EP1964140B1 - Load isolation circuit for the deenergized connection and isolation of electrical contacts - Google Patents
Load isolation circuit for the deenergized connection and isolation of electrical contacts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1964140B1 EP1964140B1 EP06793300A EP06793300A EP1964140B1 EP 1964140 B1 EP1964140 B1 EP 1964140B1 EP 06793300 A EP06793300 A EP 06793300A EP 06793300 A EP06793300 A EP 06793300A EP 1964140 B1 EP1964140 B1 EP 1964140B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- switching element
- semiconductor switching
- switch
- electrical
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a load-disconnecting circuit, which comprises a plug connection with at least one electrical contact for the currentless connection and disconnection of an electrical device and a DC power source, wherein a semiconductor switching element is arranged in series with the at least one electrical contact.
- a load disconnecting circuit which comprises a semiconductor switch arranged with a relay switch in series with a load and a power supply.
- the DE 198 38 492 A1 describes a connector assembly for connecting a power source to a consumer, wherein between the power source and consumer, a switching device is arranged, the control current is also connected via the connector.
- the contacts for the main circuits accelerate, while the contacts for the control current lag, so that the main circuits are already closed before the control circuit is turned on. This prevents current flow in the main circuits when connecting or disconnecting the main circuit contacts.
- this arrangement is not suitable because the losses occurring at the transistor circuit deteriorate the efficiency.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a comparison with the prior art improved solution for separating and connecting an electrical contact.
- a load-disconnect circuit of the type mentioned in which a switch is arranged parallel to the semiconductor switching element, which comprises a main contact and an auxiliary contact, wherein the main contact and the auxiliary contact are coupled in such a way that the switching state of the auxiliary contact before a closing and after opening the main contact changes and wherein a controller is provided which turns on the semiconductor switching element in response to the switching state of the auxiliary contact before closing the main contact and switches off after opening the main contact.
- the power is completely turned off during a connecting or disconnecting operation of the electrical contact, so that arcing is securely prevented.
- the main contact is switched without power, which extends the life of the switch considerably.
- the load current flows through the semiconductor switching element only during the connection or disconnection process, this time being determined by the delay between the switching times of the auxiliary contact and the main contact. This delay time results from the design of the switch, the operation of which can be done either manually or electromagnetically via a relay.
- the switching position of the auxiliary contact is polled by the controller and leads to switching on and off of the semiconductor switching element.
- the load current flows exclusively via the main contact of the switch, because the electrical resistance of the semiconductor switching element, which is arranged parallel thereto and continues to be switched on, is greater. Accordingly, there are no undesirable losses on the semiconductor switching element, which in addition only has to be dimensioned so large that it withstands the load current during the delay time between the switching times of the auxiliary contact and the main contact plus a safety value.
- the invention provides that the at least one electrical contact is secured by a mechanical locking device and that the mechanical locking device is coupled to the switch in such a way that a separation of the at least one electrical contact is possible only after the opening of the main contact and that Connecting the at least one electrical contact is possible only when the main contact is open. This will prevent people from performing the join or disconnect operation incorrectly.
- the contact of a relay is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element, and the coil of the relay is connected to the controller, so that the contact of the relay is closed before switching on the semiconductor switching element and opened after switching off the semiconductor switching element.
- the current is safely switched off by the galvanic isolation.
- the operation of the relay takes place by means of control in a connection operation before switching on the semiconductor switching element and in a separation process after switching off the power semiconductor.
- a contact element of the main contact and a contact element of the auxiliary contact are coupled to an actuating element of the switch.
- the contact elements can be arranged fixed or movable relative to each other, resulting in the switching path of the actuating element, the delay times between the switching times of the main contact and the auxiliary contact.
- the switch can be designed so that the actuating element of the switch shields the at least one electrical contact with the main contact closed and / or fixed and so the electrical contact can not be disconnected or connected.
- the at least one electrical contact is conveniently formed as a plug and / or screw in the manner and held by the actuator of the switch, that a separation of the contact is prevented by a train on a cable connected to the contact.
- a resistor is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element. This resistance acts in addition to the electrical resistance of the semiconductor switching element and prevents current flows through the semiconductor switching element when the main contact is closed.
- an electrical fuse is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element.
- This fuse is designed as a slow fuse that only triggers when the load current flows longer than the time provided for switching off the semiconductor switching element delay time.
- a diode is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element. As a result, the blocking diode prevents current flowing to an electrical device in the case of a current source connected with reversed poles.
- the load disconnect circuit according to the invention is advantageously suitable for systems in which the DC power source is designed as a DC generator, in particular as a photovoltaic generator and the electrical device as an inverter.
- the DC power source is designed as a DC generator, in particular as a photovoltaic generator and the electrical device as an inverter.
- Such systems require a solution for load separation without arcing when exposed to sunlight illuminated solar panels must be disconnected from the inverter.
- a high degree of efficiency is required for economical operation of photovoltaic systems. This is ensured by the intended for continuous operation contacting the main contact, whose electrical resistance is much lower than that of the semiconductor switch.
- FIG. 1 a possible circuit variant for a load-disconnecting circuit according to the invention for connecting a photovoltaic generator 9 to an inverter 10 is shown.
- the electrical contacts 1 are connected in such a way that the positive pole are connected directly to the inverter 10 and the negative pole to the inverter 10 via the elements of the load-disconnecting circuit.
- the elements of the load disconnecting circuit form a switch 3 with a main contact 4 and an auxiliary contact 5 coupled thereto and a semiconductor switching element 2 arranged parallel thereto.
- a resistor 7 and an electrical fuse 8 can be arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element 2, a resistor 7 and an electrical fuse 8 can be arranged.
- a controller 6 is provided which reads out the switching state of the auxiliary contact 5 via a control circuit.
- the switch 3 may for example be designed so that the main contact 4 acts as a make contact and the auxiliary contact 5 as an opener. When the main contact 4 is fully open, the auxiliary contact 5 is then closed, as in FIG FIG. 1 shown. Upon actuation of the switch 3 opens the auxiliary contact 5 and after a delay time resulting from the switching path of the switch 3, the main contact closes 4.
- the control circuit with the auxiliary contact 5 is then, for example, switched so that when open auxiliary contact 5, a control voltage U K is applied to the controller 6.
- the gate voltage U G of the semiconductor switching element 2 is applied, which is designed for example as an N-channel MOSFET with freewheeling diode.
- a voltage U T is applied to the semiconductor switching element 2.
- FIG. 2 the same circuit with actuated switch 3 is shown.
- the switch 3 is in a middle position, in which the auxiliary contact 5 is already open, but the main contact 4 is not yet closed.
- the current then passes through the semiconductor switching element 2, which is switched on from the opening time of the auxiliary contact 5.
- the main contact 4 closes, as in FIG. 3 shown. Due to the comparison with the semiconductor switching element 2 lower electrical resistance of the current now runs exclusively on this closed main contact. 4 Thus the condition of the continuous operation is reached. The semiconductor switching element 2 remains switched on during this time.
- the switch 3 In the case of a separation of the photovoltaic generator 9 from the inverter 10, the switch 3 must first be actuated again before the electrical contacts 1 can be released. Compliance with this condition can be achieved either by a clear marking or advantageously by a corresponding mechanical safety device, for example by the shielding and fixing of the electrical contacts 1 by means of an actuating element of the switch 3. As in FIG. 4 shown, so the switch 3 is first operated. The main contact 4 opens and during the switching time are thus both contacts 4, 5 of the switch 3 open. The load current commutates from the load-free open main contact 4 to the still switched semiconductor switching element 2. The load-free opening of the main contact while the formation of an arc is excluded.
- the controller 6 Upon further actuation of the switch 3 closes the auxiliary contact 5, as in FIG. 5 shown. Thereafter, the controller 6 turns off the semiconductor switching element 2. Depending on the design of the switch 3, the shutdown of the semiconductor switching element 2 can also be done in other ways. If, for example, the auxiliary contact 5 is formed as a changeover switch (dotted lines), the controller 6 can be given a time period after which the semiconductor switching element 2 is switched off when the changeover switch is actuated.
- FIG. 6 the load-disconnecting circuit is shown with switched off semiconductor switching element 2, in which now the electrical contacts 1 can be disconnected without arcing without current.
- load-separation circuit is formed with additional protection elements.
- a diode D is provided as polarity reversal protection.
- a relay 11 is arranged in the manner for electrical isolation, that the coil is connected to the controller 6. Of the two contacts of the relay 11, one is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element 2 and one in the connecting line of the positive pole of the photovoltaic generator 9 and the inverter 10. Depending on the safety requirements, a relay 11 with only one contact can also be provided. The operation of the relay 11 is effected by means of control 6 in a connection operation before switching on the semiconductor switching element 2 and in a separation process after switching off the semiconductor switching element. 2
- FIG. 8 the course of the currents and voltages during a connection operation of electrical contacts 1 is shown.
- the main contact 4 of the switch 3 is open and the semiconductor switching element 2 is turned off, as in FIG. 1 shown.
- the auxiliary contact 5 of the switch 3 is closed, so that no control voltage U K and no gate voltage U G are present.
- the first step of the connection process consists in the currentless connection of the electrical contacts 1. During the connection time a, the voltage U T at the semiconductor switching element 2 increases. It then elapses a period of time b until the switch 3 is actuated.
- the auxiliary contact 5 opens first and the control voltage U K builds up on the control 6, which is switched by the controller 6 as a gate voltage U G to the semiconductor switching element 2.
- the semiconductor switching element 2 is turned on and it begins to flow a current I T , while the voltage U T on the semiconductor switching element 2 goes to zero.
- the delay time c which is defined by the switching path of the switch 3, elapses.
- the current I T through the semiconductor switching element 2 decreases and the current I S through the main contact 4 of the switch 3 increases until the load current flows only through the main contact 4.
- the steady state condition is reached.
- a separation process of the electrical contacts 1 is initiated with the actuation of the switch 3.
- the corresponding curves of the currents and voltages are in FIG. 9 shown.
- the main contact 4 of the switch 3 opens.
- the current I S through the main contact 4 decreases during an opening time e and the current I T through the semiconductor switching element 2 increases until the load current only flows through the semiconductor switching element 2.
- the auxiliary contact 5 closes and the control voltage U K decreases to zero. This begins to run a dead time g, after the expiration of the gate voltage U G is switched off by means of control 6.
- the dead time g is set so that an in-series with the semiconductor switching element 2 arranged sluggish electrical fuse 8 does not trigger. Only when the load current longer than the dead time g, for example due to a Naturallegierens of the semiconductor switching element 2, flows through the electrical fuse 8, triggers this and interrupts the flow of current.
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- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Lasttrennschaltung, welche zum stromlosen Verbinden und Trennen einer elektrischen Einrichtung und einer Gleichstromquelle eine Steckverbindung mit wenigstens einem elektrischen Kontakt umfasst, wobei in Reihe mit dem wenigstens einen elektrischen Kontakt ein Halbleiterschaltelement angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a load-disconnecting circuit, which comprises a plug connection with at least one electrical contact for the currentless connection and disconnection of an electrical device and a DC power source, wherein a semiconductor switching element is arranged in series with the at least one electrical contact.
Bei elektrischen Verbindungen von insbesondere Gleichstromquellen mit sonstigen elektrischen Einrichtungen kann es bei einer Trennung eines Kontaktes unter Last zur Bildung eines Lichtbogens kommen. Dabei treten häufig Beschädigungen der Kontaktelemente auf bis hin zum Verschweißen des Kontakts. Für elektrische Kontakte, die unter Last trennbar sein sollen, sieht man daher in der Regel eine Überdimensionierung vor, wodurch mögliche Beschädigungen der Kontaktelemente durch die Lichtbogenbildung gemindert werden. Die Gefahr für Personen bleibt jedoch bestehen.In electrical connections of particular DC power sources with other electrical equipment, it may occur at a separation of a contact under load to form an arc. In this case, often occur damage to the contact elements up to the welding of the contact. For electrical contacts, which are to be separable under load, it is therefore usually an over-dimensioning, whereby possible damage to the contact elements are reduced by the arcing. The danger for persons remains however.
Es sind deshalb verschiedene Systeme bekannt, um elektrische Kontakte vor einem Verbinden oder Trennen stromlos zu schalten. So beschreibt etwa die
Aus der
Die
Eine andere Möglichkeit, eine Stromquelle unter Last von einer elektrischen Einrichtung zu trennen beschreibt die
Für eine ordnungsgemäße Funktion ist eine genaue Abstimmung der Taktfrequenz des Halbleiterelements mit dem möglichen Zeitablauf während eines Aussteckvorgangs erforderlich. Zudem wird durch die gepulste Ansteuerung des Halbleiterelements ein entstehender Lichtbogen immer wieder gelöscht, jedoch nicht gänzlich vermieden. Der Kontakt ist also nicht stromlos, wodurch weiterhin eine Gefahr für Personen besteht.For a proper function is a precise tuning of the clock frequency of the semiconductor element with the possible Time required during a removal process. In addition, due to the pulsed activation of the semiconductor element, a developing arc is always erased, but not completely avoided. The contact is thus not de-energized, which continues to pose a risk to persons.
Der Erfindung liegt demnach die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verbesserte Lösung zum Trennen und Verbinden eines elektrischen Kontakts anzugeben.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a comparison with the prior art improved solution for separating and connecting an electrical contact.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Lasttrennschaltung der eingangs genannten Art, bei der parallel zu dem Halbleiterschaltelement ein Schalter angeordnet ist, welcher einen Hauptkontakt und einen Hilfskontakt umfasst, wobei der Hauptkontakt und der Hilfskontakt in einer Weise gekoppelt sind, dass sich der Schaltzustand des Hilfskontakts vor einem Schließen und nach einem Öffnen des Hauptkontakts ändert und wobei eine Steuerung vorgesehen ist, welche das Halbleiterschaltelement in Abhängigkeit des Schaltzustandes des Hilfskontaktes vor einem Schließen des Hauptkontaktes einschaltet und nach einem Öffnen des Hauptkontaktes ausschaltet.This object is achieved by a load-disconnect circuit of the type mentioned, in which a switch is arranged parallel to the semiconductor switching element, which comprises a main contact and an auxiliary contact, wherein the main contact and the auxiliary contact are coupled in such a way that the switching state of the auxiliary contact before a closing and after opening the main contact changes and wherein a controller is provided which turns on the semiconductor switching element in response to the switching state of the auxiliary contact before closing the main contact and switches off after opening the main contact.
Durch diese Schaltung wird der Strom während eines Verbindungs- oder Trennvorganges des elektrischen Kontakts zur Gänze abgeschaltet, so dass eine Lichtbogenbildung sicher verhindert wird. Zudem wird der Hauptkontakt ohne Leistung geschaltet, wodurch die Lebensdauer des Schalters erheblich verlängert wird. Dabei fließt der Laststrom nur während des Verbindungs- oder Trennvorganges durch das Halbleiterschaltelement, wobei diese Zeitspanne durch die Verzögerung zwischen den Schaltzeitpunkten des Hilfskontakts und des Hauptkontakts bestimmt wird. Diese Verzögerungszeit ergibt sich durch die Bauform des Schalters, dessen Betätigung entweder manuell oder elektromagnetisch über ein Relais erfolgen kann. Die Schaltstellung des Hilfskontakts wird von der Steuerung abgefragt und führt zum Ein- bzw. Ausschalten des Halbleiterschaltelements.By this circuit, the power is completely turned off during a connecting or disconnecting operation of the electrical contact, so that arcing is securely prevented. In addition, the main contact is switched without power, which extends the life of the switch considerably. In this case, the load current flows through the semiconductor switching element only during the connection or disconnection process, this time being determined by the delay between the switching times of the auxiliary contact and the main contact. This delay time results from the design of the switch, the operation of which can be done either manually or electromagnetically via a relay. The switching position of the auxiliary contact is polled by the controller and leads to switching on and off of the semiconductor switching element.
Bei verbundenem elektrischen Kontakt und eingeschaltetem Schalter fließt der Laststrom ausschließlich über den Hauptkontakt des Schalters, weil der elektrische Widerstand des parallel dazu angeordneten, weiterhin eingeschalteten Halbleiterschaltelements größer ist. Es ergeben sich demnach keine unerwünschten Verluste am Halbleiterschaltelement, welches zudem nur so groß dimensioniert werden muss, dass es dem Laststrom während der Verzögerungszeit zwischen den Schaltzeitpunkten des Hilfskontakts und des Hauptkontakts zuzüglich eines Sicherheitswertes standhält.When the electrical contact is connected and the switch is switched on, the load current flows exclusively via the main contact of the switch, because the electrical resistance of the semiconductor switching element, which is arranged parallel thereto and continues to be switched on, is greater. Accordingly, there are no undesirable losses on the semiconductor switching element, which in addition only has to be dimensioned so large that it withstands the load current during the delay time between the switching times of the auxiliary contact and the main contact plus a safety value.
Weiters ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der wenigstens eine elektrische Kontakt durch eine mechanische Sperrvorrichtung gesichert ist und dass die mechanische Sperrvorrichtung in der Weise mit dem Schalter gekoppelt ist, dass ein Trennen des wenigstens einen elektrischen Kontakts nur nach dem Öffnen des Hauptkontakts möglich ist und dass ein Verbinden des wenigstens einen elektrischen Kontakts nur bei geöffnetem Hauptkontakt möglich ist. Personen können auf diese Weise daran gehindert werden, den Verbindungs- bzw. Trennvorgang falsch auszuführen.Furthermore, the invention provides that the at least one electrical contact is secured by a mechanical locking device and that the mechanical locking device is coupled to the switch in such a way that a separation of the at least one electrical contact is possible only after the opening of the main contact and that Connecting the at least one electrical contact is possible only when the main contact is open. This will prevent people from performing the join or disconnect operation incorrectly.
Zudem ist erfindungsgemäß in Reihe mit dem Halbleiterschaltelement der Kontakt eines Relais angeordnet und die Spule des Relais ist mit der Steuerung verbunden, sodass der Kontakt des Relais vor einem Einschalten des Halbleiterschaltelements geschlossen und nach einem Ausschalten des Halbleiterschaltelements geöffnet wird. Dabei ist durch die galvanische Trennung der Strom sicher abgeschaltet. Die Betätigung des Relais erfolgt dabei mittels Steuerung bei einem Verbindungsvorgang vor dem Einschalten des Halbleiterschaltelements und bei einem Trennvorgang nach dem Abschalten des Leistungshalbleiters.In addition, according to the invention, the contact of a relay is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element, and the coil of the relay is connected to the controller, so that the contact of the relay is closed before switching on the semiconductor switching element and opened after switching off the semiconductor switching element. The current is safely switched off by the galvanic isolation. The operation of the relay takes place by means of control in a connection operation before switching on the semiconductor switching element and in a separation process after switching off the power semiconductor.
Für die Ausbildung des Hauptkontakts und des Hilfskontakts in einem Schalter ist es vorteilhaft, wenn ein Kontaktelement des Hauptkontakts und ein Kontaktelement des Hilfskontakts mit einem Betätigungselement des Schalters gekoppelt sind. Die Kontaktelemente können dabei relativ zueinander fest oder beweglich angeordnet sein, wobei sich aus dem Schaltweg des Betätigungselements die Verzögerungszeiten zwischen den Schaltzeitpunkten des Hauptkontakts und des Hilfskontakts ergeben.For the formation of the main contact and the auxiliary contact in a switch, it is advantageous if a contact element of the main contact and a contact element of the auxiliary contact are coupled to an actuating element of the switch. The contact elements can be arranged fixed or movable relative to each other, resulting in the switching path of the actuating element, the delay times between the switching times of the main contact and the auxiliary contact.
Als mechanische Sperrvorrichtung zur Sicherung des wenigstens einen elektrischen Kontakts kann dann beispielsweise der Schalter so ausgeführt sein, dass das Betätigungselement des Schalters den wenigstens einen elektrischen Kontakt bei geschlossenem Hauptkontakt abschirmt und/oder fixiert und so der elektrische Kontakt nicht getrennt oder verbunden werden kann. Der wenigstens eine elektrische Kontakt ist dabei günstigerweise als Steck- und/oder Schraubverbindung in der Weise ausgebildet und durch das Betätigungselement des Schalters gehalten, dass ein Trennen des Kontakts durch einen Zug an einem mit dem Kontakt verbunden Kabel verhindert wird.As a mechanical locking device for securing the at least one electrical contact then, for example, the switch can be designed so that the actuating element of the switch shields the at least one electrical contact with the main contact closed and / or fixed and so the electrical contact can not be disconnected or connected. The at least one electrical contact is conveniently formed as a plug and / or screw in the manner and held by the actuator of the switch, that a separation of the contact is prevented by a train on a cable connected to the contact.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn in Reihe mit dem Halbleiterschaltelement ein Widerstand angeordnet ist. Dieser Widerstand wirkt zusätzlich zum elektrischen Widerstand des Halbleiterschaltelements und verhindert, dass bei geschlossenem Hauptkontakt Strom durch das Halbleiterschaltelement fließt.It is advantageous if a resistor is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element. This resistance acts in addition to the electrical resistance of the semiconductor switching element and prevents current flows through the semiconductor switching element when the main contact is closed.
Um bei einem Ausfall (z.B. Durchlegieren) des Halbleiterschaltelements zu verhindern, dass durch den zu trennenden elektrische Kontakt weiterhin Strom fließt, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn in Reihe mit dem Halbleiterschaltelement eine elektrische Sicherung angeordnet ist. Diese Sicherung ist dabei als träge Sicherung ausgebildet, die erst auslöst, wenn der Laststrom länger als die bis zur Abschaltung des Halbleiterschaltelements vorgesehene Verzögerungszeit fließt. Als Verpolschutz ist es zudem vorteilhaft, wenn in Reihe mit dem Halbleiterschaltelement eine Diode angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird mit der sperrenden Diode verhindert, dass bei einer mit vertauschten Polen angeschlossenen Stromquelle an eine elektrische Einrichtung Strom fließt.In order to prevent a failure (eg, alloying out) of the semiconductor switching element that continues to flow through the electrical contact to be separated current, it is advantageous if an electrical fuse is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element. This fuse is designed as a slow fuse that only triggers when the load current flows longer than the time provided for switching off the semiconductor switching element delay time. As polarity reversal protection, it is also advantageous if a diode is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element. As a result, the blocking diode prevents current flowing to an electrical device in the case of a current source connected with reversed poles.
Aufgrund der geringen Verluste bei verbundenem elektrischen Kontakt und geschlossenem Hauptkontakt ist die erfindungsgemäße Lasttrennschaltung vorteilhafterweise für Anlagen geeignet, bei der die Gleichstromquelle als Gleichstromgenerator, insbesondere als Photovoltaikgenerator und die elektrische Einrichtung als Wechselrichter ausgebildet ist. Derartige Anlagen erfordern eine Lösung für die Lasttrennung ohne Lichtbogenbildung, wenn von Sonnenlicht beschienene Solarpaneele vom Wechselrichter getrennt werden müssen. Zudem ist für ein wirtschaftliches Betreiben von Photovoltaikanlagen ein hoher Wirkungsgrad gefordert. Das wird durch die für den Dauerbetrieb vorgesehene Kontaktierung über den Hauptkontakt gewährleistet, dessen elektrischer Widerstand weitaus geringer als der des Halbleiterschalters ist.Due to the low losses in connected electrical contact and closed main contact, the load disconnect circuit according to the invention is advantageously suitable for systems in which the DC power source is designed as a DC generator, in particular as a photovoltaic generator and the electrical device as an inverter. Such systems require a solution for load separation without arcing when exposed to sunlight illuminated solar panels must be disconnected from the inverter. In addition, a high degree of efficiency is required for economical operation of photovoltaic systems. This is ensured by the intended for continuous operation contacting the main contact, whose electrical resistance is much lower than that of the semiconductor switch.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in beispielhafter Weise unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:
- Fig. 1:
- Stromlose Lasttrennschaltung beim Verbinden elektrischer Kontakte
- Fig. 2:
- Lasttrennschaltung mit Stromverlauf während des Einschaltvorganges
- Fig. 3:
- Lasttrennschaltung mit Stromverlauf im Dauerbetrieb
- Fig. 4:
- Lasttrennschaltung mit Stromverlauf während des ersten Ausschaltvorgang-Schrittes
- Fig. 5:
- Lasttrennschaltung mit Stromverlauf während des zweiten Ausschaltvorgang-Schrittes
- Fig. 6:
- Lasttrennschaltung mit abgeschaltetem Strom
- Fig. 7:
- Lasttrennschaltung mit zusätzlicher Diode als Verpolschutz und zusätzlichem Relais zur galvanischen Trennung
- Fig. 8:
- Zeitlicher Verlauf von Strom und Steuersignal beim Einschalten
- Fig. 9:
- Zeitlicher Verlauf von Strom und Steuersignal beim Ausschalten
- Fig. 1:
- Electroless load disconnecting circuit when connecting electrical contacts
- Fig. 2:
- Load disconnecting circuit with current during the switch-on
- 3:
- Load-disconnecting circuit with current profile in continuous operation
- 4:
- Load disconnecting circuit with current during the first switch-off step
- Fig. 5:
- Load separation circuit with current during the second Ausschaltungsvorgang step
- Fig. 6:
- Load disconnecting circuit with switched off current
- Fig. 7:
- Load isolation circuit with additional diode as polarity reversal protection and additional relay for galvanic isolation
- Fig. 8:
- Time course of current and control signal when switching on
- Fig. 9:
- Time course of current and control signal when switching off
In
Die Elemente der Lasttrennschaltung bilden ein Schalter 3 mit einem Hauptkontakt 4 und einem mit diesem gekoppelten Hilfskontakt 5 und ein parallel dazu angeordnetes Halbleiterschaltelement 2. In Reihe mit dem Halbleiterschaltelement 2 können ein Widerstand 7 und eine elektrische Sicherung 8 angeordnet sein. Zudem ist eine Steuerung 6 vorgesehen, die über einen Steuerkreis den Schaltzustand des Hilfskontakts 5 ausliest. Der Schalter 3 kann beispielsweise so ausgebildet sein, dass der Hauptkontakt 4 als Schließer und der Hilfskontakt 5 als Öffner fungiert. Bei vollständig offenem Hauptkontakt 4 ist der Hilfskontakt 5 dann geschlossen, wie in
In
Bei weiterer Betätigung des Schalters 3 schließt sich der Hauptkontakt 4, wie in
Im Falle einer Trennung des Photovoltaikgenerators 9 vom Wechselrichter 10 muss zunächst wieder der Schalter 3 betätigt werden, bevor die elektrischen Kontakte 1 gelöst werden können. Die Einhaltung dieser Bedingung kann entweder durch eine deutliche Kennzeichnung oder vorteilhafterweise durch eine entsprechende mechanische Sicherungseinrichtung erreicht werden, beispielsweise durch die Abschirmung und Fixierung der elektrischen Kontakte 1 mittels eines Betätigungselements des Schalters 3. Wie in
Bei weiterer Betätigung des Schalters 3 schließt der Hilfskontakt 5, wie in
In
Die in
In
Der erste Schritt des Verbindungsvorganges besteht in der stromlosen Verbindung der elektrischen Kontakte 1. Dabei steigt während der Verbindungszeit a die Spannung UT am Halbleiterschaltelement 2 an. Es verstreicht in weiterer Folge eine Zeitspanne b, bis der Schalter 3 betätigt wird.The first step of the connection process consists in the currentless connection of the
Bei Betätigung des Schalters 3 öffnet sich zunächst der Hilfskontakt 5 und an der Steuerung 6 baut sich die Steuerspannung UK auf, die von der Steuerung 6 als Gatespannung UG an das Halbleiterschaltelement 2 geschaltet wird. Damit wird das Halbleiterschaltelement 2 eingeschaltet und es beginnt ein Strom IT zu fließen, während die Spannung UT am Halbleiterschaltelement 2 gegen Null geht.Upon actuation of the
Bis zum Schließen des Hauptkontakts 4 verstreicht die Verzögerungszeit c, die durch den Schaltweg des Schalters 3 definiert ist. Während der Schließzeit d verringert sich der Strom IT durch das Halbleiterschaltelement 2 und der Strom IS durch den Hauptkontakt 4 des Schalters 3 steigt an, bis der Laststrom nur mehr durch den Hauptkontakt 4 fließt. Damit ist der Dauerbetriebszustand erreicht.Until the closing of the main contact 4, the delay time c, which is defined by the switching path of the
Ein Trennvorgang der elektrischen Kontakte 1 wird mit der Betätigung des Schalters 3 eingeleitet. Die entsprechenden Verläufe der Ströme und Spannungen sind in
Der Hauptkontakt 4 des Schalters 3 öffnet sich. Der Strom IS durch den Hauptkontakt 4 verringert sich während einer Öffnungszeit e und der Strom IT durch das Halbleiterschaltelement 2 steigt an, bis der Laststrom nur mehr durch das Halbleiterschaltelement 2 fließt. Nach dem Verstreichen der Schaltzeit f des Schalters 3 schließt der Hilfskontakt 5 und die Steuerspannung UK sinkt auf Null. Damit beginnt eine Todzeit g zu laufen, nach deren Ablauf auch die Gatespannung UG mittels Steuerung 6 abgeschaltet wird.The main contact 4 of the
Die Todzeit g ist dabei so eingestellt, dass eine in Reihe mit dem Halbleiterschaltelement 2 angeordnete träge elektrische Sicherung 8 nicht auslöst. Erst wenn der Laststrom länger als die Todzeit g, beispielsweise infolge eines Durchlegierens des Halbleiterschaltelements 2, durch die elektrische Sicherung 8 fließt, löst diese aus und unterbricht den Stromfluss.The dead time g is set so that an in-series with the
Mit dem Abschalten der Gatespannung UG ist das Halbleiterschaltelement 2 gesperrt und die elektrischen Kontakte 1 sind stromlos. Am Halbleiterschaltelement 2 liegt eine Zeitspanne h lang eine Spannung UT an, bis die elektrischen Kontakte 1 mit einer Trennungszeit i getrennt werden.With the switching off of the gate voltage U G , the
Claims (7)
- Load isolation circuit which, for the deenergised connection and isolation of an electrical device (10) and a DC source (9), comprises a plug-in connection having at least one electrical contact (1), wherein a semiconductor switching element (2) is arranged in series with the at least one electrical contact (1), characterised in that- a switch (3), which comprises a main contact (4) and an auxiliary contact (5), is arranged in parallel with the semiconductor switching element (2),- the main contact (4) and the auxiliary contact (5) are coupled in such a way that the switching state of the auxiliary contact (5) changes before closing and after opening of the main contact (4),- a controller (6) is provided which switches the semiconductor switching element (2) on as a function of the switching state of the auxiliary contact (5) before the main contact (4) closes and switches it off after the main contact (4) opens,in that the at least one electrical contact (1) is secured by a mechanical locking device and in that the mechanical locking device is coupled to the switch (3) in such a way that isolation of the at least one electrical contact (1) is possible only after the main contact (4) opens, and in that connection of the at least one electrical contact (1) is possible only when the main contact (4) is open, and in that, furthermore, the contact of a relay (11) is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element (2), and in that the coil of the relay (11) is connected to the controller (6) so the contact of the relay is closed before the semiconductor switching element (2) is switched on and is opened after the semiconductor switching element (2) is switched off.
- Load isolation circuit according to claim 1, characterised in that a contact element of the main contact (4) and a contact element of the auxiliary contact (5) are coupled to an actuating element of the switch (3).
- Load isolation circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the actuating element of the switch (3) shields and/or fixes the at least one electrical contact (1) when the main contact (4) of the switch (3) is closed.
- Load isolation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a resistor (7) is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element (2).
- Load isolation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that an electric fuse (8) is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element (2).
- Load isolation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a diode (D) is arranged in series with the semiconductor switching element (2).
- Load isolation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the DC source (9) is designed as a DC generator, in particular as a photovoltaic generator, and the electrical device (10) is designed as an inverter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200510061532 DE102005061532B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Load disconnecting circuit for the currentless connection and disconnection of electrical contacts |
PCT/EP2006/066102 WO2007073951A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-09-07 | Load isolation circuit for the deenergized connection and isolation of electrical contacts |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1964140A1 EP1964140A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
EP1964140B1 true EP1964140B1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
Family
ID=37269808
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06793300A Not-in-force EP1964140B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-09-07 | Load isolation circuit for the deenergized connection and isolation of electrical contacts |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1964140B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005061532B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007073951A1 (en) |
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-
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- 2006-09-07 WO PCT/EP2006/066102 patent/WO2007073951A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005061532B4 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
WO2007073951A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1964140A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
DE102005061532A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
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