AU701225B2 - Encased retroreflective elements and method for making - Google Patents
Encased retroreflective elements and method for making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU701225B2 AU701225B2 AU58627/96A AU5862796A AU701225B2 AU 701225 B2 AU701225 B2 AU 701225B2 AU 58627/96 A AU58627/96 A AU 58627/96A AU 5862796 A AU5862796 A AU 5862796A AU 701225 B2 AU701225 B2 AU 701225B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- retroreflective
- layer
- sided
- retroreflector
- sided retroreflector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N milrinone Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C#N)=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1C PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003574 milrinone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene acrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PZWQOGNTADJZGH-SNAWJCMRSA-N (2e)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C=C PZWQOGNTADJZGH-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003413 degradative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHZOMAXECYYXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)C=C QHZOMAXECYYXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006226 ethylene-acrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006352 transparent thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/576—Traffic lines
- E01F9/578—Traffic lines consisting of preformed elements, e.g. tapes, block-type elements specially designed or arranged to make up a traffic line
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/506—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users characterised by the road surface marking material, e.g. comprising additives for improving friction or reflectivity; Methods of forming, installing or applying markings in, on or to road surfaces
- E01F9/524—Reflecting elements specially adapted for incorporation in or application to road surface markings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/496500 | 1995-06-29 | ||
| US08/496,500 US5835271A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1995-06-29 | Encased retroreflective elements and method for making |
| PCT/US1996/007162 WO1997001675A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-05-17 | Encased retroreflective elements and method for making |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU5862796A AU5862796A (en) | 1997-01-30 |
| AU701225B2 true AU701225B2 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
Family
ID=23972916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU58627/96A Expired AU701225B2 (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-05-17 | Encased retroreflective elements and method for making |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5835271A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0835348B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP3602540B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1198988C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU701225B2 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69616057T2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1997001675A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6365262B1 (en) | 1998-10-20 | 2002-04-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pavement marking articles having enhanced retroreflectivity under dry or wet conditions and method for making same |
| US6247818B1 (en) | 1998-10-20 | 2001-06-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making retroreflective elements having enhanced retroreflectivity under dry and/or wet conditions |
| US20050185279A1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2005-08-25 | Reflexite Corporation | Durable, open-faced retroreflective prismatic construction |
| US6967053B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2005-11-22 | Reflexite Corporation | Durable, open-faced retroreflective prismatic construction |
| US6966660B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2005-11-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Article exhibiting dry and wet retroreflectivity |
| US6511259B1 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2003-01-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Particle dispenser with fluid assist to control particle velocity for use on a moving vehicle |
| US6735789B2 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2004-05-18 | Southern Mills, Inc. | Reflective printing on flame resistant fabrics |
| NO316123B1 (no) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-12-15 | Trysil Maskin As | Markeringsbelegg for vegbaner, parkeringsplasser, vegavkjörsler o l, samt et apparat for avsetting av et slikt markeringsbelegg |
| US20030123930A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-03 | Jacobs Gregory F. | Matrix element magnetic pavement marker and method of making same |
| US20030123931A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-03 | Khieu Sithya S. | Matrix element pavement marker and method of making same |
| US7364314B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2008-04-29 | Reflexite Corporation | Optical structures |
| DE10236810A1 (de) * | 2002-08-10 | 2004-02-26 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Teilstrukturierte IMD-fähige Mehrschichtfolie |
| US6988693B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-01-24 | The Boeing Company | Methods and apparatus for passive illumination of refueling hoses |
| US7740413B1 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2010-06-22 | Thomas Grayson | Detectable warning system with field thermoplastic application |
| US6960989B1 (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2005-11-01 | Thomas Grayson | Detectable warning system |
| EP1709252B1 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2014-03-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective elements and articles |
| US7156528B2 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2007-01-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective elements and articles |
| US7168815B2 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2007-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective elements and articles |
| US20060024132A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-02 | Seman Todd J | Tactile warning system |
| US20060040575A1 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-02-23 | Kelleher Karen A | Reflective printing on flame resistant fabrics |
| US20080003430A1 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Particulate-loaded polymer fibers and extrusion methods |
| US7506987B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2009-03-24 | Technology Solutions & Invention Llc | Two-sided corner-cube retroreflectors and methods of manufacturing the same |
| US7820083B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2010-10-26 | Fortson-Peek Company, Inc. | Wet reflective pavement marking and method |
| US8840956B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2014-09-23 | Potters Industries, Llc | Retroreflective coating and method for applying a retroreflective coating on a structure |
| CN102282483B (zh) | 2008-11-18 | 2015-08-05 | 艾利丹尼森公司 | 可热成型的三维后向反射制品及其制造方法 |
| US20100272962A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Potters Industries Inc. | Reflective substrate surface system, reflective assembly, and methods of improving the visibility of a substrate surface |
| CA2730631C (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2015-03-31 | Potters Industries, Inc. | Reflective substrate surface system, reflective assembly, and methods of improving the visibility of a substrate surface |
| UA100619C2 (uk) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-10 | Вячеслав Васильевич Петров | Світлоповертальний елемент та спосіб кріплення світлоповертального елемента |
| US10280574B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2019-05-07 | M.B.G. Industries | Sinuous traffic line |
| AU2014379451B2 (en) | 2013-12-30 | 2019-05-02 | Avery Dennison Corporation | High reflectivity open bead method and material |
| EP3155462B1 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2019-10-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective articles with wash durable bead bond layers |
| CN108027463B (zh) | 2015-09-11 | 2021-12-07 | 3M创新有限公司 | 具有离子共聚物芯的耐用回射元件 |
| US11952732B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2024-04-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retro-reflective raised pavement marker and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| US12114084B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2024-10-08 | Nec Corporation Of America | Image based localization |
| US12198375B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2025-01-14 | Nec Corporation Of America | Image analysis for controlling movement of an object |
| US12067805B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2024-08-20 | Nec Corporation Of America | Facial gesture recognition in SWIR images |
| US12181695B2 (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2024-12-31 | Nec Corporation Of America | Retroreflector |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1349537A (fr) * | 1963-01-18 | 1964-01-17 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Structure douée d'un pouvoir de réflexion-réflexe |
| FR2222489A1 (enExample) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-10-18 | Eigenmann Ludwig | |
| US3920346A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1975-11-18 | Charles W Wyckoff | Apparatus for direction-indicating surface marking and the like |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2407680A (en) * | 1945-03-02 | 1946-09-17 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Reflex light reflector |
| US3274888A (en) * | 1962-01-19 | 1966-09-27 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Inorganic reflex-reflective aggregate |
| US3292507A (en) * | 1965-03-24 | 1966-12-20 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Markers |
| US3418896A (en) * | 1967-02-03 | 1968-12-31 | Prismo Safety Corp | Reflective markers and reflective elements therefor |
| US3746425A (en) * | 1970-04-07 | 1973-07-17 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Reflective road marking means and aggregate |
| SE377951B (enExample) * | 1970-09-21 | 1975-08-04 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | |
| GB1372878A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1974-11-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Elastomeric retro-reflective road surface marker |
| GB1459273A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1976-12-22 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Anti-skid and retroreflective components for road surface markings |
| GB1531480A (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1978-11-08 | Bagshaw R | Retroreflective elements |
| US4004930A (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1977-01-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluid composition for forming retroreflective structures |
| IT1054942B (it) * | 1976-01-14 | 1981-11-30 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Perfezionamento ai procedimenti per la produzione di elementi catari frangenti in particolare per segnaletica stradale relativi elementi perfezionati e materiale nastriforme per segnaletica stradale orizzontale comportante i detti elementi |
| US4025159A (en) * | 1976-02-17 | 1977-05-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cellular retroreflective sheeting |
| IT1063873B (it) * | 1976-11-10 | 1985-02-18 | Eigenmann Ludwig | Dispositivo catadiottrico per l'incremento della visibilita',in particolare in atmosfera nebbiosa,di mezzi per segnaletica stradale orizzontale,metodo per la sua produzione e materiali prefabbricati nastriformi,provvisti con tali dispositivi |
| US4100625A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1978-07-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Helmets and other articles reflectorized with retroreflective platelet particles |
| US4157210A (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1979-06-05 | Olinkraft, Inc. | Traffic channeling device |
| US4182548A (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1980-01-08 | Ferro Corporation | Retroreflective marking tape |
| US4358217A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1982-11-09 | Stone Walter E | Highway traffic lane and road edge reflectors |
| US4388359A (en) * | 1982-04-23 | 1983-06-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Embossed pavement-marking sheet material |
| US4575278A (en) * | 1983-01-19 | 1986-03-11 | Whitney James R | Rain draining lane marker |
| CA1268016C (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1990-04-24 | RETROREFLECTIVE PARTICLES, AND THEIR MANUFACTURE | |
| US4573763A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1986-03-04 | Eagle Industries, Inc. | Three-dimensional flexible reflectors |
| US4664966A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-05-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Enclosed-lens retroreflective sheeting having tough, weather-resistant, transparent cover film |
| US5227221A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1993-07-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Patterned skid preventative sheet |
| US4969713A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-11-13 | Brite Line Corporation | Marker strip surface for roadways and the like |
| US5087148A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1992-02-11 | Brite Line Corporation | Surface marker strip and methods for providing improved integrity and adhesion to roadways and the like |
| GB8910454D0 (en) * | 1989-05-06 | 1989-06-21 | Mone Bros Roadmarkings Limited | Road marking method |
| US5268789A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-12-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Retroreflective assembly and process for making same |
| DE9205350U1 (de) * | 1992-04-17 | 1992-06-17 | Swarco Vestglas Vestische Strahl- und Reflexglas GmbH, 4350 Recklinghausen | Reflexionskörper, insbesondere für Straßenmarkierungen |
| US5417515A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-05-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Retroreflective article with dual reflector |
-
1995
- 1995-06-29 US US08/496,500 patent/US5835271A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-17 AU AU58627/96A patent/AU701225B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-05-17 EP EP96920273A patent/EP0835348B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-17 JP JP50439997A patent/JP3602540B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-17 CN CNB961951583A patent/CN1198988C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-17 WO PCT/US1996/007162 patent/WO1997001675A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-17 DE DE69616057T patent/DE69616057T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1349537A (fr) * | 1963-01-18 | 1964-01-17 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Structure douée d'un pouvoir de réflexion-réflexe |
| FR2222489A1 (enExample) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-10-18 | Eigenmann Ludwig | |
| US3920346A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1975-11-18 | Charles W Wyckoff | Apparatus for direction-indicating surface marking and the like |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9710369A (es) | 1998-07-31 |
| DE69616057D1 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
| JP3602540B2 (ja) | 2004-12-15 |
| JPH11508652A (ja) | 1999-07-27 |
| CN1189866A (zh) | 1998-08-05 |
| DE69616057T2 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
| WO1997001675A1 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
| CN1198988C (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
| US5835271A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
| EP0835348B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
| EP0835348A1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| AU5862796A (en) | 1997-01-30 |
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