AU7210991A

AU7210991A - Liquid bleach composition

Info

Publication number: AU7210991A
Application number: AU72109/91A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Theresia Maria Olsthoorn; Johannes Cornelis Van De Pas
Original assignee: Unilever PLC
Current assignee: Unilever PLC
Priority date: 1990-02-08
Filing date: 1991-02-07
Publication date: 1991-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2011-02-07
Also published as: BR9105999A; WO1991012307A3; ES2072601T3; JPH05502908A; WO1991012307A2; JPH0768542B2; EP0514422A1; AU646018B2; EP0514422B1; CA2073445A1; DE69109273D1; DE69109273T2

Description

LIQUID BLEACH COMPOSITION

The present invention relates to a liquid detergent composition comprising an aqueous base, detergent active materials and a bleach material.

It has been proposed in EP 293 040 (P&G) to formulate liquid detergent compositions comprising a perborate bleach material and a water-soluble solvent system to increase the stability of the bleach in the aqueous phase. Similar solvents in combination with bleaches are proposed in EP 294 904 (P&G) .

In formulating liquid aqueous detergent compositions comprising a bleach material, we have noted that bleach instability problems sometimes occur. Although not yet fully understood this instability is believed to be caused by the solubilisation of the bleach materials in the aqueous phase, followed by the decomposition of the dissolved bleach materials.

Surprisingly it has now been found that stable bleach containing liquid aqueous detergent compositions can be formulated, provided that said compositions also comprise a specific silicate stabilising material.

Accordingly, the present invention relates a liquid detergent composition comprising an aqueous base, from 2-60 % by weight of detergent active materials, a bleach material and an alkali metal silicate material, preferably a disilicate material. bleach material

Compositions according to the present invention comprise a bleach material, which is preferably a peroxygen bleach. This bleach component may be present in the system in dissolved form, but preferred is that only part of the peroxygen bleach is solubilized, the remaining part preferably being present as solid peroxygen particles which are suspended in the system.

Examples of suitable bleach compounds include hydrogen peroxide, the perborates, persulfates, peroxy disulfates, perphosphates and the crystalline peroxyhydrates formed by reacting hydrogen peroxide with urea or alkali metal carbonate. Also encapsulated bleaches may be used. Preferred bleaches are only partially soluble in the system. Especially preferred is the use of perborate or percarbonate bleaches.

The bleach component is preferably added in an amount corresponding to 0.1 to 15% by weight of active oxygen, more preferred from 0.5 to 10% active oxygen, typically from 1.0 to 5.0% active oxygen. Typical amounts of bleach will be between 1 and 40 % by weight of the aqueous composition, more preferred from 7 to 30%, especially preferred from 10 to 25 % by weight of the composition.

silicate material

Compositions of the invention also comprise an alkali metal silicate material. Suitable silicate materials are for example sodium and potassium silicates, for example sodium metasilicate and sodium disilicates. The use of alkali metal disilicates is preferred. Although not yet fully understood it is believed that the alkali metal silicate material can have two functions, firstly it prevents the solubilisation of the bleach material, therewith minimizing the amount of instable dissolved bleach and secondly it retards the decomposition of the dissolved bleach materials.

The level of alkali metal silicate material is preferably more than 0.05 % by weight of the compositions, especially preferred more than 0.1 % by weight of the composition, most preferred more than 0.3 %. Generally the level of alkali metal silicate electrolyte is less than 10%, more preferred less than 7 %, especially preferred less than 5 %. Typical levels of are from 0.4 to 5 %, or 0.5 to 3%.

detergent active materials

Compositions of the present invention also comprise detergent active materials. Surprisingly it has been found that a combination of bleach materials and alkali metal silicate materials is suitable for use in ready to use aqueous liquid detergent compositions.

In the widest definition the detergent active materials in general, may comprise one or more surfactants, and may be selected from anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric species, and (provided mutually compatible) mixtures thereof. For example, they may be chosen from any of the classes, sub-classes and specific materials described in "Surface Active Agents" Vol. I, by Schwartz & Perry, Interscience 1949 and "Surface Active Agents" Vol. II by Schwartz, Perry & Berch (Interscience 1958) , in the current edition of "McCutcheon•s Emulsifiers & Detergents" published by the McCutcheon division of Manufacturing Confectioners Company or in Tensid^Taschenburch", H. Stache, 2nd Edn. , Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen & Wien, 1981.

Suitable nonionic surfactants include, in particular, the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (Cg-C-^g) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.

Also possible is the use of salting out resistant active materials, such as for example described in EP 328 177, especially the use of alkyl poly glycoside surfactants, such as for example disclosed in EP 70 074.

Suitable anionic surfactants are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (Cg-C^g) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (C9-C2₀) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl ( ιo~^ci5) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (Cg-C₁₈) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha- olefins (C -C2o) with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffins with S0₂ and Cl₂ and then hydrolysing with a base to produce a random sulponate; and olefin sulphonates, which term is used to describe the material made by reacting olefins, particularly C--L0-C20 alpha-olefins, with S0₃ and then neutralising and hydrolysing the reaction product. The preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium (Cn- Cl₅) alkyl benzene sulphonates and sodium or potassium primary (C₁₀""^c1₈) alkyl sulphates.

It is also possible, and sometimes preferred, to include an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid, especially a soap of an acid having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, and fatty acids derived from castor oil, alkylsuccinic acid, rapeseed oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil, palmkernel oil or mixtures thereof. The sodium or potassium soaps of these acids can be used.

In many (but not all) cases, the total detergent active material may be present at from 2% to 60% by weight of the total composition, for example from 5% to 40% and typically from 10% to 30% by weight. However, one preferred class of compositions comprises at least 20%, most preferably at least 25% and especially at least 30% of detergent active material based on the weight of the total composition. optional ingredients

Compositions of the invention may be un-structured (isotropic) or structured. Structured liquids of the invention may be internally structured whereby the structure is formed by the detergent active materials in the composition or externally structured, whereby the structure is provided by an external structurant. Preferably compositions of the invention are internally structured.

Some of the different kinds of active-structuring which are possible are described in the reference H.A. Barnes, "Detergents", Ch.2. in K. Walters (Ed), "Rheometry:

Industrial Applications", J. Wiley & Sons, Letchworth 1980. In general, the degree of ordering of such systems increases with increasing surfactant and/or electrolyte concentrations. At very low concentrations, the surfactant can exist as a molecular solution, or as a solution of spherical micelles, both of these being isotropic. With the addition of further surfactant and/or electrolyte, structured (antisotropic) systems can form. They are referred to respectively, by various terms such as rod-micelles, planar lamellar structures, lamellar droplets and liquid crystalline phases. Often, different workers have used different terminology to refer to the structures which are really the same. For instance, in European patent specification EP-A-151 884, lamellar droplets are called "spherulites". The presence and identity of a surfactant structuring system in a liquid may be determined by means known to those skilled in the art for example, optical techniques, various rheometrical measurements, x-ray or neutron diffraction, and sometimes, electron microscopy.

When the compositions are of lamellar droplet structure then in many cases it is preferred for the aqueous continuous phase to contain dissolved electrolyte. As used herein, the term electrolyte means any ionic water soluble material. However, in lamellar dispersions, not all the electrolyte is necessarily dissolved but may be suspended as particles of solid because the total electrolyte concentration of the liquid is higher than the solubility limit of the electrolyte. Mixtures of electrolytes also may be used, with one or more of the electrolytes being in the dissolved aqueous phase and one or more being substantially only in the suspended solid phase. Two or more electrolytes may also be distributed approximately proportionally, between these two phases. In part, this may depend on processing, e.g. the order of addition of components. On the other hand, the term "salts" includes all organic and inorganic materials which may be included, other than surfactants and water, whether or not they are ionic, and this term encompasses the sub-set of the electrolytes (water soluble materials) .

The selection of surfactant types and their proportions, in order to obtain a stable liquid with the required structure will be fully within the capability of those skilled in the art. However, it can be mentioned that an important sub-class of υjseful compositions is those where the detergent active material comprises blends of different surfactant types. Typical blends useful for fabric washing compositions include those where the primary surfactant(s) comprise nonionic and/or a non- alkoxylated anionic and/or an alkoxylated anionic surfactant.

In the case of blends of surfactants, the precise proportions of each component which will result in such stability and viscosity will depend on the type(s) and amount(s) of the electrolytes, as is the case with conventional structured liquids.

Preferably though, the compositions contain from 1% to 60%, especially from 10 to 45% of a salting-out electrolyte. Salting-out electrolyte has the meaning ascribed to in specification EP-A-79 646, that is salting-out electrolytes have a lyotropic number of less than 9.5. Optionally, some salting-in electrolyte (as defined in the latter speci ication) may also be included, provided it is of a kind and in an amount compatible with the other components and the composition is still in accordance with the definition of the invention claimed herein. Some or all of the electrolyte (whether salting-in or salting-out) , or any substantially water insoluble salt which may be present, may have detergency builder properties. In any event, it is preferred that compositions according to the present invention include detergency builder material, some or all of which may be electrolyte. The builder material is any capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the composition with other beneficial properties such as the generation of an alkaline pH, the suspension of soil removed from the fabric and the dispersion of the fabric softening clay material. Preferably the salting-out electrolyte comprises citrate.

Examples of phosphorous-containing inorganic detergency builders, when present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and hexametaphosphates. Phosphonate sequestrant builders may also be used.

Examples of non-phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders, when present, include water- soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds) , potassium carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonates and zeolites.

In the context of inorganic builders, we prefer to include electrolytes which promote the solubility of other electrolytes, for example use of potassium salts to promote the solubility of sodium salts. Thereby, the amount of dissolved electrolyte can be increased considerably (crystal dissolution) as described in UK patent specification GB 1 302 543.

Examples of organic detergency builders, when present, include the alkaline metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilitriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, CMOS, TMS, TDS, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.

Preferably the level of non-soap builder material is from 0-50% by weight of the composition, more preferred from 5-40%, most preferred 10-35%.

In the context of organic builders, it is also desirable to incorporate polymers which are only partly dissolved, in the aqueous continuous phase as described in EP 301.882. This allows a viscosity reduction (due to the polymer which is dissolved) whilst incorporating a sufficiently high amount to achieve a secondary benefit, especially building, because the part which is not dissolved does not bring about the, instability that would occur if substantially all were dissolved. Typical amounts are from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight.

It is further possible to include in the compositions of the present invention, alternatively, or in addition to the partly dissolved polymer, yet another polymer which is substantially totally soluble in the aqueous phase and has an electrolyte resistance of more than 5 grams sodium nitrilotriacetate in 100ml of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of the polymer, said second polymer also having a vapour pressure in 20% aqueous solution, equal to or less than the vapour pressure of a reference 2% by weight or greater aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 6000; said second polymer having a molecular weight of at least

1000. Use of such polymers is generally described in our EP 301,883. Typical levels are from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight.

The viscosity of compositions according to the present is preferably less than 1,500 mPa.s, more preferred less than 1,000 mPa.s, especially preferred between 30 and 900 mPa.s at 21 s^-1.

One way of regulating the viscosity and stability of compositions according to the present invention is to include viscosity regulating polymeric materials.

Viscosity and/or stability regulating polymers which are preferred for incorporation in compositions according to the invention include deflocculating polymers having a hydrophilic backbone and at least one hydrophobic side chain. Such polymers are for instance described in our copending European application EP 89201530.6 (EP 346 995) .

Deflocculation polymers for use in detergent formulations according to the present invention may be of anionic, nonionic or cationic nature. Anionic deflocculating polymers are preferred.

The hydrophilic backbone of the polymer is typically a homo-, co- or ter-polymer containing carboxylic acid groups (or more preferably) salt forms thereof) , e.g. maleate or acrylate polymers or co-polymers of these together or with other monomer units such as vinyl ethers, styrene etc. The hydrophobic chain or chains typically are selected from saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains, e.g. having from 5 to 24 carbon atoms and are optionally bonded to the backbone via an alkoxylene or polyalkoxylene linkage, for example a polyethoxy, polypropoxy or butyloxy (or mixtures of same) linkage having from 1 to 50 alkoxylene groups. Thus, in some forms, the side chain(s) will essentially have the character of a nonionic surfactant. Preferred anionic polymers are disclosed in our copending European patent application EP 89201530.6 (EP 346 995).

Preferably the amount of viscosity regulating polymer is from 0.1 to 5% by weight of the total composition, more preferred from 0.2 to 2%.

Compositions of the invention may also comprise materials for adjusting the pH. For lowering the pH it is preferred to use weak acids, especially the use of organic acids is preferred, more preferred is the use of C 1-8 carboxylic acids, most preferred is the use of citric acid. The use of these pH lowering agents is especially preferred when the compositions of the invention contain enzymes such as amylases, proteases and lipolases.

Apart from the ingredients already mentioned, a number of optional ingredients may also be present, for example lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, fabric softeners such as clays, amines and amine oxides, lather depressants, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, germicides colourants and enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, amylases and lipases (including Lipolase (Trade Mark) ex Novo) . Suitable examples of protease enzymes are Savinase (ex Novo) , Maxatal (gist-brocades) , Opticlean (ex MKC) or AP122 (ex Showa Denko) , Alcalase, Maxatase, Esperase, Optimase, proteinase K and subtilisin BPN. Suitable lipolases are for example Lipolase (ex Novo) , Amano lipases, Meito lipases, Lipozym, SP 225, SP 285, Toyo Jozo lipase. Suitable amylases are for example Termamyl (TM of Novo) and Maxamyl. Suitable cellulases include Celluzym (ex Novo) .

Compositions of the invention preferably comprise from 10 -80 % by weight of water, more preferably from 15- 60%, most preferably from 20-50 %.

Liquid detergent compositions according to the invention are preferably physically stable in that they show less than 2% by volume phase separation upon storage for 21 days after preparation at 25°C.

Liquid detergent compositions according to the invention are preferably volume stable in that they show less than 25% preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5% volume increase during storage at a temperature between 20 and 37°C for a period of three months after preparation.

For obtaining good volume stability, preferably the compositions according to the present invention also comprise a second stabilising agent for the bleach component. Suitable stabilisers are well-known in art and include EDTA, Magnesium silicates and phosphonates such as for instance the Dequest range ex Monsanto and Naphthol ex Merck. Preferably the amount of these stabilising agents is from 0.05 to 5 % by weight of the composition, more preferred from 0.05 to 1% of the composition.

Compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more bleach precursor agents. A well-known example of such an agent is TAED. Preferably the bleach precursor agent is present in the system in at least partly undissolved form. One way of ensuring that the precursor is present in undissolved form is to increase the amount of electrolyte in the composition, therewith reducing the solubility of the precursor in the system. Suitable electrolytes for this purpose are for instance the at least partially water soluble carbonate, sulphate and halogenide salts.

In use the detergent compositions of the inventention will be diluted with wash water to form a wash liquor for instance for use in a washing machine. The concentration of liquid detergent composition in the wash liquor is preferably from 0.05 to 10 %, more preferred from 0.1 to 3% by weight.

To ensure effective detergency, the liquid detergent compositions preferably are alkaline, and it is preferred that they should provide a pH within the range of about 7.0 to 12, preferably about 8 to about 11, when used in aqueous solutions of the composition at the recommended concentration. To meet this requirement, the undiluted liquid composition should preferably be of a pH above 7, for example about pH 8.0 to about 12.5. It should be noted that an excessively high pH, e.g. over about pH 13, is less desirable for domestic safety. If hydrogen peroxide is present in the liquid composition, then the pH is generally from 7.5 to 10.5, preferably 8 to 10, and especially 8.5 to 10, to ensure the combined effect of good detergency and good physical and chemical stability. The ingredients in any such highly alkaline detergent composition should, of course, be chosen for alkaline stability, especially for pH-sensitive materials such as enzymes, and a particularly suitable proteolytic enzyme. The pH may be adjusted by addition of a suitable alkaline or acid material.

Compositions according to the invention may be prepared by any method for the preparation of liquid detergent compositions. A preferred method involves the addition of the alkali metal silicate to water, which optionally comprises one or more of the other ingredients of the formulation. The bleach materials are preferably added as a pre-dispersion .

The invention will now be illustrated by way of the following Examples. In all Examples, unless stated to the contrary, all percentages are by weight.

Example I

The following composition was prepared by adding the ingredients in the listed order to water:

Ingredient (wt parts. A B

Na disilicate

Na perborate .4 H2O water

dissolved bleach¹) half life time in days at 37°C decomposed bleach³)

* wt % of dissolved perborate in isolated electrolyte phase at t=0, and at room temperature

²) extrapolated.

3) in weight % of the total bleach in the isolated electrolyte phase after 1 day.

Composition A had a pH of about 11 and contained about 1.9 % by weight of the bleach material in solubilised form, the half-life time of the bleach at 37°C was 35 days. Composition B had a pH of about 9.8 and contained about 2.1 % by weight of the bleach material in solubilised form. The half-life time of the dissolved bleach was significantly less than 1 day.

This example clearly illustrates that alkali metal disilicates can advantageously be used for the stabilisation of bleach. Example II

The following liquid detergent compositions may be formulated by adding the ingredients to water in the listed order:

Ingredient Ba ulation wt

Na DOBS Synperonic A7 Na Oleate Glycerol Na-disilicate STP

Na-perborate.4H2O Polymer *) water

*) Polymer A-2 as described in EP 89201530.6 (EP 346 995) .

Example III

The following compositions were made by adding the electrolyte together with the minor ingredients except for the perfume and the enzymes to water of elevated temperature, followed by the addition of the deflocculating polymer and then the detergent active materials as a pre-mix under stirring and thereafter cooling the mixture and adding the enzymes and the perfumes.

INGREDIENT (%wt. B

The perborate was added as a 65 % predispersion in water (Proxsol ex ICI) , the polymer was a deflocculating polymer described as A44 in EP 346 995, the pH was adjusted, if necessary, with citric acid.

The viscosity of the products was measured in mPa.s at 21^s-1; the volume stability was determined by measuring the maximum volume increase during storage of three months at ambient temperature; the physical stability was dete ined by checking the phase separation and solid 18 sedimentation upon storage; the Bleach stability indicates the percentage of bleach left after storage of 4 weeks at 37 °C. The following results were obtained:

B D

These results indicate that good bleach stability can be obtained when using an alkali metal disilicate in combination with bleach.

Claims

1. A liquid detergent composition comprising an aqueous base, 2-60 % by weight of detergent active materials, a bleach material and an alkali metal silicate material.

2. A liquid detergent composition according to claim l, wherein the bleach material is only partially soluble in the composition, and wherein preferably the bleach material comprises a perborate and/or percarbonate material.

3. A liquid detergent composition according to claim l, comprising an amount of bleach corresponding to 0.1- 15% by weight of active oxygen and/or 1-40% by weight of bleach material.

4. A liquid detergent composition according to claim l, comprising from 0.05-10% by weight of alkali metal silicate material.

5. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal silicate material is an alkali metal disilicate.

6. A liquid detergent composition according to claim l, comprising from 1-60% by weight of salting-out electrolytes, said salting-out electrolyte preferably comprising a citrate electrolyte.

7. A liquid detergent composition according to claim l, comprising 5-50% by weight of a non-soap builder material.

8. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, comprising from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a deflocculating polymer.

9. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, having a pH of from 8.0 to 12.5, a viscosity of less than 1,500 mPas at 21 s^"1, said composition also being physically stable and volume stable.

10 Method of washing, wherein a liquid detergent composition in accordance with claim 1-9 is diluted with water to form a wash liquor preferably for use in a washing machine.