BE415705A - - Google Patents

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Publication number
BE415705A
BE415705A BE415705DA BE415705A BE 415705 A BE415705 A BE 415705A BE 415705D A BE415705D A BE 415705DA BE 415705 A BE415705 A BE 415705A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
wing
stabilizers
flight
desc
median
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Publication of BE415705A publication Critical patent/BE415705A/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/02Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow by use of slot, ducts, porous areas or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/06Boundary layer controls by explicitly adjusting fluid flow, e.g. by using valves, variable aperture or slot areas, variable pump action or variable fluid pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/20Boundary layer controls by passively inducing fluid flow, e.g. by means of a pressure difference between both ends of a slot or duct
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10Drag reduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  " Surface portante arrondie à dispositifs hypersustenteurs et empennages de stabilité totale pour appareils de petite et moyenne aviation ". 



   Les qualités de vol des ailes rondes, d'allongement 1,27, ont été mises en évidence par Zimmerman du N. A. C. A. Américain. 



   Elles peuvent être complétées par l'adjonction   d'une   fente au bord d'attaque et par'une autre fente médiane, en arrière du longeron principal de l'aile, au voisinage du centre de poussée, la première devant agir en connexion avec le   -gouvernail   de profondeur, et l'autre intervenant pour l'en- vol et le retour au sol. 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 



   D'autre part, dans les surfaces portantes ordinaires, un empennage fixe, placé à distance convenable au-dessus du bord de fuite, a une notable influence stabilisatrice qui a aussi été étudiée au N.A.C.A. où l'on nomme aileron Z.A.P. cet empennage . partant de ces données, une aile arrondie, dont l'allongement varie par addition d'une partie médiane rectangulaire, mais reste néanmoins voisin de 1,27, est sectionnée à l'arrière par l'enlèvement d'un segment dont la flèche, de longueur convenable, laisse un bord de fuite rectiligne M N, au-dessus duquel se placent les empennages de stabilité A, al, a2. ceux-ci se composent de trois parties :

   une fixe A, cor-   resondant   aux empennages fixes ou semi-fixes des gouvernails de profondeur ordinaires, et deux autres al, a2, mobiles, qui sont des ailerons simples, ou compensés en a1 et a'2, pour agir comme stabilisateurs d'altitude ou gouvernail de profondeur, en fonctionnant parallèlement, et comme stabilisateurs latéraux lorsqu'ils se meuvent inversement; leurs extrémités compensées, laminant alternativement les filets fluides au bord extérieur de l'aile qu'il s'agit d'abaisser ou de relever, y sont   d'une   grande efficacité. 



   Bien que l'aile ronde- ou arrondie- augmente sa portanoe aux grands angles, jusqutà 45  pour la première, et que le décollement du fluide à l'extrados ne se produise qu'au delà de cette limite, la partie médiane, dans la forme arrondie, peut y étre exposée plus rapidement et la sustentation en souffrir. pour y obvier, le bec avant B, intéressant le tiers environ de l'envergure, y donnera un effet de fente comme ltindique le spectre, fig. 1. et facilitera le relèvement de l' aile, en complétant l'action stabilisatrice des ailerons al et a2 marchant parallèlement; sa manoeuvre se conjuguera, dans ce cas, avec celle des ailerons al, a2. Quant à la fente médiane 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 3> 

 F, fermée en vol, elle augmentera la sustentation à l'envol et au retour au sol, qui seront courts, et possible sur des es- paces réduits.

   Elle se place entre les fortes nervures laté- rales, et légèrement en arrière du longeron principal, l'os- sature de ltaile étant renforcée par un longeron complémen- taire encadrant   la 'fente,   fig. II. 



   Le gouvernail de direction G, compensé ou non, se loge entre les ailerons al et a2.   Il -   prolonge vers   l'avantun   empennage fixe E E, de dérive, lequel, dans le " parasol " monoplacereprésenté par les figures II, III et IV, réunit, à l'intrados, la carlingue à ia surface portante et, à l'extra- dos, sert de support médian aux axes des deux ailerons al et a2,   soutenus.d'autre   part aux extrémités des nervures princi- pales, renforcées et houbannées à cette fin. 



   Les figures II, III et IV montrent en plan, coupe et face, un appareil monoplace nommé   Il Parasol   " en raison de sa forme. Cette moto aérienne,qui est la résultante des données exposées ci-avant, doit, sous un encombrement minimum et une grande simplicité de construction, permettre un vol aisé, éco- semble-t-il, nomique et sur, conditions que ne réalise encore, aucun appa- reil de petite aviation. 



   REVENDICATIONS. 



   1 . Appareil d'aviation caractérisé par la forme de la surface portante arrondie, avec un allongement légèrement su- périeur à   1,27,   parce que pourvue d'un bord de fuite recti- ligne M N, obtenu par l'addition d'une surface médiane et 1' enlèvement du segment postérieur.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  "Rounded airfoil with high lift devices and total stability stabilizers for small and medium aviation aircraft".



   The flight qualities of round wings, aspect ratio 1.27, were demonstrated by Zimmerman of the N. A. C. A. American.



   They can be supplemented by the addition of a slot at the leading edge and by another median slot, behind the main spar of the wing, in the vicinity of the center of thrust, the first to act in connection with the - elevator rudder, and the other intervening for the in- flight and the return to the ground.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 



   On the other hand, in ordinary airfoils, a fixed tail, placed at a suitable distance above the trailing edge, has a notable stabilizing influence which has also been studied at the N.A.C.A. where we call aileron Z.A.P. this tail. on the basis of these data, a rounded wing, whose aspect ratio varies by adding a rectangular median part, but nevertheless remains close to 1.27, is sectioned at the rear by removing a segment whose arrow, of suitable length, leaves a straight trailing edge MN, above which are placed the stabilizers A, al, a2. these consist of three parts:

   one fixed A, cor- responding to the fixed or semi-fixed stabilizers of ordinary elevators, and two other al, a2, movable, which are single ailerons, or compensated in a1 and a'2, to act as stabilizers of altitude or rudder, working in parallel, and as lateral stabilizers when moving in reverse; their compensated ends, alternately rolling the fluid threads at the outer edge of the wing which it is a question of lowering or raising, are of great efficiency there.



   Although the round- or rounded- wing increases its portanoe at large angles, up to 45 for the first, and that the separation of the fluid at the upper surface only occurs beyond this limit, the median part, in the rounded shape, can be exposed to it more quickly and the lift suffers. to obviate this, the front beak B, covering about a third of the wingspan, will give it a slit effect as shown in the spectrum, fig. 1. and will facilitate the lifting of the wing, complementing the stabilizing action of ailerons a1 and a2 walking in parallel; its maneuver will be combined, in this case, with that of the ailerons a1, a2. As for the median slit

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 F, closed in flight, it will increase lift-off and return to the ground, which will be short, and possible in reduced spaces.

   It is placed between the strong lateral ribs, and slightly behind the main spar, the frame of the tail being reinforced by a complementary spar framing the slot, fig. II.



   The rudder G, trimmed or not, is housed between the ailerons a1 and a2. It - extends forward a fixed tail unit EE, fin, which, in the single-seater "parasol" represented by figures II, III and IV, brings together, on the intrados, the cabin with the airfoil and, on the extra - back, serves as a median support for the axes of the two ailerons a1 and a2, supported. on the other hand at the ends of the main ribs, reinforced and lined for this purpose.



   Figures II, III and IV show in plan, section and face, a single-seater aircraft named Il Parasol "because of its shape. This aerial motorcycle, which is the result of the data exposed above, must, under a minimum bulk and a great simplicity of construction, allow an easy flight, it seems, economical and safe, conditions that no small aviation device yet achieves.



   CLAIMS.



   1. Aircraft characterized by the shape of the rounded airfoil, with an elongation slightly greater than 1.27, because it is provided with a straight trailing edge MN, obtained by the addition of a median surface and removal of the posterior segment.


    

Claims (1)

2 . Appareil selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par la disposition, sur cette aile, d'un bec avant B, mobile, in- téressant le tiers environ du bord d'attaque, pour éviter le décollement du fluide à l'extrados, par une manoeuvre indépen- dante ou conjuguée avec celle des ailerons stabilisateurs, et <Desc/Clms Page number 4> pelle d'une fente médiané F, fermée en vol, mais dont l'ouverture est commandée par le pilote pour l'hypersustentation, à l'envol et dans la descente. 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized by the arrangement, on this wing, of a movable front nozzle B, involving about one third of the leading edge, to prevent the fluid from separating from the upper surface, by an independent maneuver. - dante or combined with that of the stabilizer fins, and <Desc / Clms Page number 4> shovel with a median slot F, closed in flight, but the opening of which is controlled by the pilot for over-lift, on take-off and in descent. 3 . Appareil selon les revendications 1 et 2,caractérisé par la position et forme des stabilisateurs A, al et a2, au-dessus et à distance convenable du bord de faite. 3. Apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the position and shape of the stabilizers A, a1 and a2, above and at a suitable distance from the ridge edge. 4 . L'appareil comme décrit ci-avant, et représenté aux dessins annexés, qui en figurent l'application à une aviette monoplace, les dimensions et formes indiquées pouvant néanmoins varier légèrement. 4. The apparatus as described above, and shown in the accompanying drawings, which show its application to a single-seater plate, the dimensions and shapes indicated may nevertheless vary slightly.
BE415705D BE415705A (en)

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