrate the methods of cutting a tubular structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The following description includes exemplary apparatus, methods, techniques and / or instructional sequences that incorporate techniques of the present subject of the invention. However, it is understood that the applications described can be practiced without these specific details.

[0014] This application is related to BOP and at least one blade used to cut a tubular structure in a well. The tubular structure can be, for example, a tubular structure that flows through the BOP during operations at the drilling site. The cutting operation can allow the tubular structure to be removed from the BOP and / or from the well bore. The tubular structure can be cut, for example, to seal a hole in the well if it has leaked and / or in the event of an overflow.

[0015] The BOP is supplied with several blade configurations to facilitate the cutting of the tubular structure. These blades can be configured with drilling points, cutting surfaces and / or scrapers aimed at reducing the force required to cut a tubular structure. The invention provides techniques for cutting a variety of tubular structures (or chains of tubular structures), such as those with a diameter of up to 21.59 cm. Preferably, the BOP and the blades provide one or more of the following, among others: efficient replacement of parts (eg blades) reduced wear, less force required to cut the tubular structure, automatic sealing of the BOP, efficient cutting, incorporation in ( or use with) existing equipment and less maintenance time for parts replacement.

[0016] Figure 1 illustrates an offshore drilling site 100 containing a submerged system 106 and a surface system 120. The submerged system 106 has a separator 102, a BOP 108, a wellhead 110, and a piping release 112. Separator 102 and / or BOP 108 can be configured to seal a tubular structure 118 (and / or transport), and run through a well hole 116 at the bottom of the sea 107. BOP 108 has at least a blade 150 for cutting the tubular structure 118. One or more controllers 126 and / or 128 can operate, monitor and / or control the BOP 108, the separator 102, the pipe release system 112 and / or other parts of the site drilling hole 100.

[0017] Piping release system 112 can be configured to transport one or more downhole tools 114 in wellhole 116 in tubular structure 118. Although BOP 108 is described as being used in submerged operations, it will be considered that drilling site 100 can be based on land or water and BOP 108 can be used in any drilling site environment.

[0018] The surface system 120 can be used to facilitate oil operations at the drilling site on the high seas 100. The surface system 120 can comprise a rig 122, a platform 124 (or vessel) and the controller 126. As shown , controller 126 is in a surface location and submerged control 128 is in a submerged location, it will be considered that one or more controllers 126/128 can be located in several locations to control surface systems 120 and / or submerged 106. Communication links 134 can be provided by controllers 126/128 for communication with various parts of drilling site 100.

[0019] As shown, the piping release system 112 is located inside a conduit 111, although it should be considered that the piping can be located in any suitable location, such as at the bottom of the sea, close to the submerged equipment 106, without conduit 11, inside probe 122, and the like. The pipe release system 112 can be any pipe release system, such as a spiral pipe injector, a drill rig containing equipment such as a top drive, a Kelly (square rod), a winch and the like (not shown). In addition, the chains of tubular structures 118 to be cut can be any suitable tubular structure and / or a tubular chain, as previously described. Downhole tools 114 can be any downhole tool suitable for drilling, completing, evaluating and / or producing wellhole 116, such as drills, shutters, test equipment, drill guns and the like. Other devices can optionally be positioned around the drilling site to perform various functions, such as the shutter system 104 housing the separator 102 and a tube 130.

[0020] Figures 2A-2C illustrate BOP 108 in greater detail. Figures 2A and 2B show the BOP 108 before its activation. Figure 2C shows BOP 108 after activation. BOP 108 may be similar, for example, to the BOP described in North American Non-Interim Order No. 12 / 883,469, previously incorporated herein. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, the BOP 108 may have a body 12 with a hole extending through it. The tubular structure 118 can pass through the hole 14. The body 12 can have a lower flange 16 and an upper flange 18 for connecting the BOP 108 to other equipment in a wellhead pile, for example, the separator 102 (as shown in Figure 1), the wellhead 110 and the like. The BOP 108 may have one or more actuators 28 to drive one or more blades 150, such as a pair of blades 150a, b, to cut the tubular structure 118.

[0021] The actuators 28 can move a piston 30 inside a cylinder 32 to move a rod 34. The rod 34 can be coupled to a support of blades 24 and 26, or a first and second plunger 24 and 26. Each blade holders 24 and 26 can be coupled to one of the blades 150a, b. Thus, actuators 28 can move the blades forward and away from hole 14 to cut tubular structure 118 into hole 14. Actuators 28 can drive blades 150a, b in response to direct control from controllers 126 and / or 128 , an operator, and / or a response to a condition in well bore 116 (as shown in Figure 1) such as a pressure wave. As shown, actuators 28 are hydraulically operated and can be driven by a hydraulic system (not shown), although any suitable means for driving the blades 150a, b can be used, such as pneumatic, electric and the like.

[0022] One or more piston guide surfaces 20 and 22, or guide surfaces, can guide each of the blades 150a, b inside the BOP 108, since the actuator 28 moves the blades 150a, b. The plunger guide surfaces 20 and 22 can extend externally from opposite sides of the hole 14. Figure 2B shows a top view of the BOP 108. The blade holders 24 and 26 are shown holding the blades 150a, b in one position not actuated within piston guide surfaces 20 and 22.

[0023] The blades 150a, b of the blade holders 24 and 26 can be positioned to pass each other into the hole 14 while cutting the tubular structure 118. As shown, the pair of blades 150a, b includes an upper cutting blade 150a (any blade according to the present invention) on the plunger 24 and a lower cutting blade 150b (any blade according to the present invention) on the plunger 26. The cutting blades 150a and 150b can be positioned so that one end cutting edge of the blade 150b pass some distance below the cutting edge of the blade 150a when cutting and / or shearing a section of the tubular structure 118.

[0024] The cutting action of the cutting blades 150a and 150b can pierce, widen, shear, and / or cut the tubular structure 118 (see FIG. 2C) in the upper part 118a and in the lower part 118b. After the tubular structure 118 is cut, the lower part of the tubular structure 118b can fall into the hole of the well 116 (as shown in Figure 1) below the BOP 108. Optionally (which is the case for any method according to the present invention) the drill string can be hung on a lower set of plungers (not shown). The BOP 108 and / or other part of the equipment can then seal the uncoated well and / or the well bore 116 to prevent an oil leak and / or explosion.

[0025] Figures 3A-8G show several views of shapes that the blade 150 can take. Figures 3A-3G illustrate several views of a blade 350 usable, for example, as the blade 150 of Figure 1-2C (and / or the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150b). FIG. 3A is an expanded perspective view of blade 350. Figure 3B shows a bottom view of blade 350 and a cross-sectional view of tubular structure 118. Figure 3C shows a top view of blade 350. Figure 3D shows a rear view of perspective of blade 350. Figure 3E shows a side view of blade 350. Figure 3F shows a front view of blade 350. Figure 3G shows a cross-sectional view of blade 350 along the 3G-3G line of Figure 3F.

[0026] The blade 350 is preferably configured to drill, widen, shear and / or scrape the tubular structure 118 while the blade 350 travels through a tubular structure, like the tubular structure of Figure 1. The blade 350 shown is provided with a blade body 307, a drilling point (or projection) 300, one or more scraping points (or scrapers) 30, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or cracks) 304, a surface loading 308, and one or more opening 310. The drilling point 300 and the scrapers 302 can be extended from a front face 303 of the blade body 307. The front face 303 has a first part 311 and a second part 315 containing the cutting surface 306 on it. The drilling point 300 is positioned between the first and second part 311, 315. The blade body 307 can have a base 305 along the bottom.

[0027] The openings 310 can be configured to receive one or more connectors 312 to connect the blade 350 to the blade holders 24 and 26 (as shown in Figure 2A). The connector, or connectors 312, can be used to secure the blades 350 to the blade holders 24 and 26. The connectors 312 can be any suitable connector, such as a screw, a pin, a bolt, a weld and the like. The blade 350 can also be provided, for example, as flanges 309 extending laterally for support, for example, on the guide surfaces 20, 22 of BOP 108 of Figures 2A-2C.

[0028] The drilling point 300 can be configured to substantially couple the tubular structure 118, preferably close to the center (or a central part) of said. As the drilling point 300 admits the tubular structure 118, a tip (or apex) 314 of the drilling point 300 pierces and / or punctures the tubular structure 118. The drilling point 300 ends at the tip 314, which can have a variety of shapes, such as round, pointed, edged, etc., as described herein. As the drilling point 300 continues to be moved through the tubular structure 118, the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 on each side of the drilling point 300 can cut through the tubular structure 118 from the initial puncture point. The cutting surfaces of the blade 306 can also assist in the centering of the tubular structure 118. The centering of the tubular structure 118 can facilitate the positioning of the tubular structure 118 for optimal cutting and / or drilling.

[0029] One or more scrapers302 can be configured to couple the tubular structure 118 in a location towards an external part and / or far from the center (or a central part) of the tubular structure 118, as shown in Figure 3B. As shown, one or more scrapers 302 are configured to couple the tubular structure 118 near an end (or outer part) of the tubular structure 118. One or more scrapers 302 can have projections 351 to puncture the tubular structure 118 in a similar manner to the point drilling 300. A width W (Fig. 3B) between the tip 314 of the drilling point 300 and the projection 351 of the scrapers 302 can be configured to contact a desired part of the tubular structure 118.

[0030] As the blade 350 continues to be moved through the tubular structure 118, the scrapers 302 can pass through the tubular structure. The cutting surface of the blade 306 on the scrapers 302 may have a cutting angle y (or inclined) for passing through the tubular structure 118. The cutting angle y of the cutting surface of the blade 306 may vary in location around the blade 350 , as needed to facilitate the cutting process. The cutting angle y is shown, for example, in Figure 3E with a complementary angle of 90º - y shown in Figure 3G. Scrapers 302 can also have an outlet angle 9 on an external surface, as shown in Figure 3C, which can continue to cut through the walls of the tubular structure 118. The outlet angle 9 can be configured to separate the part of the tubular structure 118 , since the cutting surface of the blade 306 cuts through the wall, reducing the force required to cut the tubular structure.

[0031] The scraper, or scrapers 302, can be configured to scrape, and / or shear, a part of the tubular structure 118 on both sides of the drilling point 300, thereby increasing the strength and integrity of the tubular structure 118. One or more scrapers 302 can align the tubular structure 118 relative to the blade 350 in the center, since the blade 350 is coupled to the tubular structure 118. As shown in Figures 3A-3C, the scraper, or scrapers 302, can couple the tubular structure 118 before the drilling point 300 is coupled to the tubular structure 118. By adjusting the configuration so that the drilling point 300 and / or the scraping points 302 can be in different lengths relative to each other, the scrapers 302 can be configured to substantially couple the tubular structure 118 simultaneously with the drilling point 300 and / or after the drilling point 300. In this way, the blade 350 can pierce and / or scrape the tubular structure 118 in one or more m more locations to facilitate cutting.

[0032] The geometry of the blades described herein can be adjusted to provide points of contact at various locations along the blade. By manipulating the dimensions and position of the drilling point 300, the scrapers 302 and the front face 303, the contact of the blade with the tubular structure can be adjusted and / or optimized. While Figures 3A-3G illustrate a specific configuration of the scrapers 302 for contact with the tubular structure, the dimensions of the blade can be selected to allow the tubular structure to pass between the scrapers 302. In these cases, the scraper 302 is drilled through the perforation 300, and the cutting surfaces 306 along the front face 303 of the blade between the scrapers 302 can be used to scrape and / or shear parts of the tubular structure and to cut said structure.

[0033] The blades described herein can be constructed from any material suitable for cutting the tubular structure 118, such as iron. In addition, the blade may have parts, such as points 300, 302, and / or the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 that are hardened and / or coated to prevent wear of the blades. Hardening can be achieved by any suitable method, such as wear coating, heat treatment, hardening, material change, insertion of a 352 hardened material (as shown in Figure 3A), such as diamond polycarbonate, INCONELTM and the like .

[0034] Each of the blades of the present may have replaceable tips of the blade 400 as shown in Figures 4A-4D. Figure 4A is an expanded top view of the tip of the blade 400. Figure 4B is a perspective view of the tip of the blade 400. Figure 4C is a view of the tip of the blade 400. Figure 4D is a cross-sectional view of the blade tip 400 of Figure 4A along line 4D-4D.

[0035] The replaceable tips of the blade 400 can be the size to partially replace or all of the tips and / or points described herein, such as the drilling points 300 and the scrapers 302 of the blade 350 (as shown in Figures 3A-3G ). In addition, there may be a replaceable blade cutting surface (not shown) that can partially or completely replace the blade's front face, such as the cutting surfaces 306 of the blade scrapers 302 of Figures 3A-3G.

[0036] Replaceable blade tips 400 can be used to replace worn and / or damaged parts of existing blades. The replaceable tips of the blade 400 may have shapes and tips compatible to conform, for example, to the drilling point 300 and the related tip 314 and the cutting surfaces 306 of the original blade. In some cases, blade 400 replaceable tips may provide alternative tip shapes, sizes and / or materials to provide variable blade configurations. For example, replaceable blade tips 400 can be used to provide an extended drill point 300 for varying blade contact points.

[0037] The replaceable tips of the blade 400 can be constructed from the same material as the blade 350 and / or any hardening materials and / or methods described herein.

[0038] The replaceable tips of the blade 400, as shown, may have the same shape as any of the drilling points 300 and / or scrapers 302 described herein, and may have one or more connector holes 402 for receiving a connector 452 for coupling the replaceable tips 400, for example, for blades 150 and / or 350 (as shown in Figures 1-3G). Replaceable tips 400 can have an X-tip angle, for example, at an acute angle of about 60 degrees.

[0039] Figures 5A-5G show several views of a blade 550 usable, for example, as the blade 150 of Figures 1-2C. Figure 5 shows a front perspective view of the blade 550. Figure 5B shows a rear perspective view of the blade 150. Figure 5C shows a bottom view of the blade 550. Figure 5D shows a top view of the blade 550. Figure 5E shows a front view of blade 550. Figure 5F shows a side cross-sectional view of blade 500 of Figure 5E along line 5F-5F. Figure 5G shows a side view of blade 550.

[0040] Blade 550 may be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 550 defines a different blade shape. The blade 550 as shown is provided with the drilling point (or projection) 300 with an angled drilling tip 500, one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308, and one or more opening 310. In this version, the drilling point 300 extends beyond the scrapers 302, and the scrapers have an exit angle 9 facing the perforation 300. In addition, blade 550 can be configured to incorporate, for example, the replaceable tip of blade 400 (as shown in Figure 4A4D).

[0041] As shown, drilling point 300 is a replaceable tip of blade 400 that has been removed for replacement. Blade 550 may have a blade connector hole 501 configured to align with one or more connector holes 402 on the replaceable tip of blade 400. A connector 452, such as a screw and the like, can be used to couple the replaceable tip of the blade. blade 400 with blade 550. While these figures show the drilling point 300 as a replaceable tip 400, it will be considered that scrapers 302 can also be replaceable. In addition, while Figures 5A-5G show a specific blade configuration, any blade configuration can be provided with one or more replaceable tips 400. The replaceable tip of blade 400 can be shaped like, for example, any of the points drill bits 300 and / or scrapers 302 shown herein.

[0042] Figures 6A-6H illustrate several views of a blade 650 usable, such as the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150b of Figures 2A-2C. Figure 6A shows a top view of blade 650. Figure 6B shows a bottom view of blade 650. Figure 6C illustrates a front view of blade 650. Figure 6D illustrates a cross-sectional view of blade 650 of Figure 6C along the line 6D6D. Figure 6E illustrates a cross-sectional view of blade 650 of Figure 6C along line 6E-6E. Figure 6F illustrates a side view of blade 650. Figure 6G illustrates another perspective view of blade 650. Figure 6H illustrates a perspective view of blade 650 of line 6H-6H of Figure 6G.

[0043] Blade 650 is preferably configured to drill, widen, shear and / or scrape while blade 650 travels through a tubular structure, such as tubular structure 118 in Figure 1. Blade 650 can be similar to the blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 650 defines a different blade format. The blade 650, as shown, is provided with the drilling point (or projection) 300 with an angled drilling tip 600, one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more gutters (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308 and one or more openings 310.

[0044] The scrapers 302 of the blade 650 end in the projection 351. The scrapers 302 can have a pointed configuration that can be used for drilling the tubular structure when in contact with it. In this version, the angled drilling tip 600 extends beyond the scrapers 302, and the scrapers have an exit angle 9 facing the drilling point 600. The drilling point 300 for blade 650 shown in Figures 6A-H ends at the angled punch tip 600.

[0045] The angled punch tip 600 can be configured to have two punch walls 601 that extend from a lead tip 602. The lead tip 602, as shown in Figure 6H, can extend from an upper part 604 to a lower part 606 of the blade 650 in a direction substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1). The two punch walls 601 can extend from the lead tip 602 towards the rails 304 at an angle Φ. The two puncture walls 601 can extend from the upper part 604 to the lower part 606, as they extend towards the rails 304 until the two puncture walls 601 reach parallel walls 608, as shown in Figure 6G.

[0046] The parallel wall 608 can be formed by walls, or a part of the walls, which extend substantially parallel to the cutting direction of the blade 650. As shown in Figure 6H, the parallel walls 608 extend linearly towards the rails 304 at the top of the blade, as shown in Figure 6B. The cutting surface of the blade 306 is formed above the bottom and around the rail 304. The cutting surface of the blade 306 above the bottom 610 can be configured to substantially align with one or more scrapers 302, or for compensation from these.

[0047] The punch tip 600 can be configured so that the lead tip 602 is attached to the tubular structure 118 first, while the blade 650 is attached to the tubular structure (as shown in Figure 1). The lead tip 602 can enter a part of the tubular structure 118 while the punching walls 601 separate the wall from the tubular structure 118, similar to a chisel. The angled punch tip 600 can separate and / or remove a portion of the wall of the tubular structure 118 until the cutting surface 306 of the blade 650 is coupled to the tubular structure 118.

[0048] As shown in Figures 6A-6H, a portion of the blade 650 along the punch tip 600 has a vertical surface and the rest of the blade 650 has an inclined surface. As shown in these figures, the blade parts 650 may have vertical and / or inclined surfaces.

[0049] Figures 7A-7G illustrate several views of a usable blade 750, such as the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150b of Figures 2A-2C. Figure 7A shows a top view of the blade 750. Figure 7B shows a bottom view of the blade 750. Figure 7C illustrates a front view of the blade 750. Figure 7D illustrates a cross-sectional view of the blade 750 of Figure 7C along the line 7D7D. Figure 7E illustrates a cross-sectional view of the blade 750 of Figure 7C along line 7E-7E. Figure 7F shows a side view of blade 750. Figure 7G shows a perspective view of blade 750 of Figure 7F from view 7G7G.

[0050] Blade 750 is preferably configured to drill, widen, shear and / or scrape while the blade travels through a tubular structure, such as tubular structure 118 in Figure 1. Blade 650 may be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 650 defines a different blade format. The blade 750, as shown, is provided with the drilling point (or projection) 300 with an angled drilling tip 600, one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308 and one or more openings 310. Blade 650 may be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that scrapers 302 and drilling point 300 have alternative shapes . The blade 750 may have a square punch tip 700. The flat punch face 702 of the scrapers 302 may have flat walls 704 extending from it. The inclined cutting surfaces 306 can be inserted into the tubular structure during coupling.

[0051] The drilling point 300 for blade 750 shown in Figures 7A-H is a square punch tip 700. The square punch tip 700 can have a flat punch face 702. The flat punch face 702 as shown is a rectangular surface, although it can have any shape. The flat punch face 702 can extend from the upper part 604 to the lower part 606 of the blade 750 in a direction substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1).

[0052] Two parallel punching walls 704 can extend from the flat punching face 702 towards the rails 304 in a direction substantially parallel to the cutting direction of the blade 750. The two parallel punching walls 704 can extend from from the upper part 604 to the lower part 606 of the blade 750 as they extend towards the rails 304. A parallel punching step 706 can be configured for the transition of the square punch tip 700 on the cutting surfaces 306 next to the 304 rails.

[0053] The square punch tip 700 can be configured so that the flat function face 702 is attached to the tubular structure first, while the blade 750 is attached to the tubular structure (as shown in Figure 1). The flat puncture face 702 can puncture, notch and / or enter a part of the tubular structure 118. The square puncture point 700 can separate and / or remove a portion of the wall of the tubular structure 118. With the puncture tip 700 extended in addition to the scrapers 302, the punch tip 700 can engage the tubular structure before the scrapers 302 on the blade 750 are coupled to the tubular structure.

[0054] Figures 8A-8G illustrate several views of a usable blade 850, such as the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150a of Figures 2A-2C. Figure 8A shows a top view of blade 850. Figure 8B shows a bottom view of blade 850. Figure 8C shows a front view of blade 850. Figure 8D shows a cross-sectional view of blade 850 of Figure 8C along the line 8D-8D. Figure 8E shows a cross-sectional view of blade 850 along line 8E-8E. Figure 8F shows a side view of blade 850. Figure 8G shows a perspective view of blade 850 of Figure 8F from view 8G-8G.

[0055] Blade 850 is preferably configured to drill, widen, shear and / or scrape tubular structure 118 while blade 850 travels through a tubular structure, such as tubular structure 118 in Figure 1. Blade 850 can be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 850 defines a different blade shape. The blade 850, as shown, is provided with an inverse point between two drilling points (or projection) 803. The blade is still provided with one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308 and one or more openings 310. Blade 850 may be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that scrapers 302 and drilling point 300 have alternative formats. The blade may have a flat scraping face 807. The flat scraping face 807 of scrapers 302 can have an inclined cutting surface 306 extending from the face. The inclined cutting surfaces 306 can be inserted into the tubular structure during coupling.

[0056] Drill point 300 has been reconfigured with an inverted punch point 802. An inverted point 800 is positioned between two drill points 300 for blade 850 shown in Figures 8A-H to form an inverted punch tip 802. A inverted punch tip 802 can have two inverted surfaces 804 that extend from the inverted point 800 at an angle to the drilling points 300. The angle can be any suitable angle that allows the drilling points 300 to be coupled to the structure tubular before, or simultaneously, the inverted point 800 is coupled to the tubular structure. The two inverted surfaces 804 can be rectangular shaped surfaces, or any other suitable shape.

[0057] The inverted punch tip 802 can only extend a part of the depth of blade 850 between the upper part 604 and the lower part 606, as shown, or can extend to full depth in a direction substantially in line with a longitudinal axis of the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1). A stepped blade surface 808 can be extended from a parallel upper part 810 and / or a parallel lower part 812 of the inverted punch tip 802. The parallel upper part 810 can be a distance below the upper surface 604. The lower part parallel 812 can be a distance above the bottom surface 606.

[0058] Two parallel punching walls 806 can be extended from the drilling points 300 towards the rails 304 in a direction substantially parallel to the cutting direction of the blade 850. The upper parallel part 810 and the lower parallel part 812 can be extending from the upper part 604 and the lower part 606 (respectively) of the inverted surfaces 804 towards the stepped blade surface 808.

[0059] The inverted punch tip 802 can be configured to make the drilling points 803 be attached to the tubular structure first, while the blade 850 is attached to the tubular structure (as shown in Figure 1). Drill points 300 can punch, notch and / or enter a part of the tubular structure 118 before or substantially at the same time as the inverted drilling point 800. The inverted punch point 802 can separate and / or remove a part of the wall of the tubular structure 118 until the cutting surface 306, the staggered blade surfaces 808 and / or the scrapers 302 of the blade 850 are coupled to the tubular structure 118.

[0060] Figures 9-15 show views in perspective of other shapes that the blade 150 can take. Each of the blades in Figures 9-15 can be similar to the blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, with the exception of the different blade shapes. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate blades with 'scraping and puncture' profiles. Figure 9 shows a blade 950 containing flat scrapers 302 and a drilling point 300. Scrapers 302 have angled cutting surfaces 306. Scrapers 302 have projections 351 at one of their points. The cutting surfaces 306 can be formed with, for example, a shallow exit angle 9 along the face of the scrapers 302 (and / or other portions of the blade 950). The shallow exit angle 9 may be a small angle of, for example, less than about 30 degrees. The cutting surfaces 306 can also have an inclined y-angle (or blade). The perforation point 300 defines a perforation point (or puncture point) 314 at a point angle. The blade 950 has a blade body with a base 350 along a lower side of said.

[0061] Figure 10 is similar to Figure 9, except that the exit angle 9 has increased and the drilling point 300 is lowered. In Figure 10, a blade 105 containing the drilling point 300 with the rails 304 and the scrapers 302 is provided. The scrapers 302 have cutting surfaces 306 at an acute exit angle 9. The acute exit angle 9 can be a large angle, for example, greater than about 30 degrees and less than about 90 degrees.

[0062] Figure 11 illustrates a blade 1150 with a serrated punch profile. In Figure 11, blade 1150 has drilling point 300 with rails 304, scrapers 302 and a serrated tip 1100. The serrated tip 1100 is shown on blade 1150 together with the cut surface 306 on both sides of the point hole 300. However, the serrated tip 1100 can be on any of the cutting surfaces 306. The serrated tip 110 can have a plurality of saw tips (or saws) 1102 for coupling and cutting the tubular structure 118. As also shown in Figure 11, scrapers 302 can have an exit angle 9 facing the drilling point 300. The exit angle 9 can be, for example, about 45 degrees. Also as shown in this Figure, the cutting surface 306 can be extended along the entire front face of the blade 1150 and have a cutting angle y along the entire front face.

[0063] Figure 12 illustrates a blade 1250 containing a flat tip and a flat punch profile. The blade 1250 has an extended drilling point 300 and rinse scrapers 302. In Figure 12, the drilling point 300 of the blade 150 has a flat punch tip 1200, cutting surfaces of the blade 306 close to the flat punch tip 1200, tip coupling part 1202, a tip cutting angle Φ and a front face 1206. The flat punch tip 1200, as shown, has a rectangular profile configured to couple the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1), although it can have any shape, such as square, circular, polygonal and the like. The flat punch tip 1200 may be on a portion of the blade 1250 extending from the flat face 1206 towards the rear of the loading surface 308 of the blade 1250.

[0064] As shown, the tip coupling parts 1202 extend substantially parallel to each other along a length of the flat punch tip 1200. However, the parts may form an angle (not shown). The coupling portion of the tip 1202 may be at a cutting angle A to the front face 1206 and may have the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 therein. The side cutting angle A can have any angle suitable for cutting the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1). Various cutting surfaces 306 are illustrated as extending from the flat punch tip 1200 at various angles thereto.

[0065] The scrapers 302 are illustrated as being flat surfaces containing an exit angle 9 of zero degree parallel to the surface load 308. The scrapers 302 have the cutting surfaces 306 coupled to them being extended at a cutting angle y of the blade . The blade cutting angle y of the cutting surfaces 306 can be constant along the scraper 302 and / or blade 1250. The front face 1206 can also have the same cutting angle y.

[0066] Figure 13 illustrates a blade 1350 containing an enlarging tip profile. The blade 1350 has an extended drilling point 300 and rinse scrapers 302. In Figure 13, the blade 1350 also has the cutting surface of the blade 306 along the entire front face of the blade 1350, a ream 1300, a ream flange 1302, a ream 1301, an exit rails 1306 and a front face 1316. The scrapers 302 are illustrated as being flat surfaces containing an exit angle Ɵ of zero degrees parallel to the loading surface 308 and defining the flat front face 1316. The flat front face 1316 can be similar to the described flat front faces in this. The scrapers 302 have the cutting surfaces 306 coupled and extend to the blade angle y. The blade angle y of the cutting surfaces 306 can be constant along the scraper 302 and / or the blade 1350.

[0067] The drill tip 300 has the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 on both sides that are extended a distance from the tip 314 of the drill tip 300 to the ream 1300 at an angle of tip Φ. In the ream of the reamer 1300, the point angle Φ of the cutting surface of the blade 306 is changed to the point angle to form an angled blade step 1308. The angled blade step 1308 ends part of the reamer 1304 where the angle of the surface cutting edge of the blade 306 is modified again so that the tip angle forms the cutting surface of the blade 306 in the part of the reamer 1304. The cutting surface of the blade 306 can be extended from the flange of the reamer 1302 along the part of the reamer 1304 to the outlet rail 1306. The outlet rail 1306 can be a continuous curve of the cutting surface of the blade 306 from the part of the reamer 1304 to the flat front face 1316.

[0068] The blade 350 of Figure 13 can also have a staggered front face of the blade 1310. The staggered front face of the blade 1310 can divide a depth D of the blade 1350, thereby forming a lower plateau 1311 and a lower plateau 1317 The lower plateau 1311 is positioned between an upper end 1319 of the cutting surface of the blade 306 and a lower surface 1315 of a second cutting surface of the blade 1312. The second cutting surface of the blade 1312 may have an inclination similar to that of the cutting surface. cut 306, or a different slope. In addition, the second cutting blade of the surface 1312 may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the blade. The upper plateau 1317 extends from the cutting surface 1312 to the loading surface 308. One or more plateaus and / or flanges from various angles can be supplied.

[0069] Figure 14 shows a blade 1450 with a balanced and extended tip in the profile of the rail. The blade 1450 has a drilling point 300 and scrapers 302 with sloped tracks 304 between them. In Figure 14, the blade 1450 has a balanced tip 1400 with a rounded tip 1402 and an equal chamfer 1404 on each side of the rounded tip 1402. The rounded tip 1402 can be a semi-cylindrical tip formed at the front of the drilling point 300 of the blade 1450. The semi-cylindrical tip can be raised or extended in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the cutting direction of the blade. Chamfers 1404 can also be extended from one end of the tip 1406 to the top of the blade 1408 and / or the bottom of the blade 1410 to provide balance on the rounded tip 1402. The rounded tip 1402 can be extended along one end of chamfer 1412 until the cutting surface of blade 306 is reached on track 304.

[0070] The blade 1450 still has the cutting surface of the blade 306 which can be located on the 304 rails. The 304 rail can be extended back to the cutting direction to form the scrapers 302 at either end of the blade 1450. The scrapers 302 have 351 projections at one of their points. Each of the cutting surfaces 306 is extended from the projection 351 along an internal surface of the scraper 302 at the exit angle 9. The cutting surface 306 along the rails 304 can be at an angle y of the blade to define a widening along a portion of the blade 1450. In this widening configuration, the angled cutting surfaces 306 in the rail can be used for widening through the tubular structure 118.

[0071] Figure 15 shows a 1550 blade with a balanced tip and no flare profile. Blade 1550 is provided with a drilling point 300 and scrapers 302 with perpendicular rails 304 between them. In Figure 15, the blade 1550 has a balanced tip 1400 with a sharp point 1500 and equal chamfers 1404 at the top and bottom of the sharp point 1500. The blade 1550 still has the rails 304 with perpendicular surfaces 1502, along the cutting surfaces of blade 306.

[0072] The rounded tip 1402 can be a semi-cylindrical tip formed at the front of the drilling point 300 of the blade 1450. The semi-cylindrical tip can be raised or extended in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the cutting direction of the blade. Chamfers 1404 can also be extended from one end of the tip 1406 to the top of the blade 1408 and / or the bottom of the blade 1410 to provide balance on the rounded tip 1402. The rounded tip 1402 can be extended along a chamfer tip 1412 until the cutting surface of the blade 306 is reached on the rail 304. The sharp tip 1500 can be an angled tip formed at the front of the blade 1550. The angled tip can be extended in a perpendicular or substantially perpendicular direction in relation to the cutting direction of the blade. Like chamfers 1404 can extend from a sharp point 1500 to an upper part of blade 1408 and / or a lower part of blade 1410. Sharp point 1500 can extend along the tip of chamfer 1412 until the surface of cutting of the 306 blade is achieved on the 304 rail.

[0073] The rail 304 can extend backwards in the cutting direction to form scrapers 3302 at any end of blade 1550. Scrapers 302 have projections 351 at one of their points. Each of the cutting surfaces 306 extends from the projection 351 along an internal surface of the scraper 302 at an exit angle ɸ. The perpendicular surfaces 1502 along the rails 304 can be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an upper surface 1504 of the blade 1550. Unlike the angled cutting surfaces 306 of the blade 1450 of Figure 14, the perpendicular surfaces 1502 of the blade 1550 are a non-flaring configuration. , in which the perpendicular cutting surfaces 1502 in the rail can be used to press the tubular structure 118.

[0074] Figures 16A-16J show several views of shapes that blade 150 (or any other blade of the present, such as the blades of Figures 1-15) can have. Each of these figures illustrates several 1650a-j blade profiles that can be supplied for the blades. Each of the blade profiles 1650a-j has a front face 1615a-j defined by the drilling point 300, the scrapers 302, the slot 304 and the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 of the given blade. Each of the scrapers 302 has a face of the scraper 1604a-j for coupling with a tubular structure (for example, 118 of Figures 1-2C). The dotted line 1600 in each of the blade profiles 1615a-j in Figures 16A16J illustrates where the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 can be located. The cutting surfaces 306 can be part or all of the front face of the blade.

[0075] The 302 blade scrapers can be configured with various shapes. Figure 16A shows the profile of the blade 1650A containing the scrapers 302, the drilling point 300 and the exit angle ɸ. With this blade profile 1650a, scrapers 302 come into contact with the pipe before drilling point 300. Scrapping angle ɸ of scrapers 302 provides scrapers 302 with the front face of scrapper 1604a defining a projection 351 with similar drilling capabilities to those of the drilling point 300. Figure 16B shows the profile of the blade 1650b with the drilling point 300, the scrapers 302 and a front face of the U-shaped scraper 1604b. The front face of the U-shaped scraper 1604b can be along the scraper 302 between the projection 351 and an end tip of the front part of the scraper 1605. Figure 16C shows the profile of the blade 1650c with the drilling point 300, and a flat scraping front 1604c. Figure 16D shows the profile of the blade 1650 with the drilling point 300 and a continuously curved front face 1615d from the front scraping face 1604d to the drilling point 300. In this configuration, the scrapers have a curved shape for contact with the tubular structure 118.

[0076] The projections 300 and scrapers 302 can also be configured to provide slits 304 with different shapes. Figure 16E shows the profile of the blade 1650e with the drilling point 300 with flat rails 304 that extend between the drilling point 300 and the scrapers 302.3 and with a flat scraping face 1604e. Figure 16F shows the profile of the blade 1650f with the drilling point 300 and a curved tip of the blade 1615f from the flat front face of scraping 1604f to the drilling point 300. As shown in this configuration, the inner walls 1608 of the scraps 302 can be joined.

[0077] Figures 16G-16L show staggered configurations. Figure 16G shows the blade profile 1650g that has the drilling point 300, a flat front face of scraping 1604g, and a flat front face 1606. The flat front face 1606 can provide the scraping face 302 with a contact surface additional to attach the tube. Figure 16H shows the blade profile 1650h with the drilling point 300, the flat front scraping face 1604h, and the flat staggered front face 1606, with an inner wall 1608 between the flat front face 1604h and the flat staggered front face 1606 The inner wall 1608 can create points 1610 similar to the projection 351 of Figure 16A. Figure 16l shows the blade profile 1650i with the drilling point 300, the flat front scraping face 1604i, and multiple flat staggered front faces 1606. As shown in these figures, one or more flat or angled steps can be provided on the surfaces ( or walls) internal 1608 of scrapers 302.

[0078] The drilling point 300 can also be configured with different formats, such as serrations or steps. Figure 16J shows the profile of the blade 1650j with the drilling point 300, the flat front face 1604j and the staggered or serrated multiple points 1612 between the drilling point 300 and the rail 3014. The serrated cutting points can be rounded or tips as shown. As also shown by this figure, the drilling point 300 can optionally extend beyond the scrapers 302.

[0079] Figures 17, 18A-18C, and 19A-D are schematic top views, partially transverse, of several blades 150, 150a, 150b coupled to a tubular structure 118. For descriptive purposes, the blades can be illustrated schematically as on opposite sides of the tubular structure, but can be positioned at different heights along the tubular structure 118, so that an upper blade 150a passes above a lower blade 150b as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.

[0080] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the position of a blade 150 around a tubular structure 118 prior to coupling. Blade 150 can be used in combination with another blade (or blades), but is illustrated alone for descriptive reasons. As shown in Figure 17, scrapers 302 can couple an external part 1728 of the tubular frame 118, and the drilling point 300 can couple a central part 1723 of the tubular frame 118. The projections 351 are coupled to the tubular frame 118 as indicated by dotted lines at a distance W from the drilling point. In some cases, the blades 150 can be configured so that the scrapers 302 do not pass through the tubular structure 118. For example, the width W can be greater than a radius of the tubular structure 118, so that the tubular structure 118 passes between the scrapers 302.

[0081] Figures 18A-18B show a pair of different blades 150a, b that are coupled to the tubular structure 118 from their opposite sides. As shown by these figures, the projections 300 can come in contact with the tubular structure 118 at different times in relation to the scrapers 302. As shown in Figure 18A, the scrapers 302 of the blade 150a come into contact with the tubular structure 118 before the point drilling 300. The scrapers 302 of the blade 150b come into contact with the tubular structure 118 simultaneously with the drilling point 300. These figures further illustrate the drilling action of the drilling point 300 and the scrapers 302 while they pierce the tubular structure. One or more drilling points, projections and / or points can be provided to selectively drill various parts of the tubular structure at a desired time. The drilling action of a first blade 150a can be selected to cooperate with a drilling action of a second blade 150b.

[0082] Figure 18B shows another pair of different blades 150a, b being attached to the tubular structure 118. As shown by these figures, a blade 150b can be paired with a blade 150a without perforation points, projections and / or points. Blade 150b is illustrated as the same blade 150b of Figure 17B, but it can be any other blade. The blade 150a has scrapers 302 with a single slot between them to support the tubular structure 118 during the cutting operation. Slit 304 of the blade 150a can be configured to be aligned with the tubular structure 118 to a desired position for better contact with the blade 150b. Also as shown in Figure 18B, the scrapers 302 can be positioned or not for coupling with the tubular structure 118.

[0083] While specific blades are illustrated in specific positions around the tubular structure 118 of Figures 17-18B, it will be considered that any combination of blades in the present can be used and positioned as the upper and / or lower blade 150a, b. In addition, the selected slides can be measured by cutting a desired part of a given tubular structure.

[0084] The upper and lower blades 150a, b can employ the same blades. Alternatively, blades 150a, b may be different. For example, the upper blade 150a may be shaped as shown in Figure 16A and the lower blade 150b may be shaped as shown in Figure 16G, as shown in Figure 17. In some cases, it may be advantageous to have a blade 150 with a drilling point 300 and the other blade 150 with a slot 304 positioned on the opposite side during operation, as shown in Figure 18B.

[0085] Figures 19A-19D illustrate cross-sectional views of shear areas of the tubular structure 118 cutable by blades 150a, b. In a conventional BOP, the shear blades can shear the entire cross section of the tubular structure 118 at once. Blades 150a and 150b of Figures 19A-D are configured to remove material from the tubular structure 118 in a multi-stage process. The multi-stage process takes place while blades 150a and 150b remove and / or remove sections of the tubular structure 118 until the tubular structure 118 is cut. The removal and / or removal of the sections of the tubular structure 118 at different times and / or using different parts of the blades 150a and 150b can be used to reduce the force required by BOP 108 to cut the tubular structure 118.

[0086] Figures 19A-19D illustrate the tubular structure 118 divided into sections for descriptive purposes. A central (or initial) 1900 coupling section can be a section of the tubular structure 118 close to the drilling point 300 of the blades 150a and / or 150b. For descriptive purposes, the blade 150b is illustrated in a hidden line to show the operation of the blade 150a as it pierces and widens the tubular structure 118. The central section (or central part) of coupling 1900 may be the section of the tubular structure 118 where the drilling point 300 is coupled to the tubular structure 118. An intermediate coupling section 1902 can be located on either side of the central coupling section1900. The intermediate coupling section 1902 can be coupled by the 304 rails. An external coupling section 1904 (or external part) can be located on both sides of the compensation of the tubular structure 118 from the central coupling section 1900. The external coupling sections 1900 coupling 1904 can be coupled by rails 304 and / or scrapers 302.

[0087] The contact surfaces of blades 150a, b can be defined by geometry. Blades 150a, b can be configured to pass selectively through tubular structure 118 to reduce shear forces during the cutting process.

[0088] As shown in Figures 19A, 19C and 19D, rails 304 can come into contact with the intermediate and external coupling sections 1902 and 1904. In addition, the drilling point 300 can be positioned to couple the central coupling section 1900 before, during or after the rails 304 and / or scrapers 302 come into contact with the tubular structure 118. The drilling point 300 can be positioned in relation to the scrapers 302 and the rail 304, so that the outer coupling section 1904 can be coupled before, during or after the intermediate coupling sections 1902, 1904 are coupled by the rails.

[0089] As shown by Figures 19A and 19B, the blades 150a, b can be located in a position to contact various parts of the tubular structure 118. The blade 150a of Figure 19A is positioned to be coupled to a central section of coupling 1900. As shown in Figure 19B, the drilling point 300 can be exchanged or compensated from the central part of the tubular structure (or the central coupling section 1900). The drilling point 300, the scrapers 302 and the slits 302 can be configured to contact the desired parts of the tubular structure to reach the desired contact points and cut the tubular structure 118.

[0090] Figures 19C and 19D show the blade 150a being attached to the tubular structure 118 and displacing a part (or rupture) of the tubular structure in the central coupling section 1900. As shown in Figures 19A and 19B, the blade 150a has a blade perforation 300. However, it will be considered that the blade 150b can be coupled to the tubular structure and perform the same drilling, widening and cutting function on the opposite side to the blade 150a to provide a cut on both sides of the tubular structure 118.

[0091] The drilling point 300 of the blade 150a can be used to drill the central coupling section 1900. As shown, a block of material in the section 1900 can be displaced from the piping. The blade 150 advances through the tubular structure 118 and is coupled in the intermediate coupling sections 1902 along the slits 304. The moment the slits 304 come into contact with the tubular structure 118, they widen through the tubular structure 118 and remove their materials. The blade 150a can continue to be advanced in the tubular structure 118 and is coined along the intermediate and outer coupling sections 1902, 1904 to cut the tubular structure 118, or until the tubular structure 118 is separated.

[0092] Similar or different blades 150a and 150b can be used to couple the tubular structure 118 on opposite sides. The opposing blades 150a, b can cut completely through the tubular structure 118 during operation. The opposing blades 150a, b can optionally pierce, widen and / or cut through a part of the tubular structure 118, and the remainder can fall or detach on its own. The tubular structure 118 can optionally be positioned under tension and / or torque during the process to facilitate cutting.

[0093] Although only certain sections are shown, it should be considered that each section can be divided into smaller sections. In addition, any part of the blades 150a and / or 150b can be configured to couple sections 1900, 1902 and / or 1904, as desired. In some cases, since blades 150a and / or 150b can be attached to the tubular structure 118, the perforation point can pierce and / or remove a portion of the tubular structure 118 and the scrapers 304 can widen the tubular structure 118 until it occurs shearing the tubular structure through the complete passage of the blades 150a, b through the tubular structure 118 or until the tubular structure falls and separates.

[0094] In operation, the drilling point 300 of the blades 150a and / or 150b can couple the initial coupling section 1900. The rails 204 of the blades 150a and / or 150b remove and / or displace the remaining parts of the initial coupling section 1900. The rails 304 of blades 150a and / or 150b can then couple the secondary coupling sections 1902, or parts thereof. While blades 150a and / or 150b continue in the cutting direction, blades 150a and / or 150b can cut the outer coupling section 1904 of tubular structure 118, thereby cutting tubular structure 118. Blades 150a and / or 150b can be configurations to couple any of the sections of the present at different times. For example, blades 150a and / or 150b can couple the secondary coupling section 1902 followed first by the initial coupling section 1900 and / or the final coupling section 1904.

[0095] Figures 20A-20D illustrate parts of the tubular structure 118 of Figure 19 containing a junction connection 2000 that was coupled and cut by blades 150a and / or 150b, for example, of Figures 20G and 20H. These figures illustrate various views of the tubular structure 118 cut in upper parts 118a and lower parts 118b, as shown in Figure 2C. For descriptive purposes, Figures 20A and 20B show the lower and upper parts 118a, b together. Figures 20A and 20B separately show the upper and lower parts 118a, b, respectively. Figures 20E and 20F illustrate the sections and / or parts (or breaks) removed from the initial coupling sections 1900 after being removed from the 2000 connection fitting of Figures 20A-20D. Although the initial 1900 coupling section removed is shown as a removed part (or break), it can have any suitable shape. For example, the initial coupling section 1900 may be in several parts, it may not be detachable from the joint connection, it may be divided into two parts, it may be displaced, and the like. Figures 20G and 20H illustrate an example of the blade 150a and / or 150b used to cut the junction connection 2000. Any of the blades 150 described herein may have been used to cut the junction connection 2000.

[0096] In cases where a tubular structure 118 is particularly thick, for example, with a thickness of 8.5 "(21.59 cm) or more with a thick wall of more than 1" (2.54 cm), as a joint connection, the shear forces used for the blades can be extremely high. By distributing the forces along the blades using the configurations provided herewith, the drilling point 300 can be used to pierce the tubular structure 118 and remove a break, such as an initial coupling section 1900, as illustrated in Figures 20E-20F . The cutting surfaces 306 can widen through the tubular structure 118 to remove parts of the tubular structure displaced by the blade and pass through the rest of the tubular structure 118, such as the intermediate coupling section 1902 and / or the final coupling section 1904. In In cases where scrapers 302 come into contact with the tubular structure 118, scrapers 302 can also be used to drill and / or widen through the final coupling section 1904 of tubular structure 118, as shown in Figures 20A-20D. The cutting surfaces 306 can be widened through the tubular structure 118 to remove parts of the tubular structure displaced by the blade and pass through the rest of the tubular structure 118, such as through the intermediate coupling section 1902 and / or the final coupling section 1904. In cases where scrapers 302 come into contact with the tubular structure 118, scrapers 302 can also be used to drill and / or widen through the final coupling section 1904 of tubular structure 118, as shown in Figures 20A-20D. Depending on the selected geometry (see, for example, the blade profiles in Figures 16A-J), the initial points of contact and / or perforation can be varied.

[0097] In Figures 20A-20D, the junction connection 2000 is shown with its junction connection sections 2001 cut to illustrate the cutting mechanisms of the blade 150a and / or 150b used to cut the junction connection 2000. The part of initial coupling 1900 was coupled by the drilling point 300 and removed from the junction connection 2000 by the blades 150a and / or 150b, as shown by an opening 2002 in the junction connection 2000 of Figures 20A-20B. The secondary coupling section 1902 has been partially displaced and / or removed by the slits 304 of the blades 150a and / or 150b, as can be seen by a semicircular wedge 203 removed from the junction 2000. The final coupling section 1904 is coupled by the slots 304 and / or scrapers 302 and may have substantially less material removed therefrom, and may be a line cut 2005 by cutting or failure of the tubular structure 118.

[0098] Figure 21A illustrates a graph of force (F) versus time (t) 2100 for tubular structure 118 cut, for example, by blades 150a and / or 150 (as shown in Figure 1). A force (F) applied to blades 150a and / or 150b can be shown on the Y axis of the graph, and a time (t) for cutting using blades 150a and / or 150b can be shown on the X axis of the graph.

[0099] Graph 2100 shows that the force F on the blades 150a and / or 150b increases as time t progresses until the initial drilling (or removal and / or deformation) of the initial coupling section 1900 by the blade 150a, as shown by the puncture start point 2106. After the puncture start point 2106 is broken (for example, when the initial coupling section 1900 is moved, as shown in Figure 19B), the force F on blades 150a and / or 150b may drop dramatically over time, until an opposite blade 150b is coupled to an opposite initial coupling section 1900. Once the opposite blade 150b has displaced the initial coupling section 1900, as shown in point 2106, the second coupling section 1902 is coupled by each of the blades 150a, b, as shown by the secondary coupling points 2108. The force F increases with time t as the blades 150a and / or 150b can start to be widened (and / or cut, punctured, and / or sheared as) through the secondary coupling section 1902 (for example, as shown in Figure 19C). The force F can then increase and decrease as time t progresses, as the sections of the tubular structure 118 are removed and / or displaced by the blades 150a and / or 150b, until the tubular structure 118 is cut, as shown by the cut points 2110.

[00100] Figure 21B illustrates a graph of force versus time 2120 of several thin-walled tubular structures cut by a conventional shear blade (not shown) compared to the various thin-walled tubular structures cut by blades 150a and 150b in Figure 2. The conventional shear blades are represented by three conventional plots of shear blades 2111a-c, respectively, in the force versus time graph 2120. Blades 150a and / or 150b are represented by three plots of blades 2113d-f, respectively, in the graph of strength versus time 2120.

[00101] The conventional shear blade cuts the entire shear area of the tubular structure at once. As can be seen by the force F required to cut the thin wall of the tubular structure using conventional shear blades, the force applied to the blades can increase continuously over time while the conventional shear blade shears thin-walled tubular structures. The force on conventional shear blades can rise until a conventional peak strength of blade 2112a-c, respectively, is reached and the thin-walled tubular structures are cut.

[00102] Blades 150a and / or 150b can pierce, widen, cut, shear, displace and / or remove sections of tubular structures independent of each other. As can be seen, the force required to cut thin-walled tubular structures with blades 150a and / or 150b, the force of blades 150a and / or 150 can increase and decrease until a peak force of blade 2114d-f is reached and the tubular structure is cut. Therefore, the force required to cut tubular structure 118 with the conventional shear blade can be much greater than the force F required to cut tubular structure 118 with blades 150a and / or 150b. In addition, conventional shear blades may not be able to shear tubular structures with thick walls and / or 2000 junction connections.

[00103] Figures 22A and 22B illustrate methods 2200a and 2200b for cutting a tubular structure. The 2200a method involves positioning a 2280 BOP around the tubular structure of the well hole (the BOP containing a plurality of slide-positioned plungers), providing 2282 to each of the plungers with a blade, drilling a hole in the structure 2284 tubular with a point of the blade perforation point, and extending 2286 through the tubular structure perforated with the cutting surface of the blade.

[00104] Method 2200b involves the positioning 2281 of a BOP around the tubular structure of the well hole, the BOP containing a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding (the safety system against overflows containing a plurality of opposed pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades carried by the plurality of opposing pistons to couple the tubular structure), perforating 2283 the tubular structure with a perforation point of at least one of the blades, so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it, and widening 2285 through of the tubular structure with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades for displacing material from the tubular structure.

[00105] The widening of any method can be carried out using the cutting surfaces and / or scrapers. The cutting surfaces can also be used to drill a hole in the tubular structure. The steps of either method can be used together, repeated and / or performed in any order.

[00106] It will be considered by those with skill in the technique that the techniques disclosed herein can be implemented for automated / autonomous applications through software configured with algorithms to perform the desired functions. These aspects can be implemented by programming one or more computers suitable for general purposes containing appropriate hardware. Programming must be done by using one or more devices for storing programs that can be read by the processor (s) and by coding one or more instruction programs executable by the computer to carry out the operations described in this. The device for storing programs may take the form of, for example, one or more diskettes; a CD-ROM or other optical disc; a read-only memory (ROM) chip; and other forms of the type well known in the art or subsequently developed. The instruction program can be "object code", that is, in a binary form that can be executed more or less directly by the computer; in the "source code" that requires compilation or interpretation before execution; or in some intermediate way as partially compiled code. The precise forms of the device for storing the program and encoding the instructions are immaterial. Aspects of the invention can also be configured to perform the functions described (by means of the appropriate hardware / software) only on the spot and / or remotely controlled by means of an extended communication network (for example, wireless, internet, satellite, etc.) .

[00107] While the applications are described with reference to various implementations and explorations, it will be understood that these applications are illustrative and that the scope of the subject of the invention is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions and improvements are possible. For example, any of the blades shown herein can be used in combination with other blades shown, and / or conventional blades. In addition, any of the blades can have replaceable tips 400. The drilling point 300 can extend beyond the cutting surfaces of the blade, or have slits in the rear. Drill points 300 can be leased or with points. Slots can be rounded, square or in other shapes.

• A) Método de corte de uma estrutura tubular
• B) Posicionamento de um bop ao redor da estrutura tubular da boca de poço (o bop contendo uma pluralidade de êmbolos posicionados por deslizamento)
• C) Fornecimento de cada um dos êmbolos com uma lâmina
• D) Avanço da pluralidade de êmbolos de forma que o ponto de perfuração perfure um orifício na estrutura tubular
• E) Avanço da pluralidade de êmbolos de forma que a superfície de corte seja alargada ao longo de no mínimo uma parte da estrutura tubular

Figura 22B
F) Método de corte de uma estrutura tubular
G) Posicionamento de um bop ao redor de uma estrutura tubular, o bop contendo uma pluralidade de êmbolos posicionados por deslizamento e uma pluralidade de lâminas transportada pela pluralidade de êmbolos opostos para admissão da estrutura tubular
H) Perfuração da estrutura tubular com um ponto de perfuração de no mínimo uma da pluralidade de lâminas de forma que uma parte da estrutura tubular seja deslocada deste
I) Alargamento ao longo da estrutura tubular com uma superfície de corte de no mínimo uma das lâminas da pluralidade de lâminas.[00108] Plural instances can be provided for components, operations or structures described herein as an instance. In general, the structures and features presented as separate components in the exemplary configurations can be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, the structures and features presented as a single component can be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions and improvements may fall within the scope of the subject of the invention.
Figures Legend
Figure 22A

• A) Method of cutting a tubular structure
• B) Positioning of a bop around the wellhead tubular structure (the bop containing a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding)
• C) Supplying each piston with a blade
• D) Advance of the plurality of pistons so that the drilling point drills a hole in the tubular structure
• E) Advance of the plurality of pistons so that the cutting surface is extended along at least a part of the tubular structure

Figure 22B
F) Method of cutting a tubular structure
G) Positioning of a bop around a tubular structure, the bop containing a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades carried by the plurality of opposing pistons for admission of the tubular structure
H) Perforation of the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the plurality of blades so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it
I) Widening along the tubular structure with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades of the plurality of blades.

Claims (12)

"METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", the wellhead penetrating an underground formation, the method comprising: the positioning (2281) of a safety system against overflows (108) with the tubular structure (118) through it, the overflow safety system having a plurality of plungers (24, 26) slidably positioned therein and a plurality of blades (150a, b) carried by the plurality of plungers for engaging the tubular structure (118); characterized in that the method further comprises: the provision of at least one of the plurality of blades with a tip (315) and a cutting surface (306), the tip having a shape configured to engage the tubular structure (118), such that a part is displaced from it; displacing the part of the tubular structure (118) by advancing the tip of at least one of the plurality of blades for engagement with the central part of the tubular structure (118); and widening (2285) through the tubular structure (118) with a cutting surface (306) of at least one of the plurality of the blades. "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to claim 1, characterized by also comprising the continuation of the advance of the plurality of pistons until the tubular structure (118) is cut. "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the widening step, the cutting surface is advanced until the tubular structure (118) is broken. "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, in the drilling stage, the tip engages a central coupling part (1900) of the tubular structure (118 ). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, in the displacement step, the tip dislocates an intermediate coupling part (1902) of the tubular structure (118 ). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in the widening step, the cutting surface passes through an intermediate coupling part (1904) of the tubular structure (118). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in the widening step, the cutting surface passes through an external coupling part of the tubular structure (118). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plurality of blades also comprises a pair of scrapers (302), the method further comprising , the passage of at least one of the pair of scrapers through at least a part of the tubular structure (118). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to claim 8, characterized in that, in the passage step, at least one of the pair of scrapers passes through an external coupling part of the tubular structure ( 118). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plurality of blades comprise an upper blade (150a) and a lower blade (150b), the method further comprising the passage of the upper blade (150a) through the tubular structure (118) above the lower blade (150b). "METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH", according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by each of the plurality of blades comprising: a blade body (307), having a front face (303) in one of its sides facing the tubular structure (118), the blade body (307) comprising: the cutting surface along at least part of the front face (303); and the tip along the front face (303) extending a distance beyond the cutting surface. “METHOD OF CUTTING A TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF A WELL MOUTH”, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by also comprising: the advancement of the plurality of blades through the tubular structure (118), after displacement, performing the widening until the tubular structure (118) is cut.

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