BG111087A - Reinforced concrete thermal panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a reinforced concrete thermal panel and can be applied in the construction industry, particularly in the construction of low-energy, passive, zero-energy and positive-energy buildings. The thermal panel is executed as a fa?ade panel suitable for walls or roofs, and as a floor panel. The fa?ade panel consists of exterior plane from reinforced concrete (1), interior plane from reinforced concrete (2) and placed between them layer of solid polyurethane (3). In the exterior plane (1), a coil (5) is integrated, which is part of an exterior heat transfer system for accumulation of heat or cold from the outdoor weather conditions, by means of frost-resistant fluid circulating through the system. In the interior plane (2), a coil (6) is integrated, which is part of an interior heat transfer system for utilization of the accumulated heat or cold produced by the exterior heat transfer system. The floor panel consists of an upper (21) and lower (22) planes from reinforced concrete with embedded coils (17) and (18), while by means of the coil in the upper plane (17) the heat accumulated by the exterior heat transfer system can be utilized and by means of the coil in the lower plane (18) - the accumulated cold by the exterior heat transfer system can be utilized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to reinforced concrete thermopanel and will find application in the field of construction, in particular for the construction of low-energy, passive, zero-energy and plus-energy buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are various solutions for the construction of panel buildings, which generally boil down to the following:

- Reinforced concrete panels manufactured in workshop conditions and used for the construction of buildings, mainly residential blocks, which form the facade, interior spaces, floors, ceilings and roof of the building;

- reinforced concrete panels consisting of two panels with integrated thermal insulation and reinforcement connecting the two halves, pouring concrete into the cavity left for this purpose after their installation;

- sandwich panels made of sheet metal on both sides and with polyurethane or mineral wool in the middle, used for mounting to a supporting structure in the construction of industrial halls, refrigeration rooms and others;

sandwich panels with OSB boards on both sides and polyurethane or

Μ

Styrofoam in the middle, used for mounting to a supporting structure when constructing one-storey, two-storey houses and other buildings;

- large-panel panels of wooden construction, with mineral wool and other insulating materials are used for the construction of prefabricated buildings, houses, pavilions, etc.

The disadvantages of the known solutions are:

- they do not have energy generation and distribution facilities;

- insufficient thermal, noise insulation and fire protection properties;

- availability of thermal bridges;

- low degree of readiness of the wall in workshop conditions;

- long duration of the production process;

- unsuitable for the construction of passive, zero- and plus-energy buildings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to create a reinforced concrete thermopanel, multifunctional, self-supporting, with a very high degree of completion in workshop conditions, combining optimally the modern requirements for thermal, noise, fire, and waterproofing. The panel should allow for the construction of energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable architectural solutions that achieve passive heating and cooling, completely independent of external energy sources and with the potential for zero carbon emissions.

This objective is achieved by the invention according to the invention reinforced concrete thermopanel, realized in two varieties, namely facade thermopanel and floor thermopanel.

The facade thermal panel is intended for the construction of facades and roofs of buildings. It consists of an external reinforced concrete slab, an internal reinforced concrete slab and a layer of rigid polyurethane foam between the two slabs. An external concrete plate incorporates a tubular coil, which is part of a single external heat transfer system formed by the coils of the outer panels of the facade thermal panels in the building. Cold-resistant fluid circulates in the external heat transfer system, which during the day accumulates energy from solar radiation and at night cools. The parts of the surface of the exterior reinforced concrete panel, in which the coil is not installed, may be lined with solar photovoltaic panels or massively used facade lining materials such as ceramics, stone, plaster and others. Exterior reinforced concrete may include doors, windows, ventilation parts and energy-efficient systems. Mounting plates are provided in the plane for connection with the external reinforced concrete panels of the adjacent panels. The reinforced concrete interior includes reinforced concrete beams and columns providing the required strength of the panel as a supporting element in the structure of the building. A tubular coil is incorporated into the core of the panel, which is part of an internal heat transfer system formed by the coils of the internal panels of the facade thermal panels. The cold-resistant fluid from the external heat transfer system transfers heat or coolness into storage tanks for direct or

air-conditioned rooms, by circulation of a water energy carrier in the internal heat transfer system. Inside the reinforced concrete panel are provided in accordance with the outer panel the possibilities for installation of doors, windows, ventilation, as well as elements of the electrical system of the building and of the water supply and sewerage system. Along the periphery of the inner panel are sections for mounting to the internal reinforced concrete elements of the base plate and adjacent panels. The outer and inner reinforced concrete panels are spaced apart by spacer bolts and joined together by a layer of rigid polyurethane, which ensures the structural integrity of the panel and the thermal insulation of the building without thermal bridges.

The floor thermopanel includes an upper reinforced concrete and a lower reinforced concrete slab, both of which are connected by supporting beams. In the upper reinforced concrete plane is a tubular coil, which is part of the floor heat transfer system. The energy from the external heat transfer system stored in the storage tank is absorbed in a defatted or direct manner by circulating a water heat transfer medium in the floor heat transfer system. A tubular coil is incorporated into the lower reinforced concrete plane, forming part of a ceiling heat transfer system. The accumulated coolness from the external heat transfer system is used defused or directly by circulating a water energy carrier in the ceiling heat transfer system. At the periphery of the panel, at its four ends, there are separate sections for its mounting to the structure of the building. The space between the two panels is filled with insulation material.

The advantages of reinforced concrete thermal panels are due to the combination of exceptional adhesion and thermal insulation properties and non-deformable polyurethane, with the best characteristics of reinforced concrete in terms of strength, thermal conductivity, storage capacity, durability and reliability. The advantages are as follows:

-exclusive thermal insulation U <0.15 [W / m ² K] at wall thickness 24-28 [cm];

- very good sound insulation Rw, r> 52 dB;

- reliable fire protection - F90-A;

- the need for external solar collectors and internal heat distribution units is eliminated, ie the exterior and interior appearance of the building are improved;

- there is no need for expensive and technically sophisticated energy production facilities such as heat pumps, solid, liquid or gas fuel boilers, etc .;

- increasing comfort and significantly improving the healthy climate of the buildings;

- the seismic stability of the building is significantly increased;

- the effective utilized area is increased by 6 to 10% compared to the facade walls of energy efficient buildings with other insulation materials;

- decreases the mass of the building compared to the buildings filled with the known reinforced concrete panels, improving the static, dynamic strength and durability;

- energy consumption for heating, cooling and domestic hot water • 4 decreases more than 10 times, since in most of the year these processes are carried out in a passive way, ie. without the production of heat or cold, but through the direct or dephased use of accumulated daytime energy and nighttime chill;

- Improves the recyclability of known reinforced concrete panels;

- significantly reduces environmental pollution by significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions, over 95% to 100%;

- it is possible to remove recycled reinforced concrete panels from existing residential blocks and use them for the production of reinforced concrete thermal panels in the construction of new energy efficient low-rise buildings;

Reinforced concrete thermal panels fully meet the criteria for the construction of environmentally friendly and sustainable buildings.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES Attached

Figure 1 is a front view of the front thermopanel;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along AA of the facade thermopanel; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the B-front of the front thermal panel; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the CC of the facade thermopanel; FIG. 5 is a front view of a floor thermopanel;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along D-D of the floor thermopanel;

7 is an installation of two facade panels facing each other and to the floor;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the mounted panels according to EE.

EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

An exemplary embodiment of the reinforced concrete front panel according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 to 4. The thermal panel includes an external reinforced concrete panel 1 consisting of reinforcement 8 and concrete 4 with a built-in coil 5, which forms part of the external heat transfer system to obtain heat and cool from the external climatic conditions, by circulating cold-resistant fluid in the system. At the beginning and end of the coil 5, connection points 10 are provided for its connection to the external heat transmission system of the building. On the periphery of the plate 1 are mounted mounting plates 11 for its connection to adjacent panels. While the exterior reinforced concrete panel 1 mainly forms the façade and provides for the installation of a heat transfer system as well as the hydro- and fire protection of the building, the interior reinforced concrete panel 2, in addition to these functions, has the main task of providing the necessary strength and bearing capacity of the thermal panel through the built-in columns. including supporting armature 7 and concrete 4. In addition, a tubular coil 6, which is part of the internal heat transfer system for tempering the concrete slab, is embedded in the inner plane 2. bone, respectively radiant air-conditioning of the internal volume delimited by the panel. At the beginning and at the end of the coil 6, connection points 9 are provided for its connection to the internal heat transmission system of the building. Pa

the periphery at the four edges of the panel 2 are separate mounting sections for connecting the fixture 7 to that of the adjacent panels. Also fitted are linings 25 for connection to adjacent panels via connecting strips. The outer reinforced concrete plate 1 and the inner 2 are spaced apart from each other by spacer screws with nuts 23 at a distance determining the wall thickness and thermal insulation capabilities, between which a rigid polyurethane foam 3 extends which seals the volume between the two planes and connects them to one another. without thermal bridges. The heads of the bolts and nuts are connected by welding 19 to the respective coupling links 24.

An exemplary embodiment of the installation of two adjacent facade panels to one another and to the floor is shown in FIG. 7 and 8. The mounting plates 11 of the outer reinforced concrete panels 1 are connected to each other by means of a connecting plate 12 and welds 19, the connection sections being filled with cement grouting 15. The fittings 7 in the assembly sections along the periphery of the inner panels 2 are connected through the connecting plate 13, and the joint between the two panels is filled with mounting polyurethane 14 and mounting quick-setting cement mass 16. The lining 25 at the corners at the periphery of the panel is connected by welds 19 to the connecting plate 12.

An exemplary embodiment of the reinforced concrete floor panel is shown in FIG. 5 and 6. The panel is made up of two panels, upper 21 and lower 22, made of concrete 4, reinforcement 8 connected in one by means of supporting beams with built-in supporting armature 7. In the upper plane 21 is incorporated a coil 17, which is part of the floor heat transfer system, and a coil 18, which is part of the ceiling heat transfer system of the building, is embedded in the lower plane. The space between the upper and lower panels is filled with thermal insulation material 20. On the periphery of the panel there are separate sections for connection and concrete casting of the supporting armature to the adjacent panels. These sections have separate connection points for connecting the coils of the panel to the building systems.

Claims (3)

Patent Claims 1. Facade reinforced concrete thermopanel comprising external and internal reinforced concrete panels with an intermediate thermal insulation layer, the sections having separate sections for mounting to adjacent panels, characterized in that in the outer reinforced concrete panel (1), consisting of 4 (4) consisting of concrete (4) and armature (8) is embedded tube coil (5) forming part of the external heat transfer system for receiving thermal energy or coldness _p $ _er by outdoor climatic conditions, by circulation of 'cold-resistant fluid, while at the beginning and end of the coil and (5) separate points of attachment (10) and mounting plates (11) for connection to adjacent panels are installed along the periphery of the plate (1), whereby in the concrete interior plane (2) consisting of concrete (4) and supporting armature (7) is a built-in tubular coil (6) forming part of an internal heat transfer system for absorbing stored energy or 'W' cool by circulating a water energy carrier in the system, separate at the beginning and end of the coil (6) attachment points (9), and along the periphery of the plane (2) mounting sections (7) are separated and linings (25) for connecting and μοκίκ / to adjacent panels are installed, whereby the two plates are spaced apart from each other by spacer nuts (23), such as the thermal insulation layer between the outer plane (1). and the inner plane (2) is a layer of rigid polyurethane (3) that provides the structural integrity of the thermal panel and connects the panels without forming thermal bridges. 2. Reinforced concrete thermo-panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it incorporates doors, windows, parts of the ventilation system, energy production or transmission systems, as well as elements of the building's electrical system, ventilation, and of the water supply and sewerage system . 3. Reinforced concrete floor panel, characterized in that it comprises upper and lower reinforced concrete slabs connected by concrete beams (4) and supporting reinforcement (7), with a tubular coil (17) forming part of the floor in the upper reinforced concrete plane. heat transfer system for heating the building by circulating in the water energy system, and in the lower reinforced concrete plane there is a tubular coil (18), which is part of the ceiling heat transfer system for cooling the building by circulating in the water system. an energy carrier, wherein at the edges of the panel there are separate sections for mounting to the adjacent panels, the space between the two panels being filled with insulating material (20).