BR102017000644A2 - fluid organomineral soil conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

fluid organomineral soil conditioner. refers to a fluid organomineral conditioner (c), presented in two versions, one of high volume (ca) ready to be applied and another concentrated (cc), which needs to be diluted in water before use; both homogeneous suspension products, produced from preprocessing and two processing steps with simple execution steps, non-aggressive to the environment; rich in macro and micronutrients, as well as carbon and amino acid sources in its composition, being compatible with other agricultural products and promoting improved nutrient uptake efficiency, chemical, physical, physicochemical and chemical properties. biological effects of soils.

Description

"FLOWING ORGANOMINERAL SOIL CONDITIONER" BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[001] This patent application is for an unprecedented "FLUID ORGANOMINERAL SOIL CONDITIONER" which describes a less environmentally aggressive fluid organomineral conditioner rich in organic carbon and amino acids; which provides improved physical properties, especially soil water storage capacity; the physicochemical properties, in particular the increase of cation exchange capacity (CTC); and biological properties, providing greater diversity and activity in the microbiota in the soils where it is applied.

APPLICATION FIELD

[002] The present invention pertains to the chemistry section, to the fertilizer manufacturing class, specifically to fertilizer mixtures belonging to individual subclasses, mixing one or more fertilizers with substances that do not have specifically fertilizing activity.

CONVENTION

Plants need sixteen chemical elements essential for their nutrition, subdivided into two classes: macronutrients and micronutrients. They are macronutrients, because they are absorbed in larger quantities: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur; They are micronutrients, required by plants in small quantities, becoming toxic if found in high levels: iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum and chlorine.

[004] The important role of decomposed organic matter in nutrient supply has been known since the dawn of agriculture, at that time, man sought land rich in organic matter to practice agriculture (KIEHL, 2008), since not all nutrients are obtained from the soil; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, for example, come from air and water; however, all of them, without exception, can be found in decomposed organic matter (KIEHL, 1985). The very important role of decomposed organic matter is given by various mechanisms, which have action both on the physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological properties of the soil and, directly, on plant physiology (KIEHL, 2008).

In this context, fertilization is one of the most common practices ever used in agriculture. Nature is wise, says the popular saying, in the case of fertilization of plants, the best results are obtained when nature is imitated, repeating in the plantations what occurs naturally, the formation of litter, or more technically, as organic horizon. from soil. Due to the decomposition of the infested plant mass of microorganisms, worms, insects and other small animals, there is formation of humus and release of mineral salts containing the indispensable plant nutrients; the humus that is being generated combines with these mineral salts and generates an association that can be called "naturally formed soil fertilizers". In addition, the humus can still be combined with soil mineral colloids, clay minerals and iron and aluminum oxides, resulting in the important clay-humic complex.

Organic conditioners are substances often obtained by peat extraction in floodplain or mine areas, and in some cases this process occurs in countries other than where they will be synthesized industrially and, regardless of the extraction method, Conditioners are always composed of carbon chains, the same or similar to those found in nature; however, its composition is extremely variable due to the nature of the obtainment. For this reason, some companies that supply organic conditioners, after extraction, perform a standardization of the material to ensure a constant composition, within quality standards.

Conventional soil conditioners are sources of humic and fulvic acids; and its function is to simulate the composition of soil organic matter. To this end, some conditioners also have a formula supplemented with micronutrients and / or macronutrients to fit the legislation as organomineral fertilizers.

Because they are organic materials, it is natural and inherent for soil conditioners to act on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in a manner analogous to sources of organic matter applied to soil. Thus, organic conditioners are inputs that are intended for The objective is to improve soil conditions for the development of the root system of the implanted crop, taking advantage of the characteristics of the application of organic matter to the soil.

Although applied at doses much lower than those used in organic fertilizer, organic soil conditioners produce equivalent beneficial effects, especially in the rhizosphere.

[010] The current use of organic conditioners has shown great expansion, and some production units have already incorporated the application of organic conditioners to their production system in a systematic and routine manner. The application of conditioners is usually performed at the time of seedling coverage, but it has also been used in the formulation of fluid fertilizers, taking advantage of the structure of mixers and application implements to achieve a uniform distribution of the product directly in the region of development of the fertilizer. root system. Due to the low amounts of material applied, it is interesting to locate this input directly where it can promote benefits. Thus, careful application is essential to obtain good results, as with any input.

[011] Among the benefits of applying an organic conditioner to the soil are: improved physical properties, especially increased water storage capacity; chemical properties, in particular an increase in cation exchange capacity; and biological properties, with greater diversity and activity in the microbiota. This aspect in crops is generally of great importance, as there are extremely complex interactions involved in the nitrogen cycle, where atmospheric N-fixing free-living bacteria, the microorganisms responsible for decomposition and mineralization of the root system of the cut act. previous, mycorrhizae and other rhizosphere organisms in many different biological cycles acting in a still unclear way. For example, the N balance in sugarcane crop still has large knowledge gaps, as much more is exported than that applied in planting and soiling fertilizers (Demattê, 2004). Responses to nitrogen fertilization are still inconstant and difficult to predict, and the main expected effect of organic conditioners is precisely on the increase of fertilizer efficiency, and in general fertilizer application.

[012] Of all the improvements in soil properties, the most difficult to measure are undoubtedly the effects on soil microbiota, which has caused many poor quality and effect products to proliferate in the market in past decades, causing a great deal of damage. Very negative image generically attributed to all organic conditioners. Allied to this, a dogmatic militancy of some segments of society in defense of the environment, made the use of this type of product marginal, without the necessary study and investigation of results and cause and effect relations. However, the emergence of new products and companies in the market has made the discussion about their use again, especially after confirming consistent results in many experimental areas. Still, the enormous methodological difficulties that clearly and objectively identify the cause of the observed increases in productivity continue.

[013] One of the huge challenges for greater use of these products lies in the lack of standardization and analytical methodology of some products, which is gradually being circumvented by adopting the disclosure methods of analysis and providing assurance of composition of marketed products. This, coupled with the care required in any input application, tends to restore the credibility of organic conditioners, not as a "miracle product" but as a factor in improving the production environment, subject to the same benefit / cost analysis. like any other input.

[014] The process of obtaining the proposed fluid organomineral conditioner does not harm the environment by using any raw material from peat or mines. The organic materials used in these products are Soy Molasses, rich in total organic matter, degradable organic carbon, organic acids and amino acids; BiocharMicronized, rich in total organic matter and recalcitrant organic carbon; besides reuse water and pyroligneous acid. Thus, the production process employed can be considered a "green" process, as it includes reverse logistics in its production process, transforming what were previously environmental liabilities into assets, with high added value and standardization of final products.

Soybean Molasses, one of the conditioner components described in this patent application, besides being the source of organic carbon for the production of fluid organomineral conditioners, also provides all amino acids present in this product, including glutamic acid, whose results as a productivity and quality enhancer can be proven in several research works. The technical and economical feasibility of the use of amino acids in agricultural crops has generated an intense search for new sources of amino acids that are efficient, cost-effective and that exist in many countries. considerable volumes. Thus, a set of products based on the direct effect of proteins on plant physiology have been made available to farmers in recent years.

[016] This is modern agriculture based on the application of amino acids as a supplement to fertilization.

[017] Another raw material used is BiocharMicronized, whose main function is to provide hard to breakdown organic carbon, recalcitrant carbon. Processing of this raw material, drying and micronization, is part of the product technology, providing exposure to a very high specific surface of more than 800 m2 / g of product. The large specific surface observed in this raw material is charged with negative charges, which fix cations and provide excellent product stabilization, conferring a unique characteristic of maintaining fluid homogeneous suspension even with the addition of high doses of macro and micronutrients, thus It can be used to manufacture a wide variety of agricultural products. The biochar being a highly porous carbonaceous material containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having matrix of other functional groups; It can contain significant amounts of extractable humic and fulvic acid, with molecular structure of high degree of chemical and microbiological stability.

[018] Also a component of the fertilizer described in this patent application, a product of natural origin derived from smoke extracts, known as pyroligneous acid, with various forms of application, including agricultural, consists of water in its largest (80 to 90% - v / v) and a complex mixture of thousands of compounds containing more than 200 organic compounds, such as acetic acid, alcohols, acetones, esters, phenols and some lignin derivatives, hydrocarbons and nitrogenous compounds ( GUILLÉN et al., 1995; GUILLÉN & IBARGOITIA, 1996a, b, 1998, 1999; GUILLÉN & MANZANOS, 1996, 1997, 1999a, b, 2002; GUILLÉN et al., 2001; ADRIANSZ et al., 2000). According to MIYASAKA et al. (2001b), pyroligneous extract diluted in water at a concentration of 0.33 to 2% (v / v), when applied to the soil, improves its physical, chemical and biological properties, providing an increase of beneficial microorganisms and facilitating the absorption of nutrients from the soil. soil solution by plants. Although it is not completely known, it is unknown what the effects and actions of the different compounds present in smoke-derived extracts, some authors such as BROWN & VAN STADEN (1997), ROCHE et al. (1997), SENARATNA et al. (1999), VAN STADEN et al. (2000), GARDNER et al. (2001) reported that their action on seed germination is widely known and used in several ways. These authors also suggested that the active principle (s) in smoke could behave similarly to those responsible for regulating plant growth.

[019] In addition to the excellent components present in the Fluid Organomineral Soil Conditioner, its production process involves the reuse of water through the use of reuse water from the soybean processing plant obtained through modern water treatment systems, compact treatment plants, that is, for production no treated water or water from artesian and semi-artesian wells is used, which guarantees one more reverse logistics factor within this process, contributing to the sustainability of the new products and, consequently, to the environment and can thus be considered a product that uses "green" technology.

[020] From the foregoing, it is clear that the fluid organomineral soil conditioner, which uses raw materials rich in organic substances and mineral nutrients, is less aggressive to the environment and still includes reverse logistics in its production process. consistent with market demand.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[021] Currently, the use of organominerals has intensified, however, their use has been restricted to mixtures of organic and mineral products, as the industrialization process does not allow a good result because it loses some of its main characteristics. In addition, granulation for the production of conditioners and organomineral fertilizers has a high investment cost in machines. One of the current alternatives for the application of organominerals in agriculture is pelletization, but with some caveats for use, since many equipment used in agriculture do not fit this application. Although this technique presents less investment than granulation, the operating costs, especially in relation to energy and heat production, are quite high, making the industrialization costs of these products very high and uncompetitive.

[022] Soil conditioners, commonly found in the market, are peat-based, and have a need for product standardization. Such standardization is not always possible, as the sources of extraction are diverse, there is great variation in their composition. These conditioners are extremely harmful, from the environmental point of view, due to the large emission of carbon emitted into the atmosphere during the process of extraction and production of these fertilizers, besides impacting floodplain areas, which should be protected.

[023] In the present state of the art, there are some documents describing processes of obtaining and / or substances to be used in agriculture to increase the supply of available nutrients to the plants, but none of the previous findings anticipated the product described in the present application. Patent

[024] In the present state of the art is the prior art BR102015028735-6, entitled "Process of Obtaining Liquid Organomineral Base for Leaf Fertilizer and Product Obtained" which describes the process of producing a liquid organomineral base for leaf fertilizer which, in which formulation are found soybean molasses (M) as a source of degradable organic carbon and amino acids, macro and micronutrients essential to the good development of vegetables; in addition to reuse water (A). This base is obtained from the production of two solutions, which are subsequently mixed and give a final solution, with the necessary nutrient amounts and pH adjusted, between 4.5 and 8, according to the customer's needs. Due to the pH adjusted product, it does not promote alkaline hydrolysis and is compatible with the most used pesticides in agriculture, which allows the maximum adsorption of the essential nutrients present in its composition.

Although the above disclosure refers to an excellent product, its formulation is different since the product described in the present patent application has been contemplated with the insertion of amounts of pyroligneous acid in its composition. Thus, besides offering the necessary nutritional support for good plant development, it also has a component that behaves similarly to the substances responsible for regulating plant growth; which is not described by the aforementioned priority.

[026] Another related prior art present in the present state of the art is PI0518917-9, entitled "Liquid impregnated porous coal material by-product of amino acid fermentation, soil conditioner, and method for producing a porous coal material". impregnated with amino acid fermentation by-product "refers to an amino acid-impregnated material with a high absorption surface to be added to agricultural products as an active ingredient in its solid form or in suspension in order to combat sources of soil and physiological disturbances of plants, besides promoting plant growth during the crop.

[027] The foregoing describes a product to be used as an active component in other agricultural products and in suspended form, promoting plant growth and containing amino acids in its composition does not mention micro and / or macronutrients necessary for good plant development, which totally differs from this patent application.

[028] From the foregoing, it is noted that none of the foregoing found fully anticipate the proposal of the present patent application, and in this way, it provides a product that presents in its composition both nutritional elements, as well as element with important participation in plant growth regulation and still have a less environmentally aggressive production process and with highly product-friendly processing and pre-processing.

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION

[029] The present invention aims to provide a fluid organomineral soil conditioner rich in nutrients essential for good plant development that provides greater nutrient uptake by the plant and improvement of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil to which it is applied.

OF THE INVENTION

[030] The present patent application describes a fluid organomineral soil conditioner rich in nutrients essential for good plant development that provides increased nutrient uptake by the plant and provides improved physical properties, especially storage capacity. ground water; the physicochemical properties, in particular the increase of cation exchange capacity (CTC); and biological properties, providing greater diversity and activity in the microbiota in the soils in which it is applied; and which is still produced from a production process with environmentally friendly production steps, consisting of a preprocessing and two processing steps, which does not use any peat or mine feedstock, and use reuse water.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

In summary, the present invention has as its main advantages: Dispose of a product that uses reused water and does not employ water treated or from artesian and semi-artesian wells; • S Have a product that does not contain peat or mining material in its composition; S Arrange a product derived from a process considered green because it is less aggressive to the environment; S Provide a product with slightly acidic pH, which makes it compatible with most soil insecticides and other pesticides on the market, and allows the addition of micronutrients to the product, since there is no alkaline hydrolysis, improving physical characteristics, chemical and physicochemical soil where it is applied; S Dispose of a product presented in a complete, multi-mineral form, as it has in its composition Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Zinc, Boron, Copper, Manganese, Molybdenum and Cobalt; S Have a product with a high total organic carbon content, which increases the absorption efficiency of mineral nutrients by plants; S Have a difficult to degrade high carbon product, biocharmicronized, which allows it to increase its cumulative effect on the soil and provides a network that fixes atmospheric CO2 in the soil; f Arrange a product with standardized production process, with all raw materials with standard characteristics, unlike the conditioners extracted from nature. This ensures the quality and standardization of the product described herein under different controlled formulations; S Have a product with a balanced formula that contributes to the quality of agricultural production, which contains macro and micronutrients, organic acids, organic carbon (degradable and recalcitrant) and amino acids.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[032] The production process of the flowable organomineral soil conditioner begins with preparation of the reused water (1) which is treated and homogenized in a pre-processing described below and two further processing steps where they are prepared. two solutions (SI and S2) which are subsequently mixed, giving rise to two conditioner versions, the high volume (CA) and the concentrated (CC), which differ only in the quantity of components present in their formulation.

In a tank with constant recirculation and agitation, in the reuse water (1) is added a mixture of Quaternary ammonium (between 0.1 and 0.2%) + bactericidal based on Isothiazolinones (2) (between 0 , 1 and 0.5%) of the total volume of reuse water + 200 mesh xanthan gum (3) (between 0.1 to 0.3%) of the total volume of reuse water. The reused water is treated with these ingredients being added to the tank (E1), and the obtained mixture (4) is homogenized (E2) for a period of 4 to 5 hours, being stirred (E3) and recirculated (E4), giving water ready for use in process (A).

[034] For the preparation of solutions 1 and 2 (SI and S2), each component is pre-diluted and individually diluted in a premix tank, a specially allocated load cell tank for weighing control with forced aeration, agitation, recirculation and filtration (0.8 to 0.4 mm mesh). After the solutions 1 and 2 (SI and S2) are prepared, they go to the final solution tank, where the conditioners (AC and DC) are obtained.

[035] In the first processing stage, 17.5 to 28.50% of the total volume of the final product, which is mixed with the dry biochar, is added to the treated reuse water (A), which is mixed with the dry biochar. and micronized (5), between 1 and 10% of the total volume of the final product, and between 1 and 8% of the total volume of the final product with pyroligneous acid (6), being recirculated with filtrations (E6), in 0 mesh. 0.4 to 0.1 mm over a period of 15 to 25 minutes. Then, (E7) is added to the obtained mixture (7): from 0.0 to 3.0% of the total volume of the final product, the potassium element (8), and may be sourced from white powdered Potassium Chloride ( 60% K 2 O) and / or pink potassium chloride (60% K 2 O); up to 1.0% of the total volume of the final product, the element covers (9) 100%, having as source Copper Sulfate Monohydrate (35% Cu + 17% S) and / or Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate (25% Cu + 12% S); up to 1.0% of the total volume of the final product, the magnesium element (10) 100%, and may be sourced from Magnesium Sulfate Monohydrate (16% Mg + 17% S), Magnesium Chloride Solution (8.5% Mg) and / or SC Magnesium Oxide (52% Mg), up to 0.2% of the total volume of the final product, the cobalt element (11) 100%, and may be sourced from Cobalt Crystal Sulphate (20% Co + 11% S); up to 1.4% of the total volume of the final product, the manganese element (12) 100%, and may be sourced from Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate (31% Mn + 18% S), Manganese Sulphate Solution (10%) and / or Manganese Monoxide (50%); between 2.0 and 5.0% of the total volume of the final product, the zinc element (13) 100% and may be sourced from 99% Zinc Oxide (80% Zn) and / or Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate (35% Zn + 17% S); and between 7,5 and 12% of the total volume of the final product, soya molasses (14) with ° Brix between 71 and 75%; the resulting mixture (15) being stirred and recirculated (E8) for 20 minutes, and solution 1 (Sl) being obtained and reserved.

In the second processing step, between 17.50 to 28.50% of the total volume of the final product is prepared with the reuse water (A) which is added (E9) to a mixing tank, together with: between 15 to 24% of the total volume of the final product with soya molasses (14) with ° Brix between 71 and 75%; up to 3.0% of the total volume of the final product with 100% nitrogen element (16), with granulated urea (45% N) as possible source, then this mixture is stirred (E10), recirculated and filtered (Eli ) in a mesh of 0,2mm over a period of 15 to 20 minutes. Then (E12) are added: between 0.2 and 3.0% of the total volume of the final product with phosphorus element (17), 100%, being used as possible sources the MAP powder (50% P2O5), Phosphoric Acid (50% P2O5), Phosphorous Acid (85% P2O5) and / or Purified MAP (60% P2O5); 0.6% of the total volume of the final product with the molybdenum element (18) 100%, using as possible sources SC Sodium Molybdate (39% Mo), Molybdenum Trioxide (60% Mo) and / or Sodium Molybdate Solution (14% Mo); 0.1 to 1.5% of the total volume of the final product with the boron element (19), with possible sources being Boric Acid (17% B), Sodium Tetrahydrate Octoborate (20% B), Borax Decahydrate (11% B) and / or Ulexite (10% Boron). After addition (E12) of these components, the obtained mixture (20) is stirred (E13) and recirculated (E14) for 20 minutes and solution 2 (S2) is obtained.

[037] The final solution is obtained by mixing Solution 1 (Sl) with Solution 2 (S2). For this, the solutions (S1 and S2) are mixed (E15) in a specific tank (21), then the mixture is stirred (E16) and recirculation (E17) for 15 to 20 minutes. After this time the ready solution is piped to the last filtration system (E18) in line filters with mesh sizes between 0.80 and 0.20 mm. After filtration (E18) the product (22) is stocked in specific tanks and remains under slow agitation (E19) and recirculation (E20) for 1-2 days for stabilization, then the organomineral conditioner (C) is obtained ( F)

Depending on the dosage of the components present in its formulation, conditioner (C) may be a high volume conditioner (CA) ready to be applied; or, concentrate (CC), being necessary its dilution in water, before application. The final pH of conditioner (C) stabilizes between 4.0 and 4.3 in the high volume conditioner (CA), and between 3.8 and 4.0 in the concentrated conditioner (CC).

[039] The following are the technical specifications of the fluid organomineral conditioner (C), the final formulation and proportions of the components, as well as the required dosage in application for both the high volume conditioner (CA) and the concentrated conditioner. (CC): Test Result (Laboratorio Eurofins do Brasil Ltda.) Test Report: AR-15-GB-070060-01 Date: 05/08/2015 Lot: High Volume (AC) and Concentrated (CC) Soil Conditioner Other tests related to the composition of the conditioners (C) are as follows: DI004 Amino acids (acid hydrolysis) Method: EU 152/2009 (F) DJ009 Tryptophan Method: EU 152/2009, HPLC DJ011 Cystine, methionine (amino acid, oxidative) Method: EU 152/2009 (F) Heavy metals GR573 Arsenic Method: AOAC 2013.06, ICP-MS

Claims (6)

1. ORGANOMINERAL FLUID SOIL CONDITIONER, where the product is characterized by presenting in its formulation: reuse water (A), biocharmicronized (5), soy molasses (14) and pyroligneous acid (6). FLUID ORGANOMINERAL SOIL CONDITIONER, wherein the product according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is presented in two versions: the high volume soil conditioner (AC) and the concentrated soil conditioner (CC). ORGANOMINERAL FLUID SOIL CONDITIONER, wherein the high volume conditioner (AC) according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized by the following technical specifications: ν 'Total carbon: between 14 and 17% of the total volume of the product. product; S Organic matter: between 28 and 36% of the total volume of the product; Nitrogen: between 1.0 and 2.0% of the total volume of the product; S Phosphorus: between 1.0 and 2.5% of the total product volume; Potassium: between 2,0 and 3,0% of the total volume of the product; Calcium: between 0.40 and 0.80% of the total volume of the product; Sulfur: between 0,80 and 1,40% of the total volume of the product; Magnesium: between 0.40 and 0.80% of the total volume of the product; Zinc: between 0,60 and 0,80% of the total volume of the product; Boron: between 0,30 and 0,50% of the total volume of the product; ν 'Molybdenum: between 0,10 and 0,11% of the total volume of the product; Copper: between 0.15 and 0.25% of the total volume of the product; ν 'Manganese: between 0,15 and 0,25% of the total volume of the product; ν 'Amino acids: between 1,3 and 1,5% of the total volume of the product; ν 'pH: adjustable between 4.0 and 4.3 ν' Density: 1.15 to 1.20 g / ml ν 'Recommended dose: 100 L.ha 1 ORGANOMINERAL FLUID SOIL CONDITIONER, wherein the concentrated conditioner (CC) according to claim 1 and 2 has the following technical specifications: f Total carbon: between 10 and 14% of the total volume of the product; f Organic matter: between 18 and 22% of the total volume of the product; S Nitrogen: between 2.0 and 3.0% of the total product volume; Phosphorus: between 1.0 and 5.0% of the total product volume; Potassium: between 1.0 and 3.0% of the total volume of the product; S Calcium: between 0.4 and 1.2% of the total product volume; S Sulfur: between 3.0 to 5.0% of the total product volume; Magnesium: between 1.0 and 4.0% of the total volume of the product; S Zinc: between 4.0 and 5.0% of the total product volume; S Boron: between 1.3 and 1.5% of the total product volume; S Molybdenum: between 0.3 and 0.4% of the total volume of the product; S Copper: between 1.1 and 1.6% of the total product volume; S Manganese: between 1.2 and 1.5% of the total product volume; S Amino Acids: between 1.0 and 1.5% of the total volume of the product; S pH: adjustable between 3.8 and 4.0 S Density: 1.30 to 1.38 g / ml S Recommended dose: 15 to 20 L.ha 1 FLUID ORGANOMINERAL SOIL CONDITIONER where, according to claims 1 and 3, the high volume soil conditioner (AC) is characterized by having an adjustable pH between 4.0 and 4.3. FLUID ORGANOMINERAL SOIL CONDITIONER where, according to claims 1 and 4, the concentrated soil conditioner (CC) is characterized by having an adjustable pH of between 3.8 and 4.0.