BE1027211B1 - Blood or urine osmotic pressure test device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for determining blood or urinary osmotic pressure directly by reverse osmosis. The device comprises a water box for receiving pure water and a determination tube comprising a receiving cavity for receiving blood or urine and a graduated tube for reading a determination result based on the volume of water. passed through a reverse osmosis membrane into blood / urine depending on the concentration of crystalline substances dissolved therein.

Description

Device and method for testing blood or urine osmotic pressure Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of clinical medical detection technology, and in particular to a blood or urine osmotic pressure test device, and a blood or urine osmotic pressure test method using the device. Background

[0002] For a semi-permeable membrane having different concentrations of aqueous solutions on two of its sides, minimum additional pressure applied to the high concentration side to prevent water from entering from the low concentration side into the side. at high concentration, is called osmotic pressure. The magnitude of the osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute particles, regardless of the molecular weight, radius, and the like of the solute.

[0003] Blood osmotic pressure generally refers to a plasma osmotic pressure which consists of two parts, namely a colloidal osmotic pressure consisting of macromolecular plasma proteins and a crystalline osmotic pressure consisting of small molecule substances such as inorganic salts and glucose, and blood osmotic pressure is clinically expressed in units of mmol / L or mOsm / (kg: H, O). Since the number of crystalline solutes in plasma is much greater than the number of colloids, plasma osmotic pressure is mainly composed of crystal osmotic pressure. Plasma proteins generally cannot penetrate a capillary wall, so although colloidal osmotic pressure in plasma is low, it “plays an important role in the water balance between the interior and exterior of the blood vessel. Since it is not easy for most crystalline plasma materials and tissue fluids to penetrate a cell membrane, the crystalline osmotic pressure of plasma is relatively stable, which is extremely important for maintaining the water balance between the inside and outside the cell. Blood osmotic pressure is an important indicator that reflects an environment inside the body. The human body has a perfect system to regulate the osmotic pressure balance in the body, so the organs and tissues almost all have the same osmotic pressure environment, and the blood osmotic pressure is kept in the range of 300+ 5 mmol / L. Once the blood osmotic pressure is disturbed or destroyed, it will cause the movement of water between various body fluids and between the inside and outside of cells as well as electrolyte disturbance, eventually leading to dysfunction of the body.

[0004] Urinary osmotic pressure, also known as urinary osmotic amount or urinary osmolality, refers to the total number of microparticles, such as electrolytes,

urea, sugars, and proteins, found in all the fluids in the urine excreted by the kidney. The kidney modulates the balance of the osmotic amount of body fluid by concentrating or diluting the urine. The urinary osmotic pressure / plasma osmotic pressure ratio of normal persons is (3 to 4.5): 1. This index is also used to assess the concentration and dilution function of the kidney.

Urine is called isotonic urine when the urinary osmotic pressure is around 300 mmol / hour. Urinary osmotic pressure which is higher than plasma osmotic pressure means that the urine has been concentrated, and at this time, the urine can be called hypertonic urine. Urinary osmotic pressure which is lower than plasma osmotic pressure means that the urine has been diluted, and at this time the urine is called hypotonic urine. Urinary osmotic concentration may reflect the relative rate of excretion of solute and water by the kidney, which is unaffected by the particle size and nature of a solute particle, and is only associated with to the number of solute particles. The urinary osmotic pressure of normal people varies considerably, up to 40 to 1400 mmol / L, and the average urinary osmotic pressure is 600 to 1000 mmol / L. Urinary osmotic pressure can reflect the concentration and dilution function of the kidney, and is often used in conjunction with the determination of plasma osmotic pressure.

A current blood or urine osmotic pressure test method which is commonly used is a cryoscopic method. The principle of this method is to determine the concentration of a solution by determining freezing points of different solutions on the basis of the directly proportional relationship between a depression of freezing points and a molar concentration of a solution. However, this method can only indirectly determine the osmotic pressure, and the structure of the device is complicated and requires additional apparatus such as a power source. There is therefore a need for a method for the rapid detection of blood and urinary osmotic pressures which is suitable for clinical use.

[0006] Because of this, the present invention is specifically provided.

summary

[0007] A first objective of the present invention is to provide a device for testing blood or urine osmotic pressure. By using the device, the osmotic pressures of blood and urine can be determined directly, and the detection is more accurate, the detection time is short and the operation is simple and convenient.

[0008] A second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for testing blood or urine osmotic pressure using the device.

[0009] In order to achieve the above objective, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0010] The present invention relates to a device for testing an osmotic pressure in blood or urine, including a determination tube and a water box, in which

[0011] the determination tube comprises a receiving cavity and a graduated tube, the receiving cavity is a closed pipe body which is a closed space composed of an upper surface, a lower surface and at least one side surface, the material of both the side surface and the bottom surface is reverse osmosis membrane, the top surface has an insert hole suitable for the graduated tube,

[0012] The graduated tube is a straight tube which has openings at both ends and has a graduation, one end of the graduated tube is removably connected to the insertion hole on the upper surface of the receiving cavity, the the other end of the graduated tube is located outside the receiving cavity, the graduated tube is in communication with an interior space of the receiving cavity,

[0013] The water box is a closed box body which is provided with a socket and an overflow hole on top thereof, and the receiving cavity can enter the socket along it. 'a vertical direction.

[0014] Preferably, the water box and the graduated tube are made of a transparent material.

[0015] Preferably, the water box and the graduated tube have the same height.

Preferably, the water box further includes a positioning cavity which is disposed on a lower interior surface of the water box and is fitted to a lower end of the receiving cavity.

Preferably, a 0 graduation of the graduated tube is located at one end of the graduated tube near the receiving cavity and at the same height as the upper part of the receiving cavity, and the graduation value of the graduated tube increases towards a direction away from the receiving cavity.

Preferably, in a state of non-use, a surface of the socket is provided with a protective film, and a surface of the overflow hole is provided with a sealing head.

[0019] Preferably, the device further comprises a suction element for injecting blood or urine into the receiving cavity.

[0020] Preferably, the suction element comprises a tubular body and a rubber cap which are arranged integrally or separately, the rubber cap can suck liquid into the suction element in a state pressed, and the outer diameter of the tube body is smaller due to the hole diameter of the insert hole.

[0021] The present invention also relates to a method for rapidly determining a blood or urinary osmotic pressure using the device, including the steps of:

[0022] (1) aspirate blood or urine using a suction element, where the receiving cavity and the graduated tube are in a separate state;

[0023] (2) immersing the end of the suction element into the insertion hole to completely fill the receiving cavity with blood or urine;

[0024] (3) insert the graduated tube so that the liquid level in the receiving cavity reaches the 0 graduation;

[0025] (4) completely fill the water box with pure water, and remove the protective film from the surface of the socket and the sealing head from the surface of the overflow hole, so that the receiving cavity enters the socket in the vertical direction, the lower end of the receiving cavity engages the locating cavity at the bottom of the waterbox, and the excess water enters the waterbox. water overflows from the overflow hole; and

[0026] (5) Let the entire device stand for 5-10 minutes until the liquid level in the graduated tube no longer rises, and read the graduation value to obtain a determination result.

Preferably, in step (2), the end of the suction element is immersed in the insertion hole so that the end of the suction element is brought into contact. with the bottom of the receiving cavity, then blood or urine is injected into the receiving cavity, and the suction member is withdrawn before the receiving cavity is fully filled, so that the end of the suction element is located above the receiving cavity, then the receiving cavity is completely filled with blood or urine.

[0028] Preferably, the blood described in the present invention is anticoagulant blood.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] The present invention provides a device and a method for testing blood or urine osmotic pressure, wherein the device can quickly determine blood or urine osmotic pressure using the principle of reverse osmosis, and the device has a simple structure, does not require any power source, has a short detection time (5-10 minutes), and is easy to use. Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram for determining blood osmotic pressure using the principle of reverse osmosis,

[0032] where, 1 represents a U-type tube,

11 represents purified water, 12 represents an anticoagulant solution, and 13 represents a reverse osmosis membrane;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a water box.

[0035] where, 2 represents the water box,

21 represents a socket, 22 represents an overflow hole, 23 represents a positioning cavity, and 24 represents a protective film;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a determination tube in a combined state;

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the determination tube in a separate state,

[0039] where, 3 represents the determination tube;

31 represents the receiving cavity, 311 represents an insertion hole,

32 represents a graduated tube, and 322 represents a graduation;

[0042] Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the device of the present invention in a state of use.

[0043] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the injection of blood into the receiving cavity through a suction element,

[0044] where, 4 represents a suction element,

[0045] 41 represents a tube body, and 42 represents a rubber cap.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0046] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the claimed scope of the present invention.

[0047] [Test principle]

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram for determining blood or urine osmotic pressure using the principle of reverse osmosis. Taking blood osmotic pressure as an example, pure water 11 is filled in the left side of a U-type tube 1, and anticoagulant blood 12 is filled in the right side of the U-type tube 1, and a reverse osmosis membrane 13 is interposed between the left side and the right side. Since the reverse osmosis membrane 13 only allows water molecules to infiltrate, macromolecules in the blood, such as plasma proteins, inorganic salts, glucose, and the like, do not enter the left side , thus forming a difference in concentration between the left side and the right side. Water molecules from the left side enter the right side through the reverse osmosis membrane 13, causing the liquid level to rise on the right side. Blood osmotic pressure is made up of two parts, namely crystal osmotic pressure and colloidal osmotic pressure, where crystal osmotic pressure is made up of inorganic salts, glucose and the like, and colloid osmotic pressure is made up of plasma proteins. When the levels of inorganic salts, glucose, and plasma proteins in the blood change, the blood concentration is caused to change, causing a change in the amount of purified water that enters the blood. If the blood becomes thicker, its osmotic pressure increases, and the H-fluid level rise value also increases accordingly, and vice versa. Therefore, blood osmotic pressure can be determined based on the height of the liquid level rise.

The principle of testing the urinary osmotic pressure can also be represented by FIG. 1. The urine is separated from the water by the reverse osmosis membrane. Since the reverse osmosis membrane only allows water molecules to pass through, electrolytes, urea, sugars, proteins and the like in urine will not pass to the pure water side, so a difference concentration is formed between the pure water side and the urine side. The water molecules from the pure water side will enter the urine side through the reverse osmosis membrane, causing the liquid level on the urine side to rise. Urinary osmotic pressure is mainly composed of crystal osmotic pressure, colloidal osmotic pressure is very small, and crystal osmotic pressure is made of various electrolytes, urea, sugars and the like. Since normal urine has an extremely low protein content and does not contain blood cells, the colloidal osmotic pressure as formed is also extremely low. More specifically, a normal value of the crystalline osmotic pressure of urine is about> 600 mmol / L, and a normal value of the colloidal osmotic pressure of urine is about <1.3 mmol / L.

When the contents of electrolytes, urea, sugars and proteins in the urine change, the urine concentration is also caused to change, and thus the amount of pure water entering the urine will increase or decrease, such as reflects the increase or decrease in the fluid level on the urine side. Urinary osmotic pressure can be determined based on the height of the fluid level rise.

[0051] [Mathematical derivation]

[0052] (1) Mathematical derivation of blood osmotic pressure

[0053] The crystalline osmotic pressure of blood arises mainly from crystalline substances dissolved therein, in particular electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, glucose, etc., a normal value being around 300 mmol / L. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure arises mainly from glucose, plasma albumin, blood cells, etc., the normal value being approximately 1.3 mmol / L. Therefore, the blood osmotic pressure is equal to a sum of the crystal osmotic pressure and the colloidal osmotic pressure. That is, blood osmotic pressure = crystal osmotic pressure + colloidal osmotic pressure. Since the number of crystalline solutes in plasma is much greater than the number of colloids, plasma osmotic pressure is mainly composed of crystal osmotic pressure. Blood is generally believed to be hypotonic blood when blood osmotic pressure is <280 mmol / L, blood is normal blood when blood osmotic pressure is in the range of 280-300-320, and blood is blood hypertonic when the osmotic blood pressure> 320 mmol / L.

The known osmotic pressure calculation formula (van a Hoff's formula) is shown in equation (1): UV = nRT or 1 = CRT; (1)

[0055] where Mm is the osmotic pressure of a solution diluted in Pa; V is a volume of solution in L; c is a concentration of solution in mol / L; n is the amount of solute substance in mol; T is 273 K + Esang ° C, where t is the temperature of the blood; and R is a gas constant in 8.314 Jmol! -K-.

For convenience, by substituting m by the letter P, then the osmotic pressure formula is P = cRT (Pa).

The well-known formula for the calculation of the liquid pressure is as represented in equation (2): P = pgH (Pa) (2)

[0058] where, g is the gravitational acceleration in m / s or Kg / N; p is a liquid density in kg / m; and H is a height of liquid level in m.

The well-known blood osmotic pressure calculation formula is shown in equation (3):

Blood osmotic pressure = (Nat + K ') x 2 + BS + BUN (both in mmol / L) (3)

[0060] where, Na * is a blood concentration of sodium, K 'is a blood concentration of potassium; BS (blood sugar) is a level of glucose in the blood, where normal people have a BS of 3.9 to 6.1 mmol / L; BUN (urea nitrogen in the blood) is urea nitrogen, where normal people have a BUN of 1.78 to 7.14 mmol / L.

[0061] Blood osmotic pressure is a unit of concentration which can visually reflect the number of particles in the blood. It is medically prescribed due to the osmotic blood pressure expressed in a concentration of mmol / L.

[0062] In the present invention, since the reverse osmosis membrane has selective permeability, water enters the blood side, causing the blood side fluid level to increase, and the level rise height. of liquid is FH when the rise in liquid level is stabilized. It is observed from the formula for liquid pressure that the pressure of this high liquid trunk is P = Psang'JH. According to the osmotic pressure theorem, the value P is the blood osmotic pressure in Pa.

Since the unit of the blood osmotic pressure formula is mmol / L, which is a unit of concentration that is not uniform with the unit Pa, the units should be converted to uniform units when comparing. The conversion process is as follows:

Since the blood osmotic pressure unit mmol / L actually reflects the blood osmotic concentration Csang, according to van 't Hoff's formula P = cRT, the blood osmotic pressure calculation formula Csang = (Nat + K ') x 2 + BS + BUN == mmol / L is substituted in the formula of van' t Hoff P = cRT to obtain equation (4): the blood osmotic pressure P = ((Na '+ Kt) x 2 + BS + BUN) * R * T, the unit being Pa (4)

[0064] equation (2) is combined with equation (4) to obtain: P = Psang GH = ((Na * + K *) x 2 + BS + BUN) * R * T, and therefore the value of H can be calculated, i.e. equation (5): H = ((Nat + Kt) x 2 + BS + BUN) * RT / Psang 9, the unit being m (5)

The constants in equation (5) are R, g, T (T = 273 + blood ° C, given that 273 K >> tsangs the blood is the temperature of the blood, and the tsang in the experiment is kept stable as much as possible, and therefore T can be taken as a constant), Psang (a normal blood density is 1.050 to 1.060, the density of pure water is 1000, and the data difference between them is basically a change in the value of two decimal places, this change value has little influence on the calculation result, dONC Psang Can be considered a constant). There are variables in the equation of Nat, Kt, BS, and BUN.

[0066] Therefore, we can observe from equation (5): the value of H is linearly related to ((Nat + K ') x 2 + BS + BUN). The increase or decrease in the values of Nat, K *, BS, BUN in the blood inevitably causes a change in the height of H, so that the device of the present invention can determine the osmotic pressure of the blood.

When the graduations on the surface of the graduated tube in the device of the present invention are established, since the unit of the liquid level rise height HE as calculated by equation (5) is m, which is incompatible with the current unit of blood osmotic pressure mmol / L, the value of H must be converted to mmol / L when the graduations of the graduated tube are marked. The conversion process is as follows:

According to equation (2), equation (4) and equation (1), P = Psang'gH = ((Na * + Kt) x 2 + BS + BUN) * RT = Csang RT (Pa), so that P = Psang'GH = Csang'RT, to obtain equation (6): the blood osmotic pressure Csang = Psang'JH / RT (the constants being G, Psang, and RT, and the variable is H) (6)

The heights H are authorized to correspond to Csang one by one, so as to achieve the graduations of the graduated tube. The unit of the graduations is mmol / L, so that the blood osmotic pressure can be read directly from the graduated tube.

[0070] (2) Mathematical derivation of urinary osmotic pressure

Similar to blood osmotic pressure, urinary osmotic pressure = crystal osmotic pressure + colloidal osmotic pressure (very low). The crystalline osmotic pressure composed of various inorganic salts is mainly determined by the urine sodium concentration, and also by the urine potassium concentration, the urine calcium concentration, the urine magnesium concentration and the ketone body concentration, etc. Colloidal osmotic pressure is made up of the concentration of urea and the concentration of sugars in the urine. Normal urinary osmotic pressure is approximately> 600 mmol / L. The urinary osmotic pressure of normal people varies considerably, up to 40 to 1400 mmol / L, and the average urinary osmotic pressure is 600 to 1000 mmol / L.

The well-known osmotic pressure calculation formula (van ’t Hoff formula) is shown in equation (1 /): UV = nRT or 1 = CRT; (17)

Where Mm is the osmotic pressure of a solution diluted in Pa; V is a volume of solution in L; c is a concentration of solution in mol / L; n is the amount of solute substance in mol; T is 273 K + Turine ° C, where t is the temperature of the urine; and R is a gas constant in 8.314 Jmol! -K- !,

For convenience, by replacing tm with the letter P, then the osmotic pressure formula is P = cRT (Pa).

The well-known formula for calculating the liquid pressure is as shown in equation (2 ’): P = pgH (Pa) (27)

Where, dg is the gravitational acceleration in m / s or Kg / N; p is a liquid density in kg / m; and H is a height of liquid level in m.

The well-known urinary osmotic pressure calculation formula is represented in equation (3 '): urinary osmotic pressure = (Nat + K' + Ca2t + Mg? 2 *) x 2 + US + BUN (the two in mmol / L) (37)

[0078] where, Nat is the blood sodium concentration, K 'is the blood potassium concentration, Ca? "Is the urine calcium concentration, and Mg' is the urine magnesium concentration. A normal person has a value of urinary sodium of 154 mmol / 24 h, a urinary potassium value of 25 to 125 mmol / 24 h, a urinary calcium value of 2.7 to 7.5 mmol / 24 h, and a urinary magnesium value of 3, 0 to 4.5 mmol / 24 h.

[0079] US (sugars in urine) is a value for sugars in urine, and its value is <0.28 mmol / 24 h.

[0080] BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is urea nitrogen, and the fasting BUN value of normal people is 2.9 to 7.5 mmol / L.

[0081] Urinary osmotic pressure is a unit of concentration which can visually reflect the number of particles in the urine. It is medically prescribed due to urinary osmotic pressure being expressed as a concentration of mmol / L.

[0082] In the present invention, since the reverse osmosis membrane has selective permeability, water enters the urine side, causing the liquid level on the urine side to increase,

and the liquid level rise height is FH when the liquid level rise is stabilized. It is observed from the formula for liquid pressure that the pressure of this high liquid trunk is P = Purine‘JH. According to the osmotic pressure theorem, the value P is the urinary osmotic pressure in Pa. Since the unit of the urinary osmotic pressure formula is mmol / L, which is a unit of concentration which is not uniform with the Pa unit, the units should be converted to uniform units when comparing. The conversion process is as follows:

Since the unit of urinary osmotic pressure mmol / L actually reflects the urinary osmotic concentration Curine, According to the formula of van 't Hoff P = cRT, the formula for calculating the urinary osmotic pressure Curine = (Nat + Kt + Ca2t + Mg?) X 2 + US + BUN == mmol / L is substituted in van 't Hoff's formula P = cRT to obtain equation (4 ”): urinary osmotic pressure P = ({( Nat + Kt + Cat + Mg?) X 2 + US + BUN) * R * T, the unit being Pa (4!)

[0084] Equation (2 ') is combined with equation (4') to obtain: P = PurineGH = ((Nat + K * + Ca? * + Mg2 *) x 2 + US + BUN) * R * T, and therefore the value of H can be calculated, i.e. equation (5 '): H = ((Nat + K + Ca2t + Mg?) X 2 + US + BUN) * RT / Purine'9, the unit being m (5 ")

[0085] The constants in equation (5) are R, gg, T (T = 273 + urine ° C, since 273 K >> Turines Turine is the temperature of the urine, and the Usang in the experiment is kept stable as much as possible, and therefore T can be taken as a constant), Purine (a normal urine density is 1.010 to 1.025, the density of pure water is 1000, and the data difference between them is basically a change in the value of two decimal places, this change value has little influence on the calculation result, thus Purine can be regarded as a constant). There are variables in the equation of Nat, Kt, Ca% 2 *, Mg? 2t, US, and BUN.

Consequently, we can observe from equation (5 '): the value of H is linearly related to ((Na * + K * + Ca% 2 + Mg?) X 2 + US + BUN ). Increasing or decreasing the values of Nat, Kt, Ca? *, Mg2 *, US, BUN in urine inevitably causes a change in the height of H, so that the device of the present invention can determine the pressure urinary osmotic.

[0087] When the graduations on the surface of the graduated tube in the device of the present invention are established, since the unit of the liquid level rise height HE as calculated by equation (5) is m, which is incompatible with the current unit of urinary osmotic pressure mmol / L, the value of H must be converted to mmol / L when the graduations of the graduated tube are marked. The conversion process is as follows:

According to equation (2 '), equation (4'), and equation (1 '), P = Purine'GH = ((Na * + Kt + Ca2t + Mg?) X 2 + US + BUN) * RT = Curine'RT (Pa), so that P = Purine'GgH = Curine 'RT, to obtain equation (6'):

Urinary osmotic pressure Curine = Purine'GH / RT (the constants being QG, Purine, and RT; and the variable is H) (6 ’)

The heights H are authorized to correspond to Curine one by one, so as to establish the graduations of the graduated tube. The unit of the graduations is mmol / L, so that the urinary osmotic pressure can be read directly from the graduated tube.

[0091] [Test device]

The embodiments of the present invention relate to a blood or urine osmotic pressure test device. As shown in Figures 2-4, the device includes a determination tube 3 and a water box 2. Taking the blood osmotic pressure test as an example, where

[0093] The determination tube 3 includes a receiving cavity 31 and a graduated tube 32. The receiving cavity 31 is a closed pipe body which is composed of an upper surface, a lower surface and at least a side surface. In the placed state shown in Fig. 3, the protrusion of the receiving cavity 31 in a vertical direction may be a circle, a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or the like, and the embodiments of the present invention use a rectangular receiving cavity 31. The material of both the side surface and the lower surface of the receiving cavity 31 is a reverse osmosis membrane, to achieve moisture infiltration between the inside and outside of the chamber. the receiving cavity 31. An insertion hole 311 which is fitted to the graduated tube 32 is disposed on the upper surface of the receiving cavity 31, for inserting the graduated tube 32. Further, the receiving cavity 31 may include a rigid backbone and is then prepared by coating the reverse osmosis membrane on the backbone.

The graduated tube 32 is a rectilinear tube which has openings at both ends and has a graduation, one end of the graduated tube is removably connected to the insertion hole 311 on the upper surface of the receiving cavity 31 , the other end of the graduated tube is located outside the receiving cavity 31, and the graduated tube 32 is in communication with an interior space of the receiving cavity 31. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the Graduated tube 32 is detached when blood is injected into receiving cavity 31, and graduated tube 32 is installed into insertion hole 311 after injection is complete.

As shown in Figure 2, the water box 2 is a closed box body which is provided with a sleeve 21 and an overflow hole 22 on top thereof, and the cavity receiver 31 can enter socket 21 along a vertical direction. Before the test, the water box 2 is pre-filled completely with pure water, then the determination tube containing blood 3 is placed in the water box 2. Since the ion contents of the blood and the pure water are different, pure water passes through the reverse osmosis membrane to infiltrate towards the receiving cavity 31. It should be noted that the water box 2 can only contain pure water or deionized water. If the water contains ions or other impurities, the osmotic pressure will change affecting the test result. In the state of non-use, a protective film 24 may be provided on the surface of the socket 21, and a sealing head (not shown in the figure) is provided on the surface of the overflow hole 22. to prevent the inner wall of the water box 2 from being polluted from the outside.

In one embodiment of the invention, the water box 2 and the graduated tube 32 are made of a transparent material to facilitate observation. Thus, when water is injected into the water box 2, we can directly see whether the water box is completely filled or not, and we can directly see the height of rise of liquid level in the graduated tube 32 .

In addition, in order to fully use the interior space of the water box 2 and the reverse osmosis membrane constituting the surface of the receiving cavity 31, the water box 2 has the same height as the cavity. reception 31. Thus, when the determination tube 3 is placed in the water box 2, all the reverse osmosis membranes on the surface of the reception cavity 31 can allow pure water to infiltrate therein, and the height of the liquid level rise can be directly observed from the graduated tube 32.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water box 2 further includes a positioning cavity 23 disposed in the lower interior surface of the water box 2, and the positioning cavity 23 is matched with the lower end of the receiving cavity 31.

As shown in Fig. 5 after entering the receiving cavity 31 into the socket 21 in the vertical direction, the lower end of the receiving cavity 31 is engaged in the locating cavity 23 at the bottom of the box. water 2, to prevent the determination tube 3 from being moved during the test, rather than positioning it vertically in the water box 2, which would otherwise lead to an inaccurate result.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the 0 graduation of the graduated tube 32 is located at one end of the graduated tube near the receiving cavity 31 and at the same height as the upper part of the receiving cavity 31, and the graduation value of the graduated tube 32 increases towards a direction away from the receiving cavity 31. After placing the determination tube 3 in the water box 2, the height of the liquid level of the blood in the receiving cavity 31 is just at the 0 graduation of the graduated tube 32 at the start. Due to the pressure difference that existed between the inside and the outside of the reverse osmosis membrane on the surface of the receiving cavity 31, the pure water in the water box 2 enters the receiving cavity. 31 through the reverse osmosis membrane, and the liquid level in the determination tube 32 rises. Thus, for the same test device, the graduation value on the determination tube 32 is equivalent to the height of the liquid level rise inside the determination tube 32, without the need for a setting calculation. to zero.

[00100] In addition, the test device further includes a suction element 4 for injecting blood into the receiving cavity 31. As shown in Figure 6, the suction element 4 includes a tube body 41 and a rubber cap 42 which are arranged integrally or separately. The rubber cap 42 can suck liquid into the suction member 4 in a squeezed state, and the outer diameter of the tube body 41 is smaller than the hole diameter of the insertion hole 311, so that the tube body 41 can completely enter the receiving cavity 31.

[00101] [Test method]

[00102] The present invention also relates to a method for rapidly determining an osmotic pressure of blood or urine using the device, and taking a blood test as an example, the method includes the steps of:

[00103] (1) aspirate the anticoagulant blood using the aspirator 4, where the receiving cavity 31 and the graduated tube 32 are in a separate state;

[00104] (2) immersing the end of the suction element 4 into the insertion hole 311, to completely fill the receiving cavity 31 with anticoagulant blood;

[00105] (3) insert the graduated tube 32 so that the liquid level of the blood in the receiving cavity 31 reaches the 0 graduation;

[00106] (4) completely fill the water box 2 with pure water, and remove the protective film 24 from the surface of the sleeve 21 and the sealing head from the surface of the overflow hole 22 , so that the receiving cavity 31 enters the socket 21 in a vertical direction, the lower end of the receiving cavity 31 is engaged in the positioning cavity 23 at the bottom of the water box 2, and excess water in the water box 2 overflows from the overflow hole 22; and

[00107] (5) leave the entire device at rest for 5 to 10 minutes until the liquid level of the blood in the graduated tube 32 no longer rises, and read the graduation value to obtain a result of determination.

[00108] It should be noted that, in order to avoid the coagulation of the blood to be tested during the test, it is necessary to carry out an anticoagulant treatment on the blood in advance. The principle of using an anticoagulant is that it does not affect the determination of the blood concentration, that is, it does not introduce excessive ions and moisture into the blood to test. Heparin is the first choice among the anticoagulants available, and its dosage is 10 to 12.5 IU / ml; and the second choice is sodium ethylenediaminetetracetate (EDTA-2Na), which is generally formulated in an aqueous solution with a concentration by mass of 15% for storage, is cooked to dryness for use, and its dosage is of 1.2 mg / ml.

Referring to Figure 6, in order to improve the test accuracy, it is necessary to completely fill the receiving cavity 31 entirely with blood. In step (2), the end of the suction element 4 can be dipped into the insertion hole 311, so that the end of the suction element 4 is brought into contact with the bottom of the receiving cavity 31, then the anticoagulant blood is injected into the receiving cavity 31, and the suction element 4 is withdrawn before the receiving cavity is completely filled, so that the end of the suction element 4 is located above the receiving cavity 31, then the receiving cavity 31 is completely filled with anticoagulant blood.

[00110] The present invention uses standard blood to calibrate the graduated tube. More specifically, blood can be tested using an existing successful blood osmotic pressure determination method (such as a freeze point method) to obtain standard blood. Then, the standard blood is subjected to the osmotic pressure test using the device provided by the present invention, the high liquid level in the graduated tube 32 is recorded and a graduation is marked on the graduated tube 32, as follows:

[00111] The height of fluid level corresponding to standard normal blood is recorded as 300 mmol / L.

[00112] The height of fluid level corresponding to standard hypotonic blood is recorded as 280 mmol / L.

[00113] The height of the liquid level corresponding to standard hypertonic blood is recorded as 320 mmol / L.

[00114] It is also possible to increase the amount of standard blood, such as by determining standard blood several times, and by marking graduations such as 240, 250, .., 330, 340, 350 mmol / L , etc. on the graduated tube 32. In the actual test, the blood osmotic pressure can be read directly according to the value marked on the graduated tube 32 and the height of the liquid level, making a rapid determination of the blood osmotic pressure.

[00115] When the device is used to test urinary osmotic pressure, the present invention calibrates the graduated tube 32 using standard urine. Similar to the blood osmotic pressure test, urine can be tested by an existing successful urinary osmotic pressure determination method (such as a freeze point method) to obtain standard urine. Then, the standard urine is subjected to the osmotic pressure test using the device provided by the present invention, the high liquid level in the graduated tube 32 is recorded and a graduation is marked on the graduated tube 32, as follows. :

[00116] The height of the liquid level corresponding to the standard normal urine is recorded as 600 to 1000 mmol / L. (The maximum range of normal urinary osmotic pressure is 40 to 1400 mmol / L, and typically 600 to 1000 mmol / L).

[00117] The height of fluid level corresponding to standard hypotonic urine is recorded as <600 mmol / L.

[00118] The height of liquid level corresponding to standard hypertonic urine is recorded as> 1000 mmol / L.

[00119] It is also possible to increase the amount of standard urine, such as by determining the standard urine several times, and by marking graduations such as 300, 400, 500, ..., 1 100, 1,200, 1,300 mmol / L, etc. on the graduated tube. In the actual test, the urinary osmotic pressure can be read directly based on the value marked on the graduated tube and the height of the liquid level, making a quick determination of urinary osmotic pressure.

[00120] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and changes or substitutions can easily come to the fore. skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. These changes or substitutions are within the claimed scope of the present invention. Therefore, the claimed scope of the present invention is to be determined by the claimed scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1.7 Device for testing a blood or urine osmotic pressure, comprising a determination tube and a water box, in which the determination tube comprises a receiving cavity and a graduated tube, the receiving cavity is a closed pipe body which is a closed space composed of an upper surface, a lower surface and at least one side surface, the material of both the side surface and the lower surface is a reverse osmosis membrane, the surface upper is provided with an insertion hole suitable for the graduated tube, the graduated tube is a straight tube which has openings at both ends and has a graduation, one end of the graduated tube is removably connected to the insertion hole on the upper surface of the receiving cavity, the other end of the graduated tube is located outside the receiving cavity, the graduated tube is in communication with an interior space of the receiving cavity, the water box isa closed box body which is provided with a socket and an overflow hole on top thereof, and the receiving cavity can enter the socket along a vertical direction. 2.- Device according to claim 1, wherein the water box and the graduated tube are made of a transparent material. 3.- Device according to claim 1, wherein the water box and the graduated tube have the same height. 4.- Device according to claim 1, wherein the water box further comprises a positioning cavity which is disposed on a lower interior surface of the water box and is fitted to a lower end of the receiving cavity. 5.- Device according to claim 1, wherein a 0 graduation of the graduated tube is located at one end of the graduated tube near the receiving cavity and at the same height as the upper part of the receiving cavity, and the value of the graduation tube increases towards a direction away from the receiving cavity. 6.- Device according to claim 1, wherein, in a state of non-use, a surface of the socket is provided with a protective film, and a surface of the overflow hole is provided with a head of sealing. 7.- Device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a suction element for injecting blood or urine into the receiving cavity; and preferably, the suction member comprises a tube body and a rubber cap which are integrally arranged or separately, the rubber cap can suck liquid into the suction member under a state. pressed, and the outer diameter of the tube body is smaller than the hole diameter of the insert hole. 8. A method for rapidly determining a blood or urinary osmotic pressure, wherein the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and the method comprises the steps of: (1) aspirating blood or blood. urine using a suction element, where the receiving cavity and the graduated tube are in a separate state; (2) immerse the end of the suction element into the insertion hole to completely fill the receiving cavity with blood or urine; (3) insert the graduated tube so that the liquid level in the receiving cavity reaches the O0 graduation; (4) Fully fill the water box with pure water, and remove the protective film from the surface of the socket and the sealing head from the surface of the overflow hole, so that the receiving cavity enters into the socket in the vertical direction, the lower end of the receiving cavity engages the locating cavity at the bottom of the waterbox, and the excess water in the waterbox overflows from the hole overflow; and (5) leave the entire device at rest for 5-10 minutes until the liquid level in the graduated tube no longer rises, and read the graduation value to obtain a determination result. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein, in step (2), the end of the suction element is plunged into the insertion hole such that the end of the element d the suction is brought into contact with the bottom of the receiving cavity, then blood or urine is injected into the receiving cavity, and the suction element is removed before the receiving cavity is fully filled, so that the end of the suction element is located above the receiving cavity, then the receiving cavity is filled entirely with blood or urine. 10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the blood is anticoagulant blood.