AU7052998A

AU7052998A - Incinerator and method for incinerating liquid, pasty and solid waste

Info

Publication number: AU7052998A
Application number: AU70529/98A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Humbert Olmotti
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-03-28
Filing date: 1998-03-27
Publication date: 1998-10-22
Also published as: FR2761458B1; CA2284878A1; FR2761458A1; EP0970326A1; WO1998044297A1; IL132024A0

Description

P18355.SOI 1 PCT/FR98/0063 7 Incinerator and Method for Incinerating Liquid, Pasty, and Solid Waste The present invention concerns an incinerator for liquid, pasty, and solid waste, 5 such as industrial waste, agricultural waste, hospital waste, medical care waste, and household waste. It also concerns a method for incineration of such waste, using this incinerator. Current waste incinerators of the aforementioned type are most often realized 10 in the form of large, complex industrial units comprising furnaces or boilers specialized for the elimination of wastes depending on their nature: liquid, pasty, or solid. Such waste incineration factories require, for their construction and their operation, large spaces and significant investments. Their design and their size make them difficult to integrate into the urban or rural environment. 15 In document FR-2.350.550 A, for example, an incineration installation is described whose configuration does not permit: - the incineration of liquid and pasty wastes; 20 - the total elimination of the gases resulting from distillation or pyrolysis of the solid waste introduced into the reaction vessel of the installation; - the control of the pyrolysis and incineration temperatures of the solid waste. In document WO 9 3 /19324A, an installation is described whose construction does not permit: - the control of the incineration temperatures in the top and bottom part of the 0 combustion chamber; P18355.S01 la PCT/FR98/006 3 7 - maintenance, within the incineration zone, for the period necessary, of the high temperatures indispensable for obtaining the total elimination of the gaseous products originating from the pyrolysis or the combustion of the waste.

P18355.SOI 2 PCT/FR98/006 3 7 One object of the invention is to obtain a versatile incinerator complying with legislative and regulatory standards and permitting the total elimination of wastes of any nature (liquid, pasty, and solid), while still having a simple construction, operation, and maintenance. 5 According to the invention, this object is obtained due to an incinerator noteworthy for an architecture with operating stages comprising, from the top downwards, successively: 10 - a fourth level comprising means for the controllable introduction of solid, liquid, or pasty waste, and means for maintaining, inside this fourth level constituting the incinerator top part, a temperature less than the flammability temperature of the waste to be incinerated, for example, a temperature comprised between 150 0 C and 200*C; 15 - a third level arranged and equipped with specific means for maintaining a temperature of at least 1200*C inside this third level and for retarding the evacuation of smoke out of this high temperature zone; 20 - a second level arranged for completing solid waste combustion (in which a temperature on the order of 800* to 900*C is maintained, for example); - and a first level arranged for receiving and evacuating ashes. 25 This incinerator with operating stages permits the destruction of liquid, pasty, and solid waste with very low calorific power and capable of containing up to 70% P18355. SO 12a PCT/FR98/0063 7 humidity. It has a more rapid destructive capacity than a conventional incinerator and also has, in particular, the following advantages: 5 - simple and rapid starting; - reduced energy consumption at the ignition time of the wastes; P18355.S01 3 - high autonomy of non-stop operation; PCT/FR98/00637 - high operational safety; 5 total waste combustion, with final residues reduced to the form of dust; - simplified maintenance; - compliance with current antipollution standards with innoxious odorless 10 invisible gases released into the atmosphere; - improved integration capability into the urban or rural landscape. According to the method of the invention, regulated quantities of waste are 15 introduced into the incinerator, on the one hand, as a function of their state (solid, liquid, or pasty) and, on the other, as a function of their calorific power in order to autonomously maintain a temperature of at least 1200 0 C in the high temperature zone of the incinerator for example, at a height on the order of 1200 mm, with, preferably, 20 the addition of regulated air as a function of this calorific power. According to another characteristic arrangement of the method of the invention, the introducti-oaragmntonhemtodoh explosionhin the top level of the incinerator, of products having explosion risks because of their more or less high flammable material content, occurs in the presence of an addition of water in liquid form, or by vaporization, with the possibility of introducingthese products by vaporization in the form of a mixture with water. The aforementioned objects, characteristics, and advantages, and others as well will be better discerned from the description which follows and from the attached drawings, in which: P18355. SO1 4 PCT/FR98/0063 7 Fig. I is a front view, of a schematic nature and in vertical cross-section of the incinerator with operating stages according to the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a schematic nature, in vertical cross-section and 5 enlarged, of the top stage of the incinerator. Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a schematic nature of the top of the incinerator. 10 Fig. 4 is a detailed view depicting one of the cooling devices of the top part of the inside lateral wall of the apparatus. Fig. 5 is a top view of the device for distributing the liquid or pasty waste installed in the top part of the apparatus. 15 Fig. 6 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a schematic nature of the third level of the incinerator. Fig. 7 is a detailed enlarged cross-sectional view, of a retardation device 20 installed in the bottom part of the third level of the apparatus. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along the line 8-8 of Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view along the line 9-9 of Fig. 1. 25 Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view along the line 10-10 of Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a transverse cross-sectional view illustrating the profile of the loading grate arranged in the bottom part of the third level, above the retardation device and 0 the ignition burner.

P18355.S015 5 PCT/FR98/0 0 63 7 Fig. 12 is an enlarged detailed view of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a view of a schematic nature, in median crosssectional view of the 5 bottom part of the apparatus comprising the second and first levels thereof Fig. 14 is a planar view of Fig. 13. Reference is made to said drawings to describe an exemplary embodiment interest, although in no way restrictive, of the waste incinerator according to the of 10 invention. This incinerator comprises a housing or external vertical wall I and a body or internal vertical wall 2, between which an annular space is reserved; these walls, as well as the various essential constituent parts of the apparatus described below, being chrom-n eolimplemented in refractory stainless steel, in particular in special beinateoulyimplemsteel, with the walls of the combustion chamber capable of being advantageously implemented in austenitic refractory steel. The walls I and 2 may have a circular transverse cross-section, as depicted, but they may also have a square, rectangular, or other horizontal cross-section. 20 According to a characteristic arrangement of the invention, the incinerator is arranged so as to have operating stages comprising, from the top downwards, successively: 5 iud- a fourth level N4 comprising means for the controllable introduction of solid, liquid, or pasty waste, and means for maintaining, inside said fourth level constituting the incinerator top part, a temperature less than the flammability temperature of the waste to be incinerated, for example, a temperature comprised between 15 0 C and 200*C; - a third level N3 arranged and equipped with specific means for maintaining a P18355.S01 6 PCT/FR98/006 3 7 combustion temperature of at least 1200*C inside this third level, and for retarding the evacuation of the combustion gases and smoke out of this high temperature zone; 5- a second level N2 arranged to complete the solid waste combustion; - and a first level NI arranged for receiving and evacuating ashes. The arrangement of these four stages is described successively below. 10 The top end of the fourth level N4, i.e., the top end of the apparatus, is closed. The top end of the annular smoke collector CI consisting of the space provided between the lateral walls 1 and 2 is blocked by a horizontal wall 3 in the shape of a circular crown, whereas the top end of the top chamber C2 demarcated by the interior wall 2 is closed by a wall in the shape of a dome 4. 15 In the top wall 4, at least one intake, preferably, a plurality of intakes 5 (five intakes according to the example depicted), is provided for the introduction of liquid or pasty wastes into the incinerator. These intakes, which may have different, adjustable flows, depending on their purpose (introduction of liquid or pasty products), consist primarily of pipes passing through the wall 4 and equipped with electrically operated valves or other obstructors to regulate the intake of waste. The liquid or pasty waste feed pipes 5 pass through the top wall or cap 4 and open into the chamber C2, above a distribution device 6 permitting the dispersal of 5 said liquid or pasty waste flowing from said pipes inside said chamber. The feed pipes 5 are, for example, gathered in the central part of the top cap 4, and they open above a dispersing device 6 constituted of a convex circular plate (in the shape of a cone or a spherical cap). To favor this dispersion, the disperser is equipped with undulations 6a on its periphery (Fig. 5). The top wall or cap 4 of the apparatus is also equipped with means of injecting

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18 355.S01 7 water into the top part of the i PCT/FR98/00637 apparatus is,to the example depicted, the in particular, equipped with four cooling Water injectors 7 spaced 900 apart and arranged in proximity to the periphery of said cap. 5 These cooling water injectors are, for example, made up of through the top cap 4 and equipped with electrically operated valves or other obstructors enabling regulation of their flow. The internal end of these Pipes equipped with an appropriate nozzle (liquid spray difser or other) is oriented in the direction of the internal surface 2a of the internal lateral wall 2, such that the cooling waterjet is sprayed against this surface (Fig. 4). The cooling water injectors 7 have a dual function: - on the one hand, to prevent the liquid or pasty wastes from igniting before 15 they reach the furnace of the incinerator; and - on the other, to prevent an excessive rise in temperature in the top stage of the apparatus, which would damage the equipment Outfitting the top cap 4 of the incinerator. The cooling or regulation water introduced into the top part of the incinerator does not have to be pure water; it may, in effect, be water Pumped into the settling basin of a smoke scrubber device, which makes it Possible to eliminate the mud produced by this device by incinerating it. The cooling method and means 7 make it Possible to maintain, inside the level N4, a temperature less than the waste combustion temperature which is to be incinerated. which temperature is, for example, comprised between 150"C and 200 0 C. In those applications in which the implementation of the cooling means described above would not permit maintaining a temperature less than 200"C within P18355.S01 8 PCT/FR98/0 6 3 7 the top part of the apparatus, provision is made for supplemental cooling of said top part (top cap 4, top wall 3, and lateral wall 1), by means of a waterjacket 29 with intake 2 9a and outlet 29b enabling circulation of the cooling water. 5 e iThe water injection means equipping the top cap 4 also comprise at least one water injector 8 which, according to the example illustrated, is constituted of an axial pipe passing through said top cap and also the dispersion device 6. The water injector or injectors 8 have, in particular, the purpose of reducing y certain wastes having explosion risks due to their high content of flammable material; in this case, these products are vaporized in the top central part of the incinerator in the presence of water or water vapor, for example, in the form of a mixture with water. 15 The central water injector 8 has, in particular the function of enabling of the rapid extinguishing of the furnace of the apparatus, when it proves necessai to stop the operation of the incinerator. The top cap 4 may be equipped, externally, with brackets 9 to permit hookup 0 of a sling of a lifting apparatus. Laterally, the top stage N4 of the apparatus is equipped: - on the one hand, with a smoke outlet 10 adapted to be able to be connected, in any known manner, to a smoke pipe, via a smoke scrubbing system; and, - on the other, with an intake II for the introduction of the solid wastes. The smoke outlet 10 communicates with the top part of the smoke collector CI, whereas the intake cpi for solid wastes opens out into the chamber C2, with this intake Comprising for example, a cylinder passing through the annular smoke collector

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18 355.So1 9 CI and communicating with the chamber C2. PCT/FR98/00637 The solid wastes are, for example, brought up to the intake 11, by means of a 5 feed screw conveyor fed in turn by a crusher, after sorting of said wastes. In the smoke collector CI and at the level of the bottom part of the chamber C2, a horizontal partition 12 in the shape of a crown and equipped with holes 13 arranged around the internal wall 2 is installed These holes 13 are closely spaced and their diameter is just less than the distance separating the external wall I and 10 internal wall 2. and the The perforated partition 12-13 serves to disperse the heat around the interior chamber C2, with the mixture of hot air and burned gases unable to rush out directly toward the chimney pie hsmxueb'gss nbet uhotdrc 15to the top pipe, this mixture being distributed uniformly by the holes 13 in all Points of the top part Of smoke collector C i. This arrangemnt makes it Possible, moreover, to prevent backfiring. The top stage of the apparatus is equipped, externally or internally, with various known devices necessary for the perfect operation of said apparatus, such as electrically operated valves for opening/closing and flow adjustment, temperature sensors, regulatory Pollution control sensors, safety valves, etc. For example, one or a Plurality of temperature sensors installed in the incinerator top part can be connected to a programmrntt controller that permits, as a function of temperature indications transmitted by this sensor or these sensors controlling means of automatic introduction into the incinerator top part, of wastes of low calorific Power and of wastes of high calorific Power, in the desired proportions to obtain a mixture capable of being incinerated while generating a temperature of at least 1200*C in the bottom part of the combustion chamber C3 described below. In the top part N4 of the incinerator, an opening (not shown) may be provided, P18355.SOl 10 laterally, equipped with an airlock for the introduction Of contaminated wastes, such that the latter cannot be heated with the release Of toxic vapors before the complete closure of said opening. p 5 t i The third stage N3 comprises a central combustion chamber C3 demarcated by the internal lateral wall 2 and freely communicating with the chamber C2. This central combustion chamber C3 is surrounded by the bottom part of the smoke collector CI which communicates with the top part thereof, through the holes 13 in the horizontal wall 12. 10 The bottom part of the high temperature combustion chamber C3 communicates with the smoke collector CI, through a retardation unit 14 installed at said bottom part, the purpose of which unit is to retard the escape of the air/combustion gas mixture by forcing it to follow a baffled path in the bottom part of the chamber C3. This retardation unit may advantageously consist of a plurality of perforated cylindrical belts 1 4a, 14b, l4c, 14d arranged concentrically around the axis of the chamber C3 and spaced at a distance from each other The perforations Max 14b', 14c', 14d' of these belts have diameters which decrease from the center toward' the exterior, as depicted in Fig. 7. The perforations with the smallest diameter 14d of the external perforated belt 14d, open out into the bottom part of the smoke collector C I. At least one burner 15 is installed at the level of the retardation unit. This burner passes through the group of perforated belts 14a, 4b, 4c, 14d such that its combustion head is arranged in the space demarcated by the inner perforated belt l4a of said group of belts (Fig. 9). The burner 15 may be gas fueled or liquid fueled. It is used for the start-up ignition of the incinerator.

P1 8 355.S1 It eabls th stPCT/FR98/00637 It enables the start-up of combustion at the different temperatures desired and stops at the temperature programmed, at the end of the start-up period e An inclined grate 16, consisting of bars of which one or a Plurality may be 5 cooled by the circulation of water or another cooling fluid, is mounted above the retardation unit. Advantageously, this grate consists of tubular bars 16a, 16A and bars 6b having a very open V-shaped profile, Preferably arranged alternatingly. The tubular 10 bars twA, 6a have, preferably, a square cross-section, and they are oriented so as to have two top surfaces IGa' inclined in opposite directions. The inclined surfaces 16a'of the central bar 16A have an overhanging lateral section 6a" ending above one of the wings of the adjacent bar 1b (Fig. 12). Thus, 15 there is no vertical passage between the central bar 66A and the two V-shaped bars placed on either side thereof The ignition burner 5 is arranged below the central bar group 16b-16A-16b and is thus protected by this group. 3 16. Vertical passages 30 are provided between the other bars 16a, 16b of the grate The tubular bars 16A, I6a are connected, respectively, to feed lines and to evacuation lines (not shown) enabling circulation of a cooling fluid (water or otherwise) in the interior of said bars. It is noted that at the time of the operation of the incinerator a layer of ash is deposited on the inclined surfaces 16b' of the V-shaped bars atb, with this layer of ash constituting a protection for said bars against the effects of the high temperature maintained in the chamber C3. The high central part of the grate 16 is arranged above the burner 15 as P18355.S0 12 PCT/FR98/ 0 0 6 3 7 Peouippineatea whereas its bottom part opens out onto an outlet trap door 17 equipping the lateral wall of the incinerator. This grate has numerous functions: - it retains the liquid or pasty wastes which were not burned at the time of their penetration into the high temperature furnace, so as to enable their combustion. - it retains the solid wastes for the time necessary for their calcination while at the same time Permitting the fall of calcined wastes into the subjacent stage N2; - it enables routing the refractory wastes in the direction of the outlet trap door - it ensures protection of the burner 15. 15 At least one compressed air injector 18 opens out into the bottom part of the combustion chamber. Preferably, the incinerator is equipped with a plurality of injectors, for example, with four injectors 18 spaced at 9q0, opening out above the retardation unit 14. 0 These injectors are connected to a compressor or another blowing system and enable the introduction of compressed air into the fsrnacen Their number and their flow rate are a function of incinerator capacity. This injection of compressed air serves to adjust the furnace temperature, i.e., to maintain in the bottom part of the chamber C3, a temperature of at least 1200 0 C necessary to destroy certain molecules, depending on the nature of the wastes to be eliminated. To enable total oxidation and complete destruction of the wastes, high heating temperatures must be obtained and regulated, as a function of the nature and the caloiic power of said wastes, by the injection of a variable quantity of air, in P18355.S01 13 particular te hiPCT/FR98/00637 particular in the high temperature furnace C3, by using electrically operated air feed valves of differing diameters. The air/wastes in air incted gases mixture is pushed downward under 5 the pressure of compressed air injected into the combustion chamber C3, and escapes into the annular smoke collector CI under the aspiration effect produced by the chimney, passing through the perforations of the group of perforated belts 14a, 14b, t4c, 14d, which enable retardation of its circulation by lengthening its path. Due to the use of this incineration method, certain apyrous molecules remain in the bottom cnpart of the high temperature top racee during the period of time necessary (four seconds or more, at 1200 0 C) for their complete destruction. The incinerator may be equipped, at the height of the compressed air injectors 15 18, with injector (not shown) ofgaseous wastes which may also ignite instantaneously upon entry into the top furnace C3. The lateral wall 2 of the combustion chamber C3 is cooled by means of a water jacket arranged around the bottom part of said wall. To this end, an annular chamber C4 with at least one water intake 19 and at least one water outlet 20 surrounds the bottom part of the wall 2, with this chamber being demarcated, externally, by a wall 21 arranged, concentrically, around the wall 2 and at a distance therefrom, with the annular space provided between these walls closed at its top and bottom ends. Laterally, and at a level located above the grate 16, the incinerator is equipped with a manual loading door 22. This large dimension door is adapted for the introduction of voluminous solid wastes whose reduction into fragment of reduced size by means of a crusher is not Possible or is very difficult It is mounted tiltable around a bottom horizontal axis a-a, by means of hinges (not shown).

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1 8355.S01 14 The second stage of the incinerator consists of a group PCT/FR98/0063 7 comprising at least two sup g Of superposed grates 2 3 Thi goupofsuerposed grates 23a,2b This group Of superposed grates 23 is advantageously of the type described in 5 document WO 93/19324, i.e., a group whose grates consist of flat bars 23a, 23b' inclined around their longitudinal axis, with the flat bars 2 3a' Of one of the grates inclined in the direction Opposite that of the flat bars 23b' of the other g This group of grates has the function of retaining the partially calcined solid wastes until their complete incineration. This arrangement enables maintenance of a temperature on the order of 8 00 0 C to 900 0 C in the bottom furnace consisting of the second stage of the incinerator. 5 The first stage NI is provided to receive and evacuate ashes. This stage comprises a mobile ash bin 25 in the form of a funnel, arranged below the group Of grates 23 and in the bottom of which is installed a device for the extraction of ashes (final residues), for example, consisting of an endless extraction screw 26 associated with an aspiration system enabling routing of the ashes up to a storage silo. The ash bin 25 is, for example, equipped with rollers 28 on two of its opposing sides, with these rollers resting on parallel rolling tracks 27 rigidly integrated with the bottom part of the frame of the apparatus. Cold air intakes 24 are provided in the lateral wall of the apparatus, around the ash bin, which enables cooling the ashes and opposing the descent of the air introduced into the top part (third stage) of the apparatus. A smoke scrubber device (not shown) may advantageously be installed P1 8 3 55.So0 15 betwen te soke utlt 11andthe mokPCT/FR98/00637 cethedn a smoke outlet iI and the smoke Pipe. The scrubbing effluents are collected in a settling basin and, as previously indicated, these effluents may be Pumped and introduced into the incinerator top part to contribute to the cooling of the top stage thereof moreover, this method makes it Possible to eliminate the mud from the smoke scrubber device. The chimney (not shown) into which the smoke scrubber device opens is equipped with a blower (turbine) making it Possible to eject smoke at a speed on the order of 12 m/s, while creating reduced pressure at the smoke outlet I seeonth the proper operation of the incinerator. , necessary for The incinerator according to invention enables the elimination Of wastes of any nature and of any calorific power such as, in particular 15 1 5 e t c .; - l i q u i d w a s t e s w i t h l o w c a l o r i f i c o e , f r e a p e i u d m n r s l r i s etc.;cpoefreapelqudmnrssuri, liquid wastes with high calorific power, for example: petroleum residues, etc.; etc.; - pasty wastes with low calorific power, for example: purification plant sludges, etc.; pasty wastes with calorific power, for example: sludges of petroleum, oils, - solid wastes with low calorific power, for example: household wastes, etc.; - solid wastes with high calorific Power for example: paper cardboard various chemical compounds, resins, etc. to the method of the invention, regulated quantities of wastes are P18355.S01 16 1r c iPCT/FR98/ 0 0 6 3 7 introduced into the abovedesclibed i ncinerator, on the one hand, as a function of their state (liquid pasty or solid) and, on the other, as a function of their calorific Power in order to maintain, during the period of use of the incinerator a temperature of at least 1 2 00*C in the high temperature zone N3 thereof e ame, a aemerat on t oer 5 of 1200 mm, with, Preferably, the regulated addition of air, as a function of this calorific Power, into said high temperature zone. According to this method, the signals Provided by the temperature sensors (not shown), for example, of the thermocouple type S with a double Protective jacket, 10 installed in the combustion chamber are processed by a Programmab a controller which controls: - the means for routing the liquid and/or pasty, and/or liquid wastes (volumetric pumps for the liquid or pasty wastes; an Archimedes screw conveyor for the solid wastes), in the quantities and proportions desired up to the incinerator f water injection at the top part thereof' and, - compressed air injection into the 5 combustion chamber C3. Accordingtotemtdofh m And/ordg s to the method of the invention, a regulated mixture of liquid and/or muddy and/or solid wastes with low calorifci power and liquid and/or muddy and/or solid wastes with high calorific power is introduced into the incinerator the percentage of high calorific power wastes in this mixture being reduced, and the Percentage of low calorific Power wastes being increased proportionally when the incineration temperature becomes greater than 1200C in the high temperature zone N3, whereas, conversely, the percentage of high calorific power wastes in the mixture is increased ad the percentage of low calorific Power wastes is reduced when the incineration temperature in this zone becomes less than a predetermined low threshold of example, 1150*C. p for According to another characteristic arrangement of the method of the invention, the introduction into the top level e orator of Products having explosion risks due to their high content of flammable material is achieved in the presence of the addition of water injected in the liquid state or by vaporization, with P18355.S01 17 PCT/FR98/ 0 06 3 7 these highly flammable products capable of being introduced b form of a mixture with water. Y vaporization in the

Claims

1. Incinerator of liquid, pasty, and solid wastes characterized by its architecture with operating stages comprising, from the top downwards: - a fourth level (N4) comprising means (5, 11) for the controllable introduction of the solid, liquid, or pasty wastes, and means for maintaining, inside said fourth evel 4) constitutingthinieaoto amanannsiesiforhevl(4 temperture fthe incinerator top part, a temperature less than the flammability obe incinerated, fii tebete of the waste to , for example, a temperature comprised 0 between 1 50 0 C and 200 0 Q* - a third level (N3) arranged and equipped with means for maintaining a combustion temperature of at least 1200 0 C inside this third level and for retarding the evacuation of smoke out from this high temperature zone; - a second level (N2) arranged for completing the solid waste combustion; and - a first level (N) comprising means (25, 26) for receiving and evacuating ashes.

2. Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means allowing to maintain, inside the top level (N4) of said incinerator a temperature less than the flammability temperature of the wastes to be incinerated, consist of one or a plurality of devices (7) for spraying cooling water against the inside wall (2) of said top level (N4).

3. Incinerator according to one of claims I or 2, characterized in that the intakes (5) of the liquid or pasty wastes are arranged on the covering cap (4) of said incinerator and open out above a device for distributing (6) said liquid or pasty wastes.

4. Incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that the intakes (5) of the liquid or pasty wastes are collected on the central Portion of the covering cap (4) and in that P18355.SO1 19 the distribution device (6) consists of a Convex circular PCT/FR98/00637 undulations (6a) on its periphery. dispersed having, preferably,

5. Incinerator according to any one Of claims I through 3, characterized in that the 5 third level (N3) comprises: - a high temperature combustion chamber (C3) arranged below the waste introduction chamber (C2) and freely communicating therewith, this chamber (C3) demarcated by a lateral wall (2); -a free iy rnat i ng e dw t th e bottm prt f sad cambr (C); an );- a loading grate (16) arranged at the bottom part of said chamber (C3); - and one or a plurality of compressed air injectors 10 (18) opening out into the bottom part of said chamber.

6. Incinerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 5, characterized in that it comprises an annular smoke collector (C ) arranged around the waste introduction chamber (C2) and around the high temperature combustion chamber (C3).

7. Incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that the high temperature combustion chamber (C3) communicates with the smoke collector (C) through a retardation device (14) installed at the bottom of said chamber.

8. Incinerator according to claim 7, characterized in that the retardation device (14) consists of a plurality of cylindrical perforated belts (4a, t4b, 1 4c, 14d) arranged concentrically and spaced at a distance from each other

9. Incinerator according to claim 8, characterized in that the cylindrical perorated belts (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) have perforations (I 4a t 14b', 4c, l4dr) whose diameters decrease from the center toward the outside.

10. Incinerator according to any one of claims I through 9, characterized in that at least one burner (15) is installed in the bottom part of the high temperature incineration chamber for the start-up ignition of said incinerator this burner (15) opening out, preferably, into the space demarcated by the inner grate (l4a) of the group of grates (14). P1835 5 .So 20

11. Incinerator according to one of claims 5 or 10, charactezed in that the loading grate (16) has an position inclined in the direction of a trap door (17) for evacuating the refractory wastes. 5

12. Incinerator according to one of claims 5 or 11, characterized in that the loading grate comprises tubular bars (1 6a) cooled by internal water circulation and bars (I 6b) with a V-shaped profile.

13. Incinerator according to any one of claims 5, 11, or 12, characterized in that the 10 bars (1 6a, 16b) of the loading grate (16) have at least one inclined Planar surface ( a , 16b') for receiving wastes.

14. Incinerator according to any one of claims I through 13, characterized in that its 5 second level (N2) consists of a group of superposed grates (23).

15. Incinerator according to claim 14, characterized in that the grates ( 2 3a, 23b) of the group of superposed grates (23) consist of flat bars ( 2 3at 23b) inclined around their longitudia axis, the flat bars ( 2 3a') of one of the grates have an inclination that is Opposite that of the flat bars (23 b) of the other grate.

16. Incinerator according to any one of claims I through 15, characterized in that a smoke scrubber device is installed between the smoke outlet 1 1) of said incinerator and the smoke pipe.

17. Method of incineration of liquid pasty, and solid waste using an incinerator according to any one of claims I through 16, characterized in that regulated quanttis of waste are introduced into this incinerator, on the one hand as a function of their state (solid, liquid, or pasty) and, on the other, as a function i of orde tomainain duing he erid ofse r, s a uncionof their calorific power, in order to maintain, during the period of use of the incinerator, a temperature of at least o200C in the high temperature zone (N3) thereof, for example, at a height on the order of 1200 mm with, preferably, the regulated addition of air, as a function of this P18355.S01 21 calorific power, in said zone. PCT/FR98/ 0 0 63 7

18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the signals provided by temperature sensors installed in the combustion chamber (C3) of the incinerator are Processed by a programmable controller, which controls: - the means of routing the liquid, and/or pasty, and/or solid wastes in the quantities and proportions desired, to said incinerator;, 10 - the injection of water in the top part thereof and, - the injection of compressed air into the combustion chamber (C3) 5

19. Method according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a regulated mixture Of liquid and/or muddy and/or solid wastes with a low calorific power and liquid and/or muddy and/or solid wastes with a high calorific power is introduced into eucieda , the percentage of high calorific Power wastes in this mixture being reduced and the percentage of low calorific Power wastes being increased Proportionally when the incineration temperature becomes greater than 1 2 000C in the high temperature zone N3, whereas, conversely, the percentage of high calorific power wastes in the mixture is increased and the percentage of low calorific Power wastes is reduced when the incineration temperature in this zone becomes less than a predetermined low threshold, for example, of bcm 50eCs

20. Method according to any one of claims 17 through 19, characterized in that the incineration of products having explosion risks due to their high content of flammable material occurs in the presence of the addition of water injected in the liquid state or by vaporization, these highly flammable products being capable of being introduced by vaporization in the form of a mixture with water.

21. Method according to any one of claims 17 through 20, characterized in that the P18355.SO] 22 PCT/FR98/00 6 3 7 cooling water is injected at the top part (N4) of the incinerator in order to maintain, in this part, a temperature less than 200 0 C. e 5

22. Method according to any one of claims 18 through 21, characterized in that the water used to adjust the temperature is taken from the smoke settling basin.