BG66056B1 - Installation for the production of three-season biological additive for diesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation is intended for obtaining ecological fuel û biodiesel (monoalkaline methyl ester), from any vegetable oils (crude or roasted), from animal fat, or from mixtures thereof in arbitrary proportions. It is easy to mount and serve, economical and with low energy consumption. The installation comprises a preparation vessel (1), in which the oil is heated to 50-3 degrees C and fed after that through pumps (7 and 8) into a reactor (12). Methyl alcohol (methanol) and potassium or sodium hydroxide are mixed by means of stirring in a metaoxide mixer (9) for 15-20 min, whereupon they are fed into the reactor (12) through an explosion-proof pump. The obtained mixture is heated by steam coming from the boiler (3) up to a temperature of 55-8 degrees C, and is then mixed for 20 min. The solution is shifted from reactor (12) to a distiller (13), where the process of mixing continues for further 25 min. After the reaction is over, the solution stays in glycerin separating vessels (module III) and decants. The diphase liquid component passes into a soap separating vessel (module IV), while the glycerin passes into a glycerin facility. The bioadditive û methyl ester of fatty acids is transferred into tanks where it matures.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and installation for the production of mono-alkaline fatty acid methyl ester, which can be used as a three-season additive (in spring, summer and autumn) to diesel. The three-season supplement is used in the production of alternative fuels for diesel engines of motor vehicles. According to the method, saturated and unsaturated fats of vegetable and / or animal origin are used and so-called biodiesel is obtained. The use of a three-season diesel fuel additive reduces the emissions of diesel engines, reduces fuel consumption and lengthens its life, as it gives it better lubricating properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many methods and installations for the production of monoalkyl fatty acid methyl ester are known in the art. For example, US 5,972,057 describes a method according to which the production cycle goes through eight consecutive steps: preparation of the raw material; dehydration and deodorization of the raw material; alcohol and catalyst preparation; dosing of the components by supplying metering pumps in sequentially coupled reactors and mixing them with stirrers; separation of the two liquid phases; clearing; liquid and solid phase separation; neutralization.

The installation known from US 5,972,057 dehydrates and deodorizes to remove moisture from the raw material, which must be of permanent composition. For this purpose a special heat exchanger and a dehydration vessel are used, controlling the temperature of the exit from the heat exchanger and the pressure in the dehydration vessel. The impurities from the raw material are treated at a temperature of 25 to 240 ° C. The components are transferred between the individual vessels and the reactors by feed pumps. An absorbent is used to separate the impurities, which is then separated from the liquid phase.

According to methods and installation known in US 5,972,057, only used vegetable oil is used and the raw material must be of a constant composition. Its dehydration and deodorization is carried out at high pressure and high temperature. The production process is continuous and expensive feed-in-feed pumps are used to transfer the individual components from one vessel to another.

BG 64773 discloses a process for the preparation of biodiesel using a blend in the following volume% - 20% waste vegetable oil, 20% technical tallow and 60% crude vegetable oil. According to the method, this mixture is heated to 100 ° C, held at this temperature until the water evaporates, cooled to 45-50 ° C, precipitated and filtered. NaOH and methanol are mixed separately, which by mixing at high speeds is mixed with the filtered mixture and then precipitation is envisaged. The precipitated mixture includes a top layer of esters and a bottom layer of glycerin. The esters are purified from the catalyst by washing with water and 5% vinegar.

In BG 64773, an installation for the production of biodiesel is not disclosed in detail, but it is apparent from the exemplary embodiment that the feedstock is heated and cooled in one vessel, methanol with NaOH is mixed in the second vessel, after which the methoxide is mixed with the feedstock in a reactor the glycerol is subsequently precipitated and esters are separated from the top of the reactor.

According to the method and installation known from BG 64773, the preliminary preparation of the raw material is long and energy consuming, because it provides for preheating of the raw material to a relatively high temperature of 100 ° C, keeping it at that temperature until evaporation of the water and cooling to 45-50 ° C. . The emulsification of the components and the achievement of equilibrium between them occurs in the same reactor, which makes it difficult to transesterify the fat. The intended purification of the esters from the catalyst by washing with water is a relatively slow process of separation of the components.

66056 Bl

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a method and installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive in which any kind of vegetable oils and / or animal fats (raw or used) are used as raw material, with the preliminary preparation of the raw material temperature and require less technological time, the transesterification is more intense and some of the components entering the reaction are regenerated.

The method for producing a three-season diesel fuel additive involves the following steps. Fatty substances of vegetable and / or animal origin are subjected to a preliminary temperature preparation and then mixed in a reactor with pre-mixed methanol and a catalyst representing a concentrated alkaline solution. In this process, the fat is esterified to give fatty acid methyl ester, from which waste products such as glycerin, soap and non-esterified fat are subsequently separated. The glycerol is separated by precipitation and the soap is washed with water.

According to the invention, in the pre-treatment of the fatty substances, they are heated to a temperature between 51 ° C and 53 ° C, preferably 52 ° C. The transesterification is carried out at a temperature of 51 ° C to 63 ° C, preferably 55 ° C, with the purpose of additional heating. The emulsification of the components takes place in the reactor and the equilibrium state of the components is reached in a distiller. The separation of the soap, in addition to washing with water, provides for air bubbling.

One embodiment of the method provides for the capture and liquefaction of the methanol vapors released during the reaction and their return for participation in the next cycle.

The installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive that performs the above method includes tubularly connected raw material storage tanks, pre-treatment vessels, filters, reactors, and glycerol and catalyst separation vessels. A methoxide mixer is combined with the reactor to mix methanol and the catalyst. The necessary components for the transfer of pump and crane components are provided between the individual equipment.

According to the invention, a distiller is located between the reactor and the glycerol separation vessels, at the upper end of which there is a coolant-connected methane trap. The reactor and the distiller are provided with heat exchangers for boiler steam supply. In addition, the reactor is equipped with a dispenser, level gauge and thermal relay, and the methoxide mixer - with a dispenser. Two reciprocating pumps are provided to the reactor and the distiller. The catalyst separation vessels are designed as soap separators and are provided with air supply means at the bottom.

According to one embodiment of the installation, the four pumps at the inlet and outlet of the distiller are ordinary and the methanol feed pump in the methoxide mixer is explosion-proof.

It is preferable that the management of the installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive is automated. It can be either electrical or electronic, or pneumatic, or a combination of the three types.

According to another embodiment of the installation, its main elements, with their corresponding pipe connections, are arranged in at least one portable container.

Preferably, the container modules are four, with module I including a pre-treatment vessel and methoxide mixer, module II including the reactor and distiller, module III including glycerol separation vessels, and module IV including soap separators.

The main advantages of the process according to the invention are that all kinds of vegetable oils, as well as animal fat, can be used as raw material, which can be either crude or used, with the ratio between the different species being arbitrary. The temperature at which the raw material is heated during pre-treatment is low between 51 ° C and 53 ° C, preferably 52 ° C, respectively, the time for which it is consumed is less and the energy input is also less. For

66056 B1, unlike the known methods of the invention, is not contemplated after the pre-heating of the raw material, the evaporation of the water contained therein and cooling. The esterification according to the invention is more intense because it is carried out at a strictly defined temperature, varying from 5 GC to 63 ° C, preferably 55 ° C, with the purpose of further heating. It is carried out in two separate facilities - a reactor and a distiller, the first emulsifying the components and the second achieving equilibrium. The process allows interruption and cyclicity.

Another significant advantage of the established method and installation is the ability to capture and liquefy the methanol vapors released during the reaction, as well as return them to participate in the next cycle. This methanol capture also has an environmental effect.

An additional advantage of the created method and installation is the increased speed of separation of the products from the reaction, and in particular of the soaps by the intended bubbling - air supply to the lower part of the soap columns.

An advantage of the installation is its complete automation, which allows safe process management. The mixing of the components in the reactor is done algorithmically only by the pumps and taps provided, and the dosing by the dispensers and level gauges. Unlike known installations, there is no stirrer in the reactor and no expensive power-metering pumps are used.

Another advantage of one embodiment of the installation is its mobility. The location of its main elements, with their corresponding pipe connections, in portable containers - Modules I - IV makes it possible to carry them easily and conveniently to different places where, for example, crude and / or waste vegetable oils and / or animal fats are stored.

Explanation of the annexed figures

The invention will be explained below by reference to the figures showing an exemplary embodiment of a plant for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive by which the claimed method is carried out.

Figure 1 is a general diagram of an installation for the production of a three-season diesel additive according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a partial view showing the three main facilities of the installation - the methoxide mixer 9, the reactor 12 and the distiller 13, as well as the connections between them;

Figure 3 is a schematic top view of an installation according to one of its variants, wherein its main equipment is housed in portable containers - modules I - IV

Examples of carrying out the invention

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, the installation for the production of a three-season supplement has a capacity of 101 for 24 hours. It includes a holding farm 30 - a tank for storing the raw material connected to a pre-treatment vessel 1. A boiler 3 is connected to the pre-treatment vessel 1, from which steam is supplied to heat the raw material. The methyl alcohol (methanol) is stored in an explosion-proof container 4 that is attached to a methoxide mixer 9.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, a metering device 10 and an explosion-proof pump 11. A meta-oxide mixer 9 is connected, in addition to the explosion-proof container 4 for storing methanol and to the vessel 5 for the catalyst, potassium or sodium hydroxide. The pre-treatment vessel 1 is connected via tubular connections to the reactor 12, and a filter 2 is provided between the two facilities. The reactor 12 is provided with a dispenser 18, a level gauge 21, a thermo relay 22 and two reciprocating pumps 7 and 8.

The installation also includes a distiller 13 located after the reactor 12. Inside the reactor and the distiller 13, heat exchangers 14 and 15 are provided respectively for steam supply from the boiler 3. The distiller 13 is provided similarly to the reactor 12 with two reciprocating pumps 19 and 20. At the upper end of the distiller a methane trap 23 is formed, coupled to the oh

66056 Bladder 16. The distiller 13 is also connected to glycerine receptacles 25, which in turn are connected to a glycerine farm 26 and soap separators 27. The soap separators 27 are provided at their bottom with means for supplying water and for bubbling air. The resulting fatty acid methyl ester product is stored in tanks for maturation 31. Also provided are tanks 32 for the finished product - a mature ester or a three-season diesel fuel additive. Each of the tanks 32 has a volume of 5 cubic meters.

In FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a variant embodiment of the installation according to which its main facilities are housed in portable containers - modules I - IV. As can be seen from the diagram, module I includes the pre-treatment vessel 1, the methanol and catalyst storage vessels 4 and 5, as well as the metaoxide mixer 9. It weighs 1.5 t. Module II includes the reactor 12, the distiller 13 and the cooler 16. It also weighs 1.5 t. Module III includes glycerin receptacles 25 and glycerin holding 26. It has a weight of 3.5 t. The last module IV includes soap separators 27 and weighs 21.

Use of the invention

The three-season additive manufacturing plant shown in the example embodiment works as follows. The raw material, representing any kind of vegetable oils and / or animal fats (raw or used), in arbitrary proportions between species, is stored in the tank 30. By pipeline through a pump not shown in the figures, the raw material is fed from tank 30 to the container for preliminary Preparation 1. When the required level is reached, the filling is stopped automatically, while at the same time an alarm and a high-level alarm are signaled in the pre-preparation vessel. dvaritelna preparation 1. Upon reaching the preferred temperature of 52 ° C it turns off and automatically starts feeding the raw material to the reactor 12 by means of a circulation pump.

The methanol from the storage vessel 4, upon reaching the emergency level in the pre-treatment vessel 1, is supplied by means of an explosion-proof pump 11 to the methoxide mixer 9. In the latter of the vessel 5, a potassium or sodium base catalyst is added through the dispenser 10. . The two components were stirred for 1520 min by pump 11 in order to dissolve the base in methanol.

The resulting methoxide is fed into the reactor 12 by dispensing via the dispenser 18. The resulting mixture in the reactor 12 is heated to 55 ° C by means of the heat exchanger 14 by means of steam obtained in the boiler 3. Mixing of the mixture in the reactor 12 is carried out by one from both pumps 7 or 8 for 20 min.

From the reactor 12, the fluid goes to the distiller 13, where the mixing process is continued for another 25 minutes and the reactor 12 is free for a new cycle. Mixing in the distiller 13 is accomplished by one of the two pumps 19 or 20. The methane trap 23 located at the upper end of the distiller 13 captures the methanol vapor separated from the reaction. They pass through the coils of the cooler 16, liquefy and feed for re-use at the inlet of the methoxide mixer 9.

After completion of the reaction, the solution was settled in the glycerol separator vessels 25. In these, the glycerin was naturally decanted and separated for storage on the glycerin farm 26, and the liquid component was transferred to the soap separators 27. They were then separated by soaking water at the bottom. of vessels and air bubbling.

The resulting fatty acid methyl ester product is transferred to tanks 31 where it naturally matures. At the bottom of the ripening tanks 31, another 0.5% - 1.5% glycerol residue is decanted and transferred to the glycerol farm by pump 26.

The mature ester - the three-season diesel fuel additive is stored in the finished product tanks 32.

Claims (7)

Claims 1. A method for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive in which fatty substances of vegetable and / or animal origin are subjected to a preliminary temperature preparation and subsequently mixed in 66056 Bl actor with pre-mixed methanol and a catalyst representing a concentrated alkaline solution, which transesterifies the fat to obtain a fatty acid methyl ester, from which waste products such as glycerol and soap are subsequently separated, the glycerin being separated by precipitation. soap by washing with water, and the ester ripens, characterized in that, in the pre-treatment of the fatty substances, they are heated to a temperature between 51 and 53 ° C, preferably 52 ° C. the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 51 to 63 ° C, preferably 55 ° C, for which purpose additional heating is provided, the emulsification of the components takes place in the reactor and the equilibrium of the components is reached in a distiller, such as the separation of soap, besides washing with water, air bubbling is also provided. A method for producing a three-season diesel fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the capture and liquefaction of the methanol vapors released during the reaction and their return for participation in the next cycle is provided. 3. Installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive comprising, through tubular connections, a raw material storage vessel, a pre-treatment vessel, a filter, a reactor and vessels for the separation of glycerol and the catalyst, with methoxide attached to the reactor. a mixer for mixing the methanol and the catalyst, and between the separate equipment, the pumps and taps necessary for the transfer of components, characterized in that between the reactor (12) and the vessels for separating the glycerine (25) is a distiller (13), at the upper end of which there is a methane trap (23) connected to the cooler (16), the reactor (12) and the distiller (13) being provided with heat exchangers (14 and 15 respectively). ) to supply steam from a boiler (3), the reactor (12) is provided with a dispenser (18), a level gauge (21) and a thermal relay (22), and the methoxide mixer (9) is provided with a dispenser (10), and to the reactor (12) and to the distiller (13), two mutually duplicate pumps, respectively (7, 8) and (19,20), are provided, and the catalyst separation vessels are designed as soap columns (27), provided with air supply at the bottom. Installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive according to claim 3, characterized in that the pumps (7, 8, 19 and 20) are ordinary and the pump (11) for feeding methanol into the methoxide mixer (9 ) is explosion proof. Installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that its control is automated and can be either electrical or electronic, or pneumatic, or a combination of the three types. Installation for the production of a three-season diesel fuel additive according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that its main elements, with their respective pipe connections, are housed in at least one portable container module. Installation for producing a three-season diesel fuel additive according to claim 6, characterized in that the portable containers-modules are four, with module I comprising a pre-treatment vessel (1) and a methoxide mixer (9), module II including the reactor (12) and the distiller (13), module III includes the glycerol separation vessels (25), and module IV includes the soap separators (27).