BE485212A - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
BE485212A
BE485212A BE485212DA BE485212A BE 485212 A BE485212 A BE 485212A BE 485212D A BE485212D A BE 485212DA BE 485212 A BE485212 A BE 485212A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
loss
low
electrodes
loss material
high frequency
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Publication date
Publication of BE485212A publication Critical patent/BE485212A/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30Electrical means
    • B29C65/32Induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81262Electrical and dielectric properties, e.g. electrical conductivity
    • B29C66/81263Dielectric properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2827/00Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as mould material
    • B29K2827/06PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

       

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   PROCEDE DE SOUDURE A HAUTE   FREQUENCE   DES MATIERES A FAIBLES PERTES   DIELECTRIQUES.   



   La présente invention se rapporte à aes méthodes et appa- reils pour le chauffage à haute fréquence, et plus particulière- ment pour le   ohaufiage   et la soudure de matières thermoplastiques ayant des pertes diélectriques relativement faibles. 



   Plusieurs matériaux ont été traités et préparés   pour   être utilisés dans les installations électroniques, ces matériaux oonservant de bonnes propriétés diélectriques aux fréquences ultra-élevées. Certains de ces matériaux offrent des propriétés de grande utilité du fait qu'ils peuvent présenter une bonne transparence, une bonne résistance et une granae durabilité, mais le travail de ces matières pour un emploi journalier ordinaire présente cependant quelques difficultés. 



   A titre d'exemple on peut citer le polyéthylène qui s'a- dapte bien à un emploi sous forme de feuilles pour la   fabrioa-   tion de sacs ou autres récipients servant à contenir des aliments. 

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 cependant la souaure de cette matière pour la formation de ces récipients présente certaines difficultés.   'application   d'un   ohaufiage   ordinaire n'est pas satisfaisante tandis que les pro- priétes diélectriques de cette matière n'ont pas jusqu'à présent permis l'emploi d'appareils commerciaux ordinaires à haute fré- quence.   j'emploi   d'éléments intermédiaires de soucure ou plas- tifiants a été trouvé préjudiciable, car ils peuvent contaniner la matière contenue par le rédpient. 



   Un des buts ae la présente invention est de prévoir une   méthoce   et des appareils par lesquels des matières de raible perte   diélectrique   peuvent être soudées ou autrement réunies par l'emploi d'appareils de chauffage à haute fréquence fonc- tionnant à des fréquences qui jusqu'à présent n'étaient pas suffisamment élevées pour obtenir ladite soudure. 



   Un autre but de l'invention est d'effectuer cette soudure sans l'emploi de substances intermédiaires ou plastifiants. 



   D'une manière générale, les buts envisagés sont réalisés dans la présente   invention   en plaçant une matière à perte rela- tivement élevée en contact aveo une matière de faible perte devant être Soudée, cette matière à perte élevée devant être chauffée au moyen d'électrodes convenables à haute fréquence, tandis qu'une pression simultanée est appliquée à la partie de la matière à faible perte qui doit être soudée.

   Ces divers points   caractéris-   tiques et d'autres points non spécialement mentionnés ioi, ainsi que la manière pour atteindre ces buts apparaîtront mieux de la description détaillée suivante d'une forme de réalisation de l'invention prise en connexion aveo le dessin ci-joint sur lequel la figure montre différents détails d'un appareil de chauffage à haute fréquence oonforme à l'invention. 



   Suivant la figure, une source d'énergie à haute fréquence est indiquée en 1, cette source étant montrée sohématiquement oomme connectée à une paire d'électrodes à haute fréquence 2 et 3. A l'exception des détails mentionnés par la suite, ces électrodes, 

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 ainsi que l'appareil à haute fréquence dans son ensemble, peu- vent être de forme et de dimensions ordinaires, les dimensions des électrodes, comme par exemple leur longueur, variant en conoordance avec les dimensions des pièces pour lesquelles elles doivent être utilisées. Cependant, suivant la présente invention, au moins une des électrodes, par exemple l'électrode 2, peut être formée d'une section élargie 4 recouverte tout d'abord d'une couohe de matière isolante à chaud 5 qui présente des caractéristiques de perte relativement faibles aux fréquences employées.

   Sur cette section est placée une autre cache de matière ayant des   oaracté-   ristiques de pertes élevées. Dans l'exemple montré, ces deux cou- ches sont attachées à l'électrodes 2 au moyen de vis de fixation 7 placées sur le côté de l'électrode qui est éloigné de l'électrode opposée 3. L'électrode 3 peut être constituée au moyen de cou- ches semblables et dans ce cas la matière devant être sondée,, oonsistant par exemple en des bords de recouvrement 8 et 9 d'une matière quelconque à faible perte, sera placée entre les reoou- vrements à perte élevée des deux électrodes opposées et en con- tact avec eux. 



   On doit comprendre que l'appareil de chauffage de la pré- sente invention est adapté pour fonctionner à de hautes fréquen- ces commerciales telles que celles utilisées actuellement et qui peuvent être produites économiquement par des appareils relati- vement simples. Par exemple, une bande de fréquences aux envi- rons de 20 mégacycles peut Être utilisée. Cependant, à ces fré- quenoes la matières à faible perte, telles que le polyéthylène, ne sont pas chauffées quand elles sont placées entre les éleotro- des.

   Par suite de la position intermédiaire des couches de ma- tières à perte élevée 6 qui sont chauffées pour les bandes de haute fréquence commercialement utilisées, une ohaleur suffisante est produite dans les matières à perte élevée à leur surface de contact aveo la matière à faible perte pour faire fondre cette dernière et produire une bonne soudure et de bon joint entre les deux bords de ladite matière. On a constaté que le chauffage 

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 direct de la matière à faible perte par la matière à perte éle- vée produit une soudure convenable entre les ceux couches de ma- tières à faible perte, mais on a aussi constaté que le chauffage de la matière à faible perte affecte d'une manière préjudiciable ses propriétés diélectriques.

   De cette manière il est très pos- sible que réchauffement de la matière à faible perte par la ma- tière à perte élevée peut aussi diminuer les propriétés diéleo- triques de la première de telle sorte que cette matière à faible perte peut être directement chauffée par le courant à haute fré- quence passant entre les deux éleotrodes. On ne sait pas si cette dernière aotion a lieu dans tous les cas, mais l'excellente qua- lité du joint obtenu suivant la présente méthode tend à confirmer cette possibilité dans certaines circonstances. 



   Le but de la couche isolante à faible perte entre les éleo- trodes et son recouvrement à perte élevée est de concentrer la chaleur sur la matière devant être isolée. Suivant l'énergie et les fréquences utilisées, ainsi que suivant la constante diélec- trique relative entre la matière à faible perte travaillée et le recouvrement à perte élevée, cette couohe isolante peut être omise d'une ou des deux électrodes. 



   En pratique, la présente invention avec les appareils oi-dessus décrits suppose qu'une ou les deux électrodes sont déplacées afin de comprimer la pièce travaillée entre-elles, et la pression ainsi appliquée est de préférence maintenue   perdent   un court espace de temps après que l'application des oourants à haute fréquence a cesse. Ceoi permet la soudure à froid sous pression et ainsi permet de réaliser un joint plus effectif. 



   Cependant la durée totale nécessaire, comprenant le main- tien de la pression après que le oourant à haute fréquence a été coupé, est jugée extrêmement courte et peut ne pas dépasser plus de 2 secondes pour une soudure complète. 



   L'interposition de la couohe isolante 5 aide au refroidis- sement rapide du reoouvrement à perte élevée 6, qui est ramené à la température normale, presque immédiatement après l'interruption 

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 du courant haute fréquence. 



   Bien qu'une forme préférée de réalisation de l'électrode à haute fréquence avec des recouvrements isolants et à perte élevée a été montrée à titre d'exemple, l'invention n'est nulle- ment limitée à cette forme particulière d'électrode, car il est clair que cette électrode avec ses oouohes additionnelles peut avoir, tout en restant conforme à l'invention, une forme conve- nable quelconque. 



   A titre d'exemple spécifique de l'invention, on peut no- ter que la couche isolante 5 peut consister en une mince feuille de papier huilé tandis que le reoouvrement à perte élevée qui fait contact aveo les   minc-es   couches de polyéthylène peut tire formé de fibrophénol. En plus du polyéthylène, la matière tra- vaillée peut comprendre d'autres matières à faible perte, telles que par exemple des polystyrènes, tandis que des expériences ont indiqué que le recouvrement a perte élevée peut être fait de chlorure de polyvynil.

   Sous son aspeot général, l'invention est applicable ?our la soudure ou la réunion de plusieurs matériaux dont les constantes diélectriques sont telles,qu' ils ne réa- gissent pas aux   finances   appliquées, tandis que d'autre part une ou plusieurs des électrodes sont   reoouvertes   d'une matière ayant une perte plus élevée que la matière devant être Boudée, les propriétés diélectriques de cette matière à perte élevée réa- gissant aux fréquences appliquées.

   Il est aussi nécessaire qu'il n'y ait auoune compatibilité entre le reoouvrement à perte élevée et la pièce travaillée à faible perte de manière que les deux matières ne collent pas ensemble quand la seconde est chauffée par la première. bien qu'on ait déorit ci-dessus les principes de l'inven- tion en connexion avec des appareils bien spécifies et conformé- ment à certaines mpthodes, il est évident que cette description est simplement donnée à titre d'exemple et ne limite en aucune façon la portée de l'invention.



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   HIGH FREQUENCY WELDING PROCESS OF MATERIALS WITH LOW DIELECTRIC LOSSES.



   The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for high frequency heating, and more particularly for heating and welding thermoplastic materials having relatively low dielectric losses.



   Several materials have been processed and prepared for use in electronic installations, these materials retaining good dielectric properties at ultra-high frequencies. Some of these materials offer properties of great utility in that they can exhibit good transparency, strength and durability, but working these materials for ordinary day-to-day use presents some difficulties, however.



   By way of example, there may be mentioned polyethylene which adapts well to use in the form of sheets for the manufacture of bags or other containers used to contain food.

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 however, the sealing of this material for the formation of these containers presents certain difficulties. The application of ordinary heating is not satisfactory while the dielectric properties of this material have heretofore not permitted the use of ordinary commercial high frequency devices. The use of intermediates of care or plasticizers has been found to be detrimental, as they can contaminate the material contained by the redraft.



   One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus by which materials of low dielectric loss can be welded or otherwise joined by the use of high frequency heaters operating at frequencies up to. now were not high enough to achieve said weld.



   Another object of the invention is to carry out this welding without the use of intermediates or plasticizers.



   In general, the contemplated objects are achieved in the present invention by placing a relatively high loss material in contact with a low loss material to be welded, which high loss material to be heated by means of electrodes. suitable at high frequency, while simultaneous pressure is applied to the part of the low loss material which is to be welded.

   These various characteristic points and other points not especially mentioned, as well as the manner of achieving these objects will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an embodiment of the invention taken in connection with the accompanying drawing. in which the figure shows various details of a high frequency heating apparatus oonforme to the invention.



   According to the figure, a high frequency energy source is indicated at 1, this source being shown sohematically as connected to a pair of high frequency electrodes 2 and 3. With the exception of the details mentioned below, these electrodes ,

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 as well as the high frequency apparatus as a whole, may be of ordinary shape and dimensions, the dimensions of the electrodes, such as for example their length, varying in accordance with the dimensions of the parts for which they are to be used. However, according to the present invention, at least one of the electrodes, for example the electrode 2, can be formed of an enlarged section 4 covered firstly with a layer of heat insulating material 5 which exhibits loss characteristics. relatively low at the frequencies used.

   On this section is placed another cache of material having high loss characteristics. In the example shown, these two layers are attached to the electrodes 2 by means of fixing screws 7 placed on the side of the electrode which is remote from the opposite electrode 3. The electrode 3 can be made by means of similar layers and in this case the material to be probed, consisting of, for example, overlap edges 8 and 9 of any low loss material, will be placed between the high loss overlays of the two opposite electrodes and in contact with them.



   It should be understood that the heater of the present invention is adapted to operate at high commercial frequencies such as those in use today and which can be economically produced by relatively simple appliances. For example, a frequency band of about 20 megacycles can be used. However, at these frequencies low loss materials, such as polyethylene, are not heated when placed between the electrodes.

   As a result of the intermediate position of the high loss material layers 6 which are heated for the commercially used high frequency bands, sufficient heat is produced in the high loss materials at their contact surface with the low loss material. to melt the latter and produce a good weld and good seal between the two edges of said material. It was found that the heating

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 direct from the low-loss material to the high-loss material produces a suitable weld between those layers of low-loss materials, but heating of the low-loss material has also been found to affect in a way detrimental its dielectric properties.

   In this way it is very possible that heating of the low loss material by the high loss material can also decrease the dielectric properties of the raw material so that this low loss material can be directly heated by. the high frequency current flowing between the two eleotrodes. It is not known whether this latter action takes place in all cases, but the excellent quality of the seal obtained by the present method tends to confirm this possibility in certain circumstances.



   The purpose of the low loss insulating layer between the electrodes and its high loss cover is to concentrate heat on the material to be insulated. Depending on the energy and frequencies used, as well as the relative dielectric constant between the low-loss material worked and the high-loss cover, this insulating layer may be omitted from one or both electrodes.



   In practice, the present invention with the apparatuses described above assumes that one or both electrodes are moved in order to compress the workpiece between them, and the pressure thus applied is preferably maintained lose a short time after that. the application of high frequency currents has ceased. Ceoi allows cold welding under pressure and thus allows a more effective seal.



   However, the total time required, including maintaining pressure after the high frequency current has been turned off, is considered extremely short and may not exceed more than 2 seconds for a complete weld.



   The interposition of the insulating layer 5 assists in the rapid cooling of the high loss reopening 6, which is brought back to normal temperature almost immediately after the interruption.

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 high frequency current.



   Although a preferred embodiment of the high frequency electrode with insulating and high loss covers has been shown by way of example, the invention is by no means limited to this particular form of electrode, because it is clear that this electrode with its additional oouohes can have, while remaining in accordance with the invention, any suitable shape.



   As a specific example of the invention, it may be noted that the insulating layer 5 may consist of a thin sheet of oiled paper while the high loss reopening which contacts the thin polyethylene layers may draw. formed from fibrophenol. In addition to polyethylene, the material worked may include other low loss materials, such as, for example, polystyrenes, while experiments have indicated that the high loss coating can be made from polyvinyl chloride.

   Under its general aspect, the invention is applicable for the welding or the joining of several materials whose dielectric constants are such that they do not react to the applied finances, while on the other hand one or more of the electrodes are reopened from a material having a higher loss than the material to be stripped, the dielectric properties of this high loss material reacting at the applied frequencies.

   It is also necessary that there be no compatibility between the high loss reopening and the low loss workpiece so that the two materials do not stick together when the second is heated by the first. although the principles of the invention have been described above in connection with well-specified apparatus and in accordance with certain methods, it is evident that this description is given merely by way of example and does not limit in in any way the scope of the invention.


    

Claims (1)

RESUME L'invention se rapporte à des méthodes et appareils pour le chauffage à haute rréquence et la soudure de matières thermo- plastiques ayant des pertes diélectriques relativement faibles. ABSTRACT The invention relates to methods and apparatus for high frequency heating and welding of thermoplastic materials having relatively low dielectric losses. L'invention est caractérisée par les faits suivants pris ensem- ble ou séparément : 1) Appareillage à haute fréquence pour la soudure de ma- tières thermoplastiques ayant une perte diélectrique relativement faible, comprenant une paire d'électrodes entre lesquelles ladite matière est placée, et une matière ayant une perte diélectrique relativement élevée en contact avec ladite matière à faible perte et placée entre les électrodes, de telle sorte que le chauffage de la matière à perte élevée par les électrodes produit le chauf- fage et la s oudure de la matière à faibleperte. The invention is characterized by the following facts taken together or separately: 1) High frequency apparatus for welding thermoplastic materials having relatively low dielectric loss, comprising a pair of electrodes between which said material is placed, and a material having relatively high dielectric loss in contact with said low material. loss and placed between the electrodes, such that heating of the high loss material by the electrodes produces heating and searing of the low loss material. 2) Appareillage dans lequel la matière à perte élevée est attachée à et soutenue par une on deux des électrodes et est en contact avec une ou deux des surfaces opposées de la matière à faiblee perte. 2) Apparatus in which the high loss material is attached to and supported by one or two of the electrodes and is in contact with one or two of the opposing surfaces of the low loss material. 3) Appareillage dans lequel on a prévu une couche de ma- tière isolante pour la ohaleur et à faible perte, placée entre une on les deux couches de matière à perte élevée d'une part et l'électrode correspondante d'autre part. 3) Apparatus in which there is provided a layer of low loss heat insulating material placed between one or the two layers of high loss material on the one hand and the corresponding electrode on the other hand. 4) Appareillage dans lequel une on deux des électrodes peuvent 8tre déplacées dans la direction de la matière à faible perte destinée à être soudée, afin de comprimer la matière à faible perte. 4) Apparatus in which one or two of the electrodes can be moved in the direction of the low loss material to be welded, in order to compress the low loss material. 5) Méthode pour souder une matière à perte relativement faible, comprenant un chauffage à haute fréquence d'une matière à perte relativement élevée en contact avec la matière à faible perte. 5) A method for welding a relatively low loss material, comprising high frequency heating of a relatively high loss material in contact with the low loss material.
BE485212D BE485212A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2607437A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-03 Nissho Kk PROCESS FOR WELDING A THERMOPLASTIC RESIN WITH LOW DIELECTRIC LOSSES WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY WELDING APPARATUS
EP0392103A1 (en) * 1987-07-31 1990-10-17 Plastics Welding Technology, Inc. Method of bonding thermoplastic material using radio frequency energy
EP0546502A2 (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-06-16 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Apparatus and method for radio frequency sealing thermoplastic films together
CH683954A5 (en) * 1993-04-17 1994-06-15 Industrieorientierte Forsch Sealing seaming - uses reusable eddy current layer carrier between HF pad and sealing material for dissipation of the HF
EP0945247A2 (en) * 1998-03-25 1999-09-29 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Sealing of polyolefin-based resin, and sealed article of the resin

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2607437A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-03 Nissho Kk PROCESS FOR WELDING A THERMOPLASTIC RESIN WITH LOW DIELECTRIC LOSSES WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY WELDING APPARATUS
EP0392103A1 (en) * 1987-07-31 1990-10-17 Plastics Welding Technology, Inc. Method of bonding thermoplastic material using radio frequency energy
EP0546502A2 (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-06-16 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Apparatus and method for radio frequency sealing thermoplastic films together
EP0546502A3 (en) * 1991-12-09 1994-03-02 Grace W R & Co
US5427645A (en) * 1991-12-09 1995-06-27 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Apparatus and method for radio frequency sealing thermoplastic films together
CH683954A5 (en) * 1993-04-17 1994-06-15 Industrieorientierte Forsch Sealing seaming - uses reusable eddy current layer carrier between HF pad and sealing material for dissipation of the HF
EP0945247A2 (en) * 1998-03-25 1999-09-29 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Sealing of polyolefin-based resin, and sealed article of the resin
EP0945247A3 (en) * 1998-03-25 2001-04-11 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Sealing of polyolefin-based resin, and sealed article of the resin

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