BE904884A - Flat heating elements made of heat stable crosslinked resin - e.g. silicone, contg. pref. carbon black and carrying embedded electrical wires - Google Patents

Flat heating elements made of heat stable crosslinked resin - e.g. silicone, contg. pref. carbon black and carrying embedded electrical wires Download PDF

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Publication number
BE904884A
BE904884A BE0/216753A BE216753A BE904884A BE 904884 A BE904884 A BE 904884A BE 0/216753 A BE0/216753 A BE 0/216753A BE 216753 A BE216753 A BE 216753A BE 904884 A BE904884 A BE 904884A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
resin
heating elements
carbon black
pref
silicone
Prior art date
Application number
BE0/216753A
Other languages
French (fr)
Original Assignee
Geuskens Georges
Deltour Robert
Vallier Thierry
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Geuskens Georges, Deltour Robert, Vallier Thierry filed Critical Geuskens Georges
Priority to BE0/216753A priority Critical patent/BE904884A/en
Publication of BE904884A publication Critical patent/BE904884A/en
Priority to US07/058,312 priority patent/US4808470A/en
Priority to EP87870077A priority patent/EP0248781A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Flat heating elements are produced from a resin which is thermostable at 500 deg.C, soluble at room temp. and crosslinkable by heating. The resin is pref. rendered conductive by the addition of 5-20 wt.% C black, w.r.t. resin.

Description

       

  Georges GEUSKENS La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'éléments chauffants plats constitués d'une couche de résine synthétique chargée de

  
noir de carbone entre deux feuilles de matériaux isolants. Deux conducteurs métalliques parallèles sont incorporés dans la résine qui seront reliés à

  
une source de courant. Ce type d'élément chauffant peut prendre des formes variées mais aura avantageusement une forme carrée ou rectangulaire.

  
On sait que l'adjonction d'une quantité suffisante de noir de carbone dans un polymère normalement isolant peut le rendre conducteur de l'électricité. L'état de la question est présenté dans un ouvrage récent intitulé "Carbon Black-Polymer Composites" (edit. E.K. Sichel, M. Dekker, New York,
1982). Diverses applications de cette propriété en vue de la fabrication d'éléments chauffants sont commercialisées, notamment sous forme de rubans chauffants autorégulants. Ces applications sont cependant limitées à des températures d'environ 150[deg.]C.

  
Par rapport à la situation antérieure, la présente invention vise à atteindre des températures nettement supérieures (de l'ordre de 400[deg.]C) en utilisant, selon un procédé de fabrication simple adapté à la fabrication d'éléments chauffants plats de dimensions quelconques, une résine synthétique en solution à température ambiante.

  
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la résine synthétique sera

  
une résine thermiquement stable jusqu'à 500[deg.]C, soluble à température ambiante, de manière à ce que du noir de carbone puisse être dispersé dans une solution de la résine.

  
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la résine, après formation d'un film conducteur par évaporation du solvant, pourra être réticulée à chaud.

  
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la résine chargée de

  
noir de carbone pourra être étendue en une ou plusieurs couches sur un support isolant avec lequel elle présentera une bonne adhésion.

  
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, deux conducteurs métalliques seront disposés parallèlement à la surface du film de résine conductrice et l'ensemble sera recouvert d'une autre feuille ou plaque de matériau isolant sur lequel une ou plusieurs couches de résine conductrice auront éventuellement été déposées. Les deux couches de résine seront mises au contact l'une de l'autre de manière à se recouvrir.

  
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'ensemble devra pouvoir être réticulé à chaud dans une presse chauffante. Ceci impliquera éventuellement l'adjonction à la résine d'un catalyseur approprié. 

  
L'invention a pour objet la mise au point d'un procédé permettant la réalisation pratique d'éléments chauffants. D'autres aspects, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront de la description générale du procédé et des exemples qui suivent.

  
D'une manière générale, la concentration de la résine en solution sera adaptée de manière à ce qu'elle puisse être étendue facilement sous forme d'un film uniforme. La concentration pourra atteindre 50% en poids mais sera avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 25% en poids. Du noir de carbone d'une variété extra-conductrice, comme le Ketjenblack EC de AKZO, le Blackpearls 2000 de CABOT ou le Philblack XE-2 de PHILLIPS Petroleum, sera dispersé par agitation énergique.dans la solution de résine. On pourra utiliser des teneurs comprises entre 1 et 20% en poids par rapport à la résine sèche, mais plus avantageusement de l'ordre de 7 à 13%, de manière à atteindre la conductivité désirée dans des conditions d'application aisée.

   Comme support isolant, on pourra utiliser des plaques de verre ou des feuilles de mica sur lesquelles la résine chargée en noir de carbone sera étalée en une ou plusieurs couches avec séchage intermédiaire dans ce dernier cas. Deux conducteurs métalliques seront disposés parallèlement à la surface de la résine après séchage du film et le tout sera recouvert d'une nouvelle plaque ou feuille d'isolant éventuellement enduite également de résine conductrice. Dans ce dernier cas, les deux couches de résine seront mises au contact l'une de l'autre et les conducteurs métalliques seront placés entre ces deux couches conductrices. L'ensemble sera ensuite chauffé sous presse à une température et dans des conditions permettant la réticulation de la résine.

Exemple 1

  
 <EMI ID=1.1> 

  
un mélange de solvantsàbase de xylène. On y disperse 7% en poids par rapport à la résine sèche de Ketjenblack EC de AKZO, puis la solution est étalée sur

  
 <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
un poids de résine de 0,05g par cm de support. Après avoir disposé deux fils de cuivre parallèlement l'un à l'autre à la surface de la résine, l'ensemble est recouvert d'une autre feuille de papier mica avant d'être chauffé sous pres-

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
(La résistance carrée est mesurée entre deux conducteurs métalliques parallèles formant les côtés d'un carré). Un tel élément placé entre deux feuilles supplémentaires d'isolant mica puis entre deux plaques d'acier de 1 mm d'épaisseur,

  
 <EMI ID=4.1>  

Exemple 2

  
En procédant comme ci-dessus, au départ d'une solution à 20% en poids de résine 805 de DOW CORNING chargée à 10% de Ketjenblack EC par rapport à la résine sèche et en étalant une quantité de résine correspondant après séchage à 0,03 g par cm <2> de support mica, on obtient un élément dont la résistance carrée vaut 100 Si et qui atteint, entre deux plaques métalliques disposées comme ci-dessus, une température de 200[deg.]C s'il est alimenté en 220 V.

Exemple 3

  
On procède comme précédemment au départ d'une résine silicone Baysilone P850 de BAYER en solution à 15%. La solution contient en suspension 10% de Ketjenblack EC par rapport à la résine sèche. Elle est étalée sur du papier mica de manière à obtenir après séchage un poids de 0,04 g de résine par cm .

  
 <EMI ID=5.1> 

  
1 mm d'épaisseur, conduit à la surface à une température de 265[deg.]C s'il est alimenté en 220 V.

Exemple 4

  
On procède comme précédemment au départ d'une résine silicone Baysilone P850 de BAYER en solution à 20%. Le Ketjenblack EC est ajouté à raison de 10% par rapport à la résine sèche. La résine est étalée par épaisseurs égales sur deux supports de papier mica qui sont ensuite superposés après séchage, de manière à ce que les couches conductrices se touchent. La résistance carrée de

  
 <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
atteint à la surface une température de 400[deg.]C si l'élément est alimenté en
220 V. 

  
Revendications

  
1. Eléments chauffants plats caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont fabriqués à partir

  
d'une résine thermostable à 500[deg.]C, soluble à température ambiante et réticulable par chauffage.



  Georges GEUSKENS The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing flat heating elements consisting of a layer of synthetic resin charged with

  
carbon black between two sheets of insulating material. Two parallel metallic conductors are incorporated in the resin which will be connected to

  
a current source. This type of heating element can take various forms but will advantageously have a square or rectangular shape.

  
It is known that the addition of a sufficient quantity of carbon black in a normally insulating polymer can make it electrically conductive. The state of the question is presented in a recent work entitled "Carbon Black-Polymer Composites" (edit. E.K. Sichel, M. Dekker, New York,
1982). Various applications of this property for the production of heating elements are marketed, in particular in the form of self-regulating heating tapes. These applications are however limited to temperatures of approximately 150 [deg.] C.

  
Compared to the previous situation, the present invention aims to reach significantly higher temperatures (of the order of 400 [deg.] C) using, according to a simple manufacturing process suitable for the manufacture of flat heating elements of dimensions any synthetic resin in solution at room temperature.

  
According to a characteristic of the invention, the synthetic resin will

  
a thermally stable resin up to 500 [deg.] C, soluble at room temperature, so that carbon black can be dispersed in a solution of the resin.

  
According to another characteristic of the invention, the resin, after formation of a conductive film by evaporation of the solvent, can be crosslinked when hot.

  
According to another characteristic of the invention, the resin charged with

  
carbon black may be extended in one or more layers on an insulating support with which it will exhibit good adhesion.

  
According to another characteristic of the invention, two metal conductors will be arranged parallel to the surface of the film of conductive resin and the assembly will be covered with another sheet or plate of insulating material on which one or more layers of conductive resin may have been filed. The two layers of resin will be brought into contact with each other so as to overlap.

  
According to another characteristic of the invention, the assembly must be able to be crosslinked when hot in a heating press. This will eventually involve adding an appropriate catalyst to the resin.

  
The subject of the invention is the development of a method allowing the practical production of heating elements. Other aspects, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the general description of the process and from the examples which follow.

  
In general, the concentration of the resin in solution will be adapted so that it can be easily extended in the form of a uniform film. The concentration may reach 50% by weight but will advantageously be between 10 and 25% by weight. Carbon black of an extra-conductive variety, such as Ketjenblack EC from AKZO, Blackpearls 2000 from CABOT or Philblack XE-2 from PHILLIPS Petroleum, will be dispersed by vigorous stirring in the resin solution. Contents between 1 and 20% by weight relative to the dry resin may be used, but more advantageously of the order of 7 to 13%, so as to achieve the desired conductivity under conditions of easy application.

   As insulating support, it is possible to use glass plates or mica sheets on which the resin loaded with carbon black will be spread in one or more layers with intermediate drying in the latter case. Two metal conductors will be arranged parallel to the surface of the resin after drying of the film and the whole will be covered with a new plate or sheet of insulation possibly also coated with conductive resin. In the latter case, the two layers of resin will be brought into contact with one another and the metal conductors will be placed between these two conductive layers. The assembly will then be heated in press at a temperature and under conditions allowing the crosslinking of the resin.

Example 1

  
 <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
a mixture of xylene based solvents. It is dispersed therein 7% by weight relative to the dry resin of Ketjenblack EC from AKZO, then the solution is spread over

  
 <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
a resin weight of 0.05 g per cm of support. After having placed two copper wires parallel to each other on the surface of the resin, the assembly is covered with another sheet of mica paper before being heated under pressure.

  
 <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
(The square resistance is measured between two parallel metallic conductors forming the sides of a square). Such an element placed between two additional sheets of mica insulation and then between two steel plates 1 mm thick,

  
 <EMI ID = 4.1>

Example 2

  
By proceeding as above, starting from a solution at 20% by weight of resin 805 of DOW CORNING loaded with 10% of Ketjenblack EC relative to the dry resin and spreading a quantity of resin corresponding after drying to 0, 03 g per cm <2> of mica support, an element is obtained whose square resistance is equal to 100 Si and which reaches, between two metal plates arranged as above, a temperature of 200 [deg.] C if it is supplied in 220 V.

Example 3

  
The procedure is as above, starting with a Baysilone P850 silicone resin from BAYER in 15% solution. The solution contains in suspension 10% of Ketjenblack EC compared to the dry resin. It is spread on mica paper so as to obtain, after drying, a weight of 0.04 g of resin per cm.

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
1 mm thick, leads to the surface at a temperature of 265 [deg.] C if it is supplied with 220 V.

Example 4

  
The procedure is as above, starting with a Baysilone P850 silicone resin from BAYER in 20% solution. Ketjenblack EC is added at a rate of 10% compared to the dry resin. The resin is spread in equal thicknesses on two mica paper supports which are then superimposed after drying, so that the conductive layers touch each other. The square resistance of

  
 <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
reaches a surface temperature of 400 [deg.] C if the element is supplied with
220 V.

  
Claims

  
1. Flat heating elements characterized in that they are made from

  
a thermostable resin at 500 [deg.] C, soluble at room temperature and crosslinkable by heating.


    

Claims (1)

2. Eléments chauffants selon la revendication 1 caractérisés en ce que la résin' 2. Heating elements according to claim 1 characterized in that the resin ' est rendue conductrice par adjonction de noir de carbone à des teneurs comprises entre 5 et 20% en poids de résine sèche. is made conductive by the addition of carbon black at contents of between 5 and 20% by weight of dry resin. 3. Eléments chauffants selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisés en ce que 3. Heating elements according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that la résine conductrice est étalée en couche(s) mince(s) entre deux feuilles ou plaques d'isolant entre lesquels sont également insérés deux conducteurs métalliques disposés parallèlement. <EMI ID=7.1> the conductive resin is spread in a thin layer (s) between two sheets or sheets of insulation between which are also inserted two metallic conductors arranged in parallel. <EMI ID = 7.1> constituants isolants mentionnés sont soit des feuilles de papier mica, soit des plaques de verre et que la résine est réticulée à chaud entre les armatures d'une presse chauffante. Insulating components mentioned are either sheets of mica paper or glass plates and the resin is crosslinked hot between the frames of a heating press.
BE0/216753A 1986-06-06 1986-06-06 Flat heating elements made of heat stable crosslinked resin - e.g. silicone, contg. pref. carbon black and carrying embedded electrical wires BE904884A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE0/216753A BE904884A (en) 1986-06-06 1986-06-06 Flat heating elements made of heat stable crosslinked resin - e.g. silicone, contg. pref. carbon black and carrying embedded electrical wires
US07/058,312 US4808470A (en) 1986-06-06 1987-06-05 Heating element and method for the manufacture thereof
EP87870077A EP0248781A1 (en) 1986-06-06 1987-06-05 Heating element and its manufacturing process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE0/216753A BE904884A (en) 1986-06-06 1986-06-06 Flat heating elements made of heat stable crosslinked resin - e.g. silicone, contg. pref. carbon black and carrying embedded electrical wires
BE904884 1986-06-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE904884A true BE904884A (en) 1986-10-01

Family

ID=25654947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BE0/216753A BE904884A (en) 1986-06-06 1986-06-06 Flat heating elements made of heat stable crosslinked resin - e.g. silicone, contg. pref. carbon black and carrying embedded electrical wires

Country Status (1)

Country Link
BE (1) BE904884A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2725104A1 (en) * 1994-09-27 1996-03-29 Guerleau Patrick Electric heater using carbon

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2725104A1 (en) * 1994-09-27 1996-03-29 Guerleau Patrick Electric heater using carbon

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RE Patent lapsed

Owner name: GEUSKENS GEORGES

Effective date: 19880630

Owner name: DELTOUR ROBERT

Effective date: 19880630

Owner name: VALLIER THIERRY

Effective date: 19880630