BG66581B1 - Method and a installation for high temperature pyrolysis of organic substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to a method and a device for pyrolysis of organic substances, which are used for neutralization of waste, and this goes together with production of energy from carbon-containing substances that fall away in the every-day life and in the industry. It is based on autothermal pyrolysis of organic materials (e.g. waste) after their preliminary heating with synthesized gas, which is produced in the catalytic conversion of organic fuel with water vapour. A variant of the method is based on initial heating of the pyrolysis reactor with oxygen-hydrogen mixture. As a result of the described process is received burning gas, which is used for autothermal support of the pyrolysis, while the surplus gas is used as a source of energy for production of electrical energy, for heating, etc. Carbon is obtained as a hard residue, which depending on the conditions is to participate in the burning process, or to be used as a commercial product.

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to a method and installation for high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, which will find application in the processing of waste from household and industry for the production of energy from substances containing carbon.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Devices for pyrolysis of car tires are known, which usually produce a liquid combustion product and a solid carbon residue. These devices require preheating of the tires, high pressure of the pyrolysis process and a distillation plant that is connected to the pyrolysis reactor. In addition, storage and marketing of the liquid product is required.

From patent document US 4118282 A is known a device for pyrolysis of waste organic substances by microwave treatment. This device uses microwave radiation, which is associated with high energy consumption.

Also known is U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,889 A, which discloses a high temperature pyrolysis plant in which the pyrolysis process takes place in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 399 ° C to 760 ° C. Preliminarily, the pyrolysis reactor is heated by a furnace at the left end of which gas burners are mounted. As a result, the feed material begins to decompose by chemical reaction, forming a hydrocarbon pyrolysis gas and a solid carbon residue. The installation is also equipped with a cooling system to maintain the desired temperature.

The known installation does not provide autonomous thermal maintenance of the pyrolysis process.

Technical essence of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and installation for high temperature pyrolysis of organic substances in which direct waste-free pyrolysis of the raw material is carried out at low energy consumption and in which a gaseous product of high energy value is obtained without the formation of heavy fractions and dioxin.

The problem is solved by creating a method for high temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, including preheating of a pyrolysis reactor by mixing combustible gas, air, oxygen - hydrogen mixture and water vapor to obtain a temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C. The method also includes the following operations: dosed feeding of pre-shredded waste product; performing steam-catalytic conversion in the pyrolysis reactor to obtain synthesis - gas; performing pyrolysis of the waste product at a temperature up to 2000 ° С; separation in the pyrolysis reactor of a solid residue containing inorganic substances, after which the pyrolysis gas is removed in a cyclone and its purification from solid particles and separation of a solid carbon residue.

The problem was solved by creating an installation for high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, including a pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor according to the invention is provided with a feed device for raw material and with an auger for removing solid residue containing inorganic substances. In its lower part, the pyrolysis reactor is connected on the one hand to hydrogen cells via an air line and on the other hand to a steam generator via a pipeline. In its upper part, the pyrolysis reactor is connected via a hot gas pipeline to a cyclone, in the upper part of which a filter is mounted, connected to a pipeline for removal of pyrolysis gas. In its lower part the cyclone is equipped with an auger for removal of solid carbon residue.

The created method and installation for high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances provide direct pyrolysis of the raw material, heated during the combustion of hydrogen hydroxide without the use of a catalytic reactor for the initial production of synthesis gas. Due to the high temperatures during the application of pyrolysis, the formation of heavy fractions as well as dioxin is impossible.

The created method is completely waste-free, leaving no unusable solid or liquid residue. The obtained gaseous product has a high energy value and can be used both for autothermal maintenance of the technological

66581 Bl process, both for the production of electricity through co-generation for domestic heating.

Explanation of the attached figure

The present invention is illustrated in the attached figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of an installation for high temperature pyrolysis of organic substances.

Examples of the invention

The created installation for high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, shown in fig. 1 comprises a pyrolysis reactor 4 equipped with a feeder 1 for feedstock and an auger 8 for discharging a solid residue containing inorganic substances. In its lower part the pyrolysis reactor 4 is connected on the one hand to hydrogen cells 2 through an air duct 6 and on the other hand to a steam generator 3 via a pipeline 7. In its upper part the pyrolysis reactor 4 is connected to a cyclone 5 via a hot gas pipeline 9, in the upper part of which a filter is mounted, connected to a pipe 10 for removal of pyrolysis gas. In its lower part the cyclone 5 is provided with an auger 11 for removal of solid carbon residue.

The installation works as follows.

Initially, the pyrolysis reactor 4 is heated by mixing combustible gas, air, oxygen-hydrogen mixture and water vapor to obtain a temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C. The oxygen-hydrogen mixture is obtained in oxyhydrogen cells 2, forming a battery, and the steam is obtained from a steam generator 3. Dosed feeding of the pre-shredded waste product, for example car tires, plastic bags, sawdust and others, begins. As a result of parocatalytic conversion in the pyrolysis reactor 4 synthesis is obtained - gas is a high calorific value. The composition of the synthesis gas depends on the ratio of the supplied gas mix, the amount of water vapor and the composition of the waste. The amount of hydrogen after the conversion of heavier gases increases, which significantly increases the combustion rate, heat dissipation and efficiency of the installation itself. This leads to a rapid rise in temperature in the pyrolysis reactor 4, which is heated during the combustion of this gas to 2000 ° C. Once obtained, this gas is used to maintain the temperature in the pyrolysis reactor 4, to further heat the steam and the reactor 4. As a result, the pyrolysis of the organic matter and its conversion into a burning gas and solid residue containing inorganic substances, in bulk. After completion of the pyrolysis, the solid product is removed from the pyrolysis reactor 4 through the auger 8. The residual gas is further purified from solid particles in the cyclone 5. The solid carbon residue is separated from the cyclone 5 by the auger 11.

The solid carbon residue can be used for industrial purposes as a filler for car tires, soot and others. It can also be used for additional gasification by pyrolysis according to the scheme described above, as in the already heated reactor around 750-800 ° C water vapor is supplied and part of the solid carbon plays the role of a powerful reducer and catalyst, and itself participates. in the process. The water vapor reacts with the carbon to form a gas mixture, until the carbon is completely consumed.

The excess pyrolysis gas remaining after maintaining the temperature in the pyrolysis reactor 4 and in the steam generator 3, after being cleaned of solid particles in the cyclone 5, can be used to generate electricity by co-generation.

As a result of the described process, burning gas is obtained, which is used for autothermal maintenance of pyrolysis, and the excess is used as a source for electricity production, heating and others. As a solid residue, carbon is obtained, which participates in the combustion process or is used as a commercial product, depending on the conditions.

Claims (2)

Patent claims A method for high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, comprising preheating a pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that the preheating is carried out by mixing combustible gas, air, oxygen-hydrogen mixture and water vapor to a temperature of 700 ° C. up to 900 ° C, the method including the following operations: - dosed supply of pre-shredded waste product; - performing parocatalytic conversion in the pyrolysis reactor to obtain synthesis - gas; 66581 Bl - pyrolysis of the waste product at a temperature up to 2000 ° С; - separation in the pyrolysis reactor of a solid residue containing inorganic substances, after which a cyclone is carried out $ removal of pyrolysis gas and its purification from solid particles, and - release of solid carbon residue. Installation for high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, comprising a pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor (4) is provided with a feed device (1) for raw material and with an auger (8) for removing solid residue containing inorganic substances, in the lower part of the pyrolysis reactor (4) on the one hand is connected to hydrogen cells (2) by air (6) and on the other hand to a steam generator (3) by pipeline (7), where in the upper part of the pyrolysis reactor (4) is connected to a cyclone (5) by a pipeline (9) for hot gas, in the upper part of which a filter is mounted, connected to a pipeline (10) for removal of pyrolysis gas, as in its lower part the cyclone (5) is equipped with an auger (11) for removal of solid carbon residue. Application: 1 figure