BE635798A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "PROCESS OF PLACING BY EXPLOSION AND PRODUCT OBTAINED $ ,,

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The present invention relates to a novel process for welding metals together. The invention relates in particular to a method for welding metal surfaces and especially for welding a metal surface to one or more layers of the same metal or of another metal. The invention also relates to the articles or objects obtained by this process.



   The use of composite products formed of metals welded together as building materials has become common; in recent years.



  These composite products :! consist of a base metal * which is usually relatively inexpensive, to the surface of which is welded or applied a layer of a second metal which has certain desirable properties, for example, high resistance to corrosion or corrosion. oxidation, which does not characterize the base metal. In most cases, the metal which forms the coating layer is significantly more expensive than the base metal to which it is coated. Thus, a considerable saving is possible by employing a thin layer rather than a thick layer of the expensive metal.

   It goes without saying that this economy is greatly increased when using welded materials of the type indicated in the construction or manufacture of large pieces of equipment.

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Ment, such as pipelines, storage tanks and process vessels for large chemical plants.



   A second advantage of using welded or coated metal results from the fact that the metal which possesses the desired resistance to corrosion or other desired property frequently does not have the desired tensile strength, nor the desired properties of corrosion. -rosis- tance to heat or resistance to compression, to allow it to be used as such in applications where it is stressed. Thus, in addition to the economy achieved by the use of the less expensive metal, the resistance struc The strength and rigidity that this metal can impart to the composite product constitutes an important and valuable factor in composite assemblies.



   In addition to the aforementioned applications of composite or welded metals, the present invention can be used, in particular for the manufacture of X-ray apparatus, cooking vessels, as well as decorative articles for automobiles and buildings. Thus, in many cases, it may be desirable to protect metals, such as molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys, which are primarily used in applications where they are subjected to high temperatures, by heat. layer of an oxidation resistant material, such as "Nichrome" alloy.



   There are various methods of welding one metal to the surface of another metal, so as to form a laminated composite assembly. However, each of these methods has certain drawbacks which are such

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 that these methods are disadvantageous or even entirely inappropriate in certain circumstances.



   The oldest commercial method of applying a coat of a table over another metal is the so-called "hot dipping or" galvanizing "process. when applied to zinc coatings. This process consists essentially of dipping the article to be coated in a bath of molten metal for a short period of time. In order to obtain a satisfactory coating, it is necessary that the two metals blend together, at least to some extent.

   The drawbacks of the hot dipping process are as follows: (1) this process does not allow precise control of the thickness of the outer layer, nor the distribution of this layer on the surface of the underlying metal. - hundred; (2) some metals do not alloy with each other or form detrimental brittle phases, so much so that the production of a continuous layer formed by combinations of these metals is not practicable.



  Because of the difficulties in handling large quantities of molten metals with high melting points, such as copper, nickel, tungsten and cobalt, as well as the possibility of causing unwanted thermal changes in the body. As the base metal, the hot dipping process could only be applied in the case of metals having relatively low melting points.



   Another well-known method of applying one layer of one metal to another is electroplating.

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 EMI5.1
 In this process, the article to be plated is soaked, after careful cleaning, in a solution of a compound of
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 metal, one of which is voted again, after which a centric current is passed through the solution, the plated article serving as the cathode. In co proceeds from 1 loctl'o '"veneer, one can obtain 108 adherent layers, of which
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 the thickness this fncile to control, while the deposited layer has ynrt3, emcrnt of a high purity.

   However, this process takes time and is expensive, while in addition, the porosity of the deposited layer and the problems.
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 De, frâvlitd from the hydrogen produced impose serious limitations on the use of coatings deposited by d.ectrcplncago, in many applications. Moreover, this process is not suitable for the deposition of coatings formed from alloys.



   Vapor deposition constitutes a third
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 second method of applying a layer of one 11tal over another. CC; process was only able to be used in a limited number of cases, because of the special and costly measures that it requires and because of the control conditions.
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 precise that it required. The results obtained in this process are nr.3.:menG adherent * flexible s and of a maximum. purity. Certain elements, such as silicon, tellurium and selenium, which are difficult z. deposited by other methods, can be deposited in the vapor phase.



   A fourth, and more common, method of welding a metal to a harm is to directly laminate one layer onto another, applying heat and pressure. Although various variations of this laminate coating technique are used

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 Trading for the production of hardwood, yarn, bandus and other coated or coated articles, all of these variations have some serious drawbacks.

   First of all, this process is limited to metals which can form an effective joint or weld under the conditions.
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 in presence * In fact, there are certain combinations of
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 metals pttr example the :: combinations of tungsten and
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 niobium. for which none of the welding processes
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 known to the present time is not effective. On the other hand, under the conditions of the extreme tCl'Ilp.!. rnturQs extromos which are necessary for a lamir, nnG hot eCTicucc, it often forms a COll1pO: 3 s int < : Very brittle very undesirable: or else, other undesirable effects remain, for example 1 ^ d: arntian of agents which make the products Cl1SSa4nts, from the ambient atmosphere.



  Cl y S; ' Thus, a nutt1vnntnc of the direct lnminnge lies in the fact that d4s tuchniqu <-s expensive ut difficult, tollos that one welded away from the grz, in unort atmospheres or under vacuum,:> 1n51 quu des n, ) p11rcila dl. lrMinnge complic'so3ont n-etfioairua.



  The present invention (1 relates to a process for welding m.tf'11iquv8 surfaces to one another. It also relates to a .7ayn erlel to which one can weld one \ the other virtually n 'anyamtaux or rl- J in [': of} m: tnlliquc5, de fqon form un (.n5mblu composes several layers. L invC! '1tion has ut! s1 for object do3; uDu', blcl; formas of welded metals, cnst.'nbl.s in which the coating layer is 1m, crr. \. 5t1blt. uniform and adherent, all a * îtnnt obtained by a convenient process and # '# co *
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 nomiquo.

   The invention also aims to obtain hard sets
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 laminates formed from metals which heretofore could not be welded effectively. Other subjects of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which is given below.



   The Applicant has observed that the above-mentioned objectives are achieved when, in accordance with the invention, a layer of a matai is supported roughly parallel to a surface of a metal to be coated, the inner surface of the coating. With the coating metal layer at a certain distance from the surface of the metal to be coated, on the outer surface of the coating metal layer is placed a layer of a high explosive whose detonation speed is less than 120% of the speed of sound in 3rd metal. in the system possessing or initiating the highest sonic velocity, and the explosive layer is ignited.

   It is ordinarily desirable to use an explosive whose detonation rate is greater than the rate of metal sound at the highest sonic rate. This represents the preferred embodiment of the invention. The metal layers must be at a distance from one another at least sufficient so that the layer propelled or pushed back under the effect of the explosion reaches an adequate speed before its impact with the fixed layer.

   A gap of 0.025 mm between the surfaces at a glance from each other of the two layers represents the minimum gap which has been consistently found to be adequate. The maximum permissible spacing depends entirely on the decrease in the speed of the forced or propelled layer, this decrease being due to the air between the layers. When we increase

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 charge of explosive or when the interval between layers is evacuated, clearances well in excess of 0.025 mm are possible. In general, however, it is argued that a gap of more than 1.25 cm is not suitable or necessary.



   The products obtained by the process according to the present invention are metallic articles with several layers comprising at least two metallic layers bent to each other, so as to form a composite assembly, by a tie layer consisting of a homogeneous alloy of intermediate composition between the metal layers which it welds to one another.



    The term "composite article" denotes a metal composite article comprising alternating layers of the same or different metals, each of which has been welded to the complementary metal layer by a separate intermediate weld of a homogeneous alloy.



  This homogeneous alloy consists essentially of the materials which it welds together.



     The expression "tie or weld layer". as used in the present report, designates a continuous seal extending at least over approximately 90% of the surface of each interface, this layer being either a substantially continuous layer of homogeneous alloy, or a zone comprising distinct and relatively periodic regions of homogeneous alloy established between direct and substantially continuous welding zones from one metal to another.



   Composite articles according to the present invention are articles of conventional shape, such as

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 plates, excavations, due bungs, rushes,
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 bars, tubes, etc. These articles exhibit greater than about 7% of the shear strength of the weakest metal in the system, before coating, while virtually no separation of the gasket ions between the
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 m / 'layers:

  t1, l1li'luCs of these articles, when folded according to the conditions of the conventional folding method, in which the joint is subjected to a tension ct at a compression, the radius of curvature. where the bend is ÓCA1 at soft times the thickness of the composite article: in this test, the plinpo angle is greater than about 75% of that possible with the least ductile component of the article.



   The respective welding zones in the composite articles or recvCtus according to the invention are
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 Deposit defined as inturntomic and 6tpnt dos mîlnnge3. ; \ multiple constituents of the metallic coating layer and of the metallic layer to be coated, these areas possessing characteristic structures which, although they are not always completely distinct, generally result in swirling patterns and column- form. This area presents the ty-
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 spade of a casting obtained prr fusion cxtrmont rn ..

   more rusoliditiontion of thin layers of a mixture of soft metals constituting respectively the layer of revitalization and the layer to revive it The welding zone does not reveal distinct metallic phases, as it is on r, ncoritre in c, -rtinC5 non-solid solutions, for example in for-titanium systems, this could normally be predicted on the basis of the equilibrium conditions of the constitution diagram.

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  The zone of the noudago is appreciably oxompto dw diffusion, c c8t * 4-diru that the ûugro of metallic intardiffusion in this zone, 1 along any interface, is less than the limit of the measure which can liter obtained with the best Ó1Lctroniquo probe uses the best metallor, raphiquo8 techniques, ie less than 0.2 micron. In addition, the weld zone is rumnrquiiblo by an unbalanced structure \ .. while 011 \. \ Pr "8ùnto everywhere closed sensibly uniform phyoiquua \! T chemical properties and continuous, The expression h support layer '' denotes the metallic layer against the other metallic layer, cf. cst.dir .. the overlapping layer, is crushed ,. or propelled by the effect of the i4 explosion.

   It is evident that when the composite article according to the present invention comprises more cl ,. two metallic layers, several of these layers serve as layers of the support and coating layers, depending on the welding zone
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 culière to which we refer
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 To understand the invention, we will now refer to the drawings c.-rnnx4s, in which:
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 - Figure 1 is a cross section
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 a char c-ns usable for the implementation of the invention
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 tion;
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 # 11 '\ figure .: 2 is uru; microphotography; randi.s: 4m; nt d bzz7) of a .n3t ,, - ibl (, bimetallic prepared for the process: d, j according to the invention;. In figure 3 shows 8ch6t1qucnt 1 ,: ph4 - 'nomene which pr.rnît sv will produce ru cours d; ..

   Non-performance of
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 present process;

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 - Figure 4 shows a typical assembly for the preparation of multi-layered articles, and
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 FIGS. 5 to 11 are microphoto- graphs (enlargement of 125) of welding zones of composite articles following the invuntion.
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  In figure 1, the metallic coucha ro- vêtir is designated by the notation of the reference 1. This
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 coucho 1 this nnerea in a support medium 5 consisting of a gypsum cement on the coating layer 2 uat supported: .udo5sus of the base layer 1 by small undulations 4 provided in the surface of the layer of the re-
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 garment 2. This') 3On Lt c.:1.rtüm,"nt wanted 6 between the two layers. A layer of explosive d.agent 3 is placed on top of layer 2, so that Ctrc contiguous to zero here .. At one edge d0 the explosive layer is attached a detonator .. - ..-..-... 7 comprising conducting wires Ô,
In the photomicrograph of Figure 2, the reference notation A indicates a base coat in
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 mobybdenc.

   B denotes a layer of low carbon steel ruvôtemont and F denotes the bonding or welding zone made of material from layers A and B.



   In figure 3, A denotes the metallic layer of the base, B denotes the layer of the metallic coating.
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 that, D denotes the explosive layer before d.aon 4 tion ut D 'dasignt, the detonation products rrzc: ux which are formed as a result of the detonation of the layer D, B denotes a liquid stream of material coming from the layers AJet B, which collides with the infrared rib,: core of In layer B, just one before the point of i, .ti -) ;, ct C, ot F designates

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 the material immobilized between layers A and B and welding these layers to each other,
Figure 4 shows an assembly for the preparation of articles with more soft layers.



  The metal layer 10, which is to be coated, of the metal sheets 11 and 12 rests on a plywood support 13. The metal layers 10, 11 and 12 are separated by a gap obtained by thin metal particles 14. A layer formed of tape, polystyrene foam or other inert material 15 covers the upper surface of the film. layer 12, so as to protect it against the direct effoto of the explosive layer 16. The explosive is ignited by an initiation or ignition device 17 attached to a corner of the explosive and comprising back conductors 18.

   The explosive layer 16 may extend somewhat beyond the topcoat layer, so as to form a suitable portion for attaching the igniter and to ensure that the detonation front is at speed. maximum desired, when it is near the edge of the assembly.



   FIGS. 5 to 11 showing, in the form of photomicrographs, the variations in the welding zone obtained by the process according to the invention, as a result of variations in the interval between the layers to be welded. Each of these figures shows a system made of type 304 stainless steel 0.3125 cm thick, applied to mild steel 2.5 cm thick, welding s' being performed using a 2.1875 cm layer of Amatol 80/20 a grain having a detonation velocity

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 equal to about 3900 metros per second in each case.



  The interval between layers for the production of the laminate article of Figure 5 exceeds 0.075 mm, while the respective intervals between the layers when producing the articles of Figures 6 to 11 were 0.225 mm. 75mm, 0.525mm, 0.525mm, 0.675mm and 0.675mm respectively.

   Thus, the weld zone obtained in the process according to the present invention can vary between a continuous thin layer of substantially uniform width, one passing through a continuous thick layer, up to a layer formed of zones or Relatively periodic and distinct pockets of homogeneous alloy, separated by areas in which direct and substantially continuous welding is effected between the metals. The nature of the welding zone depends on the distance between the surfaces to be welded and the speed of the explosive used.

   It should be noted, however, that the various welding zones mentioned above are included within the scope of the present invention.



   The following examples illustrate some of the many combinations of mtnux which can be welded to each other by the process according to the present invention. These examples are given for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the invention. Any composite metal article can be obtained by suitably grinding the operating conditions.



   Example 1
The explosive used in this example consisted of a thin, uniform sheet of a flexible explosive composition comprising 20% of tetranitrate.

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 Very fine puntadrythritol (PETN), 70% of lead lead and 10% of a 50/50 mixture of butyl rubber and a thermoplastic resin, (binder) in p-pinane polymers of the formula (C1qH6) n-Ï, existing commercially under the name Piccolyto "S-10 (product manufactured by Ponneylvania Industrial Chcmi, cnl Cor-
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 poration). Full details about this compo-
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 1
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 sition, as well as a convened procedure for its preparation.
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 tion are described in the application d, brovot of the United States of America filed Oct. 26, 1660 under No. 65,012 in the name of Cyril J.

   Breza. The composition is niségcnt
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 rolled into sheets and detonated at a speed of
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 about 4100 miters per second.
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  A 15 cm by 22 # 5 cm mild steel plate and 1.25 cm thick was p111CO on a contropln qu; wooden block. On top of this plate, a 0.3125 cm stainless steel plate is placed, so that the two pltlquus are exactly naked from each other, while being kept at a distance. a distance of * 0.3125 cm, using steel spacer ltmul1ts. roctl1ngull '\ i- rus arrange each corner of the two plates.



  The outer surface of the stainless steel plate has been smoothed; layer of a protective tape, which comes out at umpfchur an endotrmr.femunt of the final surface A layer of 1 \ explosive aroused; F.cri t. with dimensions
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 sions conforming to those of the plates and weighing 15 g per
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 6.25 csn2 r was placed on] 1n lay with a protective tape. A commercial linnirus background generator of the type described in U.S. Patent No. 2,943,571, issued July 5, 9bU !, has been attached to a

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 side of the rectangular explosive layer and then actuated. Upon detonation of the explosive, the mild steel and stainless steel were found to be firmly and evenly welded to each other, resulting in a composite assembly.

   Microscopic examination revealed excellent welding. Tests carried out according to the A.S.T.M. n 2263-44T on the assembly in question, in order to determine the shear strength of the joint, revealed an average shear strength of 5.145 kg. cm2.

   The minimum shear strength prescribed by A.S.T.M. for this kind of laminated products is 1400 kg / cm2, while articles obtained by conventional methods usually exhibit a shear strength of 2100 to 2450 kg / cm2. The composite product could be bent at 1800 on a mandrel, the diameter of which was equal to soft times the thickness of the composite product, without any separation occurring between the layers.



   Example 2
A 60 cm by 60 cm by 1.875 cm mild steel plate was placed on a plywood support block. A surface of a 60 cm by 60 cm by 0.07825 cm type 304 stainless steel sheet was covered with a protective tape and placed, ensuring that the covered side of the tape was facing upwards. , on the mild steel plate, taking care that a distance of 0.01475 cm separates the soft plates, this separation being ensured by a few powdered iron particles, which have been sieved so as to pass through. to a sieve with a mesh of 0.147 mm and at and);

  '\ ,. retained by a 0.074 mm mesh sieve. The surface of the tape has been

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 then completely covered with TNT in granular form, at a rate of 5.2 grams per 6.25 cm 2 and with a starting density of 0.8 grams per cm 3. Ignition / of the explosive was carried out using a No. 6 electric detonating capsule placed at a corner of the explosive layer. The granular TNT layer detonated at a rate of approximately 4200 meters per second.

   After detonation of the explosive, the composite product formed of stainless steel applied to mild steel and measuring 60 cm by 60 cm showed, on examination, complete and furious welding over more than 95% of the surface. intermediate between layers, as well as a shear strength of 3150 kg / cm2. The composite article was able to be bent at 180 on a mandrel, the thickness of which corresponded to twice the thickness of said product, without a separation being manifested between the layers.



     Example 3
A layer of nickel 0.625 mm thick was applied to a 2.5 cm thick mild steel plate in the following manner: a 15 cm by 22.5 cm mild steel plate was been placed on a plywood support block.

   Powdered iron particles sieved in the manner shown in Example 2 were placed at various places on the upper surface of the soft steel plate, so as to ensure between this plate and the susjacunto plate an interval of 0 , 01475 cm. One surface of the nickel coating layer has been covered with a protective layer of tape, so as to prevent small deformation or marking of the surface by the force of the explosive.

   The tape layer was in turn covered with a layer of

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 the explosive composition described in Example 1, at a rate of 30 grams per 6.25 cm2 The composite product formed of the nickel plate, the protective tape and the explosive layer was placed, a valiant at this that the the nickel side is facing downwards, on the plate a mild steel, ensuring: '1 that the soft plates match each other exactly. An electric initiator # 6 was attached to a corner of the explosive layer and detonated.

   A nickel-mild steel assembly was obtained with an excellent seal between the two metal layers. The shear strength of the laminate was 2450 kg / cm2 and this product could not be bent over 180, around a mandrel having a thickness. equal to two times that of the composite product, without its producing a separation between the layers *
Example 4 The procedure was as in Example 3, with regard to the technique and the explosive composition, to prepare a composite product of 7.5 cm by 7.5 cm formed of molybdenum on stainless steel of type 304. .



  The thickness of the molybdenum coating layer was 0.1 cm, and that of the stainless steel layer was 0.02125 cm. The weight of the layer of explosive used was 15 grams per 6.25 cm2 and the interval between the two layers was 0.01475 cm. An excellent composite product was obtained.



   Example 5
A layer of 0.15625 cm of copper was applied to a mild steel plate 1.25 cm thick. The copper sheet measuring 7.5 cm by 15 cm,

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 was covered on one side with a layer of a 2.5 cm styrofoam splicer and the layer of poly-
 EMI18.1
 styrene was itself covered with a layer of an explosive composition of Example 1 at a rate of 10 grams per 6.25 cm2, the edges of the product formed during the excavation
 EMI18.2
 copper, the layer of polystyrene and the layer of explosive were provided with an imporinable tape at 011U and ...

   seems to have been clamped on In plnque d'ncior soft, an intor- v. "llo entru ln layer of cuivra ut In layer of old thick 0.345 cm, this inturvnlle etz, nt obtained at nida do pnrti- culos uniformo3do for in powder form, the particles have a caliber such that they penetrate through a 1y36 mm mesh tnmis, while being rotonuoa by a 0.147 mm wing tnmis, the edges of the onsuito 4té grrnia of a rubnn and an electric initintour was attached to a corner of where the explosive was laid. The whole set was, n, uit: itrlnúrgl1 in water ot l 'vxplo: 3if n summer or started igniting We n obtained an excellent solder: .g from copper to acur. An x; ren n reveals a perfect and complete weld on more than 95% of the internal surface.

   The composite product obtained achieved a shear strength of 1540 kg / cm2. It could have been bent or bent in the same way as described in Example 3, with similar results.



   Example 6
The procedure was as in Example 5, to prepare a product in the form of a titanium layer coated on copper. The dimensions of the leaves were 7.5 cm by 15 cm; In the titanium layer there is a thickness of 0.125 cm and the copper layer a thickness of 0.02125 cm.
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 An interval of 0.0345 cm was maintained at 18 layers

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 EMI19.1
 sifted powder titanium particles. The weight of They lay down of explosive d,.: 10 g per 6.25 cm2.

   After the detonation of the explosive, the titanium and copper excavations adhered uniformly to each other over at least 95% of the total 5u% 'fl ev of the 1 inturfllCu entered lt.8 layers. , while 1; ready product: 'it uno shear resistance of 1 <VOO kg / cm2.
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 Example * 7
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 Uno coucha do tit: -nu of 0.125 cm n té ..applied on a plate due 1.25 cm we mention soft, p ,, r the process described d:; na l '. ;; xc. "Fl1plû 5 The back dimensions were, for each: cun4 of them, 7.5 cm by 15 cm Law weight of the explosive tl: it of 15 g prr 6.25 cm2 ..t 11intorvdlo hanger los couchas tnit de 0.00425 cm, had interval ftrwt rssu-. Re pwr dos p: 'rticuli.; $ Uniforms d <1 for in powder of a free Ct'J t ..: 1 qu-i case p, rticulos pr.ssniont then a t ..-- set to m '111u8 do 0.043 mm.

   The product obtained is solida ..: t uniform,
 EMI19.4
 Example 8
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 We use the new mrniàro process described in example 5, to apply an aluminum layer of 0.3125 cm on a plique one rciar soft of 1.25 cm. The layers I, 1ùQur: 'iont each 7.5 cm by 15 cm. The court ha of explosive was applied to mison do 15 g by 6.25 cm2 had the tint) rv; The layers were removed by 0.01475 cm. After In d'5ton: 'tion of the explosive, 1.-. The aluminum layer was fiercely welded with mild steel over less than 95% of the total area of the intercoat between layers, while the product exhibited a low shear strength of 700 kg / cm2.

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 EMI20.1
 



  This product was not curved di 180 * # in oppl1qunnt 1 classic vaaoi dij curvature or p1i irge, on a mandrel of a ryon equal to the double do 1p; r ie50ur of the composite product meaning that we constrto bare s.lp : rl'tion des couchas.



  Example 9 A layer of 0.025 C ": 1 trntr lu was applied to a 10 cm 3 x 12.5 cm plate in soft thickness of a 1.25 cm thickener, auditing of the monler described above. ..; n: -na 1: xc, .rple 5. The conditions' 'are read as follows: inter- VI111. ;; 0.01475 cm; eh: -rgu of explosive!: 10 grprlnee pt'1' z25 cm2.

   An excellent product was obtained.
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 Example 10
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 The manner described in Example 5 was carried out to prepare a composite product measuring 15 cm by 17.5 cm and formed from a layer of C-1 Aü.strl7.oy C-1. , 15625 in on a layer of 1.25 cm of soft ticur, the layer of explosive corresponded substantially to that of Example 1, 3i had only the explosive aontonrot, d. ns ce c. '. o, 72 minium lead, 0% lirnt ot 2qJ do PSTN and due to a vitoaso of about' rU00 meters per second, the explosive being rpplic.uo1 at a rate of 15 g P '"r 6.25 cm2,
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 An interval of 0.0345 cm 1: Etc: '6suré ontro If layer of "H" stalloy Cu and II layer in soft sawn.

   The layer of explosive was n summer, dr ns ce c. s,; .'Humée by a linear wave generator3a, It was observed that the product obtained had a resistance; nc3 3 to the cisfdllement d .; 2,940 kg / cm2 and that it presents: it a joint r ", rmtJ and complete on had less 95f approximately of 1 :, surf.- ce tot .- 'lu dr, 1'intrf; ce untrù cou .. chc; s, Lo product r pu f; tr curved d; 180 ", s; ns quo las sr couchas are ncp'runt, using a .'round of a r: lyon also: U double the thickness of the product.

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 EMI21.1
 Example 11
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 A product IlHJ8urr'nt 7.5 that by 15 cm and formed of tt'nffle applied on copper was prepared p:, r 1 & technique of example 5. r: coucha du t: 'ntlle rvc it a thickness of 0.025 cm ut that of copper, around 0.015625 cm.

   The explosive was applied at a rate of 10 g pnr 6.25 cha2, trndio that the lct'rtO'nont <Jnt1 "where the two crosses Ltr3it of 0.01475 cm.
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  Example 12
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 A soft product 120 cm by 240 cm tc% n otitud of stainless encivr applied to the soft product n et4 prepared, -re pttr 1 :: technique of example 5. Li. Explosive conpoei ... tion dt: -it the one used: d ^ ns, .xar: p, 10, X oxplosive dtc nt used at a rate of 12.5 g pr'r 6.25 cr: 12.



  An interval! .11e of 0.0345 cm;. summer -x: intcnu between Ion cuts. Lr lay of the turn: # v.-it a splicer of 0.07325 cm and layer Aa br ne a thickness of 1.875 cm.
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  Example 13 An explosive composition containing 35% of
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 PTM, 5e, ', of plonb minimum and 15% of a binder of butyl rubber and synthetic uno rsino as described
 EMI21.7
 in example 1 r. been used. Check composition test
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 also easy to 1: -mine in the form of: digging f7..xi bles ut at speed of; of tonrtion is about 5000 meters
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 EMI21.10
 pr, r second.

   A soft walnut plrque measuring 25 by 25 cm and having a 4; pz-isseur of 0.125 cm was inserted in a block constitutes a cinent of hard gyps-3, hu-daesu8 of this plate, on. : gripper, in its line.
 EMI21.11
 that do 25 in by 25 cm ut with a thickness of 0.125 cm in
 EMI21.12
 r.1.'gn6iUr.1: In plaque do r.1 \ "gnesium presented several

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
 EMI22.1
 Uniform corrugations in aurfnce, these corrugations serving to bed maintain at a distribution of 0.05 oa of the pi.que de bnse on f-cior, a layer prosontnnt the m8m.-to size of the aforementioned explosive at a rate of 3 gp ; 'r 6.25 cm2 rt plccuc on 1 upper surface of the most magnesium ot a device dlt% llun..Sj electric n * 10. #; was; ttrch at one edge of the, laid down explosive and then nnorcû.

   An oxomen da In pi! That composite formed n revealed that lo3 two layers fdht'rfiont uniformly ot for- time one A 1 r'utrc, A .fX'en microscopic nc pre revealed do cracks, nor of dSfouts drns lo joint, trndie that efforts came to sep ror those who lay down to get to m ca: n3.quc so are over vnins,
 EMI22.2
 Example 14
 EMI22.3
 We proceeded as in 1 * spinning top '! 3 <ari using the explosive meteor in quantities indicated, to
 EMI22.4
 apply a coating with a thickness of 0.0075
 EMI22.5
 en on a fluiniu sheet of 0 # 125 co. i, s lying down measured 25 in over 25 ci ut dtniont diatnntus one do
 EMI22.6
 
 EMI22.7
 Ifetutrv of 0.0365 cr.



  KXQ.1P1O 15 A composite product, formed from a layer of In. conel applied to a soft dtncior cnuche was prepared from lr il ,, ni; r;., described in Example 13t using the explosive r.tne in the amount indicated. The layers of steel and Inconel rvr, all are 0.125 cc thick! and, aurriwt 25 in on 25 cn. The increment entered in this cut was 0.05 cry. The compound product was found to have a closed and uniform seal over more than 95% of the surface area of the interface between the layers, with less than 3 resistance. -.illeient 1ettIt da 2940 kcra2.

   The

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 composite product 11 could be bent over 1800 on a mnndrin
 EMI23.1
 the smear of which it strikes gently times that of the composite product, but that there is a s-3porntion between the layers of this product.



   Example 16
 EMI23.2
 A layer of 0.0025 cm thick "nichrome" was applied firmly to a tungsten base layer by the method of Example 13. The oxplosive and the amount of explosive used were the same as in Example 10, where the interval between layers was 0.0075 cm. The tungsten layer was 0.125 cm thick.



   Example 17
A composite product formed from a layer of
 EMI23.3
 molybdenum:, ppliqu6e on a layer of: tungstno n was lost pnr6 do lt, m;: nira described in 1.oxarzpl4 16, using a layer of 0.0125 cn of molybdenum, ru li,) u do li layer of tungsten,
 EMI23.4
 'jxcfnpio 18 A layered product with a thickness of 0.0075 cm a rllinge 90/6/4 tit: lne / luminium / v: nI dium r was applied to an excavation of 25 cm by 25 cm that has a thickness of 0.125 cm in tungsten, by the procedure described in axom 13. The interval between the layers 5t.- it of 0.0075 cr and the explosive was used in an amount identical to
 EMI23.5
 glue specified in Example 13, the explosive being d t r.il their the same as Ci.lui do Example 13. Excellent welding was found between the layers.



   Example 19
 EMI23.6
 A layer of 0.0175 cm in r: 111rige 80110110

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 
 EMI24.1
 R otated niobium / titrne / molybdenum applied to a 25 cm by 25 cm rtq excavation and a dp "iasour of 0.0125 cm of molybdenum using the operating procedure and the explosive of lluxeriplo 13, mnis in r: intonr: nt the two layers ce. p :, c6eB do 0.025 cm.
 EMI24.2
 



  Example 20
 EMI24.3
 A nolybdenum plate with a thickness of 2.25 c and measuring 2.5 μm by 10 μm, placed on a steel support plate. Uno dig on ncior soft measuring 2.5 by 10 in and ttynnt a thickness of 0.0125 cm r was plc6 directly on in plnque of molybdenum, at a distribution of 0.625 ci, thanks to pre-corrugations. . views from the corners of the leafy tree in improvement. A layer of 2.5 in on 10 in rf <* the explosive do .axer, ple 13 youinnt an explosive charge dj 2 e; r: .mr.1CIJ p: r 6.25 Cft2 Ct & col160 à 1 ' 1 supdrijure surface d.,; 1: searched in flciur.

   After t: i: l0rçlge or t'lluw '' d ;:, 2 explosive at an edge of an explosive layer, the soft lay nf't "lllqu <? Ss are snud <5.is r ,, rlar4cint l 'one to another ;, --ucuno trreo do cracking n> 6ttnt dCtùct:' blu "
 EMI24.4
 Example 21
 EMI24.5
 An excavation d: titrno do 15 cm by 25 cm of a 4pr.isseur of 0.02 ont;, ± t & 1 / .iin <iQ "around a cylindrical II1l" ndrin on for: vcsc un chovf ' uchetnont about 2.5 in.



  One edge of the excavation is left with small protrusions, so that the two overlapping edges are separated for an intervention. A bando made up of the same explosive as in Example 13 and having a length corresponding to that of the If) excavation z 6t6 p1rcte in the vicinity of the chovt-uch edges, nts of 1., fouilla ot nllumÓe at a extrl '$ mitc. The tube is titnne., Insi forms <'t. "It uniform

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 
 EMI25.1
 and free from fissures or other imp-erf-3etions.

   The grind4 seal presents: .It has an excellent mechanical performance and a metallurgical test. II) n'fi p. "C rCvClû do dise -ntinuit &.
 EMI25.2
 Example 22
 EMI25.3
 A sheet of stainless steel blo of a 6pnisaour of 0.0725 cm u and-.4 welded to back substrates a molybdenum, j ut on tungsten, by the process described in the oXoJr. 1plo 13, using li, oxplosivo composition of 1 csxo, npla 1, L't.cl \ rtol11vnt t;, it dtms ch :: quoJ c: s da 0.0375 cn, the di., Ncna3, nns of the layers '.lt .: t: .lllquOB rt-nt do 5 in on 5 CI:' !, ot 146pt-inserter back layers of the bf.so on molybdenum ut a tungsten of 0.097 in ot of 0.0525 in ronpoctivotiont.
 EMI25.4
 Example 23
 EMI25.5
 A layer of the titfwa of a 0.1 cm apf'iseur was welded to a layer of Inconol for the procedure described in 1 Pexe-ple 22. hr coucha do braa in Inconel vvrlt uni thickness àa 0.1375 c¯ :.

   The interval,:; ntrtJ 1-38 dux cou- chus Ctt1it of 0.0375 cm ut the layers r.3 on ^ int 5 cm by 5 cla. Good welding f t6 obtained.



  The following las xar.1plo5 24-33 illustrate the application of the process according to the present invention, for 1. '; manufacture dwi str.ti products, multi-layered fids, to see sands comprising more than two layers, Dn, s each of these examples, an {. uses a 4xplosivo composition containing 70, 'of minium do plol'1b, 20% of PETH and 10% of lirnt of oxonplo 1.
 EMI25.6
 



  Example 24
 EMI25.7
 Uno planqua of 15 in on 22.5 5 cc: with a 1.25 min sawn proofing machine of the type 1015 c was placed on a block of wooden support contrplnquf .. A layer of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 
 EMI26.1
 0.045 CI 'copper: \, P05ziede nt. dos dimensions corrt3spondt'n- t 939 dté p1ncéo on 1- plrque on recior, on Gtllnt r; intonuo (SortCop da collo- cl do 0.01475 in p ': rcù to d the particles of the fr, Urvi layer "Ii:' ci.; r inoyydnbla of a proof- Bour d: 0.15625 cm n onuuito 6tl: al.:c4s on If coucha do copper, an Itftnt '' f, .1 !! adorning me into'1UO to a '.) istrncw do 0.01475 in do cdlu "" ci, r: r ! 1c.J r4tka pcrticulus do r.1r.

   The upper surface: exposed do In coucha on in stainless steel n summer rocouvorto of a! cnucho protactrico du rub: n, then with a layer of explosive, to r. ison do 10 K prr 6.25 cr.i2, Une; mcrc4 C: ltJctriquo n t'5: tt: cho at a corner of 1 layer of explosive and one ruz f; it detonate 0 \) lu1-c1. The oxygen has obtained composite product which contains iru binding. xyd: 1bl ,, of copper and. do the steel of the type 1015 z revealed a metallurgical seal rllme to the place (various ka on.
 EMI26.2
 
 EMI26.3
 f [1ces welded between e7.lt.

   No distortion, no distortion sup trfici311os noted dcceinblca.
 EMI26.4
 Example 25
 EMI26.5
 A composite product n * sur .-, nt 15 in aur 22.5 in and constituted dt, stainless steel, copper, soft steel '3t of brown brass n': t manufactured in the mrni, rc3 described in l9ux: 7ple 24, on '-: 1 {' intonrnt entered the c4uch0 un f :: 5pnc (.. 'nHnt do 0.01475 in and using a layer of explosive at a rate of 20 gr ::: 1l11ùB ptr 6 , 25 cn 2. The p ^ ia .. sors of the layers of [1cior inaxydvblo, copper, soft steel and lriton jwuno and are received: ctiv.lT1.Jnt of 0.15625, 0.15625, 0.15625 and 0.3125 cri.
 EMI26.6
 



  Example '26
 EMI26.7
 On the basis of ln j1: -nièro described in example 24, we do not prepare a product consisting of m08ur {'! Nt 15 in) x

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 
 EMI27.1
 22.5 cm and formed of a layer of stainless steel of 0.15625 in), of an aluminum layer of 0.07825 cm and of a layer of soft dasci, r of 1.25 cm. The intrv.z¯1.1, between lis divorsea couchos St; 3t do 0.01475 cm jt the explosive u was used at a rate of 15 grt'mrn.J8 por 6.25 ai2,
 EMI27.2
 Exompoo 27 A multi-layered product measuring 15 cm
 EMI27.3
 x 22.5 cm made of stainless steel, mild steel, brass ut cit: soft ci4r a .: tee prepared by the technique described in item 24.

   The thickness of the layers was 0.01475 cm, but the explosive was used at a rate of 20 gr> ". Amo3 by 6.25 tx. 2, the disc thickness of ncior stainless, d'cior soft, brass ot dn-. wax soft being rùspûctiv ...> ffiont of 0.15625, 0.03, fl, fl725
 EMI27.4
 ot 1.25 in.
 EMI27.5
 Example 28
 EMI27.6
 A product with five couchos is 15 in x
 EMI27.7
 22.5 cm and consisting of a layer of aeier .ncxdf! 'BLs, a layer of soft acior, a coucho of copper, a layer of soft dl'nCior ot a layer of ncioy stainless n summer preprô do In me, nif ", ra described dune example 24.



  The thickness of the couchos stretches lr. next layer of a- Ci.or stainless! 0.15625 cm; layers of mild steel! oxo3 cut
 EMI27.8
 copper layer: 0.15625 cm, the interval between the layers was 0.01475 in and the explosive was used
 EMI27.9
 at the rate of 20 granmos pnr 6.25 cra2.
 EMI27.10
 Example 29
 EMI27.11
 A nrticlo cOI.1posi to mvsuront 75 cra2 and forjeté of a layer of titanium applied to a layer of ello-.1ôrno copper applied to a layer of stainless steel was prepared. Cl "\ mmo follows.

   A layer of copper <* a thickness

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 
 EMI28.1
 of 0.15625 cm was pinched on a layer of 0.02 cm in
 EMI28.2
 . '# stainless steel at one.) distance do 0.00725 CI! 1 Ml'int onuo p. r d3s p'rticulü6 and fur a powder (particles pt'Stll'ot through a ttlr.lie at r.l1'illo6 do 0.049 mm .a retained on a mesh screen of 0.043 nuy). Likewise, a layer on the titanium side, one thickness of 0.075 cm, was removed plt.c'9 on 1: laid copper at a distribution of 0.00725 eci of coaster, grrcs d, u3 pt rticulo8 do fur. The surface eupcri: uro de In coucha du tit: no r was rocouvorto with a film of polyethylene tdr6pht "l" te ('dylor Il polyester film frbriqu6o pt r: .1, Du Pont de Ne'- nours & Co.) of 0.25 rm of puncher, and los borde de Ilensenble were made impnJénblos with the chosen one by the copy of a tape.

   A layer of explosive (15 g in 6.25 bzz) was glued on the lower surface of an open box, arranged so as to be able to bend over the envelope dj! 5 layers r.it11iquú8, Lt- depth int & ri,) urù 0 the box ëttiît 8 sufficientP "'1tù for formalin' an interest: lrvo11o do 1.9 ce between the layer of explosive t lt: coucha do lit; ne, when the narrow box overturned and fixed on the necks - Metallic ches, Un ini.tir = tsur r et6 IIttt1chÓ to Iii layer of explosive at a corner of this one, after which 1t: box and been plL'c6a on the metallic layers and the oneo'bio e was ionerged donations from the ct'u. The initiator is then detonated. The conposito product obtained does not heat <5 to 550 ° C and r.1t'intonu at this temperature for 10 minutes.

   After cooling, run the iron until it is smooth, the composite product is curved from z to
 EMI28.3
 a cylindrical mandrel, No cracking or
 EMI28.4
 86prttion of layers.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 
 EMI29.1
 Example 30
 EMI29.2
 The technique of Example 29 was used to prepare a 16-layer laminate product of 15 cm x 15 cm and constituted in layers of mild steel, a spine of 0.0125 in ot dtac1r stainless steel. 'nit1que with a thickness of 0.0125 in. The explosive t Ctô resp. rti right;! Q 10 grt'mm08 prr 6.25 cm2 and an interval of 0.175 cm was minintonu between the divorced women lying down. Unu oouchâ of a thickness of 2.5 cm n dtb m: 'intûnuù ontru the explosive and In mett layer: lliquo bu- perioure.

   The laminate product obtained had uniform joints and no imperfections, nor any irregularities observed.
 EMI29.3
 



  Exonple 31
 EMI29.4
 An atrrified product is prepared, 7.5 cm by 15 ctn and formed of a layer of inlurtiniun applied to a layer of 01lo6e copper applied to a layer of soft steel, 3n using a layer of explosive. of a weight of 15 g per 6.25 c2 and by spacing the various layers of ntrlliquos of 0.01475 cm, with the aid of particles of fur mn powder of a uniform caliber. The upper surface of the aluminum layer is protected by a layer of 2.5 in. Cough ply of poly-styrene, with the edges of the entire unit protected by a rubl1n. The whole thing has been destroyed.}! 1org6 in the UN, you detach the explosive. The layers of luminiui, copper and soft recivrn come a 6pl1iBISOur
 EMI29.5
 do 0.3125, 0.15625 and 1.25 cm respectively.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 



   . example 32
A composite product measuring 10cm x 12.5cm consisted of a layer of tantalum applied to a layer
 EMI30.1
 of copper 0110-1,10mm applied to a layer of mild steel has been prepared using a protective layer of polystyrene foam and decanting the whole with water, before proceeding to detonate the explosive, as described in Example 31. The layers were spaced 0.0345 in. The thickness of the metal layers
 EMI30.2
 What was in the following: tnntf \ le: 0.025 cmr copper 0.15625 in * aeier soft: 1.25 cm.



   Example 33
The explosive composition of Example 1 was used to prepare a composite product measuring 7.5 in x 15 in and formed from a layer of applied urgency.
 EMI30.3
 on a layer of mild steel. The oxplcsif r. was used at a rate of 12.5 g by 6.25 and: 12 and the technique described dopa
 EMI30.4
 Oxygen 29 was used to form a 0.62 thick layer between the explosive layer and the silver layer. The two layers of steel and iron were separated by powdered iron particles (parti-
 EMI30.5
 cules pnssrnt through a mesh tard of 0.933 mra and retained by a ttt:

  1ie to '] [' 11108 do 0.3 r.r.1) so as to be at a distance of 0.082 i and the allungo n was carried out using a linear wave generator.



   Although the plaintiff does not wish to
 EMI30.6
 limit to any uoric, it assumes that in formation of the zona this suad4crite homogeneous bond is attributable to the "jet" action which occurs and which is shown schematically in FIG. 3. When an explosive charge is

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 Once initiated, the detonation progresses in the reetnnt of the linear charge at the detonation speed of the explosive composition.

   The pressures produced by the detonation thus act progressively on the layer of coating material, so as to push back or expel it towards the material to be coated. If the coating material layer is parallel to the metal surface to be coated. One part of the coating metal which is closest to the starting point (s) or ignition point (s) comes into contact with the surface of the metal to be coated, while other parts are either stationary or on their way to said surface ( as seen in Figure 3).

   If the conditions are suitable, a "jet" composed of surface layers of the two metals is formed, this jet being directed through the still unoccupied space between the layer of metal coating and the surface of the metal to be coated. The entire spray is put back into circulation to ensure an intimate mixing of the two metals. The removal of metallic layers from adjacent surfaces and the high pressure coalescence of a previously underlying metal produces the desired bond.



   An effective weld is not obtained when the coating of metal coating is applied to the other layer, moving generally in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the metal to be coated. Such conditions occur in the case of parallel metal layers and in the case where a layer is driven back by an explosive which is ignited, substantially simultaneously, over its entire surface, as happens when using a pinna wave generator,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 
 EMI32.1
 or when an explosive chrrgo is 1'1t'er.e at a significant diatrnce,

   or several centimeters from the raya layer.
 EMI32.2
 and that the. ust pressure, tr. nsr.1isc.t pf1r the intermediriro of a relatively dense medium, the latter therefore, the clipping effect is manifested in an almost simultaneous Pllumego over the entire surface.

   To obtain the desired result, a layer of explosive must be ignited, so that the
 EMI32.3
 detonation is propng (3 pt rnllelemont to the coating layer, It is obvious that the dimensions of the explosive layer must correspond to the dimensions of 1: Y zone in which the weld is desired, A point The essential and critical rite of the present invention lies in the use of an explosive with a detonvtian speed of not greater.) u1 ";) <at about 120% of the speed of sound in the net. ' 1 of the system whose sonic speed is 1. ". Higher, Dr ns 1.% phrase p1" 6dance, the dull "m (t'l" denotes the n6t ,, llic or 11 do rv "tr: nt which, in a given ct-o, can be either a net?

  l, 11Ú.10ntcire, that is to say a nélfngo do mdtaux ole- lacntniros, that is to say a rllinge, When the detonation speed of the explosive exceeds this limit, oblique shock waves are produced which interferes with the phenomenon.
 EMI32.4
 of jet "which is more harsh and prevent the formation of a good metal-to-metal seal.
 EMI32.5
 0: '5 where such,. As a result of this formation, pronounced side effects are often obtained, such as deformation of the plates and cracking of the tie layer.



   Although the Applicant has several times referred to the "speed of sound" and "sonic speed" of metals above, those skilled in the art will recognize

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 that these tomes have meanings though little different-
 EMI33.1
 rontoa on various circonstrncao. Thus these terms have a different meaning for the physicist, when it is a question of phenomena of solid shock waves (d.) E solidity in opposition to the phenomena of shock waves 6lMtiqu.) D.

   Li e 1m: 'nrt - rossa adopts ln prdl'l11r. meaning for the purposes of the present invuntion, The expressions "speed of sound and sonic speed", as used in this memo at
 EMI33.2
 About lethals and systems! narlliquea, relate to the speed of a plastic shock ordo which is formed when an applied stress just exceeds the elastic limit for a one-dimensional compression of the particular metal
 EMI33.3
 or of the particular system we c <'use.

   Ln value of this sonic velocity can be obtained using the following relation
V = K / d
 EMI33.4
 in which V is the sonic velocity in ctn / sec, K is the nodule of ndinbtitic charge on dynes / cm2 at 1 is lr. 'dansit6 on groamûs / cm3 The values of K can be obtained by reference to the values of the modulus of Young, E, ot of the ratio of Poisson, Y, to libido of In ral.tion 8ulvl'nteS
K = E / (l-2 y).



  The errors of d and K or E and are easy to find
 EMI33.5
 in the literature (see, for example, "1'r.'1.) rlct1n Institutes of Physics Hrmdbcokkl, McGraw-H1l1. New York, 1957).



    Sonic speed can also be obtained at
 EMI33.6
 from the published velours of the speed of the plastic shock wave, as a function of l: velocity of the particles conf6a (: U l'1Gtf! l pnr the shock wave of the mnnnnnnnnnnnnly described pnr

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 
 EMI34.1
 R, a, McQuoen and SeP, M? <Rabi lJournfil, of Applied Phya1ca "J1.



  (7), 1253 (1960).



  Dtme 108 cna where the data of the literature are not available 108 vt'l-1urs da V can Stro obtain- nuca on nffôct-wnt dJ8 musuroo,., 'On ('08 do choc do In l'! Il "n1êre dderito 1 ':' 1 "RO McQuoun and 9.p ', Mrrah (iâ ± J8ill) ait drne lea r4e: rncoa ci.t4os by Ove .'utuu'ra. Lu vt'lour V pout ouaal 5 be obtained por In r \ Jl.1til "ln V 4 / L2¯ (41)) Cs2 dune Inquollo CL 48t ln vitcsca doa ondoe de Comproaaion 61nstiquQ:! S and It is 1 {'vitcsae ù8 onda do cianillenient; ltat3cua dene iu! 1'çtnl. Los vitoesol roquiaos d.J1S ondoa élc't3tiquoe can tr \} rasur4oe l'nI "da proceeded well known, to * illustrative title, the v: 'lvu1'1' the conical vitoseo used in the present r.1 ' ::: \ olr.e for div ra f! 1tt'ux are those indicated "'[' ns lô trbla :: u next
 EMI34.2
 metvi Vi ass, e ", on", gu ", mJse.
 EMI34.3
 
<tb>



  Zinc <SEP> 3000
<tb> Copper <SEP> 4000
<tb>
 
 EMI34.4
 Mrgn 5siun 4500
 EMI34.5
 
<tb> Niobiun <SEP> 4500
<tb>
 
 EMI34.6
 : stainless steel uustÓn1tiquo 4500
 EMI34.7
 
<tb> Nickel <SEP> 4700
<tb>
 
 EMI34.8
 Tit: na 4800
 EMI34.9
 
<tb> Iron <SEP> 4600
<tb>
 
 EMI34.10
 molybdenum 1 5200
 EMI34.11
 
<tb> Aluminum <SEP> 5500
<tb>
 
 EMI34.12
 In addition to what concerns the speed of \\ St., nnt1on the: 1t \: lci'i1l''lc of the explosive used, it was not found that the latter must have a speed by dlto-
 EMI34.13
 
 EMI34.14
 Minimum nation of. ': at least 1200 meters second.

   The corsa-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 
 EMI35.1
 explosive positions that detonate at lower speeds
 EMI35.2
 at this value often do not produce the enlarged ndeissoi- rp for In function of the "jet" which question no longer hi.ut and therefore does not form pr.a uno liaison convuntblo antra los r, l6trux, dune lu son do li presented his invention.



  When showing the oxcomplos, the new soldering process is applicable to many metals, such as 1 # ,, Iunlniuril, incidr, for, titanium, nioblum, lo chroniu, cobalt, nickel, beryllium, mgneium, lu mnlybdônu, lu tungsten, lu tnnttlop le vanna- 'iu.7, lao drc'1niu :: l, silver, lo platino, copper, gold and their: Ù11'gef. 1, as well as at 1'11 t1utrG6 ndt'ux, number of this mx (.! Tint very difficult to weld one to lt I "'utr (j pir Ijs techniques h-, bitu, .llos . Chncuno rl) 5 couchas can 5 be constituted ':' 'only one.: 1- "t:, l or cl) s -1 two or more of individual sweet r.1IZt.'UX. Or b3,: n again, the couchas can% 1 "-. 1 lles-nes f ') r'3ées d .; soft or softer ci.
 EMI35.3
 individual eyes.
 EMI35.4
 



  The next process; nt the pr6s., our invention is not suitable Dùuh: i; 1ont for f;, briqu ... r Ace pr.'uit in forno of pl.'quos or of p1noa sheets. nria it is also appropriate, C () n1r.10 1 reveals uxemp10 21, to f.brick das tubes or dos nrtic1es r6aentrnt drnutros forM <JB on nrtièros difficult to weld p; .r lus tochniquos h bituolles. Dnns li! coramorcinlo practice, 1: 1 coucha du b, -so is often made up of an accessory or piece of equipment, to which the coating layer must & tro fixed * ?.

   The ductility of the opposite mf'tire is cOr;} pnr: \ b1e to glue non-welded layers ot can often: 3tro pugmontée prr a
 EMI35.5
 moderate thermal trritumont.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 
 EMI36.1
 A particularly surprising and
 EMI36.2
 r.; yt. new articles following 1. ' present invention resides in the trit that the aoudurj zone continues
 EMI36.3
 which connects the soft layers presents an honorary composition
 EMI36.4
 annoyed in all its delusion. In conventional welding procedures. In z-ne do weld consists of a series of compositions which are more or more richer one nctnl of layer In closer- and, conversely, more and more pruvro do Mt: 'l of 1:' layer If more distant The following example illustrates this aspect of the invention.
 EMI36.5
 



  Example 34 A series of 26 products formed from one layer
 EMI36.6
 da nickil reapplied on a layer 1 copper n <5t <> manufactured using the explosive from expio 1 to rnison do 5 grc'mli1es pr 6.25 csn2 and ..Jn f.'isfnt v ... r1úr the corortor.1 have between the layers of copper and nickel in amounts ranging from 0.00425 to 0.42 cm, Lut. layer of explosive set at a distance of 0.62 cm from 1 layer of ruvtamcrnt ut the inter- vr, lle between these soft layers narrowly folded of enu, according to a technique written d: ms l '. xùr.1ple 29, The metrllic layers measure 10 in by 10 oc by 0.0525 cm, Subsequent X-ray diffraction examinations carried out on a welding area rie each of the products he reviews that, in each set, a cubic structure with identical fnco country was obtained.

   The point of return obtained for the amount of soda tnit do 3.575 - 0.003 I, whatever the interval between the sessions and whatever the part of the Z5ne examined. A copper-nickel composition comprising a reed percentage of 3.575 A at its composition of 37.6% nickel and 62.4% copper in points. The composite product presented

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 
 EMI37.1
 a bare strength, lùnt of 1540 kg / cn2 ot was welded on about 95% nu mina. from the total surfnco bed the interface entered lying down. This product 11 pu 6tr, curve do 180 * on a ": Ir.ndrin d'un r'yon 6 [1, (11 nu already doubled the p 1eeeut" of the product, siinn quu 1, in r "r11'rquu a.) aCp'rntion due layer $,
 EMI37.2
 Example 35 A formed composite article, a layer of gold
 EMI37.3
 applied to a nickel layer n 6t pr4pi, r-1- as follows.



  A fouillo on or j <'a do 14 carnts measuring 75 cm x 7 # 5 cm x 0.15 cr nt, plncéo, with a "' 1Stf'pcù sensitive.) Uni- ri 'shape of 0.1125 cm, end 0 layer of support ru had 75 com on 7 # 5 or.1 in nickol with low content on cl'rbono, ctto dorniftri3 coucha t'Yi'nt un.) épdssour d J), 75 cm. Lu layer cup6ri-, ur> 'or has 4t r-3couv-rto a protective layer of a ribbon, in order to prisarvor it will bend an r.1f, rqur.go or small deflections is a layer ..Hune p:' iB50ur do 1,875 on of explosive constitua -lu 80/20 Anntol and do 0.5 do Ccb.-0.



  If n .t6 plrcdc on In on: f 'cc garnished or prtg60 with in fuillo d'or, the explosive dtnt used at a rate of 10 g per 6.25 cn2. An electric initirtour r CtC -.ttnch <5 at an edge of 16 layer of explosive and it was detonated.



  The nickel laminate product obtained by soldering "0" over 96, whereby the layers of nickel and gold are firmly soldered to each other by one or the other due to welding over of 6r of their sut'f: 'cû de contrct,' The composite product: .1ns1 obtained l1 6t ,! ln #nin <5 cold up to a (; reduction of 80 ô of its deprisaour, rprhs what it nt * .t6 annealed to a tO "1pjrl'tura do 650" C, An ex ,,. non: 4trillC does not reveal that, although the cold rolling

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 
 EMI38.1
 and smooth annealing reduced the product coverage to 0.03%, no separation of the layers occurred.

   Lo product -i 4t curved duo 1ÔO on a nu) n- 'drin whose rnyon Ctrit <* g-rïX iu double the deployer of the product in question, s., Do not know the same, irquo a 54 -partition between layers,
Example 36
The following table describes several products
 EMI38.2
 trca3.firMs or Soudas, as well as lours propriüt'u'a.
 EMI38.3
 Metl de lfi t-I t -. 1 Rcsistr.nco Cour-% de liai. remain- rovtu .u cisnil- bure * his or ment lenont joint ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯, kg / crc2
 EMI38.4
 
<tb> Stainless steel <SEP>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> dnblo <SEP> type
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 304 <SEP> copper <SEP> 1540 <SEP> 180 <SEP> 95
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Titanium
<tb>
 
 EMI38.5
 typeA55 ocior;

   2800 1250 95
 EMI38.6
 
<tb> Titanium
<tb>
<tb> typo <SEP>, 55 <SEP> copper <SEP> 1540 <SEP> 1250 <SEP> 95
<tb>
 
 EMI38.7
 Copper n1u. "1iniun type 1100-0 700 1800 95 Acior inoxy- nlur: 11niun du
 EMI38.8
 
<tb> dable <SEP> type <SEP> typo <SEP> 1100-0 <SEP> 700 <SEP> 1800 <SEP> 95
<tb> 304
<tb>
<tb> Inconol <SEP> nickel <SEP> 2450 <SEP> 180 <SEP> 95
<tb> ..ci.)! ' <SEP> inoxy-
<tb>
<tb> dable <SEP> type
<tb> 304 <SEP> nickel <SEP> 2450 <SEP> 1800 <SEP> 95
<tb> Nickel <SEP> nluniniun <SEP> 700 <SEP> 180 <SEP> 95
<tb>
 
 EMI38.9
 t Dnns every ers, the test elj curvature cloaelquo is applied, worrying about the product at a tunaion and At a compression In curvature effocturnt on a radius 1 tu doubla 1 'q'p, iaseur u product, Exunple 37 Uno sheet of 37 # 5 in on 35 in one ciï * A-'2S5 1 ain chi, ud. ! unc: .p; eisa8ur do 1,375 in n summer mcu ,:

  e ot pl, c4u on a plywood support block.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 
 EMI39.1
 



  A surft% ce of an excavation of 37p5 cm by 35 aa over 0.225 years in titanium ullinge of type 55r which comes annealed and descaled n 4td r covered with a protective tape and clamp, so that the rubt1n is directed towards the ht1ut. on the sheet on: 1st: Soft Lar, in dtnnt Maintained using 1fuoyonR Oa support at uno diattnco de Ot0'75 ca in this last dig.

   Lu surtnee rov8tue du rubnn de In excavation da titnne t 'ut 6 then r3cauv, rto COltp1t¯ùftt of an out> * cho of a point; isaeur of 1, 8' is of an exgoaif made up of 80/20 ônotol and 0.5 "" o d3 Ceb-0-311, at r ::: 18CJft (le 1001 à 13.0 grnmlolos per 6 # 25 cm2, The explosive has t4 # -lIM4 or pinching a c;: paulo detonante 41octriqu i tu centra do le layer dtoxplosit, On n oper4 du In tmn1 ... described in the previous pu- rcrîpha we use in aouvdoa una r4due m 113.1: Lt'S $ do titanium A-55 do 3? 5 cry out of 35 to eeff C4M me qui t'vnit% '. t4 pr4nlnb1emont l'Vou1to. then W * rtr4e dteai that a coucho of the support constituted <3 * uaa foaiUL 4 * 37 $ os but 35 om on lbg? $ cm in neior of the type <t3 <bzz ohuud. of which in urf, this wnit t3 ttècwrtwflrô mid depth do 06025 in and provided with d * me s <Me <t - .. 1.6a.



  '. tt.l3 of uno belt.



  We still have you pnoma do 1 emtêm * ïu * t * braz hout!) Uns t% ci ** In uut3 a rv * 1 & vaMti%. ttt 1 ......



  Qtt.t8t-à-1tr qutull4à it tst, i.tvr. ' dwre f, ï a tr1- lipge do titntte 1 ..- 55. (tut, .t'C: t ra it% *% * 6: 'ctltl3.s quoi If eoueha tiss Jt \; cc ^ .1. zie tàmillo dù 41bas en sur \ 0 62 $ n or 4tn - ... ...



  A-204 1t13.n ohtud4. 40nt ln awtm t! ".: 4. Zte" M '

 <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

 
 EMI40.1
 Dt, ne each r:! S, the products obtained have Gtl exrminated caa follows; Cn) the percentage ec binding n 6tub determined plus an ultrt-coKi.quo extimon; il $ test rGvÓlé of or less z6 of the surface. -4e 8ép ... rtion between the lying down; The shear rate has been determined from the usual 1.

   Lu rtisîstnnce or crf, .snil1ement of produced CbtonU8, ra tola # 6tnit nu mine def 3150 ka / = 2 After annealing for uliminur the IOl11citat1onl, Cl) tk 'É.;. F.i'1 ±. ". T É: $ r * .'i ", rf> U minimum of 2660 Rg! om2, c) uAni r! 1: J shorten all clY1preol.8ion (élfHs8iqu ,,) r dtd af, featu4 dma chrrquo 0 ,,, o Qn a .'- int.4innt the product .trHt'it1 'under temton nt sa coopraesianj etu-em of produced cases,. pu Sera coffré 40, 1259 ru minicnm author of a 1léti'Zr, v have: VC; p.'1i.6 .... '(' tit 1.-uf * oal> l <do 1 f lpC'1 '.WJ' of the pro-fact; strrtified, mmo quu 1 '? Ri r JlsJ' "qu8 any slF1'r'1m dA emehta. Cf) J.6a ..--: 1 $ <KKMnMttc <nf $ e <ri.J) l ",,; have 6t5 o% 60utôo
 EMI40.2
 
 EMI40.3
 mr ermem ds Pr, - * 4uitoe bzz obtwrm of the good results; ewemw "'' 'J''d'.1M 460 layer * n'c lU <MM'egir <m'4e <e & r!) it 8tr: .rtUtl tt et-C 1t! miM su hstut a: nt d J6 ..? 6, d.

   Itt ;; we undergo it uno diminu- U ':!' It depends on; 60 86pnration back lying bare of the summer '., HERE .4Wé pftt & ct4 1nntft6, cold Jeffltà present .rt: flrl': b; tWtt: 10W -1140010¯ of 22% $ tUcntM 8l9 / S'foti "n of 4 ' osa lU owores, g :)! te * 1 '' "(1}; H4. 'é! tt13A1 !! or .11ieitl !.



  ? !! <??? jiOMHM! pu s

 <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 
 EMI41.1
 1. 3 be cold formed in such a way as to form a bowl having its edges, in order to maintain a separation in the area of welding or the appearance of cracks in the product; 2. titra scid e 1'U meyon with a rubf'n on morconux saw. without lubricant or cooling agent, we m; intonrnt 1. ') product
 EMI41.2
 wheel tension;
 EMI41.3
 3. be cut at 1'n1'10 'Puna 1nr.lpe oxy-rcÉty- 1? Niqua, horsehair s: pnrr ticn back lying; ca from *. cutting: - pu Vitro offectui rY3G un (gul will suck from this 1 layer 1.;: rùv ^ 4tomont ut from the side of the 1 support layer; 4, successfully solder sims sp; rctinn layers.



  Lu proo: dl. rppliqui for r; c; n.gor 1 t intürv: llo wanted between the layers t: 'lliquos is not nearly critical, CoMte on lin already signed; 16, good r'c'eult, -, tt3 are obtained intorpoa: ant 4j r.inc.:Js pwrticles r, let: '11iquoe entered the layers.



  The interval in question for the 3s1 be obtained one fornrnt -la potitus protrusions zens 1 surf.-ce of In layer 8up, ricuro nu do small nrctuberonces to If surfreo of If lower layer, Biun ..mt .n ' : 'u, los means of the support must not be prayed will extend over t! JB zones ten'u .., 1! ",) 15 surfncos dos layers r ='. t. lliquos, if a link or a soul.-age is d4aired to coa onr "" 1t8.



  It is desirable that the materials are rotated and are free from surface ir.lpurate. When the on. fnctis not nt pis clean, it suffices to h: bitue11ynt do them nottoywr with a 14gor burner, then to rinse

 <Desc / Clms Page number 42>

 
 EMI42.1
 solvent for liIi11n,} r the il '\ purl3t8 which could prevent a l.dheronco cnnvomblo or give dos sonos one .. e.'ntoo. However, the intanaivea and complicated cleaning operations which are harmful to a tnutraa prooédda Ao knoud ,,, au na lu are not !!, do not prClc6dl according to the in-
 EMI42.2
 vention.
 EMI42.3
 



  It is not pa at atrictoment neecesniro do dia- posor of a rigid support for 1 ;! layer of bn80 dune the method will follow the invention, Copondnnti 1 :; The presence of such a support helps to avoid 1; 8 defrnotion8 in the encased form. The ec) ntraple wood, which constitutes a sntiafl "support mat, is: 'nt': t at C1'U80 because of its low cost.



  C01 "1'11Q lu reveal the oxomplos pr6c", nta, il, .mtp dens c.rt; 3ns c. s, l'V: nt * Goux do prCwir a layer to the moon m. tièra tl't1pOn or uno ri, -tibro inert, tullu that a layer of pollicul-s in pilyastor, <"a: 'u, or a ninco coucho 1, xub n cntro li coucho ituxplisir ut lu aurfnco du ce . ' 1 do r,; v: tar, 1unt, ^ end o help .rintonir a surf .'- this smooth non cnt, "nin 5u.



  Li # * # explosive layer p :: ut 3tra;, l, um4e prr a device f; r 11u3.H; i3 el. any a-3ic, pure exe "'<- * ple by an explosive c: psul!), pr un fU: 3ibl ro1, t" m "' nt, by dis son.: xpl" "s1fs, otc, L ' .m1place where Si ') finds the murcu. t (\ 11U \:' g ,; on 1- c ucho of explosive is not: critical, provided that tut - # this key no is p .. r l'llu- m: j 4n r.lhe tuips. Ainai, 1- * R / 1UrCQ -t: yi, um.go can this tr'.luv .. '!' at a blink of 1rs c; uch, 3oxpl¯sit, this ablution ct; .nt pr:, fr'c c: us ..; due 1: zn .: Siulio plus gr :: n ':! II that she pùr.1 .. t' "obtain , t. n '!. i: 5 quo catte source can usai ae find the 1: "! 1 ;; of an edge u #" U / feontro'! o 1. 'coucha ri'.: xplno1t.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 43>

 
 EMI43.1
 



  Alternatively, several sources of ignition or a linear wave generator can be used to illuminate one side of the explosive layer.



  In qurntitd rH t); yp1,., Sif used is not critical either, provided that a sufficient ch: rte is present to push back the layers at a speed ('d6qu.te to obtain the weld c sir. Ltl particular quantity and explosive charge suitable for drms chr.quc these may be .ismenx dLtcMintes, {nr the specialists,.: taking into account the type of explosive, .la 11 p: 'issour o 1: layer: tetr'llic, t: im3i quu '1 t:' utr.) S f.'ctcU: C'5. It vn s ,, i quo the use of a qu; : Excessive amount of explosive causes undesirable deformation and '1> it Gtro cvitce.



  If nn read daîr3p we can, to have 'o 1: desired quantity "1toxpl.:'sif, plrcer a layer .le rv1tú: ncnt on ch-cuno back on f: -CC5 .1 1" sample of ex - explosive. In this way, we could manufacture or produce an opùrrtion # 'uux welded or str "tif" products.:. es.


    

Claims (1)

EMI44.1 CLAIMS. EMI44.2 1.- Article u metallic object with multi-layers EMI44.3 EMI44.4 pies, ctr, et6rie4 one that he understands ru minus '' to the metallic ccu- chus sudas moon 'to 1: utr, dru m: ²1ièr to form a system' con) positu, pr une coucha c! a bond formed by a -.lli ,, ga ha: no., prGs.:ntcwt a composition 'intjr'ndirire between collas metallic layers that it EMI44.5 soda to each other. EMI44.6 2.- 4rticla or object with multiple layers, charac- terized in that it cjr.'1prnd: a nnins soft layers r.'1tlll ... ques welded one to i. x: utra du mz, nière to form a sys .. tèr.1 <J c :: positc, pr un. coucha li j5,> u, l: -ge c.nstitu4o dYun. # lllnge hOI '! 1gènc presenting an int-rnidiriro jntro those 1. ,, s. nt'Hiques layers that she sourced one from 1 Q Further, the system prlJsvntr'nt a substantially non-measurable diffusion to each interface. 3.- Article or object with multiple layers, c: 'r:' c- trie6 on ct: that it includes uu less soft layers l ': 1': t; Iliques welded 1uno, ù otter, do nrnièra to f? 1'1or a sys-. composite tine, for a layer of 6:> u1., ['0 cinstituéo for: r a flli:. age homogono an int & rpTdinire entrance; those back layers c: tcvliquos qU / o1leeour1ù one to the other, this system: 1y: 'nt a rissistrnc ru shear greater than about ji5% of the callo do 1;' layer of the lowest content metal (4, .nz; the rw nt welding system. 4.- Article on the subject, c: 'r: .ctris we had that it includes two metallic layers Helped one to l:; utr3,: the 11i.nièrû to form a composite system, prr a welding layer constituted "1 tut r'llil'go hOr.1" 'gene possudiint a composition intr'1 (: di1iro ontru those of the layers mct.' 'lli- <Desc / Clms Page number 45> EMI45.1 ques that it welds one to 1 "in addition to this 6tf'nt grinding system on more than 90% of each interface and having a bare shear strength greater than about 75% of the adhesive of the weakest metal layer of the system, nvrnt welding EMI45.2 the zone of the sudngo prGsvntnnt a diffusion noticeably not measurable in each intorfaco. 5.- article according to claim 4, charac- EMI45.3 T3ris6 a ce quo li, zona of the weld forms a continuous sonic layer. EMI45.4 6. Article according to claim 4, characterized in that the welding zone comprises distinct and periodic regions of the aforesaid homogeneous alloy. Roars which are 6c, irtdos of each other. by hard zones 113 sl ') udcge sons3, bla.: unt continuous from a mtt <:! l to otter, 7.- article according to claim 4, charac- EMI45.5 This is because a more metal couch is formed on the type 304 stainless steel and soft iron. 8.- Article according to claim 4 * cf1rc- turiad in that a metal coating is nickel and the other in ncir.r "aux. Article following the fjvjndicntion 4o charac- terizes that one metal layer is molybdenum and the other is type 304 stainless steel. EMI45.6 10.- The following article 1; Claim 4 is characterized in that one of the metal layers is copper and the skin is soft steel. 11.- Article according to claim, characterized in that one metal layer djs is titanium and the other copper. <Desc / Clms Page number 46> EMI46.1 12, <- Next article, claim 4o corne- t4r.sc "; it is that a metallic back layer is in aluminum and 1 .utra in soft Cior, 13.- Article in claim 4 in claim 4. one or that das layers mt $ tr.11iqu08 is in Hnstnlloy ,, cry 'st the other one tcior ctnux. 14.- Articlo auivrnt In claim 49 cnrnc- tt'ri8d in that a fla metallic layers is a magnesium! N ot the futru of mild steel, 15.- article Gl.LiVlnt lt. rovondic.1 tion 4. cl'roc- tu'ris6 in that a back couchas tlliquca is in titnne vt the outra in aluminum. 16, - next article In rov.) N "1cntion 4, errne- tLrlsû zon co quvune dos layers m4tplliquoa is on Inconel and the other one is file '101..1; (. 17.- Article 5uiw'nt. 1 ^ rovundiention 49 cnrrc- tured in that uno ios m layers, jt; '11iquI, l8 ost on Nichrome tit the tungsten utrJ, 18.- section s-aiw. nt In r.ivn4ici tion 4, crrnc- t.Cris6 in that a back lying tt. "lliques is in molyb- diene and 1: xutr on tungsten. i 19.- Article following the rov-indie, tinn 4, erre- t,: ris6 in that one s layers: n {t :: lliqui.ts is in nnlyb-ozene and the other one saws' them. 20.- Next article In rcvenlicrtion 4 <erre- t4ris in that one due cuchos tlliuQa is in titanium and the other in z: ci;: r. 21.- Article following rcvundicrtion 4, crrr'c-t ": ris6 in had only one of the. Layers, i4t: .lliquos this in ncier EMI46.2 stainless steel and molybdenum nutro on. <Desc / Clms Page number 47> EMI47.1 22, "According to claim 4, a metal coated back is made of titanium. EMI47.2 t the other in Inconel. EMI47.3 3. Article according to claim 4, erroneous in that one of the ntriliquos layers is one copper or the other one gold. 24. ..rticl s'livnnt 1: claim 4, erractérisû .an that the layers are JB layers pltorncntos, "., Cier inoxyd:, blo rustlnitiquo ot steel gods. 25.- Next article ". Nt the 4 ctirac- tion (risÓ a CI) that one of the nltlliquûs layers is in nrgent or the nux steel. 26.- Article according to claim 4, crrac- t4risc: we had that a back actallic layers is in nictcsi ut, y; ütr3 on copper, 27. "Pro luit 'w 1win:' g classic iL several layers ,, cf 'roct (: ris6 on co that it comprises a series of metallic layers welded one to the other from areas due to welding made up of homogeneous loils having an interesting composition between those of the EMI47.4 metallic layers that they weld one to the nutro. EMI47.5 $ 2, .- Next product lr rovândi cation 27, Cl: rac ... térisi in that it comprises three metal layers ew;: nt weld. 29. "Product according to claim 28, cnrr'c" t: ris4 is that the metal layers are sawn stainless steel-- drbla, copper and r.cier; 1'1ux. 30. "Following product In r4vand, crtian 28, cnrtlc- taris: in Cd that the metal layers are in stainless steel an aluminum and in (sky 'Ioux, <Desc / Clms Page number 48> EMI48.1 $ 31 ** Product according to claim 2 $ b characterized in that the n = tr.lliques layers are made of stainless steel, titanium and copper, 32 ..- Next product, nt 1: 1 x, av3n -9icrGion 2, erroc- t ± ris ± in that the layers': tt: ll1qu (: e are on ccier eoux, a copper and nluTiinium 33.- Next product In r'Jv'Jn'1icrtion 28. cnrrc. tÓr1.sé en quu las c,:, ucho6 r.1t: 'lliquQ6 are on tnntnlo, a copper and sawn oux. 34.- Product, according to 1. "rovl: n, .J1cr.t1on 27, cwtf- t," in that the layers are a stainless steel, mild steel, copper, soft ccior ot en: stainless steel EMI48.2 respectively. EMI48.3 35.- Articles, year 5ubattmcc, as described above hî-ut.