BG110088A - Composition and technology for production of tubular positive plates for lead-acid batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The composition and technology for production of tubular positive plates for lead-acid batteries will find application in industry. According to the invention, lead dust, lead minium, water and sulfuric acid are mixed in a water-cooling mixer to obtain a suspension that is used for filter filling under pressure of the tubes of the positive plates, and the plates are then washed with water and placed in chambers for ripening and formation. The amount of water and sulfuric acid should be such that the density of the resulting suspension is between 2.00 and 2.50 gsm-3 and its phase composition is lead sulfate (PbSO4) and lead dioxide RbO2 or a mixture of lead sulphate, monoxide sulfate and lead dioxide (PbSO4, PbO.PbSO4 and RbO2). The plates obtained by this technology are characterized by ahigh initial capacity and an appropriate structure that ensures their long life.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a composition and technology for the production of lead tube lead plates and will find application in the industry.

BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNOLOGY

A technology for producing tube positive plates for lead batteries by filling the plates with a suspension is known, in which the suspension is prepared in a stirrer by mixing lead minium, lead powder, water and a small amount of sulfuric acid (up to 1% by weight of total lead dust and minium). With this suspension, the positive plate tubes are filled by pressure filtration. In this mixing, the suspension and the tubular mass, respectively, consist mainly of lead oxide (POl), minium (Pb ₃ O ₄ ) and a negligible amount of 3PbO.PbSO4.H2O. Since lead oxide produces a positive active mass with low capacity, after filling, the tube plates are treated for a long time (5 6 hours) in a concentrated solution of sulfuric acid, whereby the sulfuric acid reacts with the lead powder and the minium and receive PbSO ₄ and PBO ₂ . This process of plate sulfation is known as tubular plate picking. Since the pickling is carried out in a solid phase, the sulfuric acid reacts with lead oxide only on the surface layer of the tubes, where lead sulfate is produced, and unreacted lead oxide and minium remain in the inner layer. After pickling, the plates are thoroughly washed with water and dried at 80 ° C and then formed for 48 hours in a sulfuric acid solution. In the formation of PbSO ₄ it becomes an active mass of PbO ₂ , which has a high capacity. / 1 /

A major disadvantage of this technology is the production of positive plates with a non-uniform phase composition and structure of the filled mass and of the active mass obtained after formation, which cannot provide long life for the positive plates.

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A second disadvantage is the use of a labor-consuming and lengthy process of pickling, which usually results in two layers in the tubes of the plates - an outer layer of PbSO ₄ and an internal acid-free lead powder and PbO4.

Further disadvantages of this technology are the need for daily treatment and correction of a large amount of sulfuric acid of varying density, as well as the high consumption of water to wash the sulphated plates after the pickling.

There is also a method of producing a paste for positive plates of lead batteries (1), which consists of mixing lead dust, minium (from 5 to 70%) and sulfuric acid (from 1 to 8%) at temperatures from 60 to 120 ° C for 10 to 120 minutes, after which the resulting paste is cooled and used for grating or for insertion into the tubes of the pan plates directly or after dilution to suspension. In this method of preparation, the paste consists essentially of 3PbO.PbSO ₄ .H ₂ O when mixing is carried out at temperatures below 60 ° C or of 4PbO.PbSO ₄ when the mixing is at higher temperatures, such as the oxidesulfates (3PbO .PbSO ₄ .H ₂ O or 4PbO.PbSO ₄ ) provide a sufficiently high initial capacity for positive plates, which is achieved only after a few charge-discharge cycles. / 2 /.

The main disadvantage of this method is the long formation of the plates and the need to carry out several initial cycles to reach hl nominal capacity of the plates.

Another disadvantage is the need for a special expensive mixer for the initial preparation of the paste.

The technical essence of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a technology for the production of lead-tube tubular plates having a uniform phase composition and active mass structure, avoiding the prolonged and high sulfuric acidization process (sulfurization) ) on the filled plates.

The problem is solved by a new formulation of a suspension formulation for the production of lead tube lead plates, as well as a technology for their production.

The composition of the slurry for producing tube lead plates for lead accumulators according to the invention includes lead powder, lead minium, water and sulfuric acid, the amounts of lead powder and lead minium being in the ratio of 9: 1 to 1: 9, the amount of sulfuric acid is from 15% to 25% relative to the total weight of the lead powder and the minium, and the amount of water is determined so that the density of the resulting suspension is between 2.00 and 2.50 gem ' ³ .

Technology for the production of lead-acid tube positive plates, comprising the mixing of lead dust, lead-minium, water, mixing the cooling to filtration-positive, is placed in maturation chambers without the additional sulfation (pickling) of the filled plates in sulfuric acid solution.

and sulfuric acid, according to the invention, the components are carried out in a mixer with an aqueous slurry, which is used to pressure the tubes into plates, after which the plates are washed with water and washed.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixing of the suspension components is carried out in the following order: dry mixing of lead powder and lead minimum for 5 minutes, then adding water and stirring for 5 minutes, adding acid and stirring for another 20 minutes.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the mixing of the suspension components is carried out in the following order: wet stirring for 5 minutes of lead minium and water, then adding the acid, stirring for 20 minutes, adding lead powder and stirring for another 10 minutes.

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- 4The advantages of the proposed technology and the composition of the slurry for the production of lead tube lead plates are as follows:

• The filled tube positive plates have the optimum phase composition and suitable structure which ensure high initial capacity and long life of the plates;

• Avoid the prolonged and labor-intensive process of additional sulfation (pickling), the daily processing of large amounts of sulfuric acid, and the huge consumption of water to wash the filled plates after pickling;

• Avoid high energy consumption for drying the plates after high temperature baking, while facilitating and shortening the time of formation of the filled plates.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The implementation of the invention is illustrated by the following examples, which do not limit it:

Example 1.

400 kg of lead minium and 600 kg of lead powder are placed in the mixer and dry stirring is carried out for 5 minutes. Then 600 liters of water are added and wet stirring is carried out for 5 minutes, then the acid (210 liters) is slowly discharged into the mixer and wet stirring is carried out for 20 minutes, with the agitation system turned on. cooling. The finished suspension is fed into a ready-made suspension vessel from which it is used for filtration of the tube plates.

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-5Example 2.

400 kg of lead minium and 680 liters of water are placed in the mixer, wet stirring is carried out for 5 minutes, then the acid (210 liters of sulfuric acid with a relative weight of 1.40) is slowly discharged into the mixer and wet mixing is carried out for 20 minutes. minutes, with the water cooling system switched on with this stirring. The lead powder (600 kg) was then dropped into the mixer and the resulting suspension was stirred for 10 minutes. The finished suspension is fed into the ready suspension tank and for filling the tube plates.

Example 3.

As in Examples 1 and 2, the ratio of the amounts of lead minimum to lead powder may be from 1: 9 to 9: 1.

Example 4.

As in Examples 1, 2 and 3, the amount of sulfuric acid having a relative weight of 1.40 can be from 200 to 350 liters.

Literature

1. D. Pavlov, Chapter 5, Lead-acid batteries in power sources for electric vehicles, editors B.D. McNicol, D.A.J. Rand, p.309, ElAmsterdam, 1984;

2. Copyright certificate No 43335/1987.

Claims (4)

Claims 1. Composition of a suspension for the production of lead tube positive plates for lead batteries, characterized in that it comprises lead dust, lead minium, water and sulfuric acid, the amounts of lead powder and lead minium being in the ratio of 9: 1 to 1 : 9, the amount of sulfuric acid is from 15% to 25% relative to the total weight of the lead powder and the minium, and the amount of water is determined so that the density of the resulting suspension is between 2.00 and 2.50 gem '. 2. Technology for the production of lead-acid tube positive plates, comprising the mixing of lead powder, lead minium, water and sulfuric acid, characterized in that the mixing of the components is carried out in a water-cooled mixer to obtain a slurry, which used for the pressure filtration of the positive-tube tubes, after which the plates were washed with water and placed in maturation chambers without further sulfation (pickling) of the filled plates in sulfuric acid solution. 3. Technology for producing lead-acid tubular lead plates according to claim 2, characterized in that the mixing of the components to form a slurry is carried out in the following sequence: dry mixing of the lead powder and the lead minimum for 5 minutes, and then added water and stirred for 5 minutes, added acid and stirred for another 20 minutes. 4. The technology for producing tubular lead plates for lead accumulators according to claim 2, characterized in that the mixing of the suspension components is carried out in the following order: wet stirring for 5 minutes of lead minium and water, and then added acid, stirred for 20 minutes, added lead powder and stirred for another 10 minutes.