BG63406B1 - Internal combustion piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine is used in the motor-car industry, for the manufacture of tractors, locomotives, in shipbuilding, etc. It is multi-cylinder type, has lightweight and elongated design which includes two coaxial cylinder blocks on which a common crankshaft is resting. A disk (7) is resting on the shaft (2) at an angle with a revolving connection which is connected to the pistons of the two blocks by means of connecting rods or piston rods with kinematic connection amd slides to the cylinder blocks. To disk (7) and cylinder block (1) one gear rim (9 & 10) each are mounted which are intermeshed. Cylinder heads (11) for a two-stroke or four-stroke mode of operation are mounted to the cylinder blocks (1) or instead moving pistons (15) analogically connected by disks to the common crankshaft are fitted in opposite position in elongated cylinder blocks. 9 claims, 5 figures

Description

(54) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Technical field

The invention relates to a piston internal combustion engine, which is used in the transport, automotive, shipbuilding and other fields.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A four-stroke internal combustion engine with axially concentric cylinders with a central Z-shaped crankshaft is known, to which is connected by a rotating disc whose relative axis of rotation intersects the axis of rotation of the crankshaft. To the periphery of the disk with spherical connections are connected reels, which are also connected with spherical connections to the pistons. To the cylinder block is connected a tooth crown coaxial to the crankshaft, clamped with a tooth crown coaxially mounted to the disc. The cylinder head contains two camshafts at an angle to each other, which are differently connected to the valves for the individual cylinders.

The disadvantage of this engine is that the number of cylinders is only odd and limited to 3, 5, 7 and 9, the valve is complicated by a larger number of cylinders. The uneven angular velocity remains high, operating only in four-stroke mode, making it unsuitable for high-speed slow-motion engines such as marine engines.

Another internal combustion engine with an axial cylinder block is known, in which the block moves piston pairs connected to a common body, which through a kinematic connection is connected to a radially cylindrical guide, fixedly fixed to a disk, which is supported by a rotating connection at an angle. to the Z-shaped crankshaft.

The disadvantage of this engine is that the force flow from the pistons to the crankshaft causes corresponding friction between the pistons and the cylinders, resulting in faster wear. The kinematic coupling does not provide the necessary motion capability to realize said engine kinematics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to create a piston engine that has a lightweight construction with an appropriate ratio of overall dimensions - reduced relative height and width, able to work with horizontally located cylinders, have a good coefficient of uneven angular velocity, be able to realized for four-stroke or two-stroke operation for the whole power range, have small vibrations, be economical.

The problem is solved by a piston internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block with axially and concentrically arranged cylinders, which contain pistons, connected by means of reels with double spherical connections to one disk, which is connected by a rotating connection at an angle to the crankshaft. with a Z-shaped knee. The shaft is coaxially mounted with rotary bearings to the cylinder block, to which the block is coaxially mounted a conical gear wheel, which is secured to a conical gear wheel coaxially mounted to the disk, and on the other side of the cylinder block coaxially mounted a single cylinder head to each cylinder. The cylinder head comprises a four-stroke or two-stroke valve, which is linked to a crankshaft by a gear or other kinematic or hydraulic chain. For two-stroke, gas-filled and purge engines, the cylinder head is valveless or has an extended cylinder block with counter-rotating pistons instead of a cylinder head. The pistons are similarly connected to the crankshaft by means of a disk which is similarly connected to the crankshaft and the cylinder block but is defaced 180 ° with respect to the first disk. The engine also includes relevant lubrication, cooling, food, ignition, starting and other known systems. To the cylinder block, to which the cylinders are arranged on a concentric circle or other closed lines, as well as two rows for a larger number of cylinders, a second cylinder block is coaxially connected with the same or another number of cylinders, located on the other side of the disk and having an analog cylinder head, for example, with a four-stroke engine timing mechanism implemented with a planetary gear mechanism which is coaxially arranged on the crankshaft and its central gears are connected respectively to the crankshaft and the cylinder block, and a conical gear wheel is mounted to the drive, to which the camshafts radially disposed on the cylinder block - one for each cylinder - or two parallel camshafts, interconnected by a pair of gears or by a timing belt, or instead of a cylinder head implemented a similar mechanism for blowing and filling cylinders whose pistons are connected in a similar manner to the common for the two cylinder blocks disk, which also have a common crankshaft. In a four-stroke mode, the cylinders of the second cylinder block are aligned with those of the cylinder block when the number of cylinders of one cylinder block is even and is 6, 10, 14, etc. or misaligned and offset by 1/2 angular pitch of the cylinders when this number is odd, i.e. 3, 5, 7, 9, etc. In two-stroke operation, the cylinders of the two cylinder blocks are aligned with an odd number of cylinders and are displaced by 1/2 angle step when their number is even. In the case of the elongated cylinder blocks, instead of the cylinder heads, opposite pistons are mounted, connected in a similar manner to the disks, defaced 180 ° defaced to the common crankshaft and connected in the same way to it and to the respective cylinder blocks. It is possible to design the engine with one cylinder block and counter-rotating pistons connected to two 180 ° disks, which are connected as in the other variants of the engine to the cylinder block and the common crankshaft. To the crankshaft, for all variants of the engine, there are connected flywheels, as well as made counterweights, located on both sides of the crankshaft opposite the knees for balancing the centrifugal forces created by them. A piston-to-disk linkage variant is made without a reel by a kinematic joint, providing the required three rotations and two translations, which is made of a radially oriented disc and mounted on it with a circular or other cross-section guide. The guide is connected to a cylindrical or sliding connection to a spherical body by an opening through its center, enclosed by a 5 spherical bearing shell, which is externally shaped as a parallelepiped or other suitable shape and has a sliding or cylindrical connection to a rectangular tube or other guiding tube with a sliding line oriented transversely to the piston rod and tangentially to a circle concentric to the crankshaft. The rectangular tube is fixed to the piston rod to which the piston is fixed. The piston rod 15 has a rectangular or other cross section and is connected by a sliding connection to the respective cylinder block. The connection is either one-sided and is located between the piston and the rectangular tube located at the two ends of the piston rod, or it is bilateral and has two sliding connections which are located on either side of the rectangular tube which is located in the middle of the piston rod. . A double piston rod is mounted on the piston rod, if there is a cylinder block on one side of the disk or the cylinder blocks are on either side of the disk but are misaligned, cylinders offset by 1/2 corner step, or at both ends of the cylinder. The piston rod is fitted with one piston when there are cylindrical blocks with coaxial cylinders on both sides of the disk, whereby for an engine with horizontally positioned cylinders, all piston rods, if they have flat sliders, slide in parallel horizontal planes. For two-stroke engines having holes in the walls of the cylinders for window filling or purging, the oil sump ring is fitted at the end of the extended piston. In the "upper" dead position of the piston, the oil sump ring is "below" the openings in the cylinder, and in the "lower" dead position the compressor rings, or part of them, overlap the oil part of the walls of the cylinders located "below" the upper position of the oil sump ring. . The compressor rings have a bevel at the "lower" outer cylindrical part. There are fixed nozzle tubes attached to the cylinder block for extensive oiling of the inside of the piston, the walls of the cylinder and other details of the piston group. When there is one piston in the cylinders, additional masses are installed to the crankshaft, located on both sides of the centerline of the shaft, in an analogous manner to counterbalances to the crankshaft elbows to balance the inertial forces, which also fulfill the functions of flywheels and are connected to the crankshaft. When the number of cylinders of one cylinder block is not multiplied by four and the cylinders of the two cylinder blocks have one piston each, additional masses are mounted to the periphery of the disk to completely balance the inertial forces.

The main advantages of the engine are that it increases the volume of the cylinders and the number of working strokes with a partial increase of one of the engine dimensions - the length and while maintaining a common crankshaft and a common disk, as for some variants with opposing pistons there are also adding one or two additional disks to the common crankshaft. For example, for a two-stroke, 8-cylinder, single-cylinder engine, the addition of a second cylinder block is equivalent to a 16-cylinder with 16 stroke. With an extended single cylinder block and opposing pistons therein, the engine is equivalent to a 16-cylinder with 8 stroke. In the case of the second cylinder block and the reciprocating pistons in the two blocks, the engine is equivalent to 32 cylinders with 16 stroke.

Another advantage of the engine is that the kinematic coupling used makes it possible to eliminate the friction of the pistons in the cylinders, which results from the transfer of the force flow from the pistons to the crankshaft, as well as the friction from the weight of the pistons in a horizontal arrangement of the cylinders. This is a significant advantage, especially for heavy-duty marine engines that will be able to operate at low relative height and width and little wear on pistons and cylinders.

The half-angular step deflection of the cylinders of the two units achieves twice the stroke of an odd number of cylinders for four-stroke engines and an even number of cylinders for two-stroke engines. An advantage of the engine, especially at high power, is the ability to be built on a modular basis on cylindrical blocks.

Description of the attached figures

An exemplary embodiment of the engine is shown in the accompanying figures, of which:

Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the crankshaft motor along the centerline of the crankshaft and the centerline of the cylinders lying in the same plane, with a disc variant for misaligned cylinders;

2 is analogous to FIG. 1 section of a twin-cylinder reciprocating piston engine;

3 is analogous to FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a single cylinder block reel engine and counter-pistons, with two piston variants shown, shortened and extended;

Fig. 4 is an analogous section of Fig. 1 to the section of the engine with a kinematic connection between the pistons and the disc in coaxial cylinders;

5 is analogous to FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an engine with a kinematic connection between the pistons and the disk in two cylindrical blocks with counter-rotating pistons, showing two variants of guiding the piston rod - one-sided and double-sided.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder block 1 (FIG. 1) with an even or odd number of cylinders, arranged axially and equidistant by a circumference, in the center of which is a Z-shaped crankshaft 2 bearing to the cylindrical block with radial -axial bearings 3. In the cylinders there is one piston 4 with compressor and oil sump ring, which pistons are connected by means of reels 5 with bilateral spherical connections 6 to disk 7 whose geometric center lies on the axis of rotation of the crankshaft. The disk 7 is supported to the Z-shaped knee of the crankshaft 2 by two radial-axial bearings 8 whose center line intersects the axis of rotation of the crankshaft. To the disc 7 there is a conical gear 9 mounted, aligned with the geometric axis of the disc, which is clamped to a conical gear 10, which has the same number of teeth and is mounted coaxially on the cylinder block 1. The dental flaps are arranged such that the tips of the cone The rolling surfaces are assembled at the intersection T of the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 2 and the geometric axis of the disk 7 whose center lies at the same point T. To the cylinder block 1, opposite to the disk 7, is mounted cylinder head 11 with gas distributor m for four or two-stroke mode. For four-stroke operation, the example gas distributor includes (not shown in the drawings) a planetary mechanism with a centered gear wheel with externally cut teeth mounted on the crankshaft 2, and a central gear wheel with internally chopped teeth mounted coaxially to the cylinder block 1. To the planetary mechanism has a conical gear wheel connected to which are engaged conical gears mounted to camshafts radially disposed on the cylinder block, one for each cylinder or two, with the second arrangement the cast shaft is parallel to the first shaft and kinematically connected to it by a pair of gears or by a gear belt. The camshafts are located in the cylinder head 11 and are connected to the valve mechanisms. For a two-stroke valve purge operation, the gas distributor, for example, is provided with a cam disk coaxially mounted on the crankshaft 2, to which the disc is contacted directly with the cam valves, which, for example, are also filled with a round roll, or are indirectly contacted. through mares. Instead of camshafts, the control and actuation of the valves can be realized by hydraulic system or otherwise. In the case of two-stroke window blowing and gas filling motors, for example, an elongated cylinder block (Figs. 2, 3, 5) is made instead of cylinder head 11 (Fig. 2, 3, 5) and a second reciprocating piston group 13 is installed, which provides straightforward non-valve purging and filling cylinders. There are variants of known systems not shown in the drawings - lubrication, cooling, starting, food, ignition, etc., necessary for the engine to function.

To the cylinder block 1 (Fig. 1) on the other side of the disk 7 is coaxially mounted a second cylinder block 14, which is analogous to cylinder block 1. It contains the same number of cylinders, pistons 15, reels 16, which are connected in a similar way to disk 7 through spherical connections 17. The two cylinder blocks 1 and 14 have a common crankshaft 2 which is supported in both cylinder blocks 1 and 14, as well as a common disk 7. The cylinders in the two blocks may not be arranged concentric to the crankshaft shaft 2 circles, and along another line, such as a square or other closed line or double fat for engines with a large number of cylinders. The cylinders of the two cylinder units 1 and 14 are coaxial or incongruent - half-angular phase deflection. The cylinder head 18 of the second cylinder block 14 is analogous to the cylinder head 11 of the cylinder block 1. Using the reciprocating pistons 13 instead of the cylinder heads 11 and 18, the engine construction shown in FIG. 2. For example, using an elongated cylinder block 12 and reciprocating pistons 13, the engine, for example, has the form shown in FIG. 3. The connection of the pistons to the disk 7, for example, is also made without a reel - through a kinematic connection (Fig. 4), which consists of a radial guide 19, connected to the disk 7 fixedly, which is connected by a sliding or cylindrical connection to a spherical body 20, which is enclosed by a spherical bearing shell 21 which is externally shaped as a parallelepiped or cylinder and enters a rectangular or circular tube 22 oriented with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the piston rod 23-24 and tangentially to the concentric of the crankshaft 2. The rectangular tube 22 is located in the middle of the piston rod 23-24 (Fig. 4) when a disc 7 is connected to two connected pistons 4 and 15 of two coaxial cylinders on the two cylinder blocks 1 and 14, located on either side of disk 7. When there is a cylinder block on only one side of disks 27 and 28 of FIG. 5 or the second cylinder block 14 (Fig. 4) on the other side of the disk 7 has cylinders not aligned with the cylinders of the block 1, a disk 7 is connected with one piston 13 (Fig. 5). In such an engine, the piston rod, for example, consists only of a section 23 between the piston 13 and a rectangular tube 22, or extends beyond a tube 22 with a section 24. The two variants are shown in FIG. 5 for the two end discs 27 and 28. The piston rod 23-24 has a rectangular or other cross section and is connected to the respective cylinder block 1 and 14 by sliders 25 and 26.

For two stroke engines with window purge and gas filling, the pistons are extended 29 (Fig. 3) so that in the "upper" dead position, the oil collecting ring 30 is below the openings in the cylinder 31, which allows crankcase lubrication and cooling of the pistons, cylinders, reels and others. elements in this group, which is reinforced by injection of pressurized oil through nozzles 32 (Fig. 3) located at the end of the cylinder and directed to the piston 13, 29.

To counterbalance the inertial forces from the movement of the pistons and other reciprocating elements, additional masses, similar to counterweights 33 to the knee 34 (Fig. 1), or flywheels 35 with a displaced mass center are mounted to the crankshaft 2. in the same direction as the counterweights 33.

For complete balancing of the inertial forces to the disk 7, as well as to the other disks, additional masses are mounted, located on the periphery of the disk.

Use of the invention

The performance of the engine depends on the mode of operation - four-stroke or two-stroke. In a four-stroke mode, when the cylinders of the two connected cylinder blocks 1 and 14 are narrow and their number is 6, 10, 14, etc., i.e. 2K, where K is an odd number, the change of cycles is performed sequentially by pairs of cylinders in one block, and for the two cylinder blocks, the cycles are defaced by two cylinders. For example, for 6 cylinder blocks 1 and 14: block 1 - ++ xx ++, block 14 - xx-H-xx, common to both cylinder blocks 1 and 14 xxxxx, where "x" stands for "expansion" stroke and "+" stroke "Suction". For an odd number of cylinders, the clock cycles are changed for each cylinder. The cylinders of the two units 1 and 14, in this case, are misaligned and deflected in 1/2 angular steps. For example, for 5 cylinder blocks: block 1 - + x + x +, block 14 - x + x + x, the total of the two cylinder blocks 1 and 14 - xxxxx.

For two-stroke engines, when the number of cylinders is odd, the cylinders are narrow and the number of "expansion" cycles corresponds to the number of cylinders in the two cylinder blocks 1 and 14. For example, for 5 cylinder blocks: block 1 - xxxxx, block 14 - xxxxx, the two cylinder units 1 and 14 - xxxxxxxxxxx. For an even number of cylinders, the two cylinder blocks 1 and 14 have cylinders defaced in 1/2 angular steps and the number of expansion cycles also corresponds to the total number of cylinders. For example, for 6 cylinder units 1 and 14: block 1 - xxxxx, block 14 - xxxxx, in total both blocks 1 and 14 - xxxxxxxxxxxxx.

The axial piston engine variants thus implemented have a lighter construction with better angular velocity uniformity than those of known axial motors.

Claims (9)

Claims 1. A reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a cylindrical block with axially and spatially cylindrical cylinders containing pistons connected by means of reels with double spherical connections to a disk which is connected by a rotating connection to a crankshaft with a Z-shaped crankshaft, which is axially mounted with rotary bearings to the cylinder block, to which a conical gear wheel is secured, secured by a conical gear wheel coaxially mounted to the disk, and on the other side of the cylinder block is coaxially mounted cylindrical cylinder head or separate cylinder heads to each cylinder head having a four-stroke or two-stroke valve or a cylinder head for a two-stroke engine with a window purge and gas cylinder filling or a cylindrical cylinder block extending instead of a cylinder head in cylinders, pistons connected to a second disk, movably connected to the crankshaft and defaced 180 ° relative to the first disk, the engine also having a corresponding lubricant, cooling, ignition, starter and other known systems, characterized in that a second cylinder block (14) of the same or different number is coaxially connected to the cylinder block (1), on which the cylinders can be arranged in another closed line or in two rows. cylinders and is located on the other side of the disk (7), which has a second block analogous to the first gas distribution block and its pistons are connected to the joint for the two cylinder blocks disk (7) which is movably connected to the common crankshaft (2), to which the shaft has a flywheel (35) and counterweights you (33), located on either side of the crankshaft (2) opposite to the knees (34) to balance the centrifugal forces created by them, whereby for the four stroke mode the cylinders of the second cylinder block (14) are aligned with these of the cylinder block (1) when the number of cylinders of one cylinder block is even and is 6, 10, 14, etc. or they are misaligned and are displaced by 1/2 angular step of the cylinders when this number is odd - 3, 5, 7, etc., and in two-stroke mode the cylinders of the two cylinder blocks (1, 14) are coaxial at an odd number of cylinders and are displaced by 1/2 an angular step when their number is even. An engine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the cylinder heads (11, 18) comprise a four-stroke gas-distributing mechanism, a planetary gear mechanism arranged in alignment with the crankshaft (2) with central gears connected respectively to the crankshaft (2) and the cylinder block (1) to which a conical gear ring is mounted to the drive, to which the camshafts radially disposed on the cylinder block (1) are mounted, one for each cylinder or two parallel distributors. and shaft interconnected by a pair of gears or by a timing belt. An engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the two cylinder blocks (1, 14) are elongated cylinder blocks (12) and instead of cylinder heads are mounted opposite reciprocating pistons (13), connected respectively to the disks (27). , 28), which are mounted defaxed 180 ° to the common crankshaft (2) and connected similarly to it and to the elongated cylinder blocks (12). Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with an elongated cylinder block (12) and reciprocating pistons connected to two 180 ° disks (27, 28) which are connected in a manner analogous to the others. options for cylinder block (12) and crankshaft (2). A motor according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the connection between the piston (4) and the disk (7) is made non-reeling through a kinematic connection (19, 20, 21, 22) providing the required three rotations and two translations, which is made of a radially oriented disc (7) and a guide or circular section (19) connected thereto, which is connected by a cylindrical or sliding connection to a spherical body (20) through an opening through its center, which body is enclosed by a spherical bearing shell (21) which is shaped externally as a parallel a pipette or other suitable shape, having a sliding or cylindrical connection to a rectangular tube (22) or a directing cross-section with a sliding line oriented transversely to the piston rod (2324) and tangential to the concentric shaft (2), which is a rectangular tube (22) fixed to the piston rod (23-24) to which the piston (4) is fixed at one end, the cross section of the piston rod (23, 24) having a rectangular or other shape and permitting a sliding connection (25, 26) to the corresponding cylinder block (1, 14). A motor according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that the connection between the piston rod (23-24) and the cylinder block (1, 14) is one-sided, located between the piston (4) and the rectangular tube (22), which are located at either end of the piston rod (23) or are double-sided and have two sliding links (25, 26) which are located on either side of the rectangular tube (22) which is located in the middle of the piston a rod (23-24) on which at each end there is one piston mounted on coaxial cylinders or one piston on misaligned cylinders or when there is a cylinder block ok only on one side of the disk. An engine according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that in the case of two-stroke operation there are openings in the walls of the cylinders for window purging or gas filling, the oil collecting ring (30) is located at the end of the extended piston (29) such that the area of its movement is outside the window openings (31) in the cylinders and the compressor rings or part thereof are arranged such that the area of their motion partially overlaps with the area of movement of the oil collecting ring and are formed by a bevel at the bottom, from the side crankshaft 5, outer cylindrical part, wherein at the end of the cylinders there are fixed tubes (32) to the cylinder blocks with nozzles for heavy oiling on the inside of the piston, the walls of the cylinder and other details in this space. Engine according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that when there is only one piston in the engine cylinders, the crankshaft (2) is mounted on both sides of the centerline. on the shaft, analogous to counterweights (33) to the crankshaft (34), additional masses for balancing inertial forces, which masses also perform the functions of flywheels (35) and are fixedly connected to the crankshaft (2). An engine according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, characterized in that when there is only one piston in the engine cylinders and the number of cylinders per cylinder block is not a multiple of 4 , additional masses are mounted to the periphery of the disk (7) to fully balance the inertial forces. Attachment: 5 figures Literature 1. US 5 094 195.