BE1030845B1 - DC switching device with integrated interruption mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a DC voltage switching device (100) for coupling a DC voltage load (200) to a DC voltage source (4) via a positive conductor (8) and/or negative conductor (10), wherein the DC voltage switching device has a housing or is at least partially surrounded by a housing. At least one first switching element (101), in particular a semiconductor-based, electronically controllable switching element, is contained within the housing and is integrated into the positive conductor (8) and/or the negative conductor (10) for coupling and uncoupling the DC voltage load (200). The direct voltage device is characterized in that the housing has at least two housing parts (100-1, 100-2) which are mechanically coupled to one another and can be moved relative to one another, wherein in a first position of these two housing parts which can be moved relative to one another, the housing is closed and in a second position of the housing parts which can be moved relative to one another, the housing is opened and at least one of the positive and negative conductors (8, 10) is interrupted due to the second position.

Description

DC switching device with integrated interruption mechanism

Description

The invention relates to a DC switching device for coupling a

DC load via a positive conductor and/or negative conductor to a

DC voltage source.

For coupling a DC load, i.e. in particular a

To electrically couple or connect a DC load to a DC voltage source, but also to electrically decouple the DC load, a DC switching device is usually used. In this case, both a

Positive conductor and/or a negative conductor, via which the DC load is connected to the

DC voltage source is coupled through the DC switching device. Within the scope of the invention, the DC load does not have to be a single load, but can also be made up of a group of DC loads or be designed as a DC network with a large number of DC loads operated via it. In practical implementation, the

The positive conductor and the negative conductor are each conveniently connected between an input terminal of the DC switching device and an output terminal of the

DC switching device. The two conductors are therefore initially connected to a DC voltage source, e.g. a

DC bus, electrically connected and further, in particular via the two

Output terminals of the DC switching device must be electrically connected to the DC load to be connected to the DC voltage. For electrical

For switching on and off, i.e. for coupling and decoupling, the DC voltage load, the DC voltage switching device comprises at least one first switching element. A controllable semiconductor switching element is often used for this purpose, which is integrated in the positive conductor that runs between the DC voltage source and the DC voltage load (or, in a practical embodiment, in particular between the respective input connection and output connection of the DC voltage switching device for the positive conductor) and/or in the negative conductor that runs equally between the DC voltage source and the DC voltage load (or, in a practical embodiment, in particular between the respective input connection and output connection of the DC voltage switching device for the negative conductor). Furthermore, additional, practical

In this embodiment, at least one further switching element, in particular an electromechanical switching element, may be provided in the positive conductor and/or in the negative conductor. If the semiconductor switching element is switched to conducting and each of the at least one further switching element provided in the positive conductor and/or in the negative conductor is in a closed state, a current flows between the direct voltage source and the

DC load. This current flow can be particularly caused by switching off or

Opening of the first switching element, in particular the semiconductor switching element, can be prevented or interrupted.

In practical terms, such a generic

DC switching device conventionally has a housing in which its electronic and/or electrical components are at least partially accommodated, i.e. at least the first switching element. As is known, such a housing forms

Protection against external influences, i.e. in particular mechanical and other

environmental influences, but also protection for the environment including people from potential impairment and damage caused by these components, e.g. the housing must in particular protect people from accidental contact with the enclosed device.

In particular, if the housing is to be designed to be maintenance-friendly, for example to replace individual components, these are often subject to strict safety requirements with regard to protection for the environment, including:

Persons.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a generic DC switching device which, in particular with a housing accessible for maintenance and in particular in a simple and cost-effective manner, offers further improved, highly effective protection for the environment including people.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a DC switching device with the

Features according to claim 1. Appropriate embodiments or

Further developments are the subject of the claims dependent on claim 1.

Accordingly, in a DC switching device which is used to couple a DC load via a positive conductor and/or negative conductor to a

DC voltage source, and which has a housing or is at least partially surrounded by a housing, within which at least a first

Switching element, in particular a semiconductor-based, electronically controllable

Switching element and is integrated in the positive conductor and/or the negative conductor for coupling and uncoupling the DC load, according to the invention, that the housing has at least two housing parts which are mechanically coupled to one another and can be moved relative to one another, wherein in a first position of these two housing parts which can be moved relative to one another, the housing is closed and in a second position of the housing parts which can be moved relative to one another, the

Housing is opened and at least one of the positive and negative conductors is interrupted due to the second position.

The DC switching device is therefore equipped with an integrated

Interruption mechanism designed which is functionally arranged by means of or due to the relative positions of two movable housing parts either to effect a closed housing or to interrupt at least one of the positive and negative conductors in an open housing.

In other words, the integrated interruption mechanism is designed in such a way that the possibility of electrical connection, i.e. coupling of the

DC load also through at least the first switching element when open

Housing is no longer possible or is effectively prevented. When the housing is opened, the DC load is always in an electrically switched off, i.e. uncoupled, state.

The invention will be described in more detail below using some preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The drawings show:

Figure 1 shows a simplified first preferred embodiment of a

DC switching device according to the invention with partially broken housing in closed state,

Figure 2 is a highly simplified sketch of the embodiment according to Fig. 1 with the housing opened,

Figure 3: highly simplified a second preferred embodiment of a

DC switching device according to the invention with partially broken housing in closed state,

Figure 4 is a highly simplified sketch of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 with the housing opened, and

Figure 5: highly simplified circuit diagram of another preferred

Embodiment of a DC switching device according to the invention.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings using preferred embodiments.

Figures 1 and 3 show a highly simplified first and second

Embodiment of a DC switching device 100 according to the invention with partially broken housing in closed state. Figure 5 shows a highly simplified circuit diagram of another preferred embodiment of a

DC switching device 100 according to the invention.

In detail, Figs. 1, 3 and 5 each show a DC switching device 100 which is designed to couple a DC load 200 via a positive conductor 8 and/or negative conductor 10 to a DC voltage source 4. The positive conductor 8 and the negative conductor 10 are expediently connected by the

DC voltage switching device 100. By means of the DC voltage switching device 100, a DC voltage branch 2 is set up between the DC voltage source 4 and the DC voltage load 200. The positive and negative conductors 8, 10 can also be arranged on a circuit board, i.e. in particular can be designed as conductor tracks.

As shown in the figures, the DC switching device 100 has a housing made up of at least two housing parts 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 or is at least partially surrounded by such a housing. In Fig. 1, the housing is therefore made up of the at least two housing parts 100-1, 100-2 and in Fig. 3, for example, of the three housing parts 100-1, 100-2 and 100-3. In the

In Fig. 5, the dashed line S represents the transition or “border” between two

Housing parts 100-1 and 100-2 of the DC switching device 100 are indicated.

Within the respective housing, as further shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, at least one first switching element 101, expediently a semiconductor-based, electronically controllable switching element, is included, i.e. contained, and integrated into the positive conductor 8 and/or the negative conductor 10 for coupling and decoupling the DC voltage load 200. In Fig. 1, only one first switching element 101 is integrated into the positive conductor 8 and in Figs. 3 and 5 into the negative conductor 10.

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 1, 3 and 5, in the positive conductor 8 and/or in the

At least one fuse 103 can be integrated in the negative conductor 10. Such a fuse is integrated in particular at least in the conductor in which no first switching element 101 is integrated. Accordingly, in Fig. 1 a fuse 103, in particular a

A fuse is integrated in the negative conductor 10 and in Figs. 3 and 5 in the positive conductor 8, which is additionally marked with SI in Fig. 5. Such a fuse 103 is expediently replaceable and is therefore conveniently arranged so that it is accessible from outside the housing when the housing is open, so that it can be easily replaced, particularly in the event of "destruction".

The switching element 101 is therefore used in particular for the operational switching of the

DC switching device 100, but can, in particular, be used as a controllable

Semiconductor switching element and additionally marked with HS in Fig. 5, can also be used for earth fault protection for the conductor in which it is integrated.

Even in the event of an earth fault, the fault location can be separated from the rest of the

The network must be switched off very quickly, preferably within a few us, so that the current to be switched off does not become too high. The first switching element can thus

Conductors in which this is integrated can be conveniently switched off in a few us and thus the DC voltage source can be separated from the fault location before the current becomes too high. In practical implementation, a semiconductor-based, electronically controllable switching element, e.g. designed as a MOSFET (“metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor”) or IGBT (“Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor”), is particularly suitable as the first switching element 101 for quickly decoupling the DC voltage load 200 from the DC voltage source 4. On the other hand, fuses with sufficient

Short-circuit strength is available so that the conductor in which a fuse 103 is integrated can be separated sufficiently quickly. If both the positive and negative poles have a voltage compared to earth potential, which would result in a very large fault current in the event of an earth fault, the

DC switching device according to the invention expediently has the possibility of safely disconnecting both in the positive branch and in the negative branch even in the event of such a fault.

The DC switching devices according to the invention are characterized in that the housing has at least two housing parts that are mechanically coupled to one another and can be moved relative to one another, i.e. according to the embodiments according to

Figs. 1, 3 and 5 at least two of the housing parts 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 are designed as housing parts that are mechanically coupled to one another and movable relative to one another.

These at least two of the housing parts 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 are further mechanically coupled to one another and arranged to be movable relative to one another in such a way that in a first position of these housing parts movable relative to one another, the housing is closed (see, for example, Figs. 1 and 3) and in a second position of the housing parts movable relative to one another, the housing is opened and at least one of the

Plus and minus conductors 8, 10 are interrupted due to the second position. Such a second position is shown in particular in Figs. 2 and 4, which each show the embodiment according to Figs. 1 and 3 in a highly simplified manner, but with the housing open and only in outline. In particular, the electrical and electronic components already discussed above in relation to Figs. 1 and 3 have been largely omitted in these sketches for reasons of clarity.

However, it can be seen in particular that an uninterrupted line routing as shown in Fig. 1 between the DC voltage source 4, starting at the DC voltage branch 2 up to the DC voltage load 200, i.e. including the conductor 8 via the component designated 111, 112 and/or the conductor 10 via the fuse 103 and the component designated 111, 112, is interrupted in a second position as shown in Fig. 2 due to this second position and is therefore impossible. Accordingly, an uninterrupted line routing as shown in Fig. 3 between the DC voltage source 4, starting at the DC voltage branch 2 up to the DC voltage load 200, i.e. including the conductor 10 via the component designated 111, 112 and/or the conductor 8 via the fuse 103 and the component designated 111, 112, is interrupted in a second position as shown in Fig. 4 due to this second position and is therefore impossible.

By means of or due to the relative positions of the at least two movable

Housing parts 110-1 and 100-2 consequently form the DC switching device with an integrated interruption mechanism which is functionally configured either to effect a closed housing, i.e. in the first position, or to interrupt at least one of the positive and negative conductors in an open housing, i.e. in the second position.

This integrated interrupt mechanism is thus set up in such a way that the

Possibility of electrical connection, i.e. coupling of the

DC load 200 also by the at least first switching element 101 with the housing open in the second position of the relatively movable

Housing parts 100-1 and 100-2 are no longer possible or are effectively prevented. When the housing is open, the DC voltage load 200 is always in the electrically switched off, i.e. uncoupled, state. In particular, in the open position, the DC voltage load 200 is not only electrically but also galvanically decoupled from the DC voltage source 4, in practical implementation expediently both in relation to the positive conductor 8 and the negative conductor 10.

In order to interrupt at least one of the positive and negative conductors, two complementary electrical contact elements 111 and 112 are expediently arranged on the two housing parts 100-1 and 100-2 that can be moved relative to one another, which are in mutual electrical contact when the housing is closed and are electrically and galvanically separated from one another when the housing is open.

In particular, the arrangement designated 111, 112 in Figs. 1, 3 and 5 comprises

Component a first electrical contact element 111, e.g. a contact plug, on one of the two housing parts 100-1 and 100-2 that can be moved relative to one another and a second electrical contact element 112 that is complementary thereto, e.g. a

Contact socket, on the other of the two relatively movable housing parts 100-1 and 100-2, as can be seen schematically in particular in Figs. 2 and 4.

This means that the components designated 111, 112 in Figs. 1 to 5 comprise, in practical implementation, two complementary electrical

Contact elements 111 and 112, to which the positive conductor 8 and the negative conductor 10 are electrically connected.

Alternatively or additionally, as can be seen schematically in particular in Fig. 1 to 4, it can also be expediently provided that each conductor of the two positive and negative terminals that is interrupted when the housing is opened

Negative conductor 8, 10 is guided through the housing and within a first 100-1 or 100-2 of the two relatively movable housing parts at a respective first

Contact element 111 of the complementarily designed electrical contact elements is electrically connected and is electrically connected within the second 100-1 or 100-2 of the two housing parts movable relative to one another to a respective second contact element 112 of the complementarily designed electrical contact elements, wherein the respective first electrical contact element and the respective second electrical

Contact elements are in mutual electrical contact when the housing is closed and are electrically and galvanically separated from each other when the housing is open.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one signal generator 114 is additionally included, which is arranged and configured to signal an opening movement in response to the movement of the two housing parts movable relative to one another from the first position towards the second position.

As a result, when the housing is opened, i.e. before the housing is fully opened, the signal contact 114 is in advance of the contact elements 111, 112 in the

If the positive and/or negative conductor path 8, 10 is opened, a signal output or received by the signal contact 114, which thus in particular

Opening movement signals, can be used to open the first switching element 101 in particular. This ensures that the subsequent

Opening the contacts in the power path Contact elements 111, 112 in the plus and/or

Negative conductor path 8, 10 no arc is created.

For this purpose, the DC voltage switching device can in particular have an evaluation device 118 connected to the signal generator 114 and the first switching element 101, which is used to control at least the first switching element 101 for decoupling the

DC load in response to a signal from the signal generator 114

Opening movement is set up. Preferred control paths of such an evaluation device 118 are shown in dashed lines in Figs. 1, 3 and 5.

As can be seen in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, a second switching element 106, in particular an electromechanical switching element, in particular a

Relay contact, for coupling and decoupling the DC load 200, in particular in the housing, which is in one of the plus and

Minus conductor 8, 10 is integrated. As can be seen in the figures, however, a third switching element 106, in particular an electromechanical

Switching element, in particular a relay contact, for coupling and uncoupling the

DC load 200 is housed, in particular, in the housing which is integrated in the other of the positive and negative conductors 8, 10.

It is also advantageous if, in such a case, the evaluation device 118 is also connected to the second switching element 106 or also to the third switching element 106. By opening the signal generator 114 in advance, the

The signal signaling the opening movement can therefore also be used not only to initially open the first switching element 101, but also, in addition or alternatively, to initially open the second and, if necessary, the third switching element 106. This can also ensure that during the subsequent

Opening the contacts in the power path Contact elements 111, 112 in the plus and/or

Negative conductor path 8, 10 no arc is created.

In order to move the at least two housing parts 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 that can be moved relative to one another from the first position into the second position and vice versa, it is therefore also expedient to include an actuating mechanism 115a, 115b, 115c that is arranged and configured accordingly for this purpose, in particular that can be operated manually.

Based on the design variants outlined in the figures, the

Actuating mechanism for manual operation, for example a

Manual actuator 115a, which is mechanically coupled to the at least two housing parts 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 that can move relative to one another via suitably arranged bearings 115b. As an alternative to the arrangement outlined in the figures,

Design of a manual operator, such or similar manual operator can however also be connected in another way to the at least two relatively movable

Housing parts 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 are mechanically coupled or the

The actuating mechanism can also be designed differently, e.g. electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic. In addition, in an appropriate design, the actuating mechanism can also be designed to have suitable

Bearings 115c may be included so that they can move between the first position and the second position relative to each other without opening the

housing without having to be completely physically separated from each other.

The evaluation device 118 can furthermore be used to evaluate a detected current flow, with a sensor 116, which is expediently designed at least for detecting the current flow of the

conductor in which the first switching element 101 is integrated. In Fig. 5, such a sensor 116 has, according to an expedient design, a sensor element arranged in series with the first switching element 101 for detecting the current flow of this conductor. The sensor element detecting this current flow is additionally marked with "CS". In a practical embodiment, the evaluation device 118 can thus also be set up to compare the detected current flow with a threshold value and to activate the at least one switching element 101. For this purpose, the evaluation device 118 can have, for example, an analog circuit, a discrete circuit or preferably also a uC (microcontroller). If, depending on the design and/or area of application, the current flow exceeds or falls below a threshold value, in particular a previously defined threshold value, then expediently at least initially the first

Switching element 101 for decoupling the load 200 from the source 4 is activated accordingly, i.e. in particular switched off.

Consequently, if a second and optionally a third switching element 106 is additionally included for coupling and decoupling the DC voltage load 200, this can also additionally bring about a galvanic decoupling of the load 200 from the source 4, in particular equally by means of the evaluation device 118.

For this purpose, the second and third switching elements 106 can therefore also be used

Relay contacts are also marked with K1 or K2 in Fig. 5. However, such relay contacts are not suitable for rapid switching off, as the time until disconnection is in the ms range.

Consequently, if the current flow detected and evaluated by the evaluation device 118 exceeds a predetermined critical value, then, depending on the value exceeded and the special design, the first switching element 101 or, in addition, the second and third switching elements 106 can be switched off by the

Evaluation device 118 is switched off and thus the DC voltage branch is electrically or galvanically decoupled from the DC voltage source 4. Furthermore, by switching off the second and third switching elements 106, the current flow in both directions is prevented, whereas when only the first

Switching element 101 prevents the current flow only in one current flow direction.

The second and third switching elements 106 thus always ensure a safe galvanic separation of the DC output from the DC input. The evaluation device 118 is also preferably designed to switch off at least the first

Switching element 101 when a predetermined threshold value is exceeded

Current flow rate of change, current amplitude and/or current direction must be taken into account. In other words, alternatively or in addition to the

Current amplitude also the current flow rate of change and/or the

Current direction is compared with a threshold value and when it is passed to the

Switching off the first switching element (101). It is advisable to

Evaluation against a threshold value, in particular in addition to a comparison of the

Current amplitude also includes a comparison of the rate of change of current flow and/or the current direction and leads to shutdown when the threshold value is exceeded.

In an expedient further development, the evaluation device 118 further comprises a signal output or a communication interface, namely for outputting 119 a signal when the threshold value is exceeded and/or when the

threshold is not exceeded, but the detected current flow has a greater value than a second threshold that is smaller in magnitude than the threshold. Thus, by comparing with a

Threshold value can be used to take into account, for example, tolerable current changes, fluctuations and/or losses when operating the DC load in a variety of flexible ways.

Evaluation device 118 is further not only designed and arranged to

Decoupling the DC voltage load 200 or the entire DC voltage branch 2 electrically or additionally galvanically from the DC voltage source 4 by means of corresponding activation commands to the first switching element 101 or the further

Switching elements 106, i.e. to switch them off, but also to electrically and/or galvanically couple the DC load 200 or the entire DC branch 2 to the DC source 4 by means of corresponding activation commands to the switching element or the switching elements, i.e. to switch them on. In particular, a command to the

Evaluation device 118 for effecting the switching on based thereon can, according to an expedient embodiment, also be controlled by the evaluation device 118, for example, via a communication interface as described above or via another

input interface, in particular a digital input.

With a device as described above in various versions

DC switching device, it is therefore also possible to implement a switching system in which the positive conductor 8 and the negative conductor 10 are connected to the DC voltage source 4 at an input IN+, IN- of the DC switching device 100 and at an output OUT+, OUT- of the

DC switching device 100 via the positive conductor 8 and the negative conductor 10

DC voltage branch can be connected and disconnected with the DC voltage load 200 (cf.

Fig. 5). As a rule, the DC voltage of the DC voltage source 4 is usually taken from a three-phase AC network with L1, L2, L3 by means of a

Rectification GR is generated, whereby the rectification is active with a

Power electronic circuit or passively with diodes.

Even if not shown in the figures, in a further development, an electromechanical switching element can optionally also be connected in parallel to the first switching element 101 and can be set up to assume a closed state in the coupled state of the first switching element 101. By means of such a design, a power loss can be reduced by the further electromechanical switching element arranged in parallel to the first switching element 101 if the first switching element 101 is in an electrically conductive state when this further electromechanical switching element arranged in parallel is closed.

In particular, by connecting the further electromechanical switch, conduction losses of the first switching element 101 can also be reduced when the latter is in an electrically conductive state.

In view of the description here, the DC load does not have to be a single load, but can consist of a group of

DC loads or be designed as a DC network with a large number of DC loads operating over it.

In summary, it can be stated that the invention proposes an additional separating function or an additional interruption mechanism. This is particularly advantageous if, for example,

Relay contacts meet the normative requirements for a DC switching device, i.e.

Generally speaking, the requirements of a circuit breaker are not met. At least two parts of a device housing are designed to be movable relative to one another and are mechanically coupled to one another, so that in a first position there is a closed housing position and in a second position an open housing position. At least two of these movable housing parts each contain electrical contact elements that are designed to be complementary to one another, so that in the closed housing state the electrical contact elements are also closed and a current flow from the

Device input to device output is basically possible. In the open

In the housing state, the electrical contact elements are also open and a

Current flow is therefore no longer possible, as the device input is

Device output is electrically and galvanically separated by the opened contact elements. In addition to these contact elements in the plus and/or minus branch, it is advisable to have at least one further signal contact or signal generator, which leads the electrical contact elements in the plus and/or minus branch during the opening process. By opening the signal contact or signal generator, the control can be initiated early, in particular the individual and flexible

Disconnection of switching elements contained in the DC device, in particular one or more semiconductor switches and/or relay contacts. This ensures that during the opening process the electrical disconnection takes place before the electrical contact elements in the positive and/or negative branch open, thus avoiding an arc.

List of reference symbols 2 DC voltage branch 4 DC voltage source 8 Positive conductor 10 Negative conductor 100 DC voltage switching device 100-1, 100-2, 100-3 Housing parts of the DC voltage switching device 101 First switching element 103 Fuse 106 Second, third switching element

111, 112 electrical contact elements 114 signal generator 1154, 115b, 115c actuating mechanism 116 sensor 118 evaluation device 119 output of signal output or communication interface 200 DC load

S Transition or boundary between two housing parts of the

DC switching device

Claims (10)

Patent claims 1. DC voltage switching device (100) for coupling a DC voltage load (200) via a positive conductor (8) and/or negative conductor (10) to a DC voltage source (4), wherein the DC voltage switching device has a housing or is at least partially surrounded by a housing and wherein within the housing - at least one first switching element (101), in particular a semiconductor-based, electronically controllable switching element, is included and is integrated into the positive conductor (8) and/or the negative conductor (10) for coupling and uncoupling the DC voltage load (200), - characterized in that the housing has at least two housing parts (100-1, 100-2) which are mechanically coupled to one another and can be moved relative to one another, wherein in a first position of these two housing parts which can be moved relative to one another the housing is closed and in a second position of the housing parts which can be moved relative to one another the housing is opened and at least one of the positive and negative conductors (8, 10) is interrupted due to the second position. 2. DC voltage switching device according to claim 1, - in which, for interrupting at least one of the positive and negative conductors, complementary electrical contact elements (111, 112) are arranged on the two housing parts (100, 100a) which are movable relative to one another, which are in mutual electrical contact when the housing is closed and are electrically and galvanically separated from one another when the housing is open, and/or - in which each conductor of the two positive and negative conductors (8, 10) which is interrupted when the housing is open is guided through the housing (100, 100a) and, within a first of the two housing parts (100-2) which are movable relative to one another, the complementary electrical contact elements are electrically connected to a respective first contact element (111) of the complementary electrical contact elements and, within the second of the two housing parts (100-1) which are movable relative to one another, the complementary electrical contact elements are electrically connected to a respective second contact element (112), wherein the respective first electrical contact element and the respective second electrical contact element are electrically and galvanically separated from one another when the housing is open. When the housing is closed they are in mutual electrical contact and when the housing is open they are electrically and galvanically separated from each other. 3. DC voltage switching device according to one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising at least one signal generator (114) which is arranged and configured to signal an opening movement in response to the movement of the two housing parts movable relative to one another from the first position towards the second position. 4. DC voltage switching device according to claim 3, which further comprises an evaluation device (118) connected to the signal generator (114) and the first switching element (101), which is configured to control at least the first switching element (101) to decouple the DC voltage load in response to an opening movement signaled by the signal generator (114). 5. DC voltage switching device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a second switching element (106), in particular an electromechanical switching element, for coupling and decoupling the DC voltage load (200) is accommodated, in particular is accommodated in the housing, wherein the second switching element (106) is integrated in one of the positive and negative conductors (8, 10). 6. DC voltage switching device according to claim 5, wherein a third switching element (106), in particular an electromechanical switching element, for coupling and decoupling the DC voltage load (200) is accommodated, in particular is accommodated in the housing which is integrated in the other of the positive and negative conductors (8, 10). 7. DC voltage switching device according to claim 4 and 5, wherein the evaluation device (118) is also connected to the second switching element (106). 8. DC switching device according to claim 4 and 6, wherein the evaluation device (118) is also connected to the third switching element (106). 9. DC voltage switching device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a fuse (103) is integrated in the positive conductor (8) and/or in the negative conductor (10), in particular at least in the conductor in which the first switching element (101) is not integrated, which fuse is arranged in particular integrated within the housing and is exchangeable and accessible from outside the housing when the housing is open. 10. DC voltage switching device according to one of claims 1 to 9, - in which an actuating mechanism (115a, 115b, 115c) is included, which is arranged and set up, in particular is manually operable, for moving the two housing parts (100-1, 100-2) movable relative to one another from the first position into the second position and vice versa, and/or in which an electromechanical switching element is connected parallel to the first switching element (101) and set up to assume a closed state in the coupled state of the first switching element.