BG110829A - An internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine includes three in-line cylinders situated within a common block (11). The two lateral cylinders (1) work as in a four-stroke engine, while the middle cylinder (3), which has a bigger diameter, works as in a two-stroke engine. The gases in the four-stroke cylinders at the end of their work travel (at LDP) still have sufficient pressure, i.e. not completely utilized energy. The gases arenot let to go outside, but enter the middle cylinder (3) with bigger diameter, through valves (9) and passages (10). The piston (4), moving to the LDP, expands the gas additionally due to the bigger diameter, that means completes the processing of the remaining energy, and provides additional energy to the engine's shaft. Since cylinder (3) works as in a two-stroke engine, the air from the dry engine case (12) enters the space above the piston, which moving to the UDP compresses it through the non-closed valves (9) and passages (10) in the four-stroke cylinders (1).

Description

Internal combustion engine ·· ·

The internal combustion engine (ICE) has undergone many improvements to date, but the attention of designers remains focused on the main parameters characterizing the engine, namely, increasing the liter capacity, reducing specific fuel consumption and reducing harmful emissions. Yes, much has been achieved, but in most cases due to the continuous complication of control of the combustion process, ie. the introduction of increasingly sophisticated electronics, which is not always conducive to daily use by the general public. One of the most feasible ways to increase the liter power of an ICE is to pre-compress the incoming air by turning on a mechanically propelled compressor (Ruth, Zohler, etc.) or by a turbocharger. power is drawn from the motor shaft and at the end of the working stroke there remains and the high pressure gas is ejected, ie. the residual energy of the gas is not processed (the thermal coefficient q _t decreases). With the turbocharger the residual energy of the gas is used, but only to pre-compress the air to the engine cylinders, the connection with the shaft is usually not very high (20 000 - 30 000 and more). However, it cannot be synchronized with a sharp change of the engine speed, and at low speeds it is not effective.This, of course, can be avoided, but with further complication of the whole system e.g. Dr. inclusion of a second turbina.Pri small engines, however the inclusion of any external compressors is inappropriate. While not neglecting the positive qualities of today's ICE, we propose a constructive solution to the idea of further expansion of the gas from the working cylinders, as well as the pre-compression of the air entering the cylinders, made of the same structural element.

It is an object of the invention to provide, in a common block, a combination of two four-stroke cylinders with one two-stroke (expansion-discharge) cylinder, to operate generally as a three-cylinder engine with a combined cycle of four-stroke and two-stroke. The module thus completed can be doubled, tripled, ie. get a six or nine cylinder engine. Such a design solution enables the two-stroke cylinder (larger diameter) to utilize the gas pressure of the four-stroke cylinders and it will work as a two-stroke engine, supplying air to the four-stroke cylinders, producing a filling factor, larger than one, i.e. will act as a compressor. This eliminates the need for a pair of valves, exhaust and suction, since the passage of gas and air will occur through the same non-closing valves throughout the cycle.

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From the above it can be seen that an engine is formed with some advantages over the classic ICE, known for all its advantages, namely:

- an opportunity to utilize the residual energy of the gas after discharge at the end of the working stroke without including the more complex and expensive turbocharger

- pre-compressing the air entering the cylinders without using known external compressors - with mechanical drive or turbocharger

- the extra power obtained is connected to the motor shaft

- reducing the number of valves - the exhaust and intake are combined into one

- cooling of valves during the passage of air during the filling cycle of four-stroke cylinders.

The cylinders thus assembled (four stroke with two stroke) allow suction gas to be sucked along the valve stem from the dry crankcase of the two stroke cylinder. in this case the oil tank is the common sump of the four stroke cylinders and the oil pump is located there, and the displacement of the sump of the dry sump oil to the sump is from Jagannath in the dry sump of two-stroke cylinder in reverse klapan.Pri certain requirements, especially when very large, powerful engines can be switched exhaust pump. Of course, the design can be simplified by making the two-stroke cylinder really like a two-stroke - the air mixture is formed in the crankcase (fuel is with oil). Of course, we will have a corresponding loss of fuel through the exhaust port, but this will be compensated by others positive qualities. For some small engines, such as small unmanned aerial vehicles, this option may be appropriate.

Figure 1 shows an exemplary solution of the proposed ICE. The internal combustion engine (ICE) consists of three cylinders arranged in a row in a common block 11, the two cylinders 1 having a four stroke cycle, a common oil sump 14 and an oil pump 15, and the middle cylinder 3 with a two stroke cycle has a larger diameter and a dry sump 12, isolated from the oil sump 14, to which it is only connected to the non-return valve 16.The cylinders have apertures for filling it with air from the sump 6 and for venting 7.B an oil channel 5 is provided at the lower end of the piston 4 through which the oil is sub alagyane passing from the shaft through the connecting rod and the axis of the piston will lubricate cylinder

3. Lubrication of the two-stroke cylinder 3 will be facilitated because it will operate at a significantly reduced pressure and temperature. In the head of the engine 8 there are channels 10 which connect through the valves 9 the four-stroke cylinders 1 with the two-stroke cylinder 3. The description does not indicate the filling of the crankcase of the two-stroke cylinder with atmospheric air, since this is solved in two-stroke engines in various structural ways. is not novel in the case and is not the subject of the invention.

Engine operation - the drawing shows that we have a three-cylinder

Pg. 3

engine, the two end cylinders 1 will operate as a two-cylinder four-stroke engine, and the middle cylinder 3 as a two-stroke, ie. the gases from the four-stroke cylinders will pass through the two-stroke before being ejected from the engine. Thus, at the gas stroke of the left four-stroke cylinder (from the drawing), the open valves 9 and channel 10 pass into the two-stroke cylinder 3. The piston 4 has a larger diameter than the piston 2, resulting in additional force on the the piston - F = (S ₂ - Si) P ^, where S ₂ and Si are the areas of the pistons 4 and 2 and Ref ^ is the effective pressure of the gas upon its expansion in cylinder H. After the final expansion of the gas and its discharge through hole 7 follows the filling of cylinder 3 through the hole 6 of the compressed air in the dry sump 12, and then at the movement of the piston 4 to the GMT through the open valves 9 and channel 10, the left four-stroke cylinder 2 is filled with high pressure. In the air movement we have an additional beneficial effect - cooling and blowing of the valves. The same is repeated with the right four-stroke cylinder.

In summary, we can say that we have two engines working together - one two-cylinder four-stroke and one single-cylinder two-stroke, which complement each other. When designing the engine, such ratios of the diameters of cylinders 1 and 3 can be provided so that or high values of P _is u or very low gas pressure after expansion of the two-stroke cylinder.

The design is applicable to gasoline and diesel variants, both for high-power and low-liter engines.

Claims (1)

Claims Internal combustion engine (ICE), characterized in that the block (11) consists of three cylinders, of which the end cylinders (1) are of the same diameter and have a common oil sump (14) housing the oil pump ( 15), the middle cylinder (3) is larger in diameter, with openings (7) and (6), the opening (6) being connected to the dry sump (12), which is isolated from the sump (14). , a non-return valve (16) is mounted at the bottom of the dry sump and at the bottom end of the piston (4) there is an oil channel (5) and in the engine head (8) there are channels (10) which through the valves (9 ) St. bind cylinders (1) with cylinder (3).