BG109698A - Installation for the production of three-season biological additive for diesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation is intended for obtaining ecological fuel û biodiesel (monoalkaline methyl ester), from any vegetable oils (crude or roasted), from animal fat, or from mixtures thereof in arbitrary proportions. It is easy to mount and serve, economical and with low energy consumption. The installation comprises a preparation vessel (1), in which the oil is heated to 50-3 degrees C and fed after that through pumps (7 and 8) into a reactor (12). Methyl alcohol (methanol) and potassium or sodium hydroxide are mixed by means of stirring in a metaoxide mixer (9) for 15-20 min, whereupon they are fed into the reactor (12) through an explosion-proof pump. The obtained mixture is heated by steam coming from the boiler (3) up to a temperature of 55-8 degrees C, and is then mixed for 20 min. The solution is shifted from reactor (12) to a distiller (13), where the process of mixing continues for further 25 min. After the reaction is over, the solution stays in glycerin separating vessels (module III) and decants. The diphase liquid component passes into a soap separating vessel (module IV), while the glycerin passes into a glycerin facility. The bioadditive û methyl ester of fatty acids is transferred into tanks where it matures.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

Globally, the trend towards renewable energy is increasing. This calls for the search for alternative and renewable energy sources to meet the growing energy needs.

EU Directive 30 of 2003 obliges us to increase the eco-fuels at the expense of the oil derivatives. The mono-alkali methyl ester, known by the name "biodiesel", by its nature and quality characteristics, fully responds to the desire to secure an environmentally friendly source of energy.

In Bulgaria, diesel derived from oil is used. Oil and petroleum products are today the most common environmental pollutants. Petroleum fuels are polluted with ozone, formaldehyde, organic hydrocrackers and other highly reactive compounds and radicals with a short period of existence in the air, but with great toxicity. Diesel fuel vapors are more irritating and more toxic than gasoline. release lead and lead compounds into the exhaust.

Petroleum products are mainly imported in Bulgaria. There is an inevitable trend of increasing the prices of petroleum fuels in connection with the global oil shortage due to the depleted resources. All the more expensive excise duties at their price, imposed to compensate for the environmental damages from their burning, make biofuel production economically due to the fact that in Bulgaria soil and climatic conditions are very suitable for growing raw materials for production.This helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by petroleum shaft fuels new. Biodiesel has a cetane number better suited to engines, with almost the same calorific value and is less expensive than petroleum fuels. Combustion is more complete, which makes it a competitive fuel. Biodiesel is characterized by the absence of lead, minimal ash content (0.03%) and sulfur (0.01%). Unlike fossil fuels, it emits as much carbon dioxide as it does is needed by plants; there is 11% oxygen to help it burn better. Eco-diesel has a higher calorific value compared to petroleum fuels, better lubricates the engine and less pollutes the environment; burns cleanly, therefore generates more power and produces less heat during engine operation.

Industrial crops, such as raw materials for eco-diesel, can also be grown on contaminated soils. it does not affect

the fuels they produce. And tons of wasted kitchen fat, which are thrown away every year and pollute the soil and water, are the most economically viable raw material, no matter what percentage of it is mixed with animal fat. At the same time, environmental problems of neutralizing waste fat are also addressed.

Key benefits of biodiesel:

1. Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel used in standard diesel engines.

2. Biodiesel may be used either purely or mixed in combination with mineral diesel.

3. The use of biodiesel extends the life of the diesel engine, because has better lubricating properties than petroleum diesel, reduces fuel consumption, improves ignition and increases power.

4. The use of biodiesel reduces up to 90% of harmful emissions into the environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Known installations for the production of fuel from organic products.

A similar apparatus is described in

PATENT US 5972057 in which the production cycle goes through 8 consecutive steps.

1. preparation of the raw material

2. dehydrating and deodorizing section of the raw material

3. alcohol and catalyst preparation section

4. dosing of components through feed-in pumps in series-coupled reactors and mixing them with stirrers

5. separation of the liquid from the liquid phase

6. cleaning section

7. liquid and solid phase separation / absorbent /

8. neutralization

In order to remove moisture from the raw material, dehydration and deodorization is carried out, which requires controlling the temperature of the exchanger outlet and the pressure in the dehydration vessel. The impurities from the raw material are treated at a temperature of 25-240 degrees C; the components are moved into the system by a feeder. -dosing pumps; after the catalytic reaction in the reactor-equipped blade reactor, the products are separated; an absorbent is used to separate the impurities; the absorbent is separated and neutralized.

DISADVANTAGES:

• · · • ·

I. Expensive equipment, complex construction, requiring large numbers, difficult to assemble units and highly skilled labor

2. the raw material is dehydrated and deodorized at high temperature and high pressure, which on the one hand increases the cost of the process and on the other makes it continuous;

3. expensive power-metering pumps

4. increased number of electric motors

5. stirrers

6. expensive axial bearings for the agitator seal

7. the use of an absorbent to remove impurities in the final product .neutralization

9.MN0G0 additional glycerin water storage vessels Yu. Expensive installation for glycerine concentration

II. Prolonging and increasing the cost of the process

12.constant capacity

In PATENT MD 2830, an installation comprising a

1. raw material tank

2. a tank for the solution of the base in methyl alcohol

3. ejector-dosing mixer of the raw material with methoxide. Reactor, which is a cone-bottom vessel, with exit to

5. glycerin container

6. a methyl ester purifying device comprising a centrifugal separator and a drum filter with a layer of perlite.

DISADVANTAGES:

.possibility of different dosage ratios

2. the need for the raw material to be of permanent composition

3. purification and drying of the raw material

4. the capacity of the installation is constant

PATENT MD 2958 is a multi-chamber mixing column consisting of:

1. mixing reactor - it is made in the form of tubes arranged in the form of a cylindrical spiral, inside which are fixed disks with slots forming the mixing chambers

2. washing cavities for the reaction components

4. heat exchangers

5. separators

6. cooler

DISADVANTAGES of the installation:

.is unique and complex in nature • ·

2. difficult to manufacture, since all the elements are located inside the mixing column itself

3. the reactor is in the form of tubes arranged in the form of a cylindrical spiral, within which are attached disks with slots, arranged at different angles to each other, forming the mixing chambers

4. the pipes must be of a specified length to allow mixing and reaction

5. the flushing reactor is in the form of a cylinder in the center of the buffer mixing column and is connected to it by means of an injector.

6. the raw material must be of constant composition

7. dosing of oil-methoxide

8. does not allow capacity change.

The object of the invention is

I .to avoid some of the disadvantages mentioned

2. depreciation of the installation

3. to create an installation for the production of 3 seasonal ecological additive for diesel fuel / which could be used independently /

4. the installation shall have a simplified construction

5. be unpretentious with respect to the processed raw materials / when there are requirements for a constant composition of the oil, respectively its drying by dehydration and deodorization, no used oils can be used /

6. not to require high temperatures and pressures

7. be of low energy cost

8. to allow easier and cheaper storage of the reaction end products. With all of the patented installations so far, glycerin water is obtained as a final product, which requires many vessels to store, and further dehydration of glycerin is too costly.

9. Avoid the use of expensive power-metering pumps Yu.Remove the stirrer in the reactor

II. Removing expensive radial axial bearing seals, insulating the inside of the reactor and protecting the environment from contamination by the reaction products

12. possibility of interruption of production without practically affecting the quality and price of the end products

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The task is solved by an installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive (the same can be used independently), obtained from all types of vegetable oils (raw and fried), as well as from animal fat and mixtures between the two in arbitrary proportions; consisting of simple cylindrical vessels, easy to manufacture; can be modular-container type, easy to install and operate; reactors can be of different capacities, without agitator - in the reactors, the mixing of components is done by an algorithm between pumps and taps and their activation time; does not require high temperatures and pressures; it is easier to store glycerin residue, which is solid in consistency and low in volume; it is economical, low energy consumption; it can be made for any production capacity; the technology itself does not require precisely sized equipment; the process allows interruption, because is cyclical and low energy consumption.

THE INSTALLATION is INDUSTRIALLY APPLICABLE, ENVIRONMENTAL and fulfills the requirements of Directive 30 of the European Union of 2003. for the development and use of ALTERNATIVE and RENEWABLE energy sources.

Production has the following steps:

1. storage of raw material

2. preparation of the raw material in a preparation station

3. preparation of the catalyst in the methoxide mixer

4. mixing the components in a reactor

5. distillation and liquefaction of the methanol vapors released during the reaction

6. assertion

7. glycerol separation

8. soap separation

9. storage of reaction products

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS

The raw material is stored in a cistern. The pipeline is pumped through the pump to the specified amount of oil in the preparation vessel, where it is prepared, then dosed into the reactor using level gauges. Methyl alcohol / methanol / is stored as required by

BDS 5452 / 76g. p.19, item 6 / in non-galvanized metal containers, closed underground tanks at a temperature up to 30 degrees C /. Through explosion-proof pump 11 is moved to the methoxide mixer 9. In the same vessel potassium or sodium base (catalyst) is added through the dispenser 10. Stir (using an explosion-proof pump 11) to dissolve the base in methanol. The reagent obtained is fed via one of a pair of connected pumps 7 or 8 (FIG. 1/) into the reactor, where it is mixed with the fat. The amount of methoxide is measured with the dispenser 18 (FIG. 2/) placed at the inlet of the reactor 12. The resulting mixture is heated with steam and mixed with the transport pumps. From the reactor 12, the amount of liquid is transferred to the distiller 13, where the mixing process is continued and the reactor 12 is free to start a new cycle. 12 and 13 (reactor and distiller) are provided with level gauges for feedstock dosing. In 12 and 13, steam is heated through the heat exchangers 14 and 15 located in the vessels, and stirring by two pairs of duplicate pumps 7,8 and 19,20 / For methane safety /. A methane trap 23 is located at the upper end of the distiller 13 which captures the methanol vapor recovered during the reaction, they pass through the cooler 16, liquefy and re-enter the inlet of the methoxide mixer. Upon completion of the process in distiller 13, the mixture settles in the glycerol vessels - there glycerin naturally decanted. The biphasic liquid component is moved to the soap separator and the glycerin to the glycerin holding. The soaps are separated into the soap columns by supplying water to the bottom of the vessels and bubbling with air. The biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) is transferred to tanks where it naturally ripens. At the bottom of the ripening tank, a minimum amount of glycerol residue is decanted, which is transferred by pump into the appropriate tank. The mature ester is transferred to a finished product tank.

Attached: 3 pieces and 16 sheets

EXAMPLE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 3 an example was developed for the production of a three-season additive with a capacity of 10 tons in 24 hours, and the applications were given the automatic control and management of such a technological cycle.

The raw material is stored in a tank. Through the pipeline, the specified amount of oil is fed to the preparation tank Module 1, which, upon reaching the required filling level, produces a sound signal. / It is heated to a temperature of 60 ° C. / In the methoxide mixer, also located. Module I - via methane pump pumps the methanol amount, adds the catalyst, mixes with the pump and then transfers to the reactor - Module II - with the help of a pair of duplicate pumps, where it is mixed with the raw material supplied there by the preparation vessel. The mixture is n dgryava and barka.Ot reactor liquid was transferred to a distiller module II, again using a pair of duplicate pompi.Sled completion of the process in the distillation liquid passes into the sludge tank.

In the applications:

sheet 1 shows the preparation of the raw material of sheet 2 processes in a mixer;

on sheet 3- processes in reactor-control of pumps;

on sheet 4-heating control;

on sheet 5 processes in the distiller-control pump;

on sheet 6 - heating control;

per sheet 7,8, 9 10 -processes in sludge tanks per sheet 11- external connections for preparation of sheet 12-external connections mixer for sheet 13-external connections reactor for sheet 14-external connections distiller for sheet 15 and sheet 16-cell managing external connections

Claims (15)

Patent Claims 1. Installation for the production of a three-season biological additive for diesel fuel (which can be used independently), using as a raw material all kinds of vegetable oils (raw and fried), animal fat, as well as their mixtures in arbitrary proportions, characterized in that that the production goes through the following stages - oil preparation; preparation of methoxide; mixing in a distillation reactor; glycerine separation; soap separation. The raw material is stored in a cistern. A pump is pumped through the pipeline into the preparation vessel 1 (FIG. 1), where it is heated to 50 + 3 degrees C. The feed into the reactor 12 is by means of one of the duplicate pumps 7 or 8. and the dosage is via level meter 21. The methyl alcohol (methanol) is stored in acc. BDS 5452 / 76g. The explosion-proof pumps (which may also be duplicated for greater safety) are fed the required dose into the methoxide mixer 9. A catalyst-potassium or sodium hydroxide is added to the same container through dispenser 10 (Fig.2/). 15-20 min to dissolve the base in methanol and fed to the reactor 12 by means of an explosion-proof pump 11. The required amount of methoxide is measured with the dispenser 18 placed at the inlet of the reactor 12. The resulting mixture is heated by steam coming from the boiler 3 / figure 1/ to a temperature of 55+ 8 degrees C The mixture is stirred for 20 minutes. The stirring is done with the duplicate pumps 7 or 8. From the reactor 12, the amount of solution is moved to the distiller 13, where the mixing process is continued for another 25 minutes and the reactor 12 is free for a new cycle. The reactor 12 is provided with a level gauge 21 and a thermocouple 22 with precise reading. The heating in the reactor and the distiller is steamed from the boiler 3 (Fig. 1) through the heat exchangers 14 and 15 inside, and the mixing of the components with the two duplicate pump pairs 7, 8 and 19,20 / pumps are duplicated for process safety /. At the upper end of the distiller 13 is a methane trap 23 which captures the methanol vapors separated from the reaction, they pass through the coils of the cooler 16, liquefy and re-enter the inlet of the methoxide mixer 9. After completion of the reaction, the solution is settled in glycerol separators. module III-glycerol naturally decanted. The two-phase liquid component passes into the soap separator module IV and the glycerin into the glycerin farm. The soaps are separated into the soap separators by supplying water to the bottom of the vessels and bubbling with air. The fatty acid methyl ester bio-additive is transferred to tanks where it naturally ripens. At the bottom of the ripening tank, 0.5% -1.5% glycerol residue is decanted, which is transferred by pump into the appropriate vessel. The mature ester is stored in a finished product tank. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a modular container type, easy to assemble and operate - 1 module oil preparation and methoxide mixer; 11 module distillation reactor; III module-removal of glycerin residue; 1U module-washing-separation of soap. Installation according to Claim 1 and Claim 2, characterized in that it does not require mounting on special foundations and allows the relocation of different production sections. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the reactors can be produced with different capacities depending on the assignment, processing all types of vegetable oils (raw and fried), animal fat, and mixtures between the two in arbitrary proportions . Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the mixing of the components in the reactor is done by an algorithm between the pumps and the taps and the time for their activation, thus eliminating the need for a stirrer in the vessel itself, thus improving safety and not the environment is polluted. Installation according to Claim 2, characterized in that no fine cleaning and drying of the raw material is necessary, by means of a filter mounted in front of the receptacle of the receiving compartment, naturally decanting the heavy particles into the vessel itself, which is filled below with 1 / 18 part with water and fine filter 2 / FIG. 1 /. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with elementary pumps, there is no need for dosing and dosing is performed by means of level gauges. Installation according to Claim 1 in conjunction with Claim 7, characterized in that the gauges can be of different structural design, internal or external installation. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of methoxide required for the reaction in the module P-reactor compartment is determined by the dispenser 18 (Fig. 2) mounted at the inlet of the reactor 12 (Fig. 2) or at the outlet of the reactor. methoxide mixer module II. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be designed for any production capacity, since the technology itself does not require precisely sized equipment and this allows for flexibility and mobility. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the glycerol residue is in the form of a solid consistency and not glycerine water and occupies a small storage volume. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor is compact in size and, respectively, the installation itself. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the technology for the production of the three-season organic additive is economical, low energy consumption and relatively low investment. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratios between the individual components (raw material-alcohol-base) are in the range from 1/5/100 to 1/7/65, the range itself being also subject to the claim. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature interval for the reaction in the N-reactor module is 55+ 8 degrees C. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is automated for the purpose of its INDUSTRIAL application; the control of the process is electrocontactor, electronic, and in view of production safety - pneumatic or any combination of them. ♦ ft ft · « ·· • • ft ft • • • · • • ··· • • ft ft ft ft ft · • ft ft • ft ft · • • ft • « • ft • ft ABSTRACT An installation for the production of a three-season additive to diesel fuel (the same can be used independently), obtained from all types of vegetable oils (raw and fried), as well as from animal fat and mixtures between the two in arbitrary proportions. The technical problems to solve are: I. To avoid some of the above disadvantages of existing installations 2. depreciation of the installation 3. to create an installation for the production of 3 seasonal ecological additive for diesel fuel / which could be used independently / 4. the installation shall have a simplified construction 5. be unpretentious with respect to the processed raw materials / when there are requirements for a constant composition of the oil, respectively its drying by dehydration and deodorization, no used oils can be used / 6. not to require high temperatures and pressures 7. be of low energy cost 8. to allow easier and cheaper storage of the reaction end products. With all of the patented installations so far, glycerin water is obtained as a final product, which requires many vessels to store, and further dehydration of glycerin is too costly. 9. Avoid the use of expensive power-metering pumps Yu.Remove the stirrer in the reactor II. Removing expensive radial axial bearing seals, insulating the inside of the reactor and protecting the environment from contamination by the reaction products 12. possibility of interruption of production without practically affecting the quality and price of the end products The problems are solved through an installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive (the same can be used independently), obtained from all types of vegetable oils (raw and fried), as well as from animal fat and mixtures between the two in arbitrary proportions; consisting of simple cylindrical vessels, easy to manufacture; can be modular container type, easy to install and operate; reactors can be • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · different capacities, without agitator - in the reactors, the mixing of the components is done by an algorithm between the pumps and the taps and their activation time; it does not require high temperatures and pressures; it is easier to store the glycerin residue, which is solid and low in volume; it is economical , low energy consumption; can be designed for any production capacity, because the technology itself does not require precisely sized equipment; the process allows interruption, because is cyclical and low energy consumption. The INSTALLATION is INDUSTRIALLY applicable (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3), ECOLOGICAL and fulfills the requirements of Directive 30 of the European Union of 2003. for the development and use of ALTERNATIVE and RENEWABLE energy sources. APPENDICES Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the production cycle Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of Module II Figure 3-an example of producing a three-season additive with a capacity of 10 tons per 24 hours sheet 1 - preparation of raw material sheet 2- processes in a mixer; sheet 3- processes in reactor-control of pumps sheet 4- processes in reactor-control of heating; sheet 5- processes in the distiller-control of the pumps; sheet 6- processes in distiller-heating control; Sheet 7,8, 9 10-Sludge Processes Sheet 11- External Preparation Sheets 12-External Links Mixer Sheet 13-External Reactor Sheets 14-External Links Distiller Sheet 15 and 16-Cell External Link Management