AU7649700A - Biphenyl derivatives used as nhe-3 inhibitors - Google Patents

Description

WO 01/21582 PCT/EPOO/08616 Biphenyl derivatives as NHE-3 inhibitors The invention relates to compounds of the formula I

R

1 .- R5 R 2 X R 3 5 in which RI , R4 in each case independently of one another are 10 -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by -COA, -CO-[C(R )2]n-Ar, -COOA, -OH or by a conventional amino protective group, NH-C (=NH) -NH 2 , -CO-N=C (NH 2 ) 2, 15 { N, {0 N-0 HN 0 or N$ O CH 3 R 2, R , R5 in each case independently of one another are H, A, OR6, N(R 6

)

2 , NO 2 , CN, Hal, NHCOA, NHCOAr, NHSO 2 A, NHSO 2 Ar, COOR 6 , CON (R 6 ) 2 , 20 CONHAr, COR 6 , COAr, S(O)nA, S(O)nAr, -0-[C(R 6 ) 21m-COOR', -[C(R6 ) 2 ] p-COOR , -0-[C(R 6 ) 2 m-CON(R 6 ) 2 , -(C(R 6 ) 21p-CON (R 6 ) 2 , -0-[C(R 6 ) 2 ]m-CONHAr or - [C (R 6 ) 2 ]p-CONHAr, 25 X is - [C (R ) 2]n-, -CR 6

=CR

6 -, - C (R) 2] n-0-,

-O-[C(R

6

)

2 1n-, -COO-, -OOC-, -CONR6_ or

-NR

6 CO-, R16 is H, A or benzyl, 30 - 2 A is alkyl having 1-20 C atoms, in which one or two CH 2 groups can be replaced by 0 or S atoms or by -CR 6

=CR

6 - groups and/or 1-7 H atoms can be replaced by F, 5 Ar is phenyl or naphthyl, which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, Ar',

OR

6 , OAr', N(R6) 2 , NO 2 , CN, Hal, NHCOA, NHCOAr', NHSO 2 A, NHSO 2 Ar', COOR 6 , CON (R) 2 , 10 CONHAr', COR 6 , COAr' , S (O) nA or S (0),Ar' , Ar' is phenyl or naphthyl, which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, OR6

N(R

6

)

2 , NO 2 , CN, Hal, NHCOA, COOR, CON(R 6 )2, 15 COR 6 or S (O) A, Hal is F, Cl, Br or I, n is 0, 1 or 2, 20 m is 1 or 2, p is 1 or 2, 25 and their salts and solvates as NHE-3 inhibitors. Other inhibitors of the sodium/proton exchanger subtype 3 are described, for example, in EP 0 825 178. 30 The invention was based on the object of finding novel compounds having valuable properties, in particular those which can be used for the production of medicaments. 35 DE 19819548 describes that the compounds of the formula I and their salts have factor Xa-inhibiting properties and can therefore be employed for the control and prevention of thromboembolic disorders such - 3 as thrombosis, myocardial infarct, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, apoplexy, angina pectoris, restenosis after angioplasty and intermittent claudication. 5 Surprisingly, it has been found that the compounds of the formula I and their salts inhibit the sodium/proton exchanger subtype 3 and have good tolerability. The compounds of the formula I can be employed as pharmaceutical active compounds in human and veterinary 10 medicine. It is known that the Na'/H* exchanger is a family having at least 6 different isoforms (NHE-1 to NHE-6), which have now all been cloned. While the subtype NHE-1 is 15 distributed ubiquitously in all tissues in the whole body, the other NHE subtypes are expressed selectively in specific organs such as in the kidney or in the lumen wall and contraluminal wall of the small intestine. This distribution reflects the specific 20 functions served by the various isoforms, namely on the one hand the regulation of the intracellular pH and of the cell volume by the subtype NHE-1 and on the other hand the Na+ absorption and reabsorption in the intestine and kidney by the isoforms NHE-2 and NHE-3. 25 The isoform NHE-4 was mainly found in the stomach. The expression of NHE-5 is restricted to the brain and neuronal tissue. NHE-6 is the isoform which forms the sodium proton exchanger in the mitochrondria. 30 The isoform NHE-3 is expressed in particular in the apical membrane of the proximal renal tubuli; an NHE-3 inhibitor therefore exerts, inter alia, a renal protective action. 35 The therapeutic use of a selective inhibitor for NHE-3 isoforms is varied. NHE-3 inhibitors inhibit or reduce tissue damage and cell necroses after pathophysio logical hypoxic and ischemic events which lead to an activation of the NHE activity, such as is the case during renal ischemia or during the removal, transport and reperfusion of a kidney in kidney transplantation. 5 The compounds of the formula I have a hypotensive action and are suitable as pharmaceutical active compounds for the treatment of hypertension. They are furthermore suitable as diuretics. The compounds of the formula I have an anti-ischemic 10 action on their own or in combination with NHE inhibitors of different subtype specificity and can be used in thromboses, atherosclerosis, vasospasms, for the protection of organs, e.g. the kidney and liver, before and during operations, as well as chronic or 15 acute kidney failure. They can furthermore be used for the treatment of stroke, of cerebral edema, ischemia of the nervous system, various forms of shock as well as for improving the respiratory drive in, for example, the following 20 conditions: central sleep apnea, sudden infant death, post-operative hypoxia and other respiratory disorders. The respiratory activity can be further improved by combination with a carboanhydrase inhibitor. The compounds of the formula I have an inhibitory 25 action on the proliferation of cells, for example fibroblast cell proliferation and the proliferation of smooth vascular muscle cells and can therefore be used for the treatment of diseases in which cell proliferation is a primary or secondary cause. 30 The compounds of the formula I can be used against diabetic late complications, carcinomatous disorders, fibrotic disorders, endothelial dysfunction, organ hypertrophy and hyperplasia, in particular in prostate hyperplasia or prostate hypertrophy. 35 They are further suitable as diagnostics for the determination and differentiation of certain forms of hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and proliferative disorders.

- 5 Since the compounds of the formula I also advantageously influence the level of the serum lipoproteins, they can be employed on their own or in combination with other medicaments for the treatment of 5 an increased blood fat level. The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 and their physio logically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the 10 production of a medicament for the treatment of thromboses, ischemic conditions of the heart, of the peripheral and central nervous system and of stroke, ischemic conditions of peripheral organs and limbs and for the treatment of states of shock. 15 The invention further relates to the use of compounds of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 and their physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for use in surgical 20 operations and organ transplantation and for the preservation and storage of transplants for surgical measures. The invention also relates to the use of compounds of 25 the formula I as claimed in claim 1 and their physio logically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for the treatment of diseases in which cell proliferation is a primary or secondary cause, for the treatment or prophylaxis of 30 disorders of the lipid metabolism or disturbed respiratory drive. The invention further relates to the use of compounds of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 and their 35 physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for the treatment of ischemic kidney, ischemic intestinal disorders or for the prophylaxis of acute or chronic kidney disorders.

- 6 Methods for the identification of substances which inhibit the sodium/proton exchanger subtype 3 are described, for example, in US 5,871,919. 5 For all radicals in the compounds of the formula I which occur a number of times, such as, for example, R 6, it is a condition that their meanings are independent of one another. 10 Hydrates and solvates are understood as meaning, for example, the hemi-, mono- or dihydrates, solvates are understood as meaning, for example, alcohol addition compounds such as, for example, with methanol or ethanol. 15 In the above formulae, A is alkyl, is linear or branched, and has 1 to 20, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 C atoms. A is preferably methyl, furthermore ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, 20 sec-butyl or tert-butyl, furthermore also pentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-dimethyipropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-, 1,2-, 1,3-, 2,2-, 2,3- or 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1 or 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, 1-ethyl 25 2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2- or 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl or decyl. A is furthermore, for example, trifluoromethyl, penta fluoroethyl, allyl or crotyl. 30 COR 6 is acyl and is preferably formyl, acetyl, propionyl, furthermore also butyryl, pentanoyl or hexanoyl.

COOR

6 is preferably methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl or butoxycarbonyl. 35 Hal is preferably F, Cl or Br, but also I. R 2, R3 and R 5 are, in each case independently of one - 7 another, preferably H, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, nitro, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethyl amino, acetamido, sulfonamido, methylsulfonamido, 5 phenylsulfonamido, methylthio, ethylthio, methyl sulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl, phenylsulfonyl, cyano, carboxyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carboxymethoxy, methoxycarbonylmethoxy, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl 10 methyl, aminocarbonylmethoxy, aminocarbonylmethyl, N-phenylaminocarbonylmethoxy, N-phenylaminocarbonyl methyl, furthermore also acyl or benzoyl. In particular,

R

2 , R 5 are H. R3 is, in particular, for example, H, COOA or 15 -OCH 2 COOR 6, where R 6 is H or alkyl having 1-4 C atoms. R6 is H, A or benzyl, but in particular H or alkyl having 1-4 C atoms. X is preferably, for example,

-CH

2 -, -CH=CH-,

-CH

2 0-, 20 -0-CH 2 -, -COO-, -00C-, -CONH- or -NHCO-; -CH 2 0-, -O-CH 2 or -CH 2

-CH

2 - is very particularly preferred. Ar is preferably unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl, furthermore preferably, for example, phenyl or 25 naphthyl, which is mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, benzyloxy, phenethyloxy, methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethyl 30 sulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl, phenylsulfonyl, nitro, amino, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, formamido, acetamido, propionylamino, butyrylamino, methylsulfonamido, ethylsulfonamido, propylsulfonamido, butylsulfonamido, phenylsulfonamido, (4-methylphenyl) 35 sulfonamido, carboxymethoxy, carboxyethoxy, methoxy carbonylmethoxy, methoxycarbonylethoxy, hydroxymethoxy, hydroxyethoxy, methoxyethoxy, carboxyl, methoxy carbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, cyano, phenylaminocarbonyl, - 8 acyl or benzoyl, furthermore also biphenyl. Ar is therefore preferably, for example, o-, m- or p-tolyl, o-, m- or p-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propyl 5 phenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl, o-, m- or p-tert butylphenyl, o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-nitrophenyl, o-, m- or p-aminophenyl, o-, m- or p-(N-methylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or p-acetamidophenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-ethoxyphenyl, 10 o-, m- or p-carboxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxy carbonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or p-(N-ethylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or p-(N,N-di ethylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or p-acetylphenyl, o-, m- or p-formylphenyl, o-, m- or p-fluorophenyl, o-, m- or 15 p-bromophenyl, o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl, o-, m- or p-methylsulfonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-(phenylsulfon amido)phenyl, o-, m- or p-(methylsulfonamido)phenyl, o-, m- or p-methylthiophenyl, furthermore preferably 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-difluorophenyl, 20 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-dibromophenyl, 2,4 or 2

,

5 -dinitrophenyl, 2,5- or 3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-nitro-4-chlorophenyl, 3-amino-4-chloro-, 2-amino 3-chloro-, 2-amino-4-chloro-, 2 -amino-5-chloro- or 25 2-amino-6-chlorophenyl, 2 -nitro-4-N,N-dimethylamino- or 3 -nitro-4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl, 2,3-diaminophenyl, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,6- or 3 ,4,5-trichloro phenyl, 2,4, 6 -trimethoxyphenyl, 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichloro phenyl, p-iodophenyl, 3,6-dichloro-4-aminophenyl, 30 4-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 2 -fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 2,5-difluoro-4-bromophenyl, 3 -bromo-6-methoxyphenyl, 3 -chloro-6-methoxyphenyl, 3 -chloro-4-acetamidophenyl, 3 -fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3 -amino-6-methylphenyl, 3-chloro-4-acetamidophenyl or 2,5-dimethyl-4-chloro 35 phenyl. Ar' is in particular, for example, phenyl or naphthyl, furthermore preferably, for example, o-, m- or p-tolyl, - 9 o-, m- or p-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propylphenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl, o-, m- or p-tert-butylphenyl, o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-nitrophenyl, o-, m- or p-aminophenyl, o-, m- or p-(N-methylamino)phenyl, 5 o-, m- or p-acetamidophenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-ethoxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-carboxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxycarbonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-(N,N-di methylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or p-(N-ethylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or p-(N,N-diethylamino)phenyl, o-, m- or 10 p-acetylphenyl, o-, m- or p-formylphenyl, o-, m- or p-fluorophenyl, o-, m- or p-bromophenyl, o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl or o-, m- or p-methylsulfonylphenyl. Accordingly, the invention relates in particular to the 15 use of those compounds of the formula I in which at least one of the radicals mentioned has one of the preferred meanings indicated above. Some preferred groups of compounds can be expressed by the following subformulae Ia to Ii, which correspond to the formula I 20 and in which the radicals not designated in greater detail have the meaning indicated in the formula I, but in which in Ia R , 4 in each case independently of one 25 another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C

(NH

2 ) 2; in Ib R , R are H; in Ic R , R4 in each case independently of one 30 another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C

(NH

2 ) 2,

R

2 , R 5 are E and R3 is H or COOR6; 35 in Id R , R4 in each case independently of one another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C

(NH

2 ) 2, - 10 R2, R5 are H and

R

3 is H, COOR 6 or -0- (CH 2 )COOR ; in Ie X is -CH 2 -0- or -0-CH 2 -; in If R', R 4 in each case independently of one 5 another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C (NH 2 ) 2,

R

2 , R 5 are H,

R

3 is H or COOR 6 and 10 X is -CH 2 -0- or -0-CH 2 -; in Ig Ri, R 4 in each case independently of one another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C

(NH

2 ) 2, 15 R2, R are H,

R

3 is H, COOR 6 or -O-(CH 2

)COOR

6 , and X is -CH 2 -0-, -0-CH 2 - or -CH 2

-CH

2 -; in Ih R', R 4 in each case independently of one another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also 20 be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C

(NH

2 ) 2,

R

2 , R 5 are H, R3 is H, COOR , -O-CH 2 -COOR , CH 2 -COOR',

-O-CH

2 -CON (R6) 2,

CH

2 -CON (R 6 ) 2 , 25 -O-CH 2 -CONHAr or CH 2 -CONHAr, X is -CH 2 -0-, -0-CH 2 - or -CH 2

-CH

2 -, R is H or A, A is alkyl having 1-4 C atoms; in Ii Ri, R4 in each case independently of one 30 another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by OH or -CO-N=C

(NH

2 ) 2, R 2, R5 are H, R3 is H, COOR , -0-CH 2 -COOR , CH 2 -COOR6 35 -0-CH 2 -CON (R 6 ) 2 or CH 2 -CON (R) 2, X is -CH 2 -0-, -0-CH 2 - or -CH 2

-CH

2 -, R6 is H or A, A is alkyl having 1-4 C atoms.

- 11 The compounds of the formula I and also the starting substances for their preparation are otherwise prepared by methods known per se, such as are described in the literature (e.g. in the standard works such as 5 Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), namely under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the reactions mentioned. Use can also be made in this case of variants which are known per se, 10 but not mentioned here in greater detail. If desired, the starting substances can also be formed in situ such that they are not isolated from the reaction mixture, but are immediately reacted further 15 to give the compounds of the formula I. Compounds of the formula I can preferably be obtained by liberating compounds of the formula I from one of their functional derivatives by treating them with a 20 solvolyzing or hydrogenolyzing agent. Preferred starting substances for the solvolysis or hydrogenolysis are those which otherwise correspond to the formula I, but instead of one or more free amino 25 and/or hydroxyl groups contain corresponding protected amino and/or hydroxyl groups, preferably those which, instead of an H atom which is bonded to an N atom, carry an amino protective group, in particular those which, instead of an HN group, carry an R'-N- group, in 30 which R' is an amino protective group, and/or those which, instead of the H atom of a hydroxyl group, carry a hydroxyl protective group, e.g. those which correspond to the formula I, but instead of a group -COOH carry a group -COOR" in which R" is a hydroxyl 35 protective group. Preferred starting substances are also the oxadiazole derivatives which can be converted into the corresponding amidino compounds.

- 12 The introduction of the oxadiazole group is carried out, for example, by reaction of the cyano compounds with hydroxylamine and reaction with phosgene, dialkyl carbonate, chloroformic acid ester, N,N'-carbonyl 5 diimidazole or acetic anhydride. It is also possible for a number of - identical or different - protected amino and/or hydroxyl groups to be present in the molecule of the starting substance. 10 If the protective groups present are different from one another, in many cases they can be removed selectively. The expression "amino protective group" is generally known and relates to groups which are suitable for 15 protecting (or blocking) an amino group from chemical reactions, but which are easily removable after the desired chemical reaction has been carried out at other positions in the molecule. Typical groups of this type are in particular unsubstituted or substituted acyl, 20 aryl, aralkoxymethyl or aralkyl groups. Since the amino protective groups are removed after the desired reaction (or reaction sequence), their size and nature are otherwise not critical; however, those having 1-20, in particular 1-8, C atoms are preferred. The 25 expression "acyl group" is to be interpreted in the widest sense in connection with the present process. It includes acyl groups derived from aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, and, in particular, alkoxycarbonyl, 30 aryloxycarbonyl and especially aralkoxycarbonyl groups. Examples of acyl groups of this type are alkanoyl such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl; aralkanoyl such as phenylacetyl; aroyl such as benzoyl or toluyl; aryloxy alkanoyl such as POA; alkoxycarbonyl such as methoxy 35 carbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy carbonyl, BOC (tert-butyloxycarbonyl), 2-iodoethoxy carbonyl; aralkyloxycarbonyl such as CBZ ("carbo benzoxy"), 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, FMOC; aryl- - 13 sulfonyl such as Mtr. Preferred amino protective groups are BOC and Mtr, furthermore CBZ, Fmoc, benzyl and acetyl. 5 The expression "hydroxyl protective group" is likewise generally known and relates to groups which are suitable for protecting a hydroxyl group from chemical reactions, but which are easily removable after the desired chemical reaction has been carried out at other 10 positions in the molecule. Typical groups of this type are the abovementioned unsubstituted or substituted aryl, aralkyl or acyl groups, furthermore also alkyl groups. The nature and size of the hydroxyl protective groups are not critical, as they are removed again 15 after the desired chemical reaction or reaction sequence; groups having 1-20, in particular 1-10, C atoms are preferred. Examples of hydroxyl protective groups are, inter alia, benzyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, tert-butyl and acetyl, benzyl and 20 tert-butyl being particularly preferred. The liberation of the compounds of the formula I from their functional derivatives is carried out - depending on the protective group used - for example using strong 25 acids, expediently using TFA or perchloric acid, but also using other strong inorganic acids such as hydro chloric acid or sulfuric acid, strong organic carboxylic acids such as trichloroacetic acid or sulfonic acids such as benzene- or p-toluenesulfonic 30 acid. The presence of an additional inert solvent is possible, but not always necessary. Suitable inert solvents are preferably organic solvents, for example carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, amides such as DMF, 35 halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, furthermore also alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, and also water. In addition, mixtures of the abovementioned solvents are possible. TFA is - 14 preferably used in an excess without addition of a further solvent, perchloric acid in the form of a mixture of acetic acid and 70% perchloric acid in the ratio 9:1. The reaction temperatures for the cleavage 5 are expediently between approximately 0 and approximately 50*; the reaction is preferably carried out between 15 and 300 (room temperature). The groups BOC, OBut and Mtr can preferably be removed, 10 for example, using TFA in dichioromethane or using approximately 3 to 5 N HCl in dioxane at 15-300; the Fmoc group using an approximately 5 to 50% solution of dimethylamine, diethylamine or piperidine in DMF at 15-30*. 15 Hydrogenolytically removable protective groups (e.g. CBZ, benzyl or the liberation of the amidino group from its oxadiazole derivative) can be removed, for example, by treating with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst 20 (e.g. of a noble metal catalyst such as palladium, expediently on a support such as carbon or such as moist Raney nickel with addition of, for example, acetic acid). Suitable solvents here are those indicated above, in particular, for example, alcohols 25 such as methanol or ethanol or amides such as DMF. As a rule, the hydrogenolysis is carried out at temperatures between approximately 0 and 100* and pressures between approximately 1 and 200 bar, preferably at 20-30* and 1-10 bar. Hydrogenolysis of the CBZ group is readily 30 carried out, for example, on 5 to 10% Pd/C in methanol or on Pd/C in methanol/DMF at 20-30* using ammonium formate (instead of hydrogen). Compounds of the formula I in which R 1 and R 4 are 35 -C(=NH)-NH 2 can preferably be obtained from the corresponding cyano compound. A cyano group is converted into an amidino group by reaction with, for example, hydroxylamine and - 15 subsequent reduction of the N-hydroxyamidine with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as, for example, Pd/C or Raney nickel. For the preparation of an amidine of the formula I 5 (R 1 = -C(=NH)-NH 2 ), it is also possible to add ammonia to a nitrile of the formula I (R1 = CN) . The addition is preferably carried out in a number of stages by, in a manner known per se, a) converting the nitrile using

H

2 S into a thioamide which is converted using an 10 alkylating agent, e.g. CH 3 I, into the corresponding S-alkyl imidothioester, which for its part reacts with

NH

3 to give the amidine, b) converting the nitrile using an alcohol, e.g. ethanol in the presence of HC1, into the corresponding imidoester and treating this 15 with ammonia, or c) reacting the nitrile with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and then hydrolyzing the product. Preparation of the cyano compounds is carried out by 20 methods known per se. Compounds of the formula I in which R' and R 4 are

-CON(=NH)-NH

2 can preferably be obtained from the corresponding alkoxycarbonyl compounds by reacting with 25 guanidine. It is furthermore possible to convert a compound of the formula I into another compound of the formula I by converting one or more radicals R1, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and/or R 5 30 into one or more radicals R1, R 2, R 3, R4 and/or R5, e.g. by acylating an amino group or reducing nitro groups to amino groups (for example by hydrogenation on Raney nickel or Pd/carbon in an inert solvent such as methanol or ethanol). 35 Esters can be hydrolysed, for example, with acetic acid or with NaOH or KOH in water, water/THF or water/ dioxane at temperatures between 0 and 1000.

- 16 It is further possible to acylate free amino groups in a customary manner using an acid chloride or anhydride or to alkylate them using an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl halide, expediently in an inert 5 solvent such as dichloromethane or THF and/or in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or pyridine at temperatures between -60 and +30*. As a rule, the reaction is carried out in an inert 10 solvent, in the presence of an acid-binding agent, preferably of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate or of another salt of a weak acid of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, preferably of potassium, sodium, calcium or cesium. The 15 addition of an organic base such as triethylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine or quinoline or an excess of the amine component of the formula II or of the alkylating derivative of the formula III can also be favorable. Depending on the conditions used, the 20 reaction time is between a few minutes and 14 days, the reaction temperature between approximately 0* and 150*, normally between 200 and 1300. Suitable inert solvents are, for example, hydrocarbons 25 such as hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene or xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloro ethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform or dichloromethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol 30 or tert-butanol; ethers such as diethyl ether, diiso propyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether (methyl glycol or ethyl glycol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); ketones such as acetone or 35 butanone; amides such as acetamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethylformamide (DMF); nitriles such as acetonitrile; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); carbon disulfide; carboxylic - 17 acids such as formic acid or acetic acid; nitro compounds such as nitromethane or nitrobenzene; esters such as ethyl acetate or mixtures of the solvents mentioned. 5 A base of the formula I can be converted with an acid into the associated acid addition salt, for example by reaction of equivalent amounts of the base and of the acid in an inert solvent such as ethanol and subsequent 10 evaporation. Suitable acids for this reaction are in particular those which yield physiologically acceptable salts. Thus inorganic acids can be used, e.g. sulfuric acid, nitric acid, halohydric acids such as hydro chloric acid or hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acids such 15 as orthophosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, furthermore organic acids, in particular aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic mono- or poly basic carboxylic, sulfonic or sulfuric acids, e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid, 20 diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid, methane- or ethanesulfonic acid, ethanedisulfonic acid, 25 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenemono- and -disulfonic acids and laurylsulfuric acid. Salts with physiologically unacceptable acids, e.g. picrates, can be used for the isolation and/or purification of the 30 compounds of the formula I. On the other hand, compounds of the formula I can be converted into the corresponding metal salts, in particular alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal 35 salts, or into the corresponding ammonium salts using bases (e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide or carbonate). Physiologically acceptable organic bases, such as, for - 18 example, ethanolamine, can also be used. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I as NHE-3 inhibitors and/or 5 their physiologically acceptable salts for the production of pharmaceutical preparations, in particular by a non-chemical route. In this context, they can be brought into a suitable dose form together with at least one solid, liquid and/or semi-liquid 10 vehicle or excipient and if appropriate in combination with one or more further active compounds. The invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical preparations comprising at least one NHE-3 inhibitor of 15 the formula I and/or one of its physiologically acceptable salts and solvates. These preparations can be used as medicaments in human or veterinary medicine. Possible vehicles are organic 20 or inorganic substances which are suitable for enteral (e.g. oral) or parenteral administration or topical application and do not react with the novel compounds, for example water, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, alkylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, glycerol 25 triacetate, gelatin, carbohydrates such as lactose or starch, magnesium stearate, talc and petroleum jelly. In particular, tablets, pills, coated tablets, capsules, powders, granules, syrups, juices or drops are used for oral administration, suppositories are 30 used for rectal administration, solutions, preferably oily or aqueous solutions, furthermore suspensions, emulsions or implants, are used for parenteral administration and ointments, creams or powders are used for topical application, or transdermally in 35 patches. The novel compounds can also be lyophilized and the lyophilizates obtained can be used, for example, for the production of injection preparations. The - 19 preparations indicated can be sterilized and/or can contain excipients such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers and/or wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing the osmotic pressure, buffer 5 substances, colorants, flavorings and/or [lacuna] more further active compounds, e.g. one or more vitamins. Pharmaceutical preparations which are suitable for administration in the form of aerosols or sprays are, for example, solutions, suspensions or emulsions of the 10 active compound of the formula I in a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. The compounds of the formula I and their physio logically acceptable salts and solvates can be used for 15 the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the diseases or disease conditions indicated above. In this context, the substances according to the invention are as a rule preferably administered in 20 doses between approximately 0.1 and 100 mg, in particular between 1 and 10 mg, per dose unit. The daily dose is preferably between approximately 0.001 and 10 mg/kg of body weight. The specific dose for each patient, however, depends on all sorts of factors, for 25 example on the efficacy of the specific compound employed, on the age, body weight, general state of health, sex, on the diet, on the time and route of administration, on the excretion rate, pharmaceutical combination and severity of the particular disorder to 30 which the therapy applies. Oral administration is preferred. Above and below, all temperatures are indicated in "C. In the following examples, "customary working up" 35 means: if appropriate, water is added, the mixture is adjusted, if necessary, depending on the constitution of the final product, to a pH of between 2 and 10 and extracted with ethyl acetate or dichloromethane, the - 20 organic phase is separated off, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated, and the residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel and/or by crystallization. Mass spectrometry (MS): EI (electron impact ionization) M* 5 FAB (fast atom bombardment) (M+H)* Example 1 A solution of 2.06 g of 3-bromobenzonitrile and 1.50 g 10 of 3-tolylboronic acid in 50 ml of dimethoxyethane is treated with 247 mg of palladium(II) acetate, 335 mg of tri-o-tolylphosphine, 20 ml of water and 954 mg of anhydrous sodium carbonate and heated at 100 0 C for 18 hours with stirring. The mixture is worked up in the 15 customary manner, the residue is chromatographed on a silica gel column using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1 and 3 '-methylbiphenyl-3-carbonitrile is obtained as a colorless solid ("A"), EI 193. A solution of 1.17 g of "A" in 10 ml of carbon tetra 20 chloride is treated with 1.09 g of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 60 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile and heated at 70'C for 18 hours. It is worked up in the customary manner, the residue is chromatographed on a silica gel column using petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1 and 25 3'-bromomethylbiphenyl-3-carbonitrile is obtained as a colorless solid ("B"). A solution of 500 mg of "B" and 238 mg of 3-hydroxy benzonitrile in 10 ml of acetonitrile is treated with 652 mg of cesium carbonate and stirred at room 30 temperature for 40 hours. After customary working up, the residue is chromatographed on a reversed-phase column using acetonitrile/water 65:35. 3'- ( 3 -Cyanophenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-carbonitrile ("C") is obtained as a colorless solid, FAB 311. 35 A solution of 90 mg of "C" and 125 mg of hydroxyl ammonium chloride in 10 ml of ethanol is treated with 1.2 g of polymer-bound dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The polymer - 21 is filtered off, the solvent is removed and N-hydroxy 3'-[3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenoxymethyl]biphenyl 3-carboxamidine ("D") is obtained as a colorless solid, FAB 377. 5 A solution of 76 mg of "D" in 10 ml of methanol is treated with 100 mg of water-moist Raney nickel and 30 mg of acetic acid and hydrogenated at room temperature and normal pressure for 18 hours. The catalyst is filtered off, the solvent is removed and 10 3'-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-carbox amidine, acetate, is obtained, EI 327 (M+ - NH 3 ), 310 (M* - 2 NH 3 ) HN OC NH2 NH2 NH 15 The following compounds are obtained analogously 3'-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-4-car boxamidine, diacetate, FAB 345; 3'-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-4-car 20 boxamidine, diacetate, FAB 345; 3'-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-car boxamidine, diacetate, FAB 345; 4'-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-4-car boxamidine, 25 4'- (4-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-car boxamidine, 4'-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-car boxamidine and 4'-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-4-car 30 boxamidine. Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, the compound 3'-methoxy 35 biphenyl-3-carbonitrile is obtained by reaction of - 22 3-bromobenzonitrile with 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid. By subsequent ether cleavage using aluminum triiodide in acetonitrile and reaction with 3-bromomethylbenzo nitrile, 3'-(3-cyanobenzyloxy)biphenyl-3-carbonitrile 5 is obtained. By reaction with hydroxylamine and reduction with hydrogen under Ra Ni catalysis, 3'-(3-carbamimidoyl benzoyloxy)biphenyl-3-carboxamidine is obtained HN 0 NH 2 NH2 NH 10 The following are obtained analogously 4'-(4-carbamimidoylbenzyloxy)biphenyl-4-carboxamidine, 15 diacetate, FAB 345; 4'-(3-carbamimidoylbenzyloxy)biphenyl-4-carboxamidine, diacetate, FAB 345. Example 3 20 Analogously to Example 1, the compound methyl 3'-cyano 5-methylbiphenyl-3-carboxylate is obtained by reaction of 3-cyanophenylboronic acid with methyl 3-bromo 5-methylbenzoate. By bromination with NBS and reaction 25 with 3-hydroxybenzonitrile, methyl 3'-cyano-5-(3-cyano phenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-carboxylate is obtained. Reaction with hydroxylamine and reduction with H 2 /Ra Ni affords the compound methyl 3'-carbamimidoyl 5-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-carboxylate. 30 By hydrolysis of the ester using aqueous NaOH, 3'-carbamimidoyl-5-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)bi phenyl-3-carboxylic acid is obtained therefrom.

- 23 H N OC NH2 NH2 NH HO O By chromatography on a reversed-phase column using an acetonitrile/water/TFA mixture, 3' -carbamimidoyl 5 5-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid, bistrifluoroacetate, is obtained. The following compounds are obtained analogously 10 methyl 4'-carbamimidoyl-4-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-3-carboxylate, FAB 403; methyl 4'-carbamimidoyl-4-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylate, FAB 403; 15 methyl 3'-carbamimidoyl-4-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylate, FAB 403; methyl 3'-carbamimidoyl-4-(3-carbamimidoyiphenoxy 20 methyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylate, FAB 403; methyl 4'-carbamimidoyl-5-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxylate, FAB 403; 25 methyl 3'-carbamimidoyl-5-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxylate, FAB 403. Example 4 30 Analogously to Example 1, methyl 3'-methylbiphenyl 3-carboxylate is obtained by reaction of methyl 3-bromobenzoate with 3-tolylboronic acid. By bromination with NBS and reaction with methyl - 24 3-hydroxybenzoate, methyl 3'- (3-methoxycarbonylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-3-carboxylate is obtained therefrom. By reaction with guanidine hydrochloride in methanolic sodium methoxide solution, N-[3'-(3-guanidinocarbonyl 5 phenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-carbonylguanidine is obtained therefrom O N NH 2 H2N N O NH 2 NH2 10 The compound N- [4'- (4-guanidinocarbonylphenoxymethyl) biphenyl-4-carbonyllguanidine is obtained analogously. Example 5 15 A solution of 7.0 g of 3-bromo-5-methylphenol and 5.97 g of methyl bromoacetate and also 13 g of cesium carbonate in 100 ml of acetonitrile is stirred overnight at room temperature. After customary working up, 9.70 g of methyl (3-bromo-5-methylphenoxy)acetate 20 ("AB") are obtained. A suspension of 2.0 g of "AB", 100 mg of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium and 0.85 g of sodium carbonate in 50 ml of toluene is heated to boiling. A solution of 2.94 g of 3-cyanophenylboronic acid in 25 30 ml of methanol is then added dropwise and the mixture is heated under reflux for 14 hours. It is worked up in the customary manner and 2.17 g of methyl (3' -cyano-5-methylbiphenyl-3-yloxy) acetate ("AC") are obtained. 30 A solution of 1.2 g of "AC" and 0.765 g of NBS in 50 ml of carbon tetrachloride is irradiated at room temperature using UV light. After customary working up, 1.54 g of methyl (3'-cyano-5-bromomethylbiphenyl- - 25 3-yloxy)acetate ("AD") are obtained. A solution of 185 mg of "AD", 63.1 mg of 4-hydroxy benzonitrile and 172.7 mg of cesium carbonate in 10 ml of acetonitrile is stirred at room temperature for 5 4 days. After customary working up, methyl [3'-cyano 5- (4-cyanophenoxymethyl) biphenyl-3-yloxy] acetate ("AE") is obtained. A solution of 60 mg of "AE", 69.5 mg of hydroxyl ammonium chloride and 101 mg of triethylamine in 10 ml 10 of ethanol is heated under reflux for 14 hours. After removal of the solvent, the residue is taken up in water. The solid is separated off and 70 mg of methyl [3'-N-hydroxyamidino-5-( 4 -N-hydroxyamidinophenoxy methyl)biphenyl-3-yloxy]acetate ("AF") are obtained. By 15 reduction using H 2 /Raney nickel, methyl [3'-amidino-5

(

4 -amidinophenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3-yloxy]acetate, FAB 433, is obtained. NH H 2 N N H 0 0 20 The following compounds are obtained analogously methyl [4'-amidino-5-( 4 -amidinophenoxymethyl)bi phenyl-3-yloxy]acetate, FAB 433 25 methyl [3'-amidino-5-( 3 -amidinophenoxymethyl)bi phenyl-3-yloxyacetate, FAB 433 - 26 methyl [4'-amidino-5-(3-amidinophenoxymethyl)bi phenyl-3-yloxy]acetate, FAB 433. If methyl bromoacetate is replaced in the first stage 5 by tert-butyl bromoacetate, the tert-butyl esters obtained in the last stage can be cleaved using trifluoroacetic acid and the corresponding carboxylic acids 10 [3'-amidino-5-(4-amidinophenoxymethyl)biphenyl 3-yloxy]acetic acid, bistrifluoroacetate, FAB 419; [4'-amidino-5-(4-amidinophenoxymethyl)biphenyl 3-yloxy]acetic acid; 15 [3'-amidino-5-(3-amidinophenoxymethyl)biphenyl 3-yloxy]acetic acid; [4'-amidino-5-(3-amidinophenoxymethyl)biphenyl 20 3-yloxylacetic acid are obtained. Example 6 25 A solution of 5.0 g of 3'-bromomethylbiphenyl 3-carbonitrile and 5 ml of triethyl phosphite are combined and slowly heated to 1500. The mixture is stirred at 1500 for 6 h and 6.05 g of diethyl 30 (3'-cyanobiphenyl-3-ylmethyl)phosphonate ("BA") are obtained after customary working up. 150 mg of sodium hydride are added with ice-cooling and under nitrogen to a solution of 1.0 g of "BA" and 3-cyanobenzaldehyde in 20 ml of ethylene glycol 35 dimethyl ether. The mixture is subsequently stirred for 4 hours, worked up in the customary manner and 0.93 g of 3'-[2-( 3 -cyanophenyl)vinyl]biphenyl-3-carbonitrile ("BB") is obtained.

- 27 After hydrogenation of 360 mg of "BB" using Pd-C 5% in methanol, 360 mg of 3'-[2-(3-cyanophenyl)ethyl] biphenyl-3-carbonitrile ("BC") are obtained. After reaction with hydroxylammonium chloride and 5 hydrogenation using Raney nickel, the compound 3'- [2- (3-amidinophenyl) ethyl] biphenyl-3-carboxamidine, FAB 343, is obtained analogously to Example 1 H2N NH NH NH2 10 The compound 3'- [2- (4-amidinophenyl) ethyl] biphenyl 3-carboxamidine, FAB 343, is obtained analogously. Example 7 15 The compound N-(3'-( 4 -guanidinocarbonylbenzyloxy) biphenyl-3-carbonyl]guanidine, dihydrochloride, FAB 431 0 NH 2 N NH2 0 N " A HzNN N

NH

2 20 is obtained for example according to the following reaction scheme: -28 N ,.,.F d(pph)) /Nz:CO. II +f -O AIIJacetonitrile N 0.~ei'iC Om0 N. N 01 0 0 0 NH I -cIIoro- 1-methy~py-idinium iodide ,N-nethylpyrrolidone N-ethyldiisopropylami,,e 0 NH 0 N N 0 NH 0 25% MCI NIH~ 0 0 NH? dihydrochloride 0 N2 - 29 The following compounds are obtained analogously N-[3'-(3-guanidinocarbonylbenzyloxy)biphenyl 3-carbonyliguanidine, dihydrochloride, FAB 431; 5 N-[3'-(4-guanidinocarbonylbenzyloxy)biphenyl 4-carbonyl]guanidine, dihydrochloride, FAB 431; N-[3'-(3-guanidinocarbonylbenzyloxy)biphenyl 10 4-carbonyllguanidine, dihydrochioride, FAB 431. Pharmacological tests The methodology which was used for the characterization 15 of the compounds of the formula I as NHE-3 inhibitors is presented below. The compounds of the formula I were characterized with respect to their selectivity to the isoforms NHE-1 to 20 NHE-3. The three isoforms were stably expressed in mouse fibroblast cell lines. The inhibitory action of the compounds was assessed by determination of the EIPA-sensitive 2Na+ absorption into the cells after intracellular acidosis. 25 For the characterization of the Na*/H+ exchange inhibitors with respect to their isoform selectivity, we investigated the compounds for their inhibition of the NHE isoforms NHE-1, -2 and -3, which were stably expressed in a mouse fibroblast cell line (see 30 procedure section) by determining the EIPA-sensitive 22 Na* absorption into the cells after intracellular acidosis. Material and methods 35 LAP1 cell lines which express the different NHE isoforms - 30 The LAP1 cell lines which express the isoforms NHE-1, -2 and -3 (a mouse fibroblast cell line), were obtained from Prof. J. Pouyss6gur (Nice, France). The transfections were carried out by the procedure of 5 Franchi et al. (1986). The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% inactivated foetal calf serum (FCS). For the selection of the NHE-expressing cells, the so-called "acid destruction procedure" of Sardet et al. (1989) was 10 used. The cells were first removed to an NH 4 Cl containing bicarbonate- and sodium-free buffer by washing with a bicarbonate-, NH 4 Cl- and sodium-free buffer and incubation was carried out with a bicarbonate-free NaCl-containing buffer. Only those 15 cells which functionally express NHE were able to survive in the intracellular acidification to which they were exposed. Characterization of NHE inhibitors with respect to 20 their isoform selectivity Using the abovementioned mouse fibroblast cell lines which express the isoforms NHE-1, NHE-2 and NHE-3, compounds were tested for selectivity to the isoforms 25 according to the procedure described by Counillon et al. (1993) and Scholz et al. (1995) . The cells were acidified intracellularly by the NH 4 Cl prepulse procedure and then by incubation in a bicarbonate-free 2 2 Na+-containing buffer. On account of the intracellular 30 acidification, NHE was activated and sodium was absorbed into the cells. The effect of the test compound was expressed as the inhibition of the EIPA (ethylisopropylamiloride)-sensitive 22 Na* absorption. The cells which expressed NHE-i, NHE-2 and NHE-3 were 35 transferred to microtiter plates having 24 wells by inoculation at a density of 5-7.5 x 104 cells/well and cultured to confluence for 24 to 48 hours. The medium was aspirated and the cells were incubated at 37 0 C for - 31 60 minutes in the NH 4 Cl buffer (50 mM NH 4 Cl, 70 mM choline chloride, 15 mM MOPS, pH 7.0) . The buffer was then removed and the cells were rapidly covered twice with a layer of the choline chloride wash buffer 5 (120 mM choline chloride, 15 mM PIPES/tris, 0.1 mM ouabain, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 2 mM CaCl 2 , pH 7.4); the cells were incubated in this buffer for 6 minutes. After the incubation time was over, the incubation buffer was aspirated. For the purpose of removal of extracellular 10 radioactivity, the cells were washed rapidly four times with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS). The cells were then solubilized by addition of 0.3 ml of 0.1 N NaOH per well. The cell-fragment-containing solutions were transferred to scintillation tubes. Each 15 well was additionally washed twice with 0.3 ml of 0.1 N NaOH and the wash solutions were likewise added to the corresponding scintillation tubes. The tubes containing the cell lyzate were mixed with scintillation cocktail and the radioactivity absorbed into the cells was 20 determined by determination of the P radiation. Inhibition of the 22 Na+ absorption in rabbit erythrocytes 25 The Na*/H exchange activity was also determined by observation of the absorption of 22 Na+ ions in acidified rabbit erythrocytes. Rabbit erythrocytes have found wide application in investigations on Na*/H exchange activity (Escobales & Fugueroa, 1991: Morgan & Canessa, 30 1990). The EIPA-sensitive portion of the 22 Na+ absorption in acidified erythrocytes was regarded as Na*/H*-dependent 2Na* absorption. Cell preparation 35 The preparation of the red blood corpuscles and the internal acidification of the red blood corpuscles were carried out closely following the procedures of Morgan - 32 and Canessa (1990). The blood was obtained from rabbits (e.g. New Zealand White). It was collected in 50 ml Falcon centrifuge tubes which contained 5 ml of sodium heparin solution 5 (250 U/ml) . The blood and the heparin solution were well mixed. The red blood corpuscles were recovered by centrifugation at 2000 x g at 4 0 C; the plasma and buffy coat were removed. The remaining solution was filtered through 200 pm gauze. The filtrate was again suspended 10 in the original volume with wash buffer (140 mM KCl, 0.15 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM TRIS/MOPS, pH 7.4) . The red blood corpuscles were again recovered by centrifugation (2000 x g, 4 0 C). The washing process was repeated twice. 15 Intracellular acidification For intracellular acidification, 5 ml of the deposited collected red blood corpuscles were again suspended 20 using 45 ml of acidification buffer (170 mM KCl, 0.15 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1 mM ouabain, 10 mM glucose, 10 mM sucrose, 20 mM tris/Mes, pH 6.2) . The suspension of the red blood corpuscles was incubated at 370C for 10 minutes (with occasional mixing) . In order to fix 25 the internal pH, treatment is carried out with up to 200 pM and 1 mM DIDS or DIAMOX (acetazolamide) . The mixture was additionally incubated at 37 0 C for 30 minutes. The red blood corpuscles were then recovered by 30 centrifugation (4 minutes at 2000 x g, 4*C); they were again suspended using ice-cold unbuffered wash solution (170 mM KCl, 40 mM sucrose, 0.15 mM MgCl 2 ) and washed four times therewith. 35 Incubation and measurement of the 22Na absorption The incubation was carried out in macrowell tube strips in a format of 8 x 12. The incubation was begun by - 33 mixing 200 pl of incubation buffer (160 mM KCl, "NaCl (37 MBq/well), 10 mM NaCl, 0.15 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1 mM ouabain, 10 mM glucose, 40 mM sucrose, 10 mM tris/MOPS, pH 8.0, 0.5 mM Diamox, 1% DMSO) with 20 pl of the 5 (prewarmed) acidified solution of the red blood corpuscles. The test substances were first dissolved using 100% DMSO and the solution was then diluted to the corresponding concentrations using incubation buffer. Incubation was carried out at 37 0 C for 10 5 minutes. (In preliminary experiments it was shown that under these incubation conditions the 22 Na absorption rate was linear during the 5-minute incubation period). The incubation was stopped by addition of 800 p.l of ice-cold stop solution (112 mM 15 MgCl 2 , 0.1 mM ouabain) . The tubes were briefly stored on ice. The tubes were then covered with Parafilm and the red blood corpuscles were recovered by centrifugation at 2000 x g and 4 0 C for 7 minutes. The supernatant was aspirated with a home-made aspiration 20 apparatus, with which it was possible to aspirate 4 tubes next to one another simultaneously; spacer rings on the further ends of the tips prevented the tips dipping too deeply into the tubes and the pellet of the red blood corpuscles being aspirated. All 25 2Na-containing supernatants and wash solutions were stored and disposed of as radioactive waste. The red blood corpuscles were washed three times with 900 pLl of ice-cold stop solution, namely by repeating the suspension/centrifugation step described above. 30 After the last wash, the pellet of the red blood corpuscles was mixed with 200 tl of water. The tubes were then treated with ultrasound for 2 x 30 minutes. The macrowell tube strips were then taken apart and each tube was put headfirst into an individual 35 scintillation tube; the hemolyzed solution of the red blood corpuscles emptied into the scintillation vial as a result of gentle shaking. Each vial was treated with 3 ml of the scintillation fluid Aquasafe 300 PS, and - 34 the vials were provided with closures and well mixed. The radioactivity absorbed into the red blood corpuscles was determined in a scintillation counter by monitoring the P decomposition. 5 Per substance concentration, the determination was carried out in triplicate. The mean of the count determination in the presence of 10 pM EIPA was subtracted from each value in order to include the non Na 4 /H*-dependent 2Na* absorption into the erythrocytes. 10 The mean of the remaining counts in the absence of a substance was used as a 100% control; the mean values in the presence of the test compounds were expressed as a percentage of this control value. The percentage absorption data were plotted semilogarithmically; IC50 15 values were obtained by fitting the values to a non linear curve using the equation f(x) = 100/ (1 + (IC50/x) **n) References: 20 Counillon et al. (1993) Mol. Pharmacol. 44: 1041-1045 Escobales and Figueroa (1991) J. Membrane Biol. 120, 41-49 Franchi et al. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 9388-9392 25 Morgan and Canessa (1990) J. Membrane Biol. 118, 193-214 Sardet et al. (1989) Cell 56: 271-280 Scholz et al. (1995) Cardiovasc. Res. 29: 260-268 - 35 Test results 1. HN 0

NH

2 Y% NH NH2 NCode EMD 221960 IC50 (NHE-3) = 1-2 ptM 2. NH2 HN0 NH2 NH 5 Diacetate; Code EMD 221963 IC50 (NHE-3) = 1 pM 3. NH

NH

2 NH O Diacetate; 10 Code EMD 246326 IC50 (NHE-3) = 3 pM - 36 4. H2N NH NH O NH2 Diacetate; Code EMD 246327 IC50 (NHE-3) = 3-4 pM.

- 37 The following examples relate to pharmaceutical preparations: Example A: Injection vials 5 A solution of 100 g of an NHE-3 inhibitor of the formula 1 and 5 g of disodium hydrogenphosphate is adjusted to pH 6.5 using 2N hydrochloric acid in 3 1 of double-distilled water, sterile filtered, dispensed 10 into injection vials, lyophilized under sterile conditions and aseptically sealed. Each injection vial contains 5 mg of active compound. Example B: Suppositories 15 A mixture of 20 g of an NHE-3 inhibitor of the formula I is fused with 100 g of soya lecithin and 1400 g of cocoa butter, poured into molds and allowed to cool. Each suppository contains 20 mg of active 20 compound. Example C: Solution A solution is prepared from 1 g of an NHE-3 inhibitor 25 of the formula I, 9.38 g of NaH 2

PO

4 - 2 H 2 0, 28.48 g of Na 2

HPO

4 - 12 H 2 0 and 0.1 g of benzalkonium chloride in 940 ml of doubled-distilled water. It is adjusted to pH 6.8, made up to 1 1 and sterilized by irradiation. This solution can be used in the form of eye drops. 30 Example D: Ointment 500 mg of an NHE-3 inhibitor of the formula I are mixed with 99.5 g of petroleum jelly under aseptic 35 conditions.

- 38 Example E: Tablets A mixture of 1 kg of an NHE-3 inhibitor of the formula I, 4 kg of lactose, 1.2 kg of potato starch, 5 0.2 kg of talc and 0.1 kg of magnesium stearate is compressed in a customary manner to give tablets such that each tablet contains 10 mg of active compound. Example F: Coated tablets 10 Tablets are pressed analogously to Example E and then coated in a customary manner with a coating of sucrose, potato starch, talc, tragacanth and colorant. 15 Example G: Capsules 2 kg of an NHE-3 inhibitor of the formula I are filled into hard gelatin capsules in a customary manner such that each capsule contains 20 mg of the active 20 compound. Example H: Ampoules A solution of 1 kg of NHE-3 inhibitor of the formula I 25 in 60 1 of double-distilled water is sterile filtered, dispensed into ampoules, lyophilized under sterile conditions and aseptically sealed. Each ampoule contains 10 mg of active compound.

Claims (7)

1. A compound of the formula I Ri - R 5 R2X xI R 3 5 in which RI, R 4 in each case independently of one 10 another are -C(=NH)-NH 2 , which can also be monosubstituted by -COA, -CO-[C(R 6)2]n-Ar, -COOA, -OH or by a conventional amino protective group, NH-C (=NH) -NH 2 , -CO-N=C (NH 2 ) 2, 15 { N { N HN 0 or N . O CH 3 R 2 , R , R' in each case independently of one another are H, A, OR6, N(R )2, NO 2 , CN, Hal, NHCOA, NHCOAr, NHSO 2 A, NHSO 2 Ar, 20 COOR 6, CON(R )2, CONHAr, COR , COAr, S(O)nA, S(O)nAr, -0-[C(R 6 ) 2 m-COOR 6 , ~[C(R 6 ) 2] p-COOR 6 , -O-[C(R 6 ) 2] m-CON (R6) 2, -[C(R 6 ) 2 ]p-CON(R6)2, -0-[C(R6)2]m-CONHAr or -[C(R 6 ) 2] p-CONHAr, 25 X is -[C(R 6 ) 2 ]n-, -CR 6 =CR 6 _ _[C(R6)2]n-O-, -O-[C(R 6)2]n-, -COO-, -OOC-, -CONR - or -NR6CO-, - 40 R 6 is H, A or benzyl, A is alkyl having 1-20 C atoms, in which one or two CH 2 groups can be replaced by 5 0 or S atoms or by -CR 6 =CR 6 - groups and/or 1-7 H atoms can be replaced by F, Ar is phenyl or naphthyl, which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or 10 trisubstituted by A, Ar', OR 6 , OAr', N(R 6 )2, NO 2 , CN, Hal, NHCOA, NHCOAr', NHSO 2 A, NHSO 2 Ar', COOR 6 , CON (R 6 )2, CONHAr', COR6, COAr', S(0) A or S(0)nAr', 15 Ar' is phenyl or naphthyl, which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, OR 6 , N(R 6 ) 2 , NO 2 , CN, Hal, NHCOA, COOR 6 , CON(R) 2 , COR 6 or S (0) A, 20 Hal is F, Cl, Br or I, n is 0, 1 or 2, 25 m is 1 or 2, p is 1 or 2, and its salts and solvates as NHE-3 inhibitors. 30

2. The compound as claimed in claim 1 a) 3'-( 3 -carbamimidoylphenoxymethyl)biphenyl-3 carboxamidine; b) 3'-( 3 -carbamimidoylbenzyloxy)biphenyl-3 35 carboxamidine; c) 3'-carbamimidoyl-5-(3-carbamimidoylphenoxy methyl)biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid; - 41 d) N-[3'-( 3 -guanidinocarbonylphenoxymethyl) biphenyl-3-carbonyllguanidine; e) methyl [3' -amidino-5- (4-amidinophenoxymethyl) biphenyl-3-yloxy]acetate; 5 f) [3'-amidino-5-(4-amidinophenoxymethyl)biphenyl

3-yloxy]acetic acid, and its salts and solvates as NHE-3 inhibitors. 10 3. Use of the compound of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 and its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for the treatment of thromboses, ischemic conditions of the heart, of the peripheral and 15 central nervous system and of stroke, ischemic conditions of peripheral organs and limbs and for the treatment of states of shock.

4. Use of the compound of the formula I as claimed in 20 claim 1 and its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for use in surgical operations and organ transplantation and for the preservation and storage of transplants for surgical measures. 25

5. Use of the compound of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 and its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for the treatment of diseases in which cell 30 proliferation is a primary or secondary cause, for the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders of the lipid metabolism or disturbed respiratory drive.

6. Use of the compound of the formula I as claimed in 35 claim 1 and its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates for the production of a medicament for the treatment of ischemic kidney, ischemic - 42 intestinal disorders or for the prophylaxis of acute or chronic kidney disorders.

7. A pharmaceutical preparation, characterized in 5 that it contains at least one NHE-3 inhibitor as claimed in claim 1 and/or one of its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates.