CN110618062A - Device and method for testing osmotic pressure of blood or urine - Google Patents
Device and method for testing osmotic pressure of blood or urine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110618062A CN110618062A CN201910801323.3A CN201910801323A CN110618062A CN 110618062 A CN110618062 A CN 110618062A CN 201910801323 A CN201910801323 A CN 201910801323A CN 110618062 A CN110618062 A CN 110618062A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for testing the osmotic pressure of blood or urine, which comprises a measuring tube and a water box. Survey the pipe includes holding tank and graduated flask, the holding tank is for sealing the body, constitutes the enclosure by top surface, bottom surface and at least one side, side and bottom surface material are reverse osmosis membrane, the top surface be equipped with graduated flask assorted jack, the graduated flask is both ends opening and has the straight tube of scale, its one end with the connection can be dismantled to the jack of holding tank top surface, and the other end is located outside the holding tank, the graduated flask with the inner space intercommunication of holding tank, the water box is for sealing the box body, and the top is equipped with socket and overflow hole, vertical direction entering can be followed to the holding tank in the socket. The device applies the reverse osmosis principle to rapidly determine the osmotic pressure of blood or urine, and has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clinical medical detection, in particular to a device for testing the osmotic pressure of blood or urine and a method for testing the osmotic pressure of the blood or urine by using the device.
Background
In the case of a semipermeable membrane having different concentrations of aqueous solutions on both sides, the minimum extra pressure applied to the high concentration side in order to prevent water from permeating from the low concentration side to the high concentration side is referred to as osmotic pressure. The magnitude of the osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute particles, and is independent of the molecular weight, radius, etc. of the solute.
The blood osmotic pressure generally refers to the plasma osmotic pressure, which is composed of two parts, namely colloid osmotic pressure consisting of macromolecular plasma protein and crystal osmotic pressure consisting of inorganic salt, glucose and other micromolecular substances, and is clinically expressed in mmol/L or mOsm/(kg. H)2O) is expressed in units. Since the number of crystalline solutes is much greater than the number of colloids in plasma, the plasma osmolality is mainly constituted by the osmolality of the crystals. General plasma proteinsThe blood plasma colloid has a small osmotic pressure but plays an important role in water balance inside and outside the blood vessel because the blood plasma colloid cannot permeate through the capillary wall. Since most of the crystal substances of blood plasma and tissue fluid are not easy to permeate cell membranes, the relative stability of the osmotic pressure of the plasma crystal is very important for keeping the water balance inside and outside cells. The blood osmotic pressure is an important index reflecting the environment in the body. The human body has a set of complete system for regulating the osmotic pressure balance in the body, so that the organs and tissues have almost the same osmotic pressure environment, and the blood osmotic pressure is maintained within the range of 300 +/-5 mmol/L. Once the blood osmotic pressure is disturbed or destroyed, water movement and electrolyte disturbance between various body fluids and between the inside and outside of cells can be caused, and finally body dysfunction is caused.
The urine osmotic pressure is also called urine osmotic volume or urine osmotic volume, and refers to the total amount of particles of all solutes in urine excreted by the kidney, such as electrolytes, urea, saccharides, proteins, and the like. The kidney balances the amount of body fluid that is permeated by urine by concentrating or diluting it. The ratio of the urine osmotic pressure to the plasma osmotic pressure of a normal person is (3-4.5): 1, and the index is also used for evaluating the concentration and dilution functions of the kidney. Urine osmolality at about 300 mmmol/hour is called isotonic urine, higher than plasma osmolality indicates that urine has been concentrated, and this time called hypertonic urine; a lower osmolarity than plasma indicates that the urine has been diluted, at which point the urine is called hypotonic. The urine osmolarity reflects the relative rate of excretion of solutes and water by the kidneys, is independent of solute particle size and nature, and is related only to the number of solute particles. The normal human urine osmotic pressure fluctuation is large and can reach 40-1400 mmol/L, and the average urine osmotic pressure is 600-1000 mmol/L. Urine osmolarity, which reflects the kidney's concentration and dilution function, is often used in conjunction with plasma osmolarity measurement.
The currently common method for testing the osmotic pressure of blood and urine is the freezing point depression method. The principle of the method is that the concentration of the solution is indirectly judged by measuring the freezing points of different solutions on the basis of the direct proportional relation between the freezing point depression and the molar concentration of the solution. However, this method can only indirectly measure the osmotic pressure, and the apparatus has a complicated structure and requires an additional device such as a power supply. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a rapid detection method for blood and urine osmolarity suitable for clinical use.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a device for testing the osmolarity of blood or urine. The device can directly measure the osmotic pressure of blood and urine, and has the advantages of more accurate detection, short detection time and simple and convenient operation.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a method for testing the osmolarity of blood or urine using the device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the present invention relates to a device for testing the osmolarity of blood or urine, comprising a test tube and a water cartridge, wherein,
the measuring tube comprises a holding tank and a graduated tube, the holding tank is a closed tube body, a closed space is formed by a top surface, a bottom surface and at least one side surface, the side surface and the bottom surface are made of reverse osmosis membranes, the top surface is provided with an insertion hole matched with the graduated tube,
the graduated tube is a straight tube with openings at two ends and with scales, one end of the graduated tube is detachably connected with the jack at the top surface of the containing groove, the other end of the graduated tube is positioned outside the containing groove, the graduated tube is communicated with the inner space of the containing groove,
the water box is a closed box body, the top of the water box is provided with a socket and an overflow hole, and the accommodating groove can enter the socket along the vertical direction.
Preferably, the water box and the graduated tube are made of transparent materials.
Preferably, the height of the water bucket is the same as the height of the accommodating groove.
Preferably, the water box further comprises a positioning groove, the positioning groove is formed in the inner surface of the bottom of the water box, and the positioning groove is matched with the lower end of the accommodating groove.
Preferably, 0 scale of the graduated tube is located at one end close to the accommodating groove and at the same height as the top of the accommodating groove, and the scale value of the graduated tube is increased towards the direction far away from the accommodating groove.
Preferably, in a non-use state, the surface of the socket is provided with a covering film, and the surface of the overflow hole is provided with a sealing head.
Preferably, the device further comprises a straw for injecting blood or urine into the holding groove.
Preferably, the straw comprises a pipe body and a rubber cap which are integrally or separately arranged, the rubber cap can suck liquid into the straw in a squeezing state, and the outer diameter of the pipe body is smaller than the aperture of the insertion hole.
The invention also relates to a method for rapid determination of the osmolarity of blood or urine using said device, comprising the steps of:
(1) the blood or urine is sucked by the suction tube, and the holding tank and the graduated tube are in a separated state;
(2) the tail end of the suction pipe is inserted into the jack, and the holding tank is filled with blood or urine;
(3) inserting a graduated tube to enable the liquid level in the accommodating tank to reach the 0-graduation position;
(4) filling purified water into the water box, removing the cover film on the surface of the socket and the seal heads on the surface of the overflow holes, enabling the accommodating tank to enter the socket along the vertical direction, clamping the lower end part of the accommodating tank into the positioning groove at the bottom of the water box, and enabling redundant water in the water box to overflow from the overflow holes;
(5) and standing the whole device for 5-10 min, and reading the scale value until the liquid level in the scale pipe does not rise any more, so as to obtain a measurement result.
Preferably, in the step (2), the tip of the suction pipe is inserted into the jack, so that the tip of the suction pipe is in contact with the bottom of the containing groove, then blood or urine is injected into the containing groove, the suction pipe is pulled out before the filling, so that the tip of the suction pipe is positioned above the containing groove, and then the blood or urine is injected into the containing groove.
Preferably, the blood in the present invention is anticoagulated blood.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a device and a method for testing the osmotic pressure of blood or urine, the device can rapidly test the osmotic pressure of blood or urine by applying a reverse osmosis principle, and has the advantages of simple structure, no need of a power supply, short detection time (5-10 minutes) and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the osmotic pressure of blood using the reverse osmosis principle.
Wherein, 1-U-shaped pipe;
11-purified water; 12-anticoagulated blood; 13-a reverse osmosis membrane;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the water box.
Wherein, 2-water box;
21-a socket; 22-overflow holes; 23-a positioning groove; 24-a cover film;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the measuring tube in the assembled state.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the measuring tube in a separated state.
Wherein, 3-measuring tube;
31-a receiving tank; 311-jack;
32-graduated tube; 322-scale;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the device of the present invention in use.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the blood being injected into the holding reservoir through the straw.
Wherein, 4-straw;
41-a tube body; 42-glue cap.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
[ test principle ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the determination of the osmotic pressure of blood or urine using the reverse osmosis principle. Taking the blood osmotic pressure as an example, purified water 11 is filled into the U-shaped tube 1 at the left side, anticoagulated blood 12 is filled into the U-shaped tube 1 at the right side, and the middle part is separated by a reverse osmosis membrane 13. Since the reverse osmosis membrane 13 allows only water molecules to permeate therethrough, large molecules in the blood, such as plasma proteins, inorganic salts, glucose, etc., do not enter the left side, thus forming a concentration difference between the left side and the right side. Water molecules on the left side will pass through the reverse osmosis membrane 13 into the right side causing the liquid level on the right side to rise. The blood osmotic pressure is composed of two parts of crystal osmotic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure, inorganic salt, glucose and the like form the crystal osmotic pressure, and plasma protein forms the colloid osmotic pressure. When the contents of inorganic salts, glucose, plasma proteins, etc. in blood are changed, blood concentration is changed, causing a change in the amount of purified water introduced into the blood. If the blood becomes thick, the osmotic pressure rises, and the liquid level rise value H also rises correspondingly, otherwise, the blood osmotic pressure falls, so that the blood osmotic pressure can be measured according to the liquid level rise height.
The principle of testing the osmotic pressure of urine can also be represented by figure 1. The urine is separated from the water by the reverse osmosis membrane, and because the reverse osmosis membrane only allows water molecules to permeate, substances such as electrolyte, urea, saccharides and protein in the urine cannot reach the purified water side, so that a concentration difference is formed between the purified water side and the urine side. Water molecules on the purified water side enter the urine side through the reverse osmosis membrane, so that the liquid level on the urine side rises. The urine osmotic pressure is mainly composed of the crystal osmotic pressure, the colloid osmotic pressure is very small, and various electrolytes, urea, sugar and the like form the crystal osmotic pressure. Since normal urine contains very little protein and no blood cells, the resulting oncotic pressure is extremely low. Specifically, the normal osmotic pressure of urine crystal is about > 600mmoL/L, and the normal osmotic pressure of urine colloid is about < 1.3 mmoL/L.
When the contents of electrolytes, urea, saccharides and protein in urine are changed, the concentration of the urine is changed, and the amount of purified water entering the urine is increased or decreased, which is reflected in that the liquid level on the side of the urine rises or falls. The urine osmolarity can be measured from the elevation of the liquid level.
[ mathematical derivation ]
(I) mathematical derivation of blood osmolarity
The blood crystalloid osmotic pressure is mainly derived from the crystalloid substances dissolved therein, especially electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, glucose, etc., and normally is about 300 mmol/L. The plasma colloid osmotic pressure is mainly derived from glucose, plasma albumin, blood cells, etc., and the normal value is about 1.3 mmoL/L. The blood osmolality is therefore equal to the sum of the crystalloid osmolality and the colloid osmolality, i.e. the blood osmolality is crystalloid osmolality + colloid osmolality. Since the number of crystalline solutes is much greater than the number of colloids in plasma, the plasma osmolality is mainly constituted by the osmolality of the crystals. Generally, the blood osmotic pressure is less than 280mmol/L, the blood is hypotonic, the blood is normal in the range of 280-300-320, and the blood is hypertonic more than 320 mmol/L.
A known osmotic pressure calculation formula (van der pol formula) is shown in formula (1):
pi V-nRT or pi-cRT; (1)
wherein pi is the osmotic pressure of the dilute solution and the unit Pa; v is the volume of the solution in L; c is the concentration of the solution, and the unit mol/L; n is the amount of solute species in mol; t is 273K + TBlood circulationDEG C, t is the blood temperature; r is a gas constant with the unit of 8.314 J.mol-1·K-1。
For convenience, substituting the letter P for pi, the osmotic pressure formula is P ═ crt (pa).
The known calculation formula of the liquid pressure is shown as formula (2):
P＝ρgH(Pa) (2)
wherein g is gravity acceleration in the unit of m/s or Kg/N; rho is the liquid density in kg/m3(ii) a H is the height of the liquid level in m.
The known calculation formula of the blood osmotic pressure is shown as formula (3):
osmotic pressure of blood (Na)++K+) X 2+ BS + BUN (units are: mmol/L) (3)
Wherein, Na+Is the blood sodium concentration, K+Is the blood potassium concentration; BS (blood sugar) is the blood sugar value, and the normal person is 3.9-6.1 mmol/L; BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is urea nitrogen, and the normal amount is 1.78-7.14 mmol/L.
The blood osmolarity is the unit of concentration and can visually reflect the number of particles in the blood. The medical regulation expresses the blood osmotic pressure by mmol/L concentration.
In the invention, because the reverse osmosis membrane has selective permeability, water enters the blood side to cause the liquid level of the blood side to rise, and after the liquid level rises stably, the liquid level rise height is H. According to the liquid pressure formula, the pressure of the lifting liquid is P ═ rhoBlood circulationAnd gH. According to the theorem of osmotic pressure, the P value is the osmotic pressure of blood in Pa. Since the formula unit of blood osmolarity is mmol/L, it is a concentration unit, which is not uniform with the unit Pa, and it is converted to a uniform unit when compared. The transformation process is as follows:
actually reflecting the blood osmotic concentration c according to the blood osmotic pressure unit mmol/LBlood circulationCalculating the blood osmotic pressure according to the formula of Van-Secrep (P) cRTBlood circulation＝(Na++K+) Substituting x 2+ BS + BUN ═ mmol/L into fantasypu formula P ═ cRT, yielding formula (4):
blood osmolarity P ═ ((Na))++K+) X 2+ BS + BUN) R T, unit Pa (4)
Combining formula (2) with formula (4) to obtain: p ═ PBlood circulationgH＝((Na++K+) X 2+ BS + BUN) R T, the H value can be calculated, i.e. formula (5):
H＝((Na++K+)×2+BS+BUN)*RT/ρblood circulationg, unit m (5)
In the formula (5), the constants are R, g and T (T is 273+ T)Blood circulationTemperature, 273K > tBlood circulation，tBlood circulationIs the blood temperature, t in the experimentBlood circulationStable as much as possible, so T can be regarded as constant), ρBlood circulation(the normal blood density is 1.050-1.060, the pure water density is 1.000, the data difference is basically two-digit value change after decimal point, the change value has little influence on the calculation result, so rhoBlood circulationMay be considered constant). In the formula, the variable is Na+、K+、BS、BUN。
It can therefore be seen from equation (5): h value and ((Na)++K+) X 2+ BS + BUN) is linear. Na in blood+、K+The increase or decrease of the values of BS and BUN inevitably causes the height change of H, so that the device can measure the blood osmotic pressure.
When the scale on the surface of the graduated tube in the device of the present invention is made, the unit of the liquid level elevation H calculated by the formula (5) is m, which does not match the current blood osmolarity unit mmol/L, so when the graduated tube is marked, the value of H is converted into mmol/L unit. The conversion method comprises the following steps:
according to formula (2), formula (4) and formula (1), P ═ ρBlood circulationgH＝((Na++K+)×2+BS+BUN)*RT＝
cBlood circulationRT (Pa), so P ═ ρBlood circulationgH＝cBlood circulationRT to give formula (6):
osmotic pressure of blood cBlood circulation＝ρBlood circulationgH/RT (constants g, ρ)Blood circulationAnd RT; the variable is H) (6)
Height H and cBlood circulationAnd making scales of the graduated tube in one-to-one correspondence. The unit of the scale is mmol/L, and the blood osmotic pressure can be directly read from the scale tube.
(II) mathematical derivation of urine osmolarity
Similar to the osmotic pressure of blood, the osmotic pressure of urine (crystalloid osmotic pressure + colloid osmotic pressure (infinitesimal). Among them, various inorganic salts constitute the crystal osmotic pressure, which is mainly determined by the urine sodium concentration, as well as the urine potassium concentration, urine calcium concentration, urine magnesium concentration, and ketone body concentration. Urea concentration and urine sugar concentration etc. constitute the colloid osmotic pressure. The normal urine osmotic pressure is about more than 600mmol/L, the fluctuation of the normal urine osmotic pressure is large and can reach 40-1400 mmol/L, and the average urine osmotic pressure is 600-1000 mmol/L.
A known osmotic pressure calculation formula (vandalp formula) is shown as formula (1'):
pi V-nRT or pi-cRT; (1')
Wherein pi is the osmotic pressure of the dilute solution and the unit Pa; v is the volume of the solution in L; c is the concentration of the solution, and the unit mol/L; n is the amount of solute species in mol; t is 273K + TUrine collection deviceDEG C, t is the urine temperature; r is a gas constant with the unit of 8.314 J.mol-1·K-1。
For convenience, substituting the letter P for pi, the osmotic pressure formula is P ═ crt (pa).
The known calculation formula of the liquid pressure is shown as formula (2'):
P＝ρgH(Pa) (2’)
wherein g is gravity acceleration in the unit of m/s or Kg/N; rho is the liquid density in kg/m3(ii) a H is the height of the liquid level in m.
The known calculation formula of the urine osmotic pressure is shown as formula (3'):
osmotic pressure of urine ═ Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+) X 2+ US + BUN (units are: mmol/L) (3')
Wherein, Na+Is the urine sodium concentration, K+The urine potassium concentration, Ca2+In urine calcium concentration, Mg2+The urine magnesium concentration. The urine sodium value of a normal person is 154mmol/24h, the urine potassium value is 25-125 mmol/24h, the urine calcium value is 2.7-7.5 mmol/24h, and the urine magnesium value is 3.0-4.5 mmol/24 h.
U.S. Pat. No. (urea sugar) is the urine glucose value, which is < 0.28mmol/24 h.
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is urea nitrogen, and the fasting BUN value of normal people is 2.9-7.5 mmol/L.
The urine osmotic pressure is a concentration unit and can visually reflect the number of particles in the urine. The medical regulation expresses the urine osmotic pressure by mmol/L concentration.
In the invention, because the reverse osmosis membrane has selective permeability, water enters the urine side, the liquid level of the urine side rises, and after the liquid level rises stably, the liquid level rise height is H. According to the liquid pressure formula, the pressure of the lifting liquid is P ═ rhoUrine collection deviceAnd gH. According to the osmotic pressure theorem, the P value is the urine osmotic pressure in Pa. Since the urine osmolarity formula unit is mmol/L, which is a concentration unit, it is not uniform with the unit Pa, and it is converted to a uniform unit when comparing. The transformation process is as follows:
the urine osmotic concentration c is actually reflected by the urine osmotic pressure unit mmol/LUrine collection deviceCalculating the urine osmolarity according to equation c of van der pol (cRT)Urine collection device＝(Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+) X 2+ US + BUN ═ mmol/L into fantasypu formula P ═ cRT, yielding formula (4'):
urine osmotic pressure P ═ Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+) X 2+ US + BUN) R T, unit Pa (4')
Combining formula (2 ') with formula (4') to obtain: p ═ PUrine collection devicegH＝((Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+) X 2+ US + BUN) × R × T, the H value can be calculated, i.e. formula (5'):
H＝((Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+)×2+US+BUN)*RT/ρurine collection deviceg, unit m (5')
In the formula (5'), the constants are R, g and T (T is 273+ T)Urine collection deviceTemperature, 273K > tUrine collection device，tUrine collection deviceIs the temperature of urine, t in the experimentUrine collection deviceStable as much as possible, so T can be regarded as constant), ρUrine collection device(the density of normal urine is 1.010-1.025, the density of pure water is 1.000, the data difference is basically two-digit value change after decimal point, the change value has little influence on the calculation result, so rhoUrine collection deviceMay be considered constant). In the formula, the variable is Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、US、BUN。
It can thus be seen from formula (5'): h value and ((Na)++K++Ca2++Mg2+) X 2+ US + BUN) is linear. Na in urine+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+The increase or decrease of the numerical values of US and BUN inevitably causes the height change of H, so the device of the invention can measure the urine osmotic pressure.
When the scale on the surface of the graduated tube in the device is made, the unit of the liquid level rising height H calculated by the formula (5) is m, which does not accord with the existing urine osmotic pressure unit mmol/L, so when the graduated tube is marked, the value of H is converted into mmol/L unit. The conversion method comprises the following steps:
according to formula (2 '), formula (4 ') and formula (1 '),
P＝ρurine collection devicegH＝((Na++K++Ca2++Mg2+)×2+US+BUN)*RT＝cUrine collection deviceRT (Pa), so P ═ ρUrine collection devicegH＝cUrine collection deviceRT, yields formula (6'):
osmotic pressure of urine cUrine collection device＝ρUrine collection devicegH/RT (constants g, ρ)Urine collection deviceAnd RT; the variable is H) (6')
Height H and cUrine collection deviceAnd making scales of the graduated tube in one-to-one correspondence. The unit of the scale mark is mmol/L, and the urine osmotic pressure can be directly read from the scale mark pipe.
[ test device ]
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a device for testing the osmolarity of blood or urine. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the apparatus comprises a measuring tube 3 and a water box 2. Taking the test of the osmotic pressure of blood as an example, among others,
the measuring tube 3 includes a housing groove 31 and a scale tube 32. The accommodating groove 31 is a closed tube body, and is a closed space formed by a top surface, a bottom surface and at least one side surface. In the placement state shown in fig. 3, the projection of the receiving groove 31 in the vertical direction may be circular, triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, etc., and the rectangular receiving groove 31 is adopted in the embodiment of the present invention. The material of the side surface and the bottom surface of the holding tank 31 is reverse osmosis membrane for realizing the water permeation inside and outside the holding tank 31. The top surface of the receiving groove 31 is provided with an insertion hole 311 matched with the graduated tube 32 for inserting the graduated tube 32. Further, the housing tank 31 may include a rigid frame, and then a reverse osmosis membrane may be coated on the frame.
The graduated tube 32 is both ends opening and has the straight tube of scale, and its one end can be dismantled with the jack 311 of holding tank 31 top surface and be connected, and the other end is located outside holding tank 31, and graduated tube 32 communicates with the inner space of holding tank 31. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the scale tube 32 is detached when blood is injected into the housing groove 31, and the scale tube 32 is attached to the insertion hole 311 after the injection is completed.
As shown in fig. 2, the water box 2 is a closed box body, the top of the box body is provided with a socket 21 and an overflow hole 22, and the accommodating groove 31 can enter the socket 21 along the vertical direction. Before the test, the water cartridge 2 was filled with pure water in advance, and then the measuring tube 3 filled with blood was placed in the water cartridge 2, and pure water permeated into the holding tank 31 through the reverse osmosis membrane due to the difference in ion content between blood and pure water. It should be noted that the water box 2 can only contain pure water or deionized water, for example, ions or other impurities contained in water can change osmotic pressure, which affects the test result. In a non-use state, the cover film 24 can be arranged on the surface of the socket 21, and the seal heads (not shown in the figure) can be arranged on the surface of the overflow holes 22, so that the inner wall of the water box 2 is prevented from being polluted by the outside.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the water bucket 2 and the scale tube 32 are made of transparent materials for easy observation. Thus, when the water box 2 is filled with water, whether the water box is filled with water or not can be directly seen, and the rising height of the liquid level in the graduated tube 32 can also be directly seen.
Further, in order to make full use of the inner space of the water box 2 and the reverse osmosis membrane constituting the surface of the receiving tank 31, the height of the water box 2 is the same as that of the receiving tank 31. When the measuring tube 3 is placed in the water box 2, pure water can permeate through the reverse osmosis membrane on the surface of the accommodating groove 31, and the rising height of the liquid level can be directly observed from the graduated tube 32.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the water box 2 further includes a positioning groove 23, the positioning groove 23 is disposed on the inner surface of the bottom of the water box 2, and the positioning groove 23 matches with the lower end of the accommodating groove 31. As shown in fig. 5, after the receiving groove 31 enters the insertion opening 21 in the vertical direction, the lower end of the receiving groove 31 is inserted into the positioning groove 23 at the bottom of the water box 2, so as to prevent the deviation of the measuring tube 3 during the test process, which is not vertically located in the water box 2 and results in inaccurate results.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the scale 0 of the graduated tube 32 is located near one end of the accommodating groove 31 and at the same height as the top of the accommodating groove 31, and the scale value of the graduated tube 32 increases in a direction away from the accommodating groove 31. After the measuring tube 3 is placed in the water box 2, the blood level in the initial accommodating tank 31 is just at the 0 scale of the graduated tube 32. Since a pressure difference exists between the inside and the outside of the reverse osmosis membrane on the surface of the housing tank 31, pure water in the water box 2 enters the housing tank 31 through the reverse osmosis membrane, and the liquid level in the measurement tube 32 rises. Thus, for the same set of test apparatus, the scale value on the measuring tube 32 is equal to the liquid level rising height in the measuring tube 32, and zero-resetting calculation is not required.
Further, the test device further includes a pipette 4 for injecting blood into the holding tank 31. As shown in fig. 6, the straw 4 includes a tube body 41 and a rubber cap 42, which are integrally or separately disposed, the rubber cap 42 can suck liquid into the straw 4 in a squeezed state, and the outer diameter of the tube body 41 is smaller than the aperture of the insertion hole 311, so that the tube body 41 can completely enter the accommodating groove 31.
[ test method ]
The invention also relates to a method for rapid determination of the osmolarity of blood or urine, for example blood, using a device comprising the steps of:
(1) the anti-coagulation blood is sucked by the suction tube 4, and the holding tank 31 and the graduated tube 32 are in a separated state;
(2) the end of the suction tube 4 is inserted into the insertion hole 311, and the containing groove 31 is filled with anticoagulated blood;
(3) inserting the graduated tube 32 to make the blood liquid level in the accommodating groove 31 reach 0 graduation;
(4) filling purified water into the water box 2, removing the cover film 24 on the surface of the socket 21 and the seal heads on the surfaces of the overflow holes 22, enabling the accommodating groove 31 to enter the socket 21 along the vertical direction, clamping the lower end part of the accommodating groove 31 into the positioning groove 23 at the bottom of the water box 2, and overflowing excessive water in the water box 2 from the overflow holes 22;
(5) and standing the whole device for 5-10 min, and reading the scale value until the blood liquid level in the scale tube 32 does not rise any more, so as to obtain a measurement result.
In order to prevent the blood to be tested from coagulating during the test, it is necessary to perform anticoagulation treatment in advance. The anticoagulant is used in a manner that does not affect the blood concentration being measured, i.e., does not introduce excessive ions and moisture into the blood being measured. Heparin is selected as the first choice of usable anticoagulant, and the dosage is 10-12.5 IU/ml; and sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate (EDTA-2Na) which is prepared into an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 15% for storage, and is dried when in use, and the dosage is 1.2 mg/ml.
Referring to fig. 6, in order to improve the test accuracy, it is necessary to completely fill the holding tank 31 with blood. In the step (2), the tail end of the suction tube 4 can be inserted into the insertion hole 311, so that the tail end of the suction tube 4 is in contact with the bottom of the accommodating groove 31, then anticoagulant blood is injected into the accommodating groove 31, the suction tube 4 is pulled out before the filling, so that the tail end of the suction tube 4 is positioned above the accommodating groove 31, and then the accommodating groove 31 is filled with the anticoagulant blood.
The invention adopts standard blood to calibrate the graduated tube. Specifically, the blood can be tested by using the existing mature blood osmolarity measurement method (such as freezing point method) to obtain standard blood. And then the device provided by the invention is used for carrying out osmotic pressure test on the standard blood, the liquid level rising position in the graduated tube 32 is recorded, and scales are marked on the graduated tube 32 as follows:
the liquid level corresponding to the standard normal blood was recorded as 300 mmol/L.
The height of the liquid level corresponding to the standard hypotonic blood was recorded as 280 mmol/L.
The height of the corresponding liquid level of the standard hypertonic blood was recorded as 320 mmol/L.
The number of standard blood samples can be enlarged, for example, several times of standard blood samples are measured, and 240, 250, … …, 330, 340, 350mmol/L scales are marked on the graduated tube 32. During actual test, the blood osmotic pressure can be directly read according to the marking value and the liquid level height on the graduated tube 32, and the rapid measurement of the blood osmotic pressure is realized.
When the device is used to test the urine osmolarity, the present invention calibrates the graduated tube 32 with standard urine. Similar to the test of the osmotic pressure of blood, the urine can be tested by adopting the existing mature urine osmotic pressure determination method (such as a freezing point method) to obtain the standard urine. Then the device provided by the invention is used for carrying out osmotic pressure test on the standard urine, the liquid level rising position in the graduated tube 32 is recorded, and scales are marked on the graduated tube 32 as follows;
recording the corresponding liquid level height of the standard normal urine as 600-1000 mmol/L. (the maximum range of normal urine osmolarity is 40-L400 mmol/L, typically 600-1000 mmol/L)
The corresponding level of standard hypotonic urine was recorded as < 600 mmol/L.
The height of the standard hypertonic urine at the corresponding level was recorded as > 1000 mmol/L.
The number of standard urine can also be enlarged, for example, standard urine can be measured for several times, and scales of 300, 400, 500 … …, 1100, 1200, 1300mmol/L and the like are marked on the graduated tube. During actual test, the urine osmotic pressure can be directly read according to the marking value and the liquid level height on the graduated tube, and the rapid determination of the urine osmotic pressure is realized.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A device for testing the osmolarity of blood or urine, comprising a test tube and a water cartridge, wherein,
the measuring tube comprises a holding tank and a graduated tube, the holding tank is a closed tube body, a closed space is formed by a top surface, a bottom surface and at least one side surface, the side surface and the bottom surface are made of reverse osmosis membranes, the top surface is provided with an insertion hole matched with the graduated tube,
the graduated tube is a straight tube with openings at two ends and with scales, one end of the graduated tube is detachably connected with the jack at the top surface of the containing groove, the other end of the graduated tube is positioned outside the containing groove, the graduated tube is communicated with the inner space of the containing groove,
the water box is a closed box body, the top of the water box is provided with a socket and an overflow hole, and the accommodating groove can enter the socket along the vertical direction.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water box and the graduated tube are made of a transparent material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water box is the same height as the receiving tank.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the water box further comprises a positioning groove, the positioning groove is arranged on the inner surface of the bottom of the water box, and the positioning groove is matched with the lower end of the accommodating groove.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scale 0 of the graduated tube is located near one end of the receiving groove and at the same height as the top of the receiving groove, and the graduated tube has a scale value that increases in a direction away from the receiving groove.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein in a non-use state, the socket surface is provided with a cover film, and the overflow hole surface is provided with a seal head.
7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a straw for injecting blood or urine into the receiving reservoir;
preferably, the straw comprises a pipe body and a rubber cap which are integrally or separately arranged, the rubber cap can suck liquid into the straw in a squeezing state, and the outer diameter of the pipe body is smaller than the aperture of the insertion hole.
8. A method for rapid determination of the osmolarity of blood or urine, using a device according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) the blood or urine is sucked by the suction tube, and the holding tank and the graduated tube are in a separated state;
(2) the tail end of the suction pipe is inserted into the jack, and the holding tank is filled with blood or urine;
(3) inserting a graduated tube to enable the liquid level in the accommodating tank to reach the 0-graduation position;
(4) filling purified water into the water box, removing the cover film on the surface of the socket and the seal heads on the surface of the overflow holes, enabling the accommodating tank to enter the socket along the vertical direction, clamping the lower end part of the accommodating tank into the positioning groove at the bottom of the water box, and enabling redundant water in the water box to overflow from the overflow holes;
(5) and standing the whole device for 5-10 min, and reading the scale value until the liquid level in the scale pipe does not rise any more, so as to obtain a measurement result.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the tip of the pipette is inserted into the insertion hole, the tip of the pipette is brought into contact with the bottom of the holding tank, then blood or urine is filled into the holding tank, the pipette is pulled out before filling so that the tip of the pipette is positioned above the holding tank, and then blood or urine is filled into the holding tank.
10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the blood is anticoagulated blood.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910801323.3A CN110618062B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Device and method for testing osmotic pressure of blood or urine |
| AU2019101118A AU2019101118A4 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-09-26 | Device and method for testing blood or urine osmotic pressure |
| BE20195995A BE1027211B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-12-27 | Blood or urine osmotic pressure test device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910801323.3A CN110618062B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Device and method for testing osmotic pressure of blood or urine |
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| CN110618062A true CN110618062A (en) | 2019-12-27 |
| CN110618062B CN110618062B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
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| CN (1) | CN110618062B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2019101118A4 (en) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114534807A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江三龙催化剂有限公司 | A experiment cup for detecting chemical solution concentration |
| CN117481629A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-02 | 成都水木医疗科技有限公司 | Multifunctional colloid osmotic pressure instrument and measuring method and application thereof |
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| JPS5492392A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1979-07-21 | Toa Medical Electronics | Apparatus for measuring osmotic pressure resistance of blood corpuscle |
| JP2009222541A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-10-01 | Dkk Toa Corp | Osmotic pressure measuring method and instrument by freezing point depressing method |
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| CN206399770U (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-08-11 | 成都长惠科技有限公司 | A kind of solution osmolarity measuring instrument |
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2019
- 2019-08-28 CN CN201910801323.3A patent/CN110618062B/en active Active
- 2019-09-26 AU AU2019101118A patent/AU2019101118A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-27 BE BE20195995A patent/BE1027211B1/en active IP Right Grant
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| JPS5492392A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1979-07-21 | Toa Medical Electronics | Apparatus for measuring osmotic pressure resistance of blood corpuscle |
| JP2009222541A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-10-01 | Dkk Toa Corp | Osmotic pressure measuring method and instrument by freezing point depressing method |
| CN101858845A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-10-13 | 徐州工程学院 | Direct-reading osmotic pressure tester and osmotic pressure testing method |
| CN103842004A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2014-06-04 | 美敦力公司 | Dual flow sorbent cartridge |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114534807A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江三龙催化剂有限公司 | A experiment cup for detecting chemical solution concentration |
| CN117481629A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-02 | 成都水木医疗科技有限公司 | Multifunctional colloid osmotic pressure instrument and measuring method and application thereof |
| CN117481629B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-26 | 成都水木医疗科技有限公司 | Multifunctional colloid osmotic pressure instrument and measuring method and application thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110618062B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
| AU2019101118A4 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
| BE1027211A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
| BE1027211B1 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
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