BG2958U1 - Device for intensification of exchange chemical and hydrometallurgical reactions with use of high voltage pulse electrical discharges in liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for intensification of chemical and hydrometallurgical reactions. The reactor consists of a preparation vessel (1) with two material inputs, respectively an inlet (2) - for solid components and an inlet (3) - for liquid components, as in the volume of the preparation vessel (1) is installed a heater (4) and a vibration-latticed membranes (5), and from the lower part of the vessel (1), the mix of components enters a slurry pump (6) which creates a hydraulic pressure that returns a portion of the mix through the Laval nozzle (7) back to the preparatory vessel (1), and the other part through a regulating valve (8) enters a pipe conduit - endless screw (9), where the driven by a geared motor (10) a shaft (11) transmits a rotary motion of the volutes with openings (12) with attached thereto blades with holes (13), as along the shaft (11) are arranged one or more zones for discharge spark gaps (14) with a negative insulated electrode (15) and a positive electrode (16), as well as the positive electrode (16) represents a rotating disk attached to a shaft (11) and the two electrodes (15 and 16) receive energy from a pulsed high-voltage discharges generator (17), and on the outer wall of the pipe conduit - endless screw (9) is mounted a heater (18), a pressure gauge (19) and a thermometer (20), as on the back of the mix inlet, through the regulating valve (21) and the outlet pipe (22), the mix is fed to a settling tank - drain trap (23) with three discharge openings for the ready solution (24), for the finished sludge (25) and for air obtained through bubbling (26) which is fed through a pipe (27) and an regulating valve (28), and in a settling tank (23) are mounted reflectors (29). 2 claims, 1 figure

Description

The utility model refers to a reactor device designed to intensify exchange chemical reactions and processes occurring in a liquid medium with the application of combined effects to generate high macro- and microturbulence to achieve high energy levels of electrical potentials at the molecular level, destruction in the zones of crystalline or pseudocrystalline isomorphism, with the ultimate goal of achieving fast and complete mass and ion exchange. These processes are, if necessary, intensified by maintaining temperature regimes through which convective diffuse flows are generated. Such metabolic chemical processes as extraction, leaching, sorption, desorption, etc. are used in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical-processing, hydrometallurgical and other industries, as well as for treatment of available pathogenic microorganisms of wastewater from animal husbandry, poultry, domestic water, etc., in order to utilize them in agriculture.

Methods are known in which turbulence is generated by conventional agitators - multi-row and with different configurations, by high-pressure circulating slurry pumps, by vibration or high-frequency ultrasonic fields generated by piezoelectric emitters, by increasing the reactive surfaces with the help of screens, vertical-screw reactors, application of overpressure or vacuum, gas bubbling, etc.

Invention US 5670065 (A) relates to a device for dry treatment of finely granulated materials, while our utility model relates to a device for treatment in liquid media.

The treatment of the treated material according to the invention US 5670065 (A) is carried out in two successive zones: a) an infrared radiation zone for pre-drying the treated material and b / an electromagnetic treatment zone. In the invention A US5670065 (A) the process takes place only in conditions of transport macro activation and in the three embodiments - a fluidized bed tunnel, a rotating tubular drum and an auger-transport device. There is no dynamic and microturbulence.

In our utility model there are more combinations of factors for impact at macro and micro level, but in a liquid environment with the introduction of vibrating gratings in the liquid reaction medium, impact through high-voltage pulse discharges and there are conditions for stress-reactive internal transport.

Invention US 5670065 (A) relates only to organic materials that respond (feed) to infrared radiation treatment, while our utility model is intended for the treatment of organic and inorganic materials.

In the invention, a vacuum is maintained continuously to remove the reaction gases, while in our utility model the main process takes place in a closed liquid volume with the possibility of forming an overpressure.

Conclusion: there is no target analogy, no technological analogy, no analogy of the conditions in the processes in the compared devices.

Invention WO 2012009783 (A1) relates to a method and a device intended for waste-free treatment of solid household waste - MSW or Municipal Solid Was! - MSW and is a dry technology.

The existence of the term "electrodes" is associated with the formation of a plasma channel between them in a low oxygen environment, in which the carbon from the organic components of solid waste is converted into carbon monoxide (and partially into carbon dioxide). In the area between the electrodes of the plasma channel - FRG ZONE - gasification zone is finely injected (injected) water, which at high temperatures decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen, and hydrogen reacts with carbon to form methane gas. This is a summary of the technology and purpose of the invention WO 2012009783 (A1).

Conclusions: There is no target analogy; there is no technological analogy.

The presence of a vertical screw agitator serves to move the shredded / shredded / material from the charging zone to the FRG zone, as well as to facilitate the removal of gases formed in the plasma channel.

2412 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 07.2 / 31.07.2018

The invention 205868271 CN (U) relates to a reactor device in which heat can be generated for efficient reactions by attaching the resistance element directly to the spirals of the conveying auger and supplying them, respectively, to the positive and negative electrodes by means of a sliding attachment.

The terms "positive and negative" electrodes in the claims of invention (U) do not coincide with the notion of electrodes for electrohydraulic effect.

Conclusions: There is no target analogy; there is no analogy of the conditions during the processes in the compared devices - 3 pieces for the same method.

The presence of an auger for one of the devices is not competitive - in (U) the auger is only "transport" (famous!) And "heating" - with a built-in electric heater (novelty!)

Devices are known in which turbulence is generated by mechanical stirrers - multi-row and with different configurations, by high-pressure circulating sludge pumps, by the action of vibrations or high-frequency ultrasonic fields generated by piezoelectric emitters, by increasing the reactive surfaces by means of sieves. screens, vertical-screw reactors, application of overpressure or vacuum, gas bubbling, etc.

A disadvantage of the known reactors is that they synergistically combine no more than three forms of impact on the processes in the reaction medium, mainly relying on impacts at the level of macroturbulence. The methods and reactors for impact at the micro level - at the molecular level are of limited application due to the insufficient power of modern piezocrystal ultrasonic emitters.

The task of the utility model is solved by acting in the reaction processes simultaneously and together with the possible and known modern means for generating macroturbulent effects - such as dynamic - vortex stirrers, dynamic circulating hydraulic flows, mechanical vibration effects, increasing the total active reaction surface. thermal convective flows and supply of gas components for the formation of dynamic bubbling, and high-voltage pulsed electric discharges are introduced into the reaction volume. These high-voltage pulse discharges in a liquid medium are generated by known electrical circuits in charging stations generators of electrohydraulic effect. These discharges cause an underwater explosion in the reaction volume, which in addition to the disintegrating effect of high-speed expansion and subsequent contraction with macrocavitation, generates a powerful ultrasonic field, causing microturbulent movements and microcavitation phenomena that affect at the molecular level. The total effect of all this allows the reactor volumes to be minimized, and the main action of the processes to take place in the transport part of the general equipment system. Conditions are created for the introduction of a stress transport system, in which the required reaction proceeds in parallel with the transport of solutions, pulps, sludges, sludges, etc. objects of reaction, mass transfer and ion exchange treatment.

The reactions according to the utility model are carried out in a device which consists of three technologically connected parts. The first part is a conventional preparatory court, in the volume of which the possible effects at macro level are formed. The second part of the device receives an already homogenized mix with a partially conducted reaction and is subjected to a certain pressure in the actual stress part, in which the reaction proceeds in time in parallel with the transport process under the influence of additional pulsed electric discharges. The third part of the device is a vessel in which the already reacted components are discharged, and in the volume of this vessel additional air or other reactor gas can be added to cause bubbling, as well as the separation of sludges from solution or light from heavy fluids.

An advantage of the reactor device for intensification of bulk reactions, according to the utility model is the ability to maintain high turbulence in the preparatory volume of the device, in which the components to be treated are homogenized and preconditioned enter under a certain pressure in the actual stress part in which the reaction proceeds synchronously with the transportation of the material flow itself due to the additional impact of elec

2413 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 07.2 / 31.07.2018 the little hydraulic effect. The discharge pipe, located at the end of the transport section, transfers the finished collective product to another collection volume - settling tank / precipitator / to separate the various products from the reactions. The minimization of reaction times and the possibility of minimizing reactor volumes is due to all factors included in the utility model for the manifestation of maximum turbulence as a macro effect, but more important are the factors of the electrohydraulic effect that causes local stress from microturbulence at the molecular level. These are the consequences of a powerful blast wave that propagates at supersonic speeds; reverse - cavitation wave from the filling of the explosive vacuum; intense ultrasound radiation with a wide frequency spectrum; microcavitation phenomena, with an impact on the entire volume of the transport system - reactor and even less studied so far effects, such as electromagnetic and radiation emissions and other concomitant phenomena that can only enhance the above-mentioned reactions.

An exemplary embodiment of the device is shown in the attached figure, which is a longitudinal vertical section of the device.

The reactor consists of a preparation vessel 1 with two feed inlets, respectively inlet 2 - for solid components and inlet 3 - for liquid components, as in the volume of the preparation vessel 1 there is a heater 4 and vibroacoustic activators 5, representing vibrating lattice membranes. part of the vessel 1 the mixture of components enters the slurry pump 6, which creates a hydraulic pressure returning part of the mix through the accelerating nozzle of Laval - hydroacoustic jet nozzle - activator 7 back into the preparation vessel 1, and the other part through the control valve 8 enters the pipe - screw conveyor 9, where the motor-driven gearbox 10 shaft 11 transmits rotational motion of turns with holes 12 with blades with holes 13 attached to them, and along the shaft 11 are located one or more areas for discharge sparks 14 with a negative insulated electrode 15 and a positive electrode 16, the positive electrode 16 being a rotating disk attached to a shaft 11 and both electrodes 15 and 16 receiving energies a heater 18, a manometer 19 and a thermometer 20 are mounted to the outer wall of the auger conveyor pipe 9, and in the reverse side of the mix inlet, through the control valve 21 and the outlet pipe 22 the mix is fed in a settling tank - precipitator 23 with three unloading openings for ready solution 24, for ready sludge 25 and for barbutation gases 26, which is fed through a pipe ΊΊ and a control valve 28, and in settling tank 23 reflectors 29 are mounted.

The device according to the image works as follows: the solid and liquid components are fed metered into the preparation vessel 1 through inlet 2 and inlet 3 respectively and fall into a zone of synergistic turbulent effects generated by the thermal convection of heater 4, vibrating lattice membranes 5 and vortex. high-speed flows formed by a slurry pump 6 through Laval nozzles 7. Another part of the mix prepared in vessel 1 through the control valve 8 is fed into the stress-turbulent zone of the bacon conveyor 9. The mix entering this zone 9 is sufficiently homogenized and with partially reacted reactions when subjected again to macro-influences from the rotation of the shaft 11 with coils with holes 12 and blades with holes 13, which create activating macroturbulence under conditions of slight overpressure up to about 1.2 bar, the direction of rotation of the screw auger 9 with a shaft lie designed to push the mix from the inlet to the outlet of the system. The required temperature of the heater 18 is maintained in the reactor volume, measured with a thermometer 20, and the pressure is regulated by a control valve 21 and measured with a manometer 19. In a certain section along the reactor volume in the screw auger conveyor 9 with shaft 11 or more zones for discharge sparks 14, where a high-voltage pulsed electric discharge occurs between the two electrodes 15 and 16, the impact of this discharge is at the micro level, acts intensively on and inside the structures of the components involved, which intensifies diffusion manifestations, accelerates mass and ion exchange.

The separation of the phases after the reactions is carried out according to the known practices in a settling tank - precipitator 23. It should be noted that due to the impact of pulsed discharges in a liquid (suspension) medium, the precipitation of solid phases is accelerated up to several times without flocculants .

2414 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 07.2 / 31.07.2018

If necessary, air or other bubbling gas can be added in the area of the precipitator 23 through a tube 27 and a control valve 28.

For safety when working with the device, the generator of high-voltage pulse electric discharges 17 is separated by a barrier from the device itself, the negative electrode 15 is reliably insulated, and the positive electrode 16, as well as the whole housing - tube - shaft - auger 9 is grounded. The strength of the pulses and their frequency in time are regulated by the control and measuring equipment of the generator 17. The pipe - screw conveyor 9 is reliably grounded electrically.

Claims (2)

Claims Device for intensification of extraction, chemical and hydrometallurgical reactions, which consists of three series-connected reaction volumes, the volume of the first of which is a preparatory vessel (1) with two feed inlets, respectively for solid components (2) and for liquid (3), a heater (4) being mounted in the volume of the vessel (1), and a slurry pump (6) and a control valve (8) connected to the second reaction volume, representing a horizontal, being mounted in its lowest part. auger conveyor (9) with gear motor (10) and shaft (11), with heater (18), manometer (19), thermometer (20) and vertically leading reaction mix pipe (22) attached to the bacon conveyor pipe (9) with a control valve (21) and a control valve (28) to a tube (27) for gas bubbling components to the third reaction volume, representing a settling tank (23) with three unloading outlets, respectively for a ready solution (24), ready sludge 25) and for gases after bubbling (26), characterized in that that in the lower parts of the first preparatory volume, representing a vessel (1) are mounted two or more vibroacoustic activators (5), as well as two or more hydroacoustic jet nozzles - activators (7) connected to a slurry pump (6). Device for intensification of extraction chemical and hydrometallurgical reactions according to claim 1, characterized in that the bacon coils of the coil of the bacon conveyor (9) in the second reaction volume contain holes (12), and to the coil coils themselves are longitudinally attached blades with holes (13), one or more zones representing local sparks (14) for high-voltage pulsed electric discharges in a liquid medium consisting of a negative electrode (15) and a positive electrode (16) are located along the length of the shaft (11). ), which is a rotating disk firmly attached to a shaft (11), the two electrodes (15 and 16) being energetically connected to a generator (17) outside the device.