BG66566B1 - A method and a composition for producing liquid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention shall be applied in new types of alternative fuels – liquid hydrocarbon light fuels containing nanofuel in the major class of gasoil and kerosene. They are suitable for employment in boilers of thermal power stations et al. The invention comprises a new composition to produce nanofuel consisting of oil derivatives – crude oil and/or low quality oil derivatives in the range of 35 to 60% of the total mass of the composition; coal powder of various type – brown, lignite, anthracite from 5 to 35%mass, particle size up to 100 microns; ethanol as denaturated ethanol from 5 to 15%mass and water up to 100%. The new method to produce nanofuel consists in mixing two streams: the first stream of water and ethanol and the second stream – coal powder and oil derivatives. The method applied employs a specific in-line technology consisting of a mixer and two cavitators to finely disperse, emulsify and homogenize of liquid systems of the type gas/liquid, liquid/liquid, liquid/solid.

Description

Field of technology

The invention will find application in energy, in particular in the production of new types of alternative fuels - liquid hydrocarbon light fuels containing an energy product - liquid fuel, in the basic class of gas oil and kerosene. They are suitable for operation in heat boilers in thermal power plants, etc.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Methods and compositions for the production of hydrocarbon fuels are known, in which mineral oils mixed with water and emulsifiers - surfactants - surfactants are used as starting materials to stabilize the oil-in-water emulsion. The method for the preparation of these fuels consists in pre-mixing the oil with a surfactant using rotary mills at a speed of 1650 rpm, after which water is introduced up to 15% (wt) at elevated temperature. Then water was added again to 2030% (wt) and the mixture was mixed again in rotary mills.

Methods and compositions for the preparation of hydrocarbon fuels are known in which an anionic surfactant dispersing agent is used for the resulting oil / water emulsion, which is first added to the oil, and after the subsequent addition of water, a nonionic surfactant is added.

For all fuel composition compositions described above, the oil: emulsifier: water ratio is in the range of 8384: 0.5-3: up to 100%.

The problem of the known methods and starting compositions for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is the low stability of the aqueous emulsions, which stratify the constituent elements. This degrades the quality of the fuel received. The use in the mixture of expensive surfactants - surfactants, greatly increases the cost of the final fuel product.

The oil / water emulsion has a strong corrosive effect on the combustion plant.

The equipment used in the application of the known methods is quickly depreciated, which requires frequent repairs and the quality of the obtained fuel is low.

The stratification of the constituents in the fuel indicates that the resulting product has retained the structure of the original, which does not lead to a qualitatively new product.

There is a known method and composition for the preparation of hydrocarbon liquid fuels, in which the components and weight percentages of the composition are the following: oil from furforal extract or cracking resin 40 - 50%; coal tar 20%; alcohol (methanol or ethanol) 10-20%; functional additives surfactants 0.5 -1%; water 5-10%; The surfactant is the active agent OP-U and sodium sulfonate from petroleum as a preservative.

The method for producing liquid fuel involves the preparation of Mixture A and Mixture B:

The oil from the furfural extract or the cracking resin constituting 40-50% is mixed with the alcohol constituting 10-20% under the following conditions: ambient temperature 0-20 ° C, with continuous stirring for 40 min. The mixture thus obtained is Mixture A.

The 20% charcoal resin is mixed with 5-10% water with constant stirring for 40 minutes. The mixture thus obtained is Mixture B.

Mixture A and mixture B are then mixed by adding functional surfactants, representing 0.5-1% of the content. Stir the mixture for 40 minutes. And so the liquid fuel is obtained.

Disadvantages of this method are analogous to the first:

- the emulsion containing oil / water is highly corrosive and frequent repairs of the installation are required;

- the resulting mixtures have low stability, which are stratified into constituent elements;

- Functional additives, which are actually surfactants, are expensive and often unstable.

Technical essence of the invention

The objective of the present invention is to obtain unconventional in nature, with unexpected characteristics, light hydrocarbon fuel with C - C _{| 7} , using easily feasible installations, corrosion resistant, with reduced content of harmful emissions during its combustion, by environmentally friendly technology using conventional starting products.

The problem is solved with the proposed complex50

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66566 B1 of the invention, representing a new composition of raw materials and a specific method for their processing, in order to obtain a hydrocarbon liquid fuel, by artificial modification of hydrocarbon molecules in the mixture water - coal - oil derivatives.

The initial composition for the production of liquid fuel contains petroleum products - crude oil or low-quality petroleum derivatives in an amount of 35 to 60% in the total mass of the mixture; coal dust of different types - brown, lignite, anthracite, etc. from 5 to 35% (w / w) with particle sizes up to 100 microns; ethanol, in the form of denatured alcohol, from 5 to 15% (wt) and plain water up to 100%.

The method for obtaining liquid fuel from the above starting composition of raw materials consists in mixing two streams - the first stream consisting of water up to 100% and ethanol 5 15% and the second - coal dust 5 - 35% of the total mass and petroleum products from crude oil or petroleum products 35 - 60% ..

The first flow is obtained by mixing water with ethanol in a special tank, and before entering it the quantities of these two components are regulated by two flow meters. A circulating pump is used to maintain a constant concentration of the aqueous solution.

The second flow is obtained by mixing coal dust and oil products as from the coal dust storage hopper and from the oil storage tank through respectively: dispenser - for coal and dosing pump - for oil products, the raw materials enter the low-speed mixer, according to the type and ratio of the components, so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture which, through a dosing pump for high-viscosity liquids, enters a vortex mixer in which it is mixed with the first stream entering it.

The two streams are mixed at ordinary ambient temperature.

After the vortex mixer, the resulting emulsion under pressure of 1.5 to 2 bar, without access of oxygen, enters successively in a first-stage cavitator and through a pump in a second-stage cavitator, after which a hydrocarbon mixture is obtained - fuel, which is a viscous liquid. The mixture is taken to a storage tank.

Advantages of the invention

The advantages of the invention are:

- the initial composition for obtaining the liquid fuel contains water, which reduces the amount of used oil derivatives;

- low-quality oil derivatives can be used for the production of liquid fuel, which utilizes waste products and minimizes the amount of waste;

- the liquid fuel is obtained by environmentally friendly technology with possible mobility depending on the needs;

- the liquid fuel is homogeneous and does not stratify in a sufficiently wide range of water content in the initial mixture;

- the liquid fuel has "lubricating" properties with respect to the equipment in which 20 is used;

- no expensive emulsifiers or lubricants are added when using the liquid fuel;

^ 5 - liquid fuel refers to ecological fuels due to the fact that low-quality derivatives are used for its production, and the water content in the initial mixture reduces the emission of harmful gases during the technological process, which proceeds with reduced emission of CO ₂ and Χ _χ ;

- liquid fuel replaces traditional fuels used in energy;

5 - liquid fuel has a high calorific value, close to that of fuel oil.

Explanation of the attached figures

Figure 1. Technological scheme of an installation for production of liquid fuel.

Figure 2. Cross-sectional profile of rotor and stator disk.

Figure 3. Longitudinal section of a cavitator.

Embodiments of the invention

The starting composition for the preparation of liquid fuel consists of petroleum products, such as crude oil or low-quality petroleum derivatives in an amount of 60% (wt) in the total weight of the mixture; 5% lignite coal powder pulverized to 100 microns; ethanol in the form of denatured alcohol in an amount of 50 15% by weight and plain water up to 100% by weight.

The method for obtaining water-carbohydrate

66566 Bl native fuel consists in the artificial modification and transformation of hydrocarbon molecules in the water-ethanol-coal-oil mixture, by hydrodynamic decomposition of the substances in it under the influence of friction and centrifugal forces carried out in the individual facilities.

This transformation of the hydrocarbon molecules of the starting materials used is carried out as follows.

The water stored in tank 1 with a volume of 5 t ³ for one hour consumption and the ethyl alcohol stored in tank 2 with a volume of 2.0 t ³ , also for one hour consumption, are mixed in a special tank 17 with volume for one hour consumption as the movement of water and the alcohol to the tank 17 is carried out by dispensers 5 and 6, controlled locally, remotely, automatically, pumps 11 and 12 and ultrasonic flowmeters 13 and 14. A circulating pump 18 is used to maintain a constant concentration of the aqueous solution.

The mixture of alcohol and water forms the first stream, which through a regulating valve enters a vortex mixer 20 type ejector.

The second flow is obtained by feeding coal dust from the hopper 3 through a dispenser, propeller type 7 to a dynamic mixer, paddle type 9. The oil derivatives also enter the same mixer from the oil tank 4 through a dosing pump 8.

The speed of the dynamic mixer is adjusted according to the type and ratio of the components so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Then, through the dosing pump 10, the homogenized mixture enters as a second stream in the vortex mixer 20, in which it is mixed to a fine emulsion with the first stream at ambient temperature. The same then under a pressure of 1.5 to 2 bar and without access to oxygen is fed successively in a cavitator first stage 21 and through a pump 23, in a cavitator second stage 25 - both driven by electric motors 22 and 24. The product obtained by means of a pump 26 is discharged into the finished fuel storage tank 28 (Figure 1).

Cavitators 21 and 25 are devices for continuous dispersion, emulsification, mass transfer and homogenization of liquid systems such as gas / liquid, liquid / liquid, liquid / solid, resulting in a stable homogeneous product. Each of them consists of a working chamber in which a rotary rotating disk 30 is located, on the surface of which are formed a series of radially arranged cones 31 and stator disks 32 located on both sides of the rotor disk. A series of radially arranged cones 33 is also formed on the inside of the stator disks. The rotor disk is arranged relative to the stator disks, so that when the two surfaces fit together, a zigzag working space is formed, through which the fine emulsion obtained from both streams and comes out in the form of a viscous liquid with brown-black color / Figures 2 and 3 /.

Claims (3)

Patent claims Composition for the preparation of liquid fuel, containing petroleum products, coal, ethanol and water, characterized in that the petroleum products are from 35% to 60% of the total mass, coal is from 5-35%, ethanol from 5-15% and water up to 100%. Composition for the production of liquid fuel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coal is brown, lignite or anthracite - in the form of a powder with a particle size of up to 100 microns, and the petroleum products are crude oil or petroleum derivatives, and ethanol is in the form of denatured alcohol. 3. A method for producing liquid fuel, comprising mixing at ordinary temperature two streams of components containing water, ethanol, petroleum products and coal, characterized in that the first stream contains water and ethanol, which is in an amount of 5- 15% of the total mass, which raw materials are stored in a tank (1 and 2) and a second stream, respectively, containing coal in the form of coal dust with a particle size of up to 100 microns and an amount of 5-35% and petroleum products 35-60%, which are stored in tanks (3 and 4), respectively, the components of the first flow are mixed in a tank (17) and the quantities of the two components are regulated by two flow meters (13 and 14) and a circulation pump (18); the mixing of the components of the second stream of coal dust and oil products is performed as before from the coal dust storage hopper (3) and the oil product storage tank (4), through a coal dispenser (7) and a dosing pump for oil products (8). ), the raw materials arrive 66566 B1 in a low speed mixer (9) for homogenization, through a dosing pump for liquids (10) the mixture enters a vortex mixer (20) in which it is mixed with the first stream of water and ethanol; after the vortex mixer, the obtained emulsion, under a pressure of 1.5 - 2.0 bar, without access of oxygen, enters successively in two cavitators (21 and 25), after which the obtained liquid fuel goes for storage in a tank (28).