AU685221B2 - A medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imaging procedures - Google Patents

A medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imaging procedures Download PDF

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Publication number
AU685221B2
AU685221B2 AU14906/95A AU1490695A AU685221B2 AU 685221 B2 AU685221 B2 AU 685221B2 AU 14906/95 A AU14906/95 A AU 14906/95A AU 1490695 A AU1490695 A AU 1490695A AU 685221 B2 AU685221 B2 AU 685221B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
antenna
medical appliance
magnetic resonance
conductor
resonance imaging
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AU14906/95A
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AU1490695A (en
Inventor
Graeme C. Mckinnon
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Schneider Europe GmbH
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Schneider Europe GmbH
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/285—Invasive instruments, e.g. catheters or biopsy needles, specially adapted for tracking, guiding or visualization by NMR
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/09—Guide wires

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A guidewire 9 for vascular procedures is formed by a coaxial cable acting as antenna in a magnetic resonance imaging system 1. <IMAGE>

Description

I This invention relates to a medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imaging procedures performed on a body, comprising an antenna detecting magnetic resonance response signals, the antenna intended to be inserted into the body for interacting with a magnetic resonance procedure for calculating the position of the medical appliance in the body.
Tracking of catheters and other devices positioned within a body may be achieved by means of a magnetic resonance imaging system in order to avoid using X-rays and the risk of accumulated X-ray dose to the patient and long term exposure to the attending medical staff.
S. 15 Typically, such a magnetic resonance imaging system may be comprised of magnet means, pulsed magnetic field gradient generating means, a transmitter for electromagnetic waves in radio-frequency, a radio-frequency receiver, a processor, and a controller. The device to 20 be tracked has attached to its end a small coil of electrically conductive wire. The patient is placed into the magnet means and the device is inserted into the e patient. The magnetic resonance imaging system generates electromagnetic waves in radio-frequency and magnetic 25 field gradient pulses that are transmitted into the patient and that induce a resonant response signal from selected nuclear spins within the patient. This response signal induces current in the coil of electrically conductive wire attached to the device. The coil thus detects the nuclear spins in the vicinity of the coil. The radio-frequency receiver receives this detected response signal and processes it and then stores it with the controller. This is repeated in three orthogonal directions. The gradients cause the frequency of the detected signal to be directly proportional to the position of the radio-frequency coil along each applied gradient.
The position of the radio-frequency coil inside the patient 2 may therefore be calculated by processing the data using Fourier transformations so that a positional picture of the coil is arhieved. Since however the coil only reacts, literally not a positional picture of the coil but in fact a positional picture of the position of the response signals inside the patient is achieved. Since this positional picture contains no information yet on the region surrounding the immediate vicinity of the coil, this positional picture can be superposed with a magnetic resonance image of the region of interest. In this case the picture of the region may have been taken and stored at the same occasion as the positional picture or at any earlier occasion.
15 Radio-frequency antennas in the form of a coil couple inductively to the electromagnetic field and they allow obtaining a substantially spatially uniform magnetic field which results in a relatively uniform image intensity over a wide region. The problem is however that coil 20 configurations are bulky (the received signal is determined by the loop diameter) and cannot be implemented for use in narrow vessels, whereby their use for the placement medical appliances such as catheters may be critical.
Furthermore, the spot image which is provided for by the coil antenna does not allow knowing or even evaluating the orientation of the device; as a result, the magnetic resonance imaging system cannot be used for steering the device into tortuous areas such as blood vessels.
European Patent N' 0165742 describes a catheter for use with magnetic resonance imaging systems. This catheter comprises a sheath which has embedded within the wall thereof a pair of conductors preferably formed of a foil composite obtained by plating of conductive materials of selected magnetic susceptibility to yield a composite of desired susceptibility substantially matching that of the sheath. In this way, the magnetic invisibility 3 of the catheter is maintained. The tip of the catheter contains a loop connecting the conductors, the plane of such a loop being preferably transverse to the catheter symmetry axis. As explained in the document, when excited by a weak pulse source, the loop supports a dipole magnetic field which locally distorts the magnetic resonance image providing an image cursor on the magnetic resonance imaging display, and a low magnetic susceptibility functional element such as a light pipe threaded into the catheter sheath allows direction of the catheter through selected blood vessels. The essence of this structure is thus the accurate location and monitoring of the catheter tip.
However, this is achieved within the environment of a bulky configuration which cannot be advanced through narrow 15 vessels and which cannot be steered by reference to the :magnetic resonance imaging system.
*o.The document WO 87/04080 shows surgical catheters composed of alternating annular segments of non-magnetic materials 20 which are highly opaque to nuclear magnetic resonance examination and less opaque, respectively. These catheters have thin coatings of silicone rubber on their external o Ssurface as well as on the internal surface of their main central lumen. A plurality of further lumens are S 25 distributed circumferentially within the catheter wall and guidance wires are housed in said lumens, secured at the distal end of the catheter wall and coupled to a joystick at the proximal end of the catheter for individual tightening and relaxing to permit radial guidance of the distal end of the catheter. The central lumen of the catheter and still further secondary lumens arranged in the catheter wall are for the distribution of various drugs or for surgical tools such as optic fiber for laser surgery or suturing devices or still stitching grippers. By these arrangements, location of the catheters is apparent under nuclear magnetic resonance examination, visually at the distal end. These structures are however 4 bulky and they have the same drawbacks as outlined hereinbefore.
European Patent Application published under N' 0385367 shows an insertable prostate pick-up probe devised for being a nuclear magnetic resonance receiving device capable of imaging spectra from the human prostate and surrounding tissue; this probe may also be used as the transmit coil for radio-frequency excitation. This probe is intended to be used with an interface network providing the tuning, impedance matching, and decoupling functions, and including a connection to a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.
The probe includes a shaft supporting a patient interface balloon at its distal end, comprising an inner balloon 15 and an outer balloon, the inner balloon being capable of being inflated with air supplied through a lumen within the shaft. A non-stretchable plane formed of an adhesive backed cloth material partly covers the inner balloon and serves as a guide for a flexible receiving coil 20 arranged between the inner balloon and the outer balloon, this coil being electrically connected to the interface via an insulated cable extending through the shaft. Upon inflation, the non-stretchable plane rises and forces the receiving coil and outer balloon against the region S 25 of interest so that the receiving coil is in position to receive the best possible radio-frequency signal from the region of interest. Special indentations forming a shell are provided on the outer balloon to act as coil positioners when the balloon is in its uninflated state so that the coil may be repeatedly positioned relative to the shell inside the outer balloon for numerous clinical inflation and deflation cycles. A colored stripe is marked on the shaft, possibly including a scale, for indicating the distance which the shaft has been inserted into the patient and also the radial orientation of the balloon for proper alignment with the region of interest. In operation, the probe is inserted while the patient
I
5 interface balloon is in the uninflated state; the alignment stripe marked on the shaft is used to radially and longitudinally position the probe within the region of interest. Once the probe is correctly placed, the patient interface balloon is inflated and the receiving coil is forced against the region of interest. The probe is then connected to the interface network via the insulated cable.
This particular arrangement of the radio-frequency coil does not reduce the bulk of the system which cannot be used for narrow or tortuous vessels. Furthermore, the system does not provide for any information as to orientation of the probe for steering purposes.
The document DE-3937052 Al shows a biopsy tube for use 15 in a magnetic resonance imaging procedure, comprising longitudinally extending coaxial conductor tubes separated by insulator tubes and extending the length of the biopsy ooeoo: tube. In a further embodiment, the conductor tubes are replaced by gutter like portions of coaxial conductor 20 tubes which are separated by an insulator filling. Here again, the result is a bulky configuration which cannot be advanced to narrow vessels. In addition, that kind S"of assembly is substantially stiff, thereby further Spreventing the applicability of the instrument in tortuous ~25 vessels.
The object of this invention is to improve the possibilities of using magnetic resonance imaging procedures by means of a medical appliance which is simple and efficient, which may continuously provide a fdll information as to its position and orientation, which occupies a minimal space and which has a great flexibility so as to be capable of reaching narrow and tortuous vascular configurations, which may be actually steered under magnetic resonance imaging, which may be used as an interventional means, and which may also prove efficient in the determination of the vascular configurations.
According to the present invention in the first aspect there is provided a medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imaging procedures performed on a body, comprising an antenna detecting magnetic resonance response signals, the antenna intended to be inserted into the body for interacting with a magnetic resonance procedure for calculating the position of the medical aDpliance in the body, characterized in that the antenna is formed of a distally open length of wire which couples capacitively with electromagnetic fields and which forms at leas, a part of a guidewire for vascular procedures.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a magnetic resonance imaging system for tracking a medical appliance comprising means for performing magnetic resonance imaging procedures on a body, whereby electromagnetic waves in radio-frequency and magnetic field gradient pulses are generated and transmitted into the body to induce a resonant response system from selected nuclear t' within the body, said system comprising a wire antenna detecting magnetic resonance response signals, the antenna being intended to be included into the medical appliance and intended to be inserted into the body for obtaining a positional picture of the antenna which can be superposed with a magnetic resonance image of the body for calculating the position of the antenna in the body, characterized in that the antenna is formed of a distally open length of wire which couples capacitively with the electromagnetic field and which forms S: 20 at least a part of a guidewire for vascular procedures.
As opposed to the core or configuration, the antenna formed of a distally open length of wire which couples capacitively with the electromagnetic field and which forms at least a part of a guidewire for vascular procedures has the effect that the received signal .1 originates from the immediate neighbourhood of the distally open length of wire, whereby it becomes possible to obtain an image of the antenna, of its position, as well as of its orientation. Steering of the appliances thus actually possible. As opposed to coil antennas for which the received signal depends on the loop diameter, diameter of the antenna formed of a distally open length of wire which couples capacitively with the electromagnetic field and which forms at least a part of the guidewire for vascular o30 procedures is of secondary relevance and, therefore the antenna may be extremely thin and it may also have a high flexibility, allowing safe driving and passage through vascular configurations, even in tortuous and restricted areas thereof. This opens way to using magnetic resonance imaging procedures in interventional conditions where time and precision are of the essence. By repeatedly measuring, reconstructing, and displaying the image with a very short image repetition time, a magnetic resonance imaging fluroscopy system can be created. One could also use the antenna to make a high resolution image of a vessel wall.
According to a simple inexpensive embodiment, the open wire length antenna may be formed by a coaxial cable. According to an embodiment aiming very thin "W configurations, the open wire length antenna may be made of a coaxial cable in which the [N:\LIBC100737:hv shield and insulators are respectively made of a conductor coating and insulating coatings.
In both these cases, the first and second conducting elements of the coaxial configuration rr' have the same length or unlike lengths.
According to a further embodiment, also aiming very thin configurations, the open wire length antenna may be made of two conducting strands insulated from one another, twisted or parallel to one another. And these strands may have the same length or unlike lengths.
The antenna may be included in a catheter and the like. It may also be used for the positioning of catheters and the like.
These and other objects will become readily apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, diagrammatically and by way of example only, four embodiments of the invention.
Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system environmental to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal part section of a first embodiment of the appliance according to the invention.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal part section of a second embodiment of the appliance according to the invention.
Figures 4 and 5 are longitudinal views of r.wo further embodiments of the appliance according to the invention.
20 The system shown in Figure 1 is a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus 1 comprising a magnet system 2 for generating a homogeneous magnetic field on a subject 3 placed on a support table 4. Inside the magnet system 2 is a coil structure 5 to produce around the subject a magnetic field obtained from radio-frequency energy source 6.
Receiver 7 response to the resonance signal and processor 8 reconstitutes the integers of the 8* [N:\LIBC]00737:hrw i- I L I 8 projection which will be shown on display 11. The medical appliance 9, inserted into subject 3, is connected via conductor 10 to control station 12. Such a general configuration is familiar to those skilled in the art and it will not be described in further detail.
The appliance 9, as exemplified in Figure 2, is a guidewire including an open wire length antenna formed by a coaxial cable comprising a central conductor 13 enclosed in an insulator 14 surrounded by a shield 15 encased in an insulator 16. The shield 15 or outer conductor and the outer insulator 16 of the coaxial cable has been removed some length from the tip or distal end 17. The proximal end (not shown) of the coaxial cable is for connection o r 15 to the standard antenna input of control station 12 as generally shown in Figure 1.
e eo o o S• The appliance 9 of Figure 2 is also a guidewire including an open wire length antenna formed by a coaxial cable.
20 However, the insulator 14 surrounding the central conductor 130 is replaced by an insulating coating 140, while the shield 15 is replaced by a conductor coating 150 and the insulator 16 by an insulator coating 160. As for the embodiment of Figure 1, the conductor coating 150 and insulator coating 160 have been removed some length from .4 the distal end of tip 170. Also, the proximal end (not shown) of this coaxial cable is adapted to connection to the standard antenna input of control station 12 (Figure 1).
Variants may be envisaged.
For instance, the outer conductor and insulator, 15-16 resp. 150-160, need not being removed some length from the distal end 17 resp. 170. Similarly, the outer conductor and insulator may be removed a far greater length from the distal end 17 resp. 170, being also possible to have
I
a ~'nn~ 9 them removed up to proximal end of the guidewire, outside of the patient.
Subject to the precautions or requirements inherent to patient protection, it would be also possible to have the guidewire comprised of a naked conductor 13 or 130, while the insulator 14 or 140 and outer conductor 150 and insulator 16, 160 would be installed towards the proximal end of the guidewire, outside of the patient.
Similarly, the coaxial configuration shown is not compulsory, being possible to have the open wire lcngth antenna as a naked or insulated wire with appropriate polarities arranged for connection thereof to the antenna S0.. 15 input of the control station.
0* Figure 4 shows one such possibilities, in which the open eeeo S" wire length antenna is made of two twisted conducting strands 18 and 19 insulated from one another by appropriate coatings 20 and 21.
*Figure 5 also shows one such possibilities, in which the open wire length antenna is made of two conducting strands and 23 parallel to one another and separated by 25 25 insulator coatings 24 and a. As for the previous embodiments, the strands 18 and 19, respectively 22 and 23, may have the same )ength or unlike lengths.
In both the embodiments of Figure 4 and Figure 5, the channels 30 which are left open along the insulated strands may be used for further investigation purposes when the open wire length antenna is placed in the lumen of a catheter, for example for pressure readings.

Claims (14)

1. A medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imrnaging procedures performed on a body, comprising an antenna detecting magnetic resonance response signals, the antenna intended to be inserted into the body for interacting with a magnetic resonance procedure for calculating the position of the medical appliance in the body, characterized in that the antenna is formed of a distally open length of wire which couples capacitively with electromagnetic fields and which forms at least a part of a guidewire for vascular procedures.
2, A medical appliance according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is formed of a io coaxial cable.
3. A medical appliance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is formed of a cable having a central conductor enclosed in an insulator surrounded by an outer conductor encased in an insulator, and wherein said central conductor and outer conductor have the same length.
4. A medical appliance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is formed of a cable having a central conductor enclosed in an insulator surrounded by an outer conductor encased in an insulator, and wherein said central conductor and outer conductor have unlike lengths.
A medical appliance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is made of 20 a conductor, a first insulating coating applied on said conductor, a conducting coating surrounding said first insulating coating, and a second insulating coating applied on said S: conducting coating, and wherein said conductor and conducting coating have the same length.
6. A medical appliance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is made of a conductor, a first insulating coating applied on said conductor, a conducting coating surrounding said first insulator coating, and a second insulating coating applied on said conducting coating, and wherein said conductor and conducting coating have unlike lengths.
7. A medical appliance according to claim 1 wherein the antenna is made of two S 30 conducting strands insulated from one another.
8. A medical appliance according to claim 7, wherein the two strands are parallel to one another.
9. A medical appliance according to claim 7, wherein the two strands are twisted.
10. A medical appliance according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the two strands have the same length.
11. A medical appliance according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the two strands have unlike lengths.
12. A magnetic resonance imaging system for :racking a medical appliance comprising means for performing magnetic resonance imaging procedures on a body, A .r0 [NA\LIBC]00737:ZLA:hrwv 11 whereby electromagnetic waves in radio-frequency and magnetic field gradient pulses are generated and transmitted into the body to induce a resonant response signal from selected nuclear spins within the body, said system comprising a wire antenna detecting magnetic resonance response signals, the antenna being intended to be included into the medical appliance and intended to be inserted into the body for obtaining a positional picture of the antenna which can be superposed with a magnetic resonance image of the body for calculating the position of the antenna in the body, characterized in that the antenna is formed of a distally open length of wire w:.:ch couples capacitively with the electromagnetic field and which forms at least a part of a guidewire for vascular procedures.
13. A medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imaging procedures performed on a body, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
14. A magnetic resonance imaging system for tracking a medical appliance, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the accompanying drawings. Dated 7 October, 1997 Schneider (Europe) AG Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person 20 SPRUSON FERGUSON o O N 7 IN \LIHCj00737:ZLA:hPW I I A Medical Appliance for Use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedures Abstract A guidewire for vascular procedures is formed by a c,axial cable acting as antenna in a magnetiz resonance imaging system 9 .9 9 9 Figure 1. (N:\L1BC]00737:ZL&
AU14906/95A 1994-03-18 1995-03-20 A medical appliance for use in magnetic resonance imaging procedures Ceased AU685221B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94104329 1994-03-18
EP94104329A EP0673621B1 (en) 1994-03-18 1994-03-18 A magnetic resonance imaging system for tracking a medical appliance

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Publication Number Publication Date
AU1490695A AU1490695A (en) 1995-10-19
AU685221B2 true AU685221B2 (en) 1998-01-15

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US (1) US5792055A (en)
EP (1) EP0673621B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2955484B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE163525T1 (en)
AU (1) AU685221B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2141271C (en)
DE (1) DE69408826T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0673621T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2114626T3 (en)

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US5792055A (en) 1998-08-11
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