AU692576B2 - Microbe-containing herbicide and method of application thereof - Google Patents

Description

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SPECIFICATION

A herbicide containing microorganism and a using method of it FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a herbicide which contains both microorganisms having weed control ability and at least one of selected vegetable oils, mineral oils, and silicone as effective components, and also relates to a weed control method by using the herbicide.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, variety of chemical weed control agents are used, however, there are many problems that the appearance of resistant weels, chemical injury for crops, increasing perennial weeds which are hard to control depend on weed species changing and so forth. On the other hand, since new agriculture which preserves environment attracts much attention, biological weed control which does not use any chemical weeds control agent is focused. In a recent few years, the weed control using microorganisms has been studied, and in the USA several kinds of such agents are commercialized. For examples, DeVine(Abbott Laboratories) of which effective component is chlamydospore of Phytophthora palmivora, pathogenic to Asclepiadaceae weeds grown in orange farm, or Collego(Ecogene) of which effective one is spore of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp.

aeschynomene, pathogenic to Leguminosae weeds grown in paddy fields or soy bean fields are given. Otherwise, Lu-boa No.

II~P~ol~llblllll 18ll0la*il ~a~lasl O I 2 which employs Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to control Cuscuta which parasites to soy beans(Glycine max Merr.) is sold in China, and BioMal(Pilom Bios) which employs Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Malvae to control round-leaved mallow-grown in wheat fields is sold in Canada.

In general, spores can be dried are easily formulated as water dispersible powder and so forth. However, such powder should be diluted by using water before use, which means that they require a great deal of labor. For example, Collego is sold as a set comprises a powder containing the spores as its effective component and a solution containing sucrose to suspend the powder. Therefore, these two components in the set should be mixed before use and diluted with water. Furthermore, there is a problem that such formulation makes powder be raised in the air. In contrast, DeVine which is sold as concentrated liquid containing mycobiant has no problem as described above. However, DeVine has another problem that it can not be store for a long time(Weed Science, 1986, 34(Suppl. 1):15-16).

In a recent few years, herbicides employing plant pathogens, of which hosts are various kinds of weeds, are developing in Japan. Particularly, the development of the herbicide for Echinochloa spectes is advanced, and it is proposed to formulate the herbicide containing pathogens for Echinochloa spectes alone or a component of the mixture with original drugs, and the method is similar to the formulation method of the conventional chemical herbicide(the Japanese patent application laid-open HEI 4-226,905 and HEI 4- 360,678). However, the formulations described in such -~cl -raa ~I applications are the same as those conventionally used, and they still have several problems such as uneven distribution when they are distributed, and raising powder in the air when they are diluted.

THE PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention provides means to solve such problems contained in the conventional herbicides and the weed control methods. Particularly, the present invention provides a herbicide without dilution by using water before use and with good storage properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention accomplished a former invention based on the knowledge that the compositions comprising oils such as vegetable oils, mineral oils, and silicone are effective to control weeds grown in the paddy fields, and already filed (the Japanese patent application laid-open HEI oo 5-333,087).

0* 20 The inventors further have been studying about the oils described above; they found that the microorganisms can be stored for a long time in such oils, and t* the weed control ability of the microorganisms are remarkably enhanced by such oils; then they accomplished the present invention.

0 Firstly, the present invention features that the herbicide includes both the 25 herbically effective microorganisms and at least one compound selected from the vegetable oils, mineral oils, and silicone as the effective component. As the imcroorganisms employed here, 0 0 to* C: VVINWOROUELSSA(.UNJ ODLETPEC IW903PCDO microorganisms belong to Exserohilum or Curvnularia genus are given, and Exserohilum monoceras is preferable. As the weed for a target to control, that belongs to Echinochloa genus is given.

The present invention thus provides a herbicide including both a herbicidally effective microorganism and at least one selected from a vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone as effective components.

Secondly, the present invention features that the weed control method characterized by directory spraying the herbicide of the present invention onto paddy fields. As a concrete example, the directly dripping method is given.

The present invention therefore provides a method of controlling weeds in a paddy field including spraying onto the paddy field a herbicide as herein described.

The present invention is described in detail herein below.

The herbicide provided by the present invention has a different composition from that of the commercialised herbicide containing the microorganism and the weed control effect given by the herbicide is remarkably enhanced when the herbicide is formulated according to the process also provided by the present invention. On the other hand, the herbicide of the 20 present invention rapidly spread on the surface of the water flooded the paddy field since it contains oils such as the vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone with which the microorganisms can spread on the surface to give even effect for any place in the flooded paddy field. Furthermore, when the composition is formulated according to the present invention, not only the microorganism having 25 the weed control ability can be stored for a long time but also other microorganisms.

The present invention provides the herbicide containing both the herbically sffective microorganism and at lease one component selected from the vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone. When the herbicide containing the C IWINMORDWELISSAWI{NCELLEEm'PECI299O9SPPCOC ,~ll~el' l 11 microorganisms belong to Exserohilum or Curvularia genus are given, and Exserohilum monoceras preferable. As the weed for a target to control, that belongs to Echinochloa genus is given.

Secondly, the present invention features that the weed control method characterized by directory spraying the herbicide of the present invention onto paddy fields. As a concrete example, the directly dripping method is given.

The present invention is described in detail herein below.

The herbicide provided by the present invention has a different composition from that of the commercialized herbicide containing the microorganism and the weed control effect given by the herbicide is remarkably enhanced when the herbicide is formulated according to the process also provided by the present invention. On the other hand, the herbicide of the present invention rapidly spread on the surface of the 'water flooded the paddy field since it contains oils such as the vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone with which the microorganisms can spread on the surface to give even effect for any place in the flooded paddy field. Furthermore, when the composition is formulated according to the present invention, not only the microorganism having the weed control ability can be stored for a long time but also other microorganisms.

The present invention provides the herbicide containing both the microorganism having weed control ability and aleast one component selected from the vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone. When the herbicide containing the 4 ~1_1 microorganism of the present invention is directly dripped onto the water surface of the paddy field at one or some places, the herbicide spread rapidly because of the abovementioned component characteristics; the herbicide of the present invention gives excellent weed control effect compared with that of the microorganism aqueous suspension in surfactant solution. These reason is thought that the above-mentioned oils such as the vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone give damages to the target weeds to synergize the effect given by the microorganisms having the weed control ability. Since the herbicide of the present invention is liquid to be dripped onto the water surface directly and it does not need to be dissolved in water before use, there is no danger for operators. In contrast, powders are raised in the air because they should be dissolved in water before use. Furthermore, since the present invention containing oils described above, microorganism spores with hydrophobic surface are effectively used as an active component of the herbicide.

Since the oils such as the vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone are contained in the herbicide of the present invention, and they are swimming of the water surface for a long time to give effect for weeds. Such oils do not dissolve into water, the herbicide has quite low possibility to cause water pollution in marginal water system.

Furthermore, since the dosage of herbicide of the present invention per area is quite low, the herbicide gives very low effect to environment. The herbicide of the present I IgIQ invention further has an advantage of the long time storage at normal temperature.

As examples of mineral oils which can be employed in the present invention are as follows, but not limited to them: spindle oil, heavy white oil, light white oil, mineral spirit, mineral turpentine, naphtene oil, paraffin oil, machine oil for agricultural chemicals.

As examples of vegetable oils which can be employed in the present invention are as follows, but not limited to them: soy bean oil, rapeseed oil, caster oil, cotton seed oil, palm oil, safflower oil.

As examples of silicone which can be employed in the present invention are as follows, but not limited to them: in general, silicone oil is used, particularly the silicone oil TSF-451-10(Toshiba Silicone) or another silicone oil SAG-47(Nippon Unicar) are given.

Any kind of microorganisms employed in the present invention may be used when they have the weed control ability, however, the microorganism belongs to Exserohilum or Curvularia genus are preferable, and particularly preferable is that belongs to Exserohilum monoceras.

Concretely, Exserohilum monoceras B026(FERM BP-4215), Exserohilum monoceras B232(FERM BP-4217), Exserohilum monoceras B263(FERM BP-4218), Exserohilum monoceras B267(FERM BP-4219), Exserohilum monoceras B276(FERM BP- 4220), Culvularia lunata B-261(FERM BP-4249), Curvularia lunata B-236(FERM BP-4248), Curvularia lunata var. aeria B- 245(FERM BP-4247) are given as preferable examples. In the present invention, using conidia of these microorganisms are I II I ~YI~Fl preferable; however, instead of such conidia, ascospores or fragments of hyphae can be employed. The conidia are obtained by culturing these microorganisms for 5 to 10 days on potato dextrose agar, or oatmeal dextrose agar. Since any conidium of the microorganisms has hydrophobic surface, it has the problem that it is easily raised in the air when they are dried. The process of the present invention can solve the problem, and it makes such conidia treatment easily and safely. Conidium number of Exserohilum monoceras employed in the present invention is 1 x 103 /L to 1 x 11 preferably 1 x 105 to 1 x 10 10 On the other hand, the number of Curvularia is 1 x 10 5 /L to 1 x 10 15

/L,

preferably 1 x 101 0 to 1 x 10 12

/L.

The herbicide of the present invention may contain various additives. For example, nitrogen sources available for mycobiant growth such as nitric acid salts, ammonia, amino acids, and carbon sources; substances accelerate spore germination such as carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salts, condensates of naphthalenesulufonic acid sodium salt and formaldehyde, and polyethylene glycol; humectant such as polysaccharides represented by hyaluronic acid, proteins such as collagen and lecithin, glycerin, and fat and oils and so forth are given.

When both the mineral and vegetable oils are employed as oils in the present invention, their ratio in the oil component are as follows. The mineral oil is equal or less than 99.5 weight preferably 50 to 99.5 weight and the vegetable oil is equal or less than 60 weight preferably to 50.0 weight c I sBYssll~i- When both the mineral oil and silicone are employed as the oils in the present invention, their ratio in the oils component are as follows. The mineral oil is equal or less than 99.5 weight preferably 85.0 to 99.5 weight and silicone is equal or less than 15.0 weight preferably to 15.0 weight When both the vegetable oil and silicone are employed as the oils in the present invention, their ratio in the oil component is as follows. The vegetable oil is equal or less than 99.5 weight preferably 85 to 99.5 weight and silicone is equal or less than 15.0 weight preferably to 15.0 weight When three components, the mineral oil, vegetable oil, and silicone is employed as oils in the present invention, the ratio of them in the oils are as follows. The mineral oil is equal or less than 99.5 weight preferably 50 to 99.5 weight the vegetable oil is equal or less than 60.0 weight preferably 0.25 to 45.0 weight and silicone is equal or less than 10.0 weight preferably 0.25 to weight The herbicide of the present invention is effective to any kind of weed grown in the paddy field, particularly it is effective to gramineous weeds. Among of the gramineous weeds, the herbicide is effective to weeds belongs to Echinochloa genus. Particularly, effective to Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi, Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv. var. praticola Ohwi, Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var. formosensis Ohwi., Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv.

The herbicide of the present invention can control the weed e~Il s161P~~- Iat any growth stage; however, it is particularly effective to the weed at the early growth stage, because the whole plant body of the weed are sunk in flooded water of the paddy field. For example, it is very effective to young Echinochloa species up to 2-leaf stage. The herbicide of the present invention does not give any effect for the growth of rice plant available crop in the paddy field.

When the herbicide of the present invention is used for ordinary paddy fields, the herbicide can be used in any way, and not limited. However, it is preferable to drip the herbicide directly onto the flooded paddy field.

The herbicide of the present invention can use any season; however, it is used after pudding and leveling, preferably during short time after rice transplanting, because the herbicide is effective to the young weed sunk in flooded water.

When the herbicide of the present invention is used in the field, the dosage of the herbicide is as follows: when the herbicide contain conidia of Exserohilum monoceras, it correspond to 1 x 10 2 to 1 x 1015 conidia/10 are, preferably 1 x 105 to 1 x 1011 conidia/10 are; when the herbicide contains Curvularia genus, 1 x 104 to 1 x 1019/10 are, preferably 1 x 10 10 to 1 x 1013 conidia/10 are.

EXAMPLE

The present invention is explained by using EXAMPLES herein below. However, the present invention is not limited by these EXAMPLES.

[EXAMPLE 1] Long time storage test -1 -~o 8111~ L9 IPIC~II -I Preparation of spore suspension Exserohilum monoceras B026 is cultured on the potato dextrose agar, and formed conidia are recovered and dried.

Then, the conidia are added into the oil mixture of spindle oil: caster oil: silicone (TOSIBA Silicone)= 95:4:1. Thus, the conidium suspension of 1 x 107 /ml in oil mixture is prepared as a sample suspension. As a control suspension, the conidium suspension of the same number is prepared by using 0.02 weight of Triton X-100 aqueous solution.

Long time storage of the conidium suspension Both the sample and control suspension are dispensed with 1 ml/2 ml of an amber ampoule to seal, the tubes are stored at the temperature of 4 0 C, 25 0 C, or 40 0 C. Sealed ampoules containing dried conidia are prepared and stored at the same temperature. The stored ampoules are sampled at the certain interval, and all the ampoules sampled are opened. Then the liquid in both the sample suspension or the control suspension ampoules are discarded. At this process, since the both conidia contained in sample or control suspension are washed by using hexane to remove oils from the conidium surface, dried conidia are also washed by using hexane to give the same condition. Then the washed conidia are suspended in 1 glucose solution respectively, and 25 pl is dripped onto a slide glass placed in a humid chamber. The conidia are cultured for 24 hr at 25 0 C in a dark place, then the germination ratio of the conidia are determined according to the following procedure; fifty conidia are arbitrarily selected to count the number of germinated one by using a microscope, and expressed the 1, ratio as their percentages. The procedure is repeated three times, and calculated average values to assesses their long time storage properties. The result is shown in Table 1.

ypl~p-S~ Table 1 Long time storage test formulations germination ratio(%) 1 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks control suspensions *1 stored at 4 0 C 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 sample suspension *2 stored at 4 0 C 95 96 93 91 98 93 0 C 82 84 73 dried conidium stored at 4°C 94 99 93 89 95 84 0 C 77 2 0 the conidia are suspended in 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution.

the conidia are suspended in the oil containing composition described above.

Table 1 showed that the herbicide of the present invention is suitable to store for a long time.

Particularly, the herbicide of the present invention gave good results compared with both conidia in the control suspensions or those dried at high temperature.

cl a. P [EXAMPLE 2] Growth inhibition test for Echinochloa crus-galli at 1/10,000 are Formulation containing Exserohilum monoceras Echinochloa crus-galli seedlings are grown by using soils from the paddy fields in pots with 10 x 10 cm size (1/10,000 are) up to the 1.5-leaf stage. Then the pots are placed in pools to flood them with water to sink the seedling completely. Then, the pots are treated by using the herbicide by dripping. Details of the treatments are as follows.

Treatment A: Ten 1l of 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution alone is dripped into the pot(100 ml/are). The pots treated described above are refereed to as no treatment ones.

Treatment B: The conidia of Exserohilum monoceras B026 are recovered and dried as the same as EXAMPLE 1. The conidia, 4 x 104(4 x 10 8 /are) are suspended by using 10 yl of 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution(100 ml/ere) and to drip into the pots.

Treatment C: The oil mixture comprising spindle oil: caster oil: silicone(TOSHIBA Silicone) 95:4:1 is prepared, and 10 pl of it is dripped into the pots(100 mi/are).

Treatment D: The conidia of Exserohilum monoceras B026 are recovered and dried as the same as EXAMPLE 1. The conidia, 4 x 104(4 x 10 8 /are) are suspended by using 10 pl of the oil mixture comprising spindle oil: caster oil: silicone(TOSHIBA Silicone) 95:4:1(100 ml/are) and drip into the pots.

I g Each pot has 10 seedlings and is treated according to the above Treatments A to D respectively.

The growth of Echinochloa crus-galli in each pot is observed in three weeks to compare the difference of the seedling growth among the treated and non-treated. When no difference is observed between those in the treated and no treated pots, the inhibition is 0 When complete inhibition is observed, the inhibition is 100 The degree of the growth inhibition is decided using them as 0 and 100 standards. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Tests in 1/10,000 are scale treatment growth inhibition ratio 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks A 0 0 0 B 50 40 C 65 50 D 90 80 Note: Values described in Table 2 show the degree of growth inhibition.

The day that pots are treated is day 0.

Not treated Echinochola crus-galli in water elongate beyond the water surface into the air. In contrast, treated Echinochola crus-galli could not elongate beyond the water surface, because the plant is covered by the herbicide of the present invention when the top of the plant reaches the water surface. Among of such plants, some sample had -I necrosis in whole body. Furthermore, the result showed that the growth inhibition effect for the plant is remarkably enhanced when the mixture of the oil composition and mycobiant are formulated according to the present invention compared to either the oil component or mycobiant is employed alone. These treatment do not give any effect to the growth of rice plant, an available crop in the paddy field.

Formulation containing conidia of Curvularia genus The same tests as the formulation containing conidia of Echinochloa crus-galli is performed. Details of the treatment is as follows.

Treatment E: Ten py of 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution alone is dripped into the pot(100 ml/are). The pots treated described above are refereed to as no treated pots.

Treatment F: The conidia of Curvularia genus B-261 cultured are recovered and dried similarly to Exserohilum monoceras B026. The conidia, 1 x 106(1 x 10 10 /are) is suspended by using 10 pl of 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution(100 ml/are) and drip into the pot.

Treatment G: The oil mixture comprising spindle oil: caster oil: silicone(TOSHIBA Silicone) 95:4:1 is prepared, and 10 pl of it is dripped into the pot(100 ml/are).

Treatment H: The conidia of Curvularia genus B-261 is recovered and dried as the same as described above. The conidia, 1 x 106(1 x 10 10 /are) are suspended by using 10 p1 of the oil mixture comprising spindle oil: caster oil: Fs~u~- silicone(TOSHIBA Silicone) 95:4:1(100 mi/are) and drip into the pot.

Each pot has 5 seedlings, and the pots are treated by the above Treatments A to D respectively.

The growth of Curvularia genus B-261 in each pot is observed in three weeks to compare the difference of the seedling growth among the treatment pot and non-treatment pot as described above. The results is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Tests in 1/10,000 are scale by using Curvularia genus treatment growth inhibition ratio 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks E 0 0 0 F 10 40 G 40 50 H 70 85 Note: Values described in the table show the degree of growth inhibition.

The day that the pot are treated is day 0.

Not treated Echinochloa crus-galli in water elongate beyond the water surface into the air. In contrast, the treated Echinochola crus-galli could not elongate beyond water surface, because the top the plant is covered by the herbicide of the present invention when the plant reaches the water surface. Among such plants, some plants had necrosis in whole body. Furthermore, the result showed that 4 4 16 ~a the growth inhibition effect for the plant is remarkably enhanced when the mixture of the oil composition and mycobiant are formulated according to the present invention compared to either the oil component or mycobiant is employed alone. These treatment do not give any effect to the growth of rice plant, an available crop in the paddy field.

[EXAMPLE 3] Scale up tests of the growth inhibition for Echinochola crus-galli Twenty seedlings of Echinochola crus-galli is grown by using soils from the paddy field in one pot with 10 x 10 cm size(1/10,000 are) up to the 1.5 to 2-leaf stage. Then these pots are sunk into a pool with 75 x 100 cm size flooded by water and the pool is placed in a greenhouse maintained at the temperature 25 OC in day time and 22 0 C in night time. Water depth is enough to sink the pots completely, and the distance between the soil surface of the pot and water surface is about 5 cm. Four pots are set on two diagonal lines of the pool and 40 cm from their cross point. The compositions correspond to treatment E to H are dropped on the center of the pools. After the pools are placed in the greenhouse for 4 weeks, body weights of Echinochola crus-galli remained in the pots are weighed; then the improvement for the Echinochola crus-galli growth inhibition given by the compositions described above is studied. The details of the treatments are as follows.

Treatment 1: Seven hundred and fifty pl of 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution alone is dripped into the c p~s -ACCI-Rl~l pot(100 mi/are). The pots treated as described above are refereed to as no treatment pots.

Treatment 2: The conidia of Exserohilum monoceras B026 are recovered and dried as the same as EXAMPLE 1. The conidia, 7.5 x 10 5 (10 8 /are) are suspended by using 750 pJ of 0.02 Triton X-100 aqueous solution(100 mi/are) and drip into the pot.

Treatment 3: The oil mixture comprising spindle oil: caster oil: silicone(TOSHIBA Silicone) 95:4:1 is prepared and 750 pl of it is dripped into the pot(10 ml/are).

Treatment 4: The conidia of Exserohilum monoceras B026 are similarly recovered and dried as EXAMPLE 1. The conidia, 7.5 x 10 5 (10 8 /are) are suspended by using 75 1l of the oil mixture comprising spindle oil: caster oil: silicone(TOSHIBA Silicone) 95:4:1(100 ml/are) and drip it into the pot.

In order to measure both the weed control effect and spreading properties, Echinochola crus-galli plants remained in 4 pots, which are placed 40 cm from the pool center as each treatment described above. Such plants are weighed, and average values are calculated to compare. The result is shown in Table 4.

et l r 18 I l^t l 10 r C C Table 4 Scale up test Treatment plant fresh weight(wet g) 1 9.2 2 11.0 3 9.8 4 Note: the values described in Table 4 show the average of the plants remained in outside 4 pots.

The pots that treated described above is the day 0.

Followed by this test, the herbicide composition containing mycobiant by using oils described above. The synergistic effect given by mycobiant and the oils containing in the herbicide composition for Echinochcla crus-galli is studied, and it is expressed as the growth inhibition for Echinochola crus-galli. The expected weed control effect is calculated by using the method of S R Colby("Calulating Synergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations" Weeds. 15/1, 1967 pp. 20-22), and the effect is compared to actual weed control effect for Echinochola crus-galli, that is the growth inhibition for Echinochola crus-galli.

E(expected growth inhibition effect) X Y-XY/100 X: the growth inhibition effect given by the composition containing mycobiant alone(this effect shown as the treatment 2 in Table 4) S/ 19 e IY _L Y: the growth inhibition effect given by the composition containing oils alone(this effect shown as the treatment 3 in Table 4) The growth inhibition effect given by each treatment described in Table 4 is calculated as follows. Subtract the weight of plant growing in each treated area from that growing in no treatment area. The subtracted value is divided by the weight of the plant growing in no treated area, and expressed as percentages to show the growth inhibition effect given by each treatment area.

The growth inhibition effect given by the treatment 2, is -19.6 and that given by the treatment 3 is -6.5 Based on these value, the expected growth inhibition effect, that is the expected growth inhibition effect given by the treatment 4 is calculated -27.4 The actual growth inhibition effect given by the treatment 4 is 56.5 and this value is greatly higher than the expected growth inhibition described above. Therefore, it is shown that the formulation process according to the present invention enhances the growth inhibition by mycobiant greatly.

Thus, it is demonstrated that the growth inhibition effect of the weed is greatly improved when the herbicide containing plant pathogens for the weed is formulated according to the present invention and used for such weed.

It also demonstrated that since the herbicide composition of the present invention spread on the water surface of the flooded paddy field, when the pesticide is dropped onto the surface, it gives even effect to whole paddy field.

I II ~r~l Furthermore, the treatments 1 to 4 do not give any growth inhibition for rice plant.

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention makes the long time storage of the microorganisms having the weed control ability with high survival ratio possible, and also the weed control ability of the microorganisms enhance possible.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as "comprising" and "comprises", is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

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Claims (10)

1. A herbicide including both a herbicidally effective microorganism and at least one selected from a vegetable oil, mineral oil, and silicone as effective components.

2. The herbicide according to claim 1, wherein said herbicidally effective microorganism is that belonging to Exserohilum or Curvularia genus.

3. The herbicide according to claim 2, wherein said microorganism belonging to Exserohilum genus is Exserohilum monoceras.

4. The herbicide according to claim 2, wherein said microorganism belonging to Curvularia genus is Curvularia lunata.

The herbicide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weed for control is that belonging to Echinochola genus. 00

6. A method of controlling weeds in a paddy field including spraying onto the 20 paddy field a herbicide according to any one of claims 1 to

7. The method of controlling weeds according to claim 6, wherein said S method is performed by dropping the herbicide directly onto the flooded paddy field. S t:

8. A herbicide according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples.

9. A method of controlling weeds according to claim 6, substantially as 30 hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples. DATED: 20 April 1998 PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for: JAPAN TOBACCO INC. C WIt ORDDCELISSAWCCNODELETSPECNB P DOC 1 4 ABSTRACT The present invention provide a herbicide containing both a microorganism having the weed control ability belongs to Exserohilum or Curvularia genus and at least one component selected from a vegetable oil, mineral oil and silicone as effective components. The microorganisms survive in the herbicide, and the weed control ability of the microorganism is enhanced in the herbicide of the present invention. S i' 23 -p I INTERN)ATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application No, PCT/JP95/01455 A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER Int. C1 6 A01N63/00, 61/00, 65/00, 55/00 According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPC B. FIELDS SEARCHED Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols) Int. C16 A01N63/00, 61/00, 65/00, 55/00 Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used) BIOSIS PREVIEWS C. DOCUMEN1 ONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT Category* Citation of document, with indicationi, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No. PX JP, 6-321721, A (Japan Tobacco Inc.), 1, 2, 5-7 November 22, 1994 (22, 11. 94), Claim, line 49, column 2 to line 4, column 3, table 2, page 5 (Family: none) PA JP, 6-247822, A (Japan Tobacco Inc.), 1 3 September 6, 1994 (06. 09. 94), Line 44, column 3 to line 2, column 4 EP, 605221, Al EA JP, 7-187915, A (Japan Tobacco Inc.), 1 7 July 25, 1995 (25. 07. 95) (Family: none) A JP, 5-284963, A (Japan Tobacco Inc.), 1 7 November 2, 1993 (02. 11. 93)(Family: none) A JP, 5-25010, A (Montekrist 1 7 February 2, 1993 (02. 02. 93)(Family: none) A JP, 45-22755, B1 Philips' 1 7 Gloeilampenfabrieken), X urther documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. See patent family annex. Special caegories of cited documents: laterdocument publishedaftcrtheintoenational filing dateorprority document defining the general state of the art which is not considered date and not n conflct with the application butcited to rstan to be of particular relevance the prnciple or theory underlying the invention earlier document but published on or after the international filing date document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an inventive document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or which Is step when the document is taken alone cited to establish the publication date of another citation or other special reason (as specified) document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other considered to involve an inventive step when the document is means combined with one or more othersuch documents, such combination being obvious to a person skilled in the art document published prior to the international filing date but later than b g o s to a s e n te a the priority date claimed document member of the same patent family Date of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report October 3, 1995 (03.

10. 95) October 24, 1995 (24. 10. Name and mailing address of the ISA/ Authorized officer Japanese Patent Office Facsimile No. Telephone No. Form PCT/ISA/210 (secod sheet) (July 1992) 1 INTE RNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application No. PCT/JP95/01455 C (Continuation). DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT Category* Citation atf document, with indication, where appropriate, aof the relevant passages FRelevant to claim No. July 31, 1.970 (31. 07. 70) (Family: none) Form PCTIISAI21O (continuation of second sheet) (July 1992) 04 MN tR D CT/J P 9 5/01455 A. (I PC)) I nt. 0t' A01N63/00 .61/00.65/00.55/00 B. 1Wt-t~zalNR!4 (IM M I P C)) hI t. 0ta AO 1N6 3/00 ,61/00,.65/0 0,.55/00 BIOSIS PREVIEWS PX J P, 6 ,A *i 1, 2, PA J P, 6 -2 4 78 22, A k -9 6. 9 A 19 9 4( 06. 0 9. 9 4) BEP, 6 0 52 21, Al r u F Lj r~fl )A Twt:-ci-5 z rpi w o) ayit L tZ f BtO r&j 2- -3M 03. 10. 9 5 24.10.95 NJ-TfWl 4 H 8 5 1 7 oqtPT 0 0 A-4~I-~ L 3?M=FNZWMTH 4 t 3 XAg V OAP C T/I S A/2 03(Z 2 (I1 9 9 IF3444 I JMMMNV PCT/JP 9 5 01455 lEA J P, 7- 1 8 7 1-7 2 5. 7A. 19 9 5( 25. 07 9 5)(7I A J P, 5 -2 8 49 3,A J- At), 1-7 A J P, 5 -2 50 10, A 5P, 1-7 2. 2A. 1 99 3( 0 2. 0 2. 9 3) -7:,z A J P, 4 5- 2 2 755, Bi 1zr )7 1-7 3 1. 7A~. 1 9 7 0 3 1. 0 7. 7 L QA CT I_ LA/ 1 A0-.V)9)0992 7