AU729381B2 - Apparatus for determining specific properties of a discontinuous product to be straightened - Google Patents
Apparatus for determining specific properties of a discontinuous product to be straightened Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU729381B2 AU729381B2 AU88593/98A AU8859398A AU729381B2 AU 729381 B2 AU729381 B2 AU 729381B2 AU 88593/98 A AU88593/98 A AU 88593/98A AU 8859398 A AU8859398 A AU 8859398A AU 729381 B2 AU729381 B2 AU 729381B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- product
- straightened
- measuring device
- receiving
- receiving devices
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0405—Features allowing alignment between specimen and chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
- Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for discontinued determination of the E module and/or the yield resistance or yield strength during non-proportional elongation and/or the strain hardening module and/or the parameters of the alternating loads and/or a predetermined curvature of a final straightened product (7), such as metal sheets, strips, profiles, tubes and chiefly straightened products in the form of one or several wires. The inventive device has two receiving members (1, 2) with a respective drive mechanism for applying defined torque on the ends of the straightened product (7) on which a defined torque can be applied. The inventive device also comprises a measuring device (8) for determining curvature of said straightened products (7), wherein one receiving member (1) is stationary and the other receiving member (2) can move horizontally on the clamping plane of the straightened product. According to the invention, the receiving elements (1, 2) are pivotably mounted in opposite directions so that the clamped straightened product (7) can be deformed in an alternating convex or concave manner and the measuring device (8) contains a sensor for the angle of rotation of at least one of the receiving members (1, 2) and a distance sensor to measure the distance between both receiving members (1 and 2).
Description
Ref msusers\In\hhh\zellentindoc APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF A DISCONTINUOUS PRODUCT TO BE STRAIGHTENED The invention relates to an apparatus for the discontinuous determination of the E modulus and/or the apparent yielding point and/or the elongation limit for nonproportional extension and/or the hardening modulur and/or parameters of alternating stress applications and/or a predetermined bending of a discontinuous product to be straightened such as metal sheets, strip metal, profiles, pipes and in particular of wire or multiple strand wire products to be straightened comprising two receiving devices each comprising a drive means for the application of defined torques for the ends of the product to be straightened, adapted for a defined bending moment to be applied thereto and including a measuring device for the determining curvatures in the product to be straightened, wherein the one receiving device is stationary and the other is movable horizontally in the clamping plane of the product to be straightened.
Such an apparatus is known from DE-Z: Materialprofung 36 (1994) 3, page 61 64, it serves for determining non-defined elasticity parameters. For this purpose a bending line of the piece of wire having the configuration of a segment of a circle is to be used. For this purpose, in order to measure the bending moment by means of a sensor, elastic deformations of the spokes of a torque sensor are required. The spoke deformation which correlates with the torque gives rise to a specific tortional rigidity of the torque sensor for which reason the pivotting or bending angle derived from the stepwise information does not correspond to the bending angle of the receiving device. Accordingly, the use of this incorrect bending angle resulting from the motor position results in incorrect commands for the adjustment distance of the movable receiving device. The result is that a bending line of circular segmental configuration of the piece of wire is not attained and accordingly high quality results are not attained.
Moreover only straight but not curved pieces of wire can be measured.
It is an object of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the above disadvantages.
Accordingly, the present invention provides apparatus for the discontinuous determination of at least one of elasticity modulus, apparent yielding point, a permanent elongation limit for non-proportional elongation, hardening modulus, (e) parameters of alternating stress applications and a residual bending, of a discontinuous product to be straightened such as a metal sheet, strip, profile, tube, wire or multi- *0 •stranded wire product, said apparatus including: 15 first and second receiving devices, defining a longitudinal axis therethrough, each comprising a drive means for the application of a defined torque to said product so 0.00 that a defined bending moment is applied to said product; and 0 0 00 a measuring device for determining curvatures in said product; 00 0 0 o•wherein said first receiving device is longitudinally displaceable relative to said second receiving device; wherein both said receiving devices are mounted for pivotal displacement in 0000 opposite directions in such a manner as to enable said product to be alternatingly S0000 convexly and concavely deformable; and wherein said measuring device comprises a pivot angle measuring device for at 25 least one of said receiving devices and a distance measuring device for measuring the 0•0 0 distance between said two receiving devices.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a storage unit and/or a computing *o unit adapted to receive all data of deformation and of applied torques including directions *0 thereof.
A preferred form of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 a working example of the invention in a diagrammatic view, Fig. 2 a bending moment curvature graph of the first application of stress, [R:\LIBLL]I0173.doc:SSL:TCW Ref. 'nsusers\In\hhh\zdllentin~doc Fig. 3 an idealised stress-stretch graph, Fig. 4 a relative bending moment-curvature graph of the first stress application, Fig. 5 a deformation pattern where a first stress is applied and a first alternating stress is applied in the opposite direction, Fig. 6 a bending moment deflection curve for the first stress application and the alternate stress application.
The apparatus according to the invention comprises two receiving devices 1,2 each mounted pivotally about a pivotting axis 3 or 4 respectively. The pivotting axis 3 is stationary whereas the pivotting axis 4 is displaceable horizontally, (viz the double arrow) in the plane wherein the pivotting axes 3 and 4 are accommodated. Between the pivotting axes 3 and 4 a distance measuring device not shown is provided and at least one receiving device 1,2 is coupled to an angular displacement measuring device not illustrated. Each receiving device 1, 2 comprises a holder 5 or 6 respectively, facing one another and serving for the fixed accommodation of the end 6f a product 7 to be straightened.
Each receiving device 1,2 is coupled to a not illustrated drive means for turning it in opposite directions (viz the double arrow) about the pivotting axes 3, 4. For this purpose the driving of both receiving devices 1, 2 can proceed by way of a single reversible motor, although each receiving device 1, 2 may alternatively be fitted with Ref- msusersUnMhhMzelenti.doc its own motor in which case synchronisation of the applied torque and/or of the direction of pivotting can be ensured by appropriate coupling and/or transmission means.
Approximately centrally between the two receiving means 1 and 2 a measuring device 8 for determining the curvatures of the product 7 to be straightened is fitted, the respective curvature being calculable from the distances between the product 7 to be straightened and the measuring device 8, these being measured at at least three or even more points.
Alternatively the prevailing curvature may be determined from the correlation between the measured pivotting angle of at least one of the receiving means 1, 2 and the measured distance between the receiving devices 1 and 2.
The apparatus comprises preferably a storage device 9 and/or a computation unit to be supplied not only with data derived from the measuring device 8 but also by the drive means of the receiving devices 1 and 2. The data concerning the bending moment having been applied and/or the pivotal direction and/or the pivotting angle and/or where appropriate the frequency of the alternating stresses are sensed by the receiving devices 1, 2 and are associated with the determined curvature data.
In the case of a first stress application the clamped material 7 to be straightened is subjected to pure bending moments Ma and Mb, wherein M Ma Mb. The direction of rotation of such stressing may on the one hand be such that the material ,e be straightened is subjected to convex deformation or on the other hand Ref: msusers\In\hhh\zellenfin.doc concavely in the opposite direction.. Due to the horizontally movable arrangement of the axes 4 of the receiving means 2 a tensile loading of the material 7 to be straightened is prevented.
The torques about the axes 3, 4 can be applied using non-illustrated factors, sensors and control circuits, timed in a synchronous manner according to predetermined stressing schedules and be measured, and the product to be straightened may also be subjected alternatingly to concave and convex deformation. In this context a first stressing, resulting for example in a convex deformation of the material 7 to be straightened may be followed by a deformation in the opposite direction with a concave result. By alternating deformations the material characteristics of the first stress application, of the first alternating stress application as well as of subsequent further alternating stress applications may be determined. Parameters of the first stress application are the elasticity modulus, the hardening modulus and the apparent yielding points. Bauschinger extensions, Bauschinger stresses and the Bauschinger modulus are parameters of alternating stress applications. For determining the parameters stressing schedules and evaluation procedures have to be set up and bending moments defined in accordance with a stressing plan are applied to the product 7 to be straightened and the resulting curvatures are determined in each case. From a constant bending moment applied over the effective length of the product 7 to be straightened a constant curvature will result over the effective length. As a result of the setting up of different bending moments, initially for example in a convex direction and the determination of the resulting curvatures of the product to be straightened there will follow a correlation between ,lbending moments and curvature applicable to the specific material of the products to Ref. 'nsusers\In\hhh\zelientin.doc be straightened and for the cross-section of the product to be straightened. If an adequate number of data pairs are available a bending moment curvature graph for the direction of stress application may be established. Functional interrelationships between the bending moment and the curvature may be determined by way of regression analyses. By the employment of analytical and numerical calculating procedures which may be installed in the computation unit 10 the aforesaid parameters of the material of the product to be straightened can be determined.
From the informations of the bending moment-curvature graph relevant to the first stress application, the apparent yielding point, the elasticity modulus and the hardening modulus can be calculated. From a bending moment-curvature graph produced as illustrated e.g. in Fig. 2 the parameters: M, Moment at maximum elastic deformation as well as K, Curvature at maximum elastic deformation can be derived.
When using the cross-sectional dimensions of the product to be straightened the particular section modulus Wb can be calculated, using the equation applicable to the cross-section. For example for the circular cross-section having a diameter d, there applies Tr x d 3 Wb- Equation 1 32 The stretching limit as of the product to be straightened is obtained from Equation 2 Ref: mstisers\In\hhh\zdllentindoc
M.
o, Equation 2 Wb Using the value of the curvature at maximum elastic deformation K, of the apparent yielding point a, according to Equation 2 as well as the thickness of the crosssection (in the case of a circular cross-section this will amount to the diameter the elasticity modulus E may be calculated in accordance with Equation 3.
2 x o, E Equation 3 d X Ks In order to determine the hardening module V which corresponds to the slope of the compensatory straight line in the plastic deformation range of the stress-stretching graph as illustrated by way of example in Fig. 3, use is made of an equation which is applicable to the respective cross-sectional configuration and which expresses the relationship between the specific bending moment M* and the specific curvature K* for the plastic deformation. The bending moment-curvature graph for first stress application is to be transformed (Fig. 4) by way of M, and K, into its derived presentation or alternatively the data pairs are to be compiled for the contribution of plastic deformation. If it is assumed that the product to be straightened has a circular cross-section the hardening modulus V may be calculated by way of Equation 4. In addition, the elasticity modulus E enters into the equation. For different cross-sectional configurations the correspondingly applicable equations must be used.
Ref. nisusers\hi\hhh\ze1jentin.doc 4x 10x K-3xTrx K+6XK arccos 3xM xTrxK V x E Equation 4 3 x Kxarccos 6X x K* 11x I xK*+-8 K K' JK-j The modelling of processes involving elastic-plastic deformation in alternating directions presupposes that the mass laws of the particular materials of which the product to be straightened is composed are adequately well-known. In this context, both the hardening as well as the softening phenomena play a role. A new mass law or material model utilises for the description of softening phenomena the parameters Bauschinger tension, Bauschinger stress and Bauschinger module. The Equations and 6 apply to the first stress application.
o E x E for E Es Equation o os (E Es) x V for C Es Equation 6 For the alternating stress application, following after the first stress application in the opposite direction the Equations 7 to 9 apply. oF denotes the yielding point for the alternating stress application. EF denotes the amount of stretching at the yielding point, Ebau the Bauschinger extension, Obau the Bauschinger tension and B the Bauschinger modulus. The Bauschinger modulus B denotes the slope of the stressstrain graph in the range EF E £bau.
Ref: mSuSers\bi\hbh\zellentindoc o E x for E EF Equation 7 0o o (E EF) X B for F E £bau Equation 8 o Oau (E Ebu) x V for £bau Equation 9 Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the calculated deformation characteristics (equations 5 to 9) on repeated loading or stressing. In order to be able to calculate the Bauschinger extension Ebu and the Bauschinger module B for a stress application subsequent to the first stress application it is necessary to determine (Fig. 6) the parameters Kbau Curvature at the end of the Bauschinger range K, Curvature at maximum elastic stressing from the bending moment-curvature graph for an alternating stress application determined metrologically by means of the instrument.
The Bauschinger extension Ebu can be calculated for products to be straightened having circular cross-sections (diameter where the curvature at the end of the Bauschinger range Kbau in accordance with Equation d x Kbau Ebau Equation 2 After determining the maximum elastic extension for alternating stress application EF according to Equation 11 and the yield stress a, according to Equation 12 the Bauschinger modulus B may be calculated by way of Equation 13.
d x KF EF Equation 11 2 F= E x EF Equation 12 Ref: msusrs\In~hhh\zellenfin.doc 'bau OF B Equation 13 Ebau Er As regards the Bauschinger stress bau Equation 14 applies wherein as represents the apparent yielding point for the first stress application.
bau s Equation 14 The Equations 4 to 14 apply to the first quadrant of a local co-ordinate system which corresponds to the first quadrant of the global system illustrated in Fig. 5. In order to determine the material properties during alternating stressing by means of Equations 5 to 14 in accordance with Fig. 5 it is necessary to perform a co-ordinate transformation and a co-ordinate retransformation taking into account change of sign conventions.
Claims (3)
1. Apparatus for the discontinuous determination of at least one of (a) elasticity modulus, apparent yielding point, a permanent elongation limit for non-proportional elongation, hardening modulus, parameters of alternating stress applications and a residual bending, of a discontinuous product to be straightened such as a metal sheet, strip, profile, tube, wire or multi-stranded wire product, said apparatus including: first and second receiving devices, defining a longitudinal axis therethrough, each comprising a drive means for the application of a defined torque to said product so that a defined bending moment is applied to said product; and a measuring device for determining curvatures in said product; wherein said first receiving device is longitudinally displaceable relative to said second receiving device; wherein both said receiving devices are mounted for pivotal displacement in S 15 opposite directions in such a manner as to enable said product to be altematingly convexly and concavely deformable; and wherein said measuring device comprises a pivot angle measuring device for at 0" least one of said receiving devices and a distance measuring device for measuring the distance between said two receiving devices.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a storage unit and/or a computing unit adapted to receive all data of deformation and of applied torques .0 including directions thereof.
3. Apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 25 Dated 29 November, 2000 Witels Apparate-Maschinen Albert GmbH Co. KG e. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person *SPRUSON FERGUSON [R:\LIBLL] 10173.doc:SSL:TCW
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19729438A DE19729438C2 (en) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Device for determining the modulus of elasticity and / or the yield strength or an elastic limit in the case of non-proportional expansion and / or the strengthening module and / or parameters of the alternating loads and / or a predetermined bending of a finite straightening good, such as sheets, strips, profiles, pipes and in particular of wire and multi-wire products |
| DE19729438 | 1997-07-09 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/004254 WO1999002962A1 (en) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-08 | Device for determining the specific characteristics of a final straightened product |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU8859398A AU8859398A (en) | 1999-02-08 |
| AU729381B2 true AU729381B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
Family
ID=7835196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU88593/98A Ceased AU729381B2 (en) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-08 | Apparatus for determining specific properties of a discontinuous product to be straightened |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1027588B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001509592A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE215225T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU729381B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9811500A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2295837A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19729438C2 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20000056D0 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ501840A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999002962A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2843633B1 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2004-11-05 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | POTENTIALLY ALTERNATIVE PURE BENDING TEST METHOD, DEVICE AND MACHINE |
| DE102004021133B4 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2014-12-04 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method and device for testing fibers |
| AT502559B1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-05-15 | Montanuniv Leoben | METHOD FOR CHECKING A SAMPLE BODY UNDER COMBINED ROLLING BEND AND TORSION TREATMENT AND DEVICE THEREFOR |
| DE102007059185B4 (en) | 2007-01-15 | 2011-04-07 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Method and device for measuring the straightness of long products |
| CN101480672B (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2011-02-09 | 玉溪玉杯金属制品有限公司 | Device for detecting and alarming straight degree of wire |
| JP6172708B2 (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2017-08-02 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | Physical property measuring apparatus and physical property measuring method |
| JP6175990B2 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2017-08-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Estimation method of bending creep characteristics of electric wire |
| KR101700748B1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-01-31 | (주)티에이치엔 | Apparatus for examining durability of wire |
| KR101700747B1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-01-31 | (주)티에이치엔 | Apparatus for examining durability of wire |
| DE102017205362A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device for carrying out bending tests on plate-shaped samples |
| CN108168966B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-07-21 | 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 | Device and method for manufacturing molybdenum and molybdenum alloy pipe tensile sample gauge length line |
| CN109520840B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-11-27 | 太原科技大学 | Calculation method for detecting yield strength of pipe on line |
| CN110030967B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-29 | 北京铁科工程检测有限公司 | Method, device and system for monitoring horizontal deformation of support |
| DE102020216084A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Material testing device for bending tests and method for carrying out a bending test |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1202929A (en) * | 1967-09-07 | 1970-08-19 | Mini Of Technology | Apparatus for measuring properties of materials in beam form under the action of bending moments |
| JPS5933851B2 (en) * | 1982-08-28 | 1984-08-18 | 工業技術院長 | bending testing machine |
| DE3720248A1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-01-05 | Schenck Ag Carl | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING DEFORMATION ON SAMPLES OR TEST BODIES IN TESTING MACHINES |
| DE3815423A1 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-16 | Klaus Dr Ing Eberle | Method and testing machine for examining the durability of materials or components |
| JP2775295B2 (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1998-07-16 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Wire rotating bending fatigue tester and fatigue test method using the tester |
| DE4003596A1 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-08 | Berghoefer Chr Gmbh | Standard corrugated metal hose test procedure - applying torque in opposite rotational directions to length held between terminal mounts |
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 DE DE19729438A patent/DE19729438C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-08 DE DE59803557T patent/DE59803557D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-08 JP JP2000502395A patent/JP2001509592A/en active Pending
- 1998-07-08 WO PCT/EP1998/004254 patent/WO1999002962A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-08 NZ NZ501840A patent/NZ501840A/en unknown
- 1998-07-08 BR BR9811500-6A patent/BR9811500A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-08 EP EP98940187A patent/EP1027588B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-08 AT AT98940187T patent/ATE215225T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-08 CA CA002295837A patent/CA2295837A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-08 AU AU88593/98A patent/AU729381B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-01-06 NO NO20000056A patent/NO20000056D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ501840A (en) | 2001-06-29 |
| EP1027588B1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| BR9811500A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
| ATE215225T1 (en) | 2002-04-15 |
| EP1027588A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
| JP2001509592A (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| DE19729438C2 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
| AU8859398A (en) | 1999-02-08 |
| DE19729438A1 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
| WO1999002962A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
| NO20000056L (en) | 2000-01-06 |
| NO20000056D0 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
| CA2295837A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
| DE59803557D1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
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| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |