AU672009B2 - Process for producing a protective coating on metal walls subject to attack by hot gases, especially flue gases - Google Patents
Process for producing a protective coating on metal walls subject to attack by hot gases, especially flue gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU672009B2 AU672009B2 AU43250/93A AU4325093A AU672009B2 AU 672009 B2 AU672009 B2 AU 672009B2 AU 43250/93 A AU43250/93 A AU 43250/93A AU 4325093 A AU4325093 A AU 4325093A AU 672009 B2 AU672009 B2 AU 672009B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- walls
- powder
- protective coating
- plasma jet
- basic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
A process for producing a protective coating on walls subject to attack by hot gases in a predetermined temperature range, which are made of metal and a predetermined basic material, in combustion plants, heat exchangers or similar installations, in which a powder of metallic, carbide, oxycarbide or silicide materials or mixtures thereof are applied to the metal walls using the plasma jet process. The invention proposes that: a) the surface of the wall is roughened; b) the basic material of the wall is activated; and c) immediately afterwards the powder is applied at room temperature and in atmospheric conditions by the plasma jet process; being d) the composition of the powder selected beforehand so that the stress as a function of the temperature in the unstressed state (at room temperature) found with the aid of the coefficients of heat expansion of the basic material and test-pieces for the transition region between the basic material and the applied coating produced from various powders gives tensile stresses of between 50 and 800 N/mm2 and preferably between 500 and 800 N/mm2, which is reduced to 0 or exhibits slight compression stresses in the predetermined temperature range.
Description
OPI DATE 24/01/94 APPLN. ID A/\OJP DATE 14/04/94 PCT NUMBER 43250/93 III 11 11111 RCT/EP93/014831 llllll li AU9343250 (11) Internationale Verdffenllichungsnummer: WO 94/006:6 Al (43) Internationales Veriiffentlichungsdatum: 6. Januar 1994 (06.01.94) (51) Internationale Patentklassifikation 5 C23C 4/04, 4/02 (21) Inernationales Aktenzcichen: (22) Internationales Anmeldedatum: Prioritatsdaten: P 42 20 063.6 19. Ju PCT/EP93/01483 I1. Juni 1993 (11.06.93) (74) Anwait: DAHLKAMP, Heinz-Leo; Am Thyssenhaus 1, D- 4300 Essen 1 (DE).
(81) Bcstimmungsstaaten: AU, BG, BR, CA, CZ, HU, JP, KR, PL, RO, RU, SK, UA, US, europtiisches Patent (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT. SE).
Veriiffentlicht Mit internationalem Recherchenberichlt.
ni 1992 (19.06.92) (71) Anmelder (flir alle Besimmungssaten ausser US): THYS- SEN GUSS AG [DE/DE]; Am Thysseinhaus 3, D-4300 Essen I THYSSEN STAHL AG [DE/DE]; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 100, D-4100 Duisburg 11 (DE).
(72) Erfinder; und Erfinder/Anmelder (nur fir US) HAUSER, Bodo [DE/ DE]; Wohlfahrtsstr. 166, D-4630 Bochum HEE- SEN, Wilhelm [DE/DE]; Einsteinstrae 46, D-4130 Moers HERMSEN, Johannes [DE/DE]; Halener StraRe 46,. D-4100 Duisburg 17 (DE).
7m #z (54)Title: PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON METAL WALLS SUBJECT TO ATTACK RY HOT GASES, ESPECIALLY FLUE GASES (54) Bezeichnung: VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER SCHUTZSCHICHT AUF MIT HEISSEN GASEN, INS- BESONDERE RAUCHGASEN BEAUFSCHLAGTEN METALLISCHEN WANDEN (57) Abstract A process for producing a protective coating on walls subject to attack by hot gases in a predetermined temperature range, which are made of metal and a predetermined basic material, in combustion plants, heat exchangers or similar installations, in which a powder of metallic, carbide, oxycarbide or silicide materials or mixtures thereof are applied to the metal walls using the plasma jet process. The invention proposes that: a) the surface of the wall is roughened; b) the basic material of the wall is activated; and c) immediately afterwards the powder is applied at room temperature and in atmospheric conditions by the plasma jet process; being d) the composition of the powder selected beforehand so that the stress as a function of the temperature in the unstressed state (at room temperature) found with the aid of the coefficients of heat expansion of the basic material and test-pieces for the transition region between the basic material and the applied coating produced from various powders gives tensile stresses of between 50 and 800 N/mm 2 and preferably between 500 and 800 N/mm 2 which is reduced to 0 or exhibits slight compression stresses in the predetermined temperature range.
(57) Zusanimenfassung Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht auf mit heissen Gasen beaufschlagten und in einem vorgegebenen Temperaturbereich beanspruchten, metallischen und aus einem vorgegebenen Grundwerkstoff bestehenden Wlinden von Verbrennungsanlagen, Wtrmetauschern oder tihnlichen Anlagen, bei dem mit Hilfe des Plasmaspritzverfabrens auf die metallischen Wiinde ein Pulver aus metallischen, karbidischen, oxidkeramischen oder silicidischen Werkstoffen oder Mischungen dieser Werkstoffe aufgetragen wird. Erfindungsgemiss wird vorgeschiagen, dass: a) die Oberfflche der Winde aulgerauht wird, b) der Grundwerkstoff der Winde aktiviert wird und c) unmittelbar anschliessend bei Raumtemperatur und unter atmosphirischen Bedingungen nach dem Plasmaspritzverfahren das Pulver aufgetragen wird, wobei d) die Zusammensetzung des Pulvers zuvor so gewiht wird, dass die mit Hilfe der Wirmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von Grundstoff und von aus verschiedenen Pulvern hergestellten Probewerkstiicken for den Oibergangsbereich zwischen Grundwerkstoff und aulfgetragener Schicht ermittelte Spannung als Funktion der Temperatur im nichtbeanspruchten Zustand (bei Raumtemperatur) Zugspannungen zwischen 50 und 800 N/mm 2 vorzugsweise zwischen 500 und 800 N/mm 2 ergibt, die in dem vorgegebenen beanspruchten Temperaturbereich im wesentlichen auf 0 abgebaut ist oder geringe Druckspannungen aufweist.
II
Description: Procedure for producing a protective coating on metaflic walls exposed to hot gases, especially flue gases The invention refers to a process for producing a protective coating on walls in particular .valls of combustion plants or heat exchangers made of metallic base material 3nd exposed to hot gases, especially flue gases, in which a powder of metallic, carbide, oxide :cramic or silicide materials, or any mixtures thereof, is applied onto the previously cleaned metallic walls by means of the plasma jet technique to form the said protective coating.
Such protective coatings are to be applied, for instance, onto the cooling walls of heat recuperators in steel converter plants. These cooling walls are subject to extremely high stresses because the flue gases flowing along one side of the same have a temperature of approx. 1400 to 1800 "C and are loaded with ashes and slag parti 'es while the saturated steam pressures reigning on their other side are approx. 20 to 80 bar whereby the steamcooled tubular walls have internal pressure gradients of up to 2 bar/min.
DE 23 55 532 C2 has already disclosed a process for deposition welding of metal and alloy powders on a sand blasted and preheated metal surface in which the said metal surface has previously been heated to a temperature of 100 "C minimum to approx. 650 OC. Both in deposition welding by means of rod electrodes and in powder deposition welding or flame spraying with subsequent melting down, the base material is heated up to a very high temperature during application of the protective coating which results in an undesired microstructural change. Especially in flame spraying, the melting-down temperature is between 980 and 1060 °C depending on the spraying powder used. Besides, the high heat input causes distortion of the walls to be coated which may make installation of these walls problematical and result in additional costs due to the dimensional inaccuracy. If the protective coatings are applied afterwards by these state-of-the-art techniques, the stresses caused by the high temperature cannot react in the form of distortion but entail cracks in the -2r o o surface of the installed walls, especially in weld regions. Thickness of the protective coating is approx 8 to 10mm in deposition welding and 1 to 2mm in flame spraying.
Furthermore, DE-AS 26 30 507 has disclosed a process for producing protective coatings against hot gas corrosion and/or mechanical wear and tear on work pieces in which a coating powder consisting of different alloys is applied onto the work piece by plasma spraying in vacuo. For carrying out the coating, this vacuum spraying process requires a treatment chamber not accessible from the outside in which a vacuum has to be generated with considerable expenditure. The process is therefore not applicable to large walls such as installed, for instance, in heat recuperators.
It is the aim of the present invention to ameliorate at least one of the problems of the prior art.
It is an advantage that a process according to one aspect of the invention may reduce distortion of the work 20 pieces and cracking stresses in the base material.
In a process embodied by the invention, not only the surface of the walls is roughened before the powder is being applied by the atmospheric plasma jet technique, but also the base material of the walls is activated in such a way that disturbances in the metallic lattice are produced which increase the adhesive forces. Immediately following such activation, that is to say, before the said disturbances in the metallic lattice have been neutralised again, the powder is applied onto the walls, under atmospheric conditions, by the plasma jet technique, the surface of the walls meanwhile keeping approximately room temperature.
The present invention provides a process for producing a protective coating on walls made of metallic base material and exposed to hot gases, in which a powder of metallic, carbide, oxide ceramic or silicide materials, or any mixture thereof, is applied onto the T\ previously cleaned metallic walls by means of the plasma F :2361A/700 S:2361 OA/700
I
2a jet technique to form the protective coating, characterised in that: a) the surface of the walls is roughened and activated with high purity special fused alumina and b) immediately afterwards, the powder is applied by the plasma jet technique at ambient temperature and under atmospheric conditions, c) the composition of the powder having previously been selected so that the stress as a function of the temperature in the unstressed state (at room temperature) determined, by means of the thermal expansion coefficients of the b a: material and test pieces made of various powders, for the transition zone between base material and coating applied gives tensile stresses of between 50 and 800 N/mm 2 which is reduced to zero or exhibits slight compressive stresses in the specified temperature range of 300 to 1800 0
C.
The composition of the powder is selected in accordance with the respective base material and the 20 future service conditions, in particular the specified temperature ranges.
The transition zone between base material and S' coating applied, may have, in unstrained condition, that is to say, at ambient temperature, tensile stresses between 50 and 800 N/mm 2 preferably between 500 and 800 N/mm 2 which in the specified temperature range have been reduced to zero or show minor compressive stresses.
•These
I--
o• C r S:2361 0A/700 states of stress (see enclosed figure) are calculated by means of the thermal expansion coefficients of the base material, on the one side, and of test pieces made of different powders, on the other. This calculation can then be checked pursuant to DIN 50121.
A process embodied by the invention allows a protective coating against hot gas corrosion and/or mechanical wear and tear, which is insensitive to thermal shock and easily reparable, to be produced, for instance, on plane or arched walls of combustion plants and heat exchangers, especially heat recuperators in steel converter plants.
9* :It-hlas turned out that a final coating thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.25 fn, is already sufficient for preventing appreciable wear and tear for a much longer period !6an it has so far been possible.We would like to point out in this connection that an 80 KW asma jet installation with internal powder feeding has proved to be particularly suited for applying such a protective coating, the powder used having a grain size of less than pm: preferably 20 to 40 pm. The said powder particularly allows a very thin coating to be applied which meets the requirements of insensitivity to thermal shock and resistance to hot i" gas corrosion and avoids high internal stress owing to its process-inherent laminar ostructure. It is most advantageous to produce the total protective coating in at least two S:aasses.
Before plasma spraying, the wall surfaces to be coated can be roughened and activated special fused alumina, preferably with high-purity white special fused alumina.
i It has further turned out to be advantageous that in the process according to the invention the surface be only heated to approx. 40 maximum 60 by the plasma jet and the powder particles contained in the same. Thus distortion of the walls can in particular be precluded.
It is advisable to use a nickel alloy containing powder.
It has turned out that atmospheric plasma spraying should be carried out not later than minutes, preferably not later than 30 minutes, after activation of the wall surface, r Finally, the stress temperature of the walls provided with the said protective coating may range between 300 and 1800 preferably between 600 and 1000 "C.
The stress/temperature diagram of the enclosed figure shows exemplarily the stress behaviour in the transition zone between base material and protective coating in the temperature range between 0 'C and approximately 1200 The diagram is based on the measured average linear thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials. In unstressed condition, the coated wall of a converter heat recuperator shows tensile stresses of more than 6(00 N/mm 2 in the transition zone between the base material and the coating material.
While the recuperator is in operation, the protective coating on the wall is suddenly exposed o the high temperatures of the steel melt and the slag spurting from the converter. The diagram illustrates this process on the basis of the stress development: The neutral range is at about 700 "C while, above 700 compressive stresses preventing breaking away of or cracking in the protective coating are building up in the transition zone. Owing to the usually water-cooled tubes of the recuperator walls, the state of tensile stress is then slowly restored, that is to say that, in the diagram, the plotted line representing the stress development is passed through in opposite direction. The figure shows only an exemplary stress development as a function ot the temperature. For other stress ranges, the so-called zero state may certainly appear at 400 °C or at 800 °C instead of at 700 °C.
Claims (13)
1. A process for producing a protective coating on walls made of metallic base material and exposed to hot gases, in which a powder of metallic, carbide, oxide ceramic or silicide materials, or any mixture thereof, is applied onto the previously cleaned metallic walls by means of the plasma jet technique to form the protective coating, characterised in that: a) the surface of the walls is roughened and activated with high purity special fused alumina and b) immediately afterwards, the powder is applied by the plasma jet technique at ambient temperature and under atmospheric conditions, c) the composition of the powder having previously been selected so that the stress as a function of the temperature in the unstressed state (at room temperature) determined, by means of the thermal expansion coefficients of the base material and test pieces made of various powders, for the transition zone between base material and coating applied gives tensile stresses of between 50 and 800 N/mm 2 which is reduced to zero or exhibits slight compressive stresses in the specified temperature range of 300 to 1800 0 C. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the walls are walls of combustion plants or heat exchangers.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hot gases to which the walls are exposed are flue gases.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the composition of the powder is selected to give tensile stresses of between 500 and 800 N/mm 2
5. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the specified temperature range is 600 to 1000 0 C.
6. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the protective coating has a final thickness of 0.1 to
7. A process as claimed in claim 6 wherein the 3O protective coating has a final thickness of 0.15 to 0.25mm. S:23610A/700 S:2361 OA/700 I -6-
8. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the protective coating is applied by an KW plasma jet installation with internal powder feeding.
9. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein powder having a grain size of less than Am is used for applying the protective coating. A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein powder having a grain size of 20-40 Am is used to apply the protective coating.
11. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the protective coating is app.ied in at least two passes.
12. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the surface of the walls is heated to a maximum of 60 0 C by the plasma jet and the powder particles are melted in the heated surface of the walls.
13. A process as claimed in claim 12 wherein the surface of the walls is heated to approximately 45 0 C by 20 the plasma jet. "14. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein a nickel alloy containing powder is used to produce the protective coating. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the atmospheric plasma spraying is carried out not later than 45 minutes after the activation of the wall surface.
16. A process as claimed in claim 15 wherein the atmospheric plasma spraying is carried out not later than 30 minutes after the activation of the wall surface.
17. A process as claimed in claim 1 being S"substantially as herein described. DATED this 26th day of July 1996 THYSSEN GUSS AG and THYSSEN STAHL AG By their Patent Attorneys GRIFFITH HACK CO. S:2361iA/700 S:238] 0A/700
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4220063A DE4220063C1 (en) | 1992-06-19 | 1992-06-19 | Process for producing a protective layer on metallic walls exposed to hot gases, in particular flue gases |
| DE4220063 | 1992-06-19 | ||
| PCT/EP1993/001483 WO1994000616A1 (en) | 1992-06-19 | 1993-06-11 | Process for producing a protective coating on metal walls subject to attack by hot gases, especially flue gases |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU4325093A AU4325093A (en) | 1994-01-24 |
| AU672009B2 true AU672009B2 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
Family
ID=6461363
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU43250/93A Ceased AU672009B2 (en) | 1992-06-19 | 1993-06-11 | Process for producing a protective coating on metal walls subject to attack by hot gases, especially flue gases |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0672197B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3150697B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950701983A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE178364T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU672009B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9306566A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2138255A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ313794A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4220063C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2132237T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL171965B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2107744C1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK156394A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994000616A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0727504A3 (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-10-23 | Gen Electric | Plasma coating process for improved bonding of coatings on substrates |
| AT411625B (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2004-03-25 | Vaillant Gmbh | Heat exchanger, especially a coiled tube heat exchanger of a water heater, is coated using a plasma stream containing added silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon compound and-or titanium compound |
| CZ298780B6 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2008-01-23 | Koexpro Ostrava, A. S. | Protective coating of tools and implements for preventing formation of mechanical incentive sparks |
| DE102007020420B4 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2011-02-24 | Häuser & Co. GmbH | Plasma spraying process for coating superheater pipes and using a metal alloy powder |
| DE102013010126B4 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2015-12-31 | Häuser & Co. GmbH | Plasmapulverspritzverfahren and apparatus for coating panels for boiler walls in conjunction with a laser beam device |
| CN108101062A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of polycrystalline silicon reducing furnace and its furnace tube inner wall functional layer |
| JP7370794B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-10-30 | セコム株式会社 | security equipment |
| JP7370793B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-10-30 | セコム株式会社 | security equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3911891A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-10-14 | Robert D Dowell | Coating for metal surfaces and method for application |
| EP0183638A1 (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of applying continuously graded metallic-ceramic layer on metallic substrates |
| EP0340761A2 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-08 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Propulsive charges for big calibre projectiles |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2213350B1 (en) * | 1972-11-08 | 1975-04-11 | Sfec | |
| DE2630507C3 (en) * | 1976-07-07 | 1983-12-15 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Process for the production of protective layers on workpieces and device for carrying out the process |
| US4075392A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-02-21 | Eutectic Corporation | Alloy-coated ferrous metal substrate |
| JP2695835B2 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1998-01-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Ceramic coated heat resistant material |
| DE3821658A1 (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1989-12-28 | Thyssen Guss Ag | Process for producing corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant layers on printing press cylinders |
| CA2053928A1 (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1992-04-25 | Toshihiko Hashimoto | Benzopyran derivatives having anti-hypertensive and vasodilartory activity, their preparation and their therapeutic use |
-
1992
- 1992-06-19 DE DE4220063A patent/DE4220063C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-06-11 BR BR9306566A patent/BR9306566A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-11 EP EP93912953A patent/EP0672197B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-11 JP JP50198994A patent/JP3150697B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-11 SK SK1563-94A patent/SK156394A3/en unknown
- 1993-06-11 AU AU43250/93A patent/AU672009B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-06-11 RU RU94046201A patent/RU2107744C1/en active
- 1993-06-11 ES ES93912953T patent/ES2132237T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-11 AT AT93912953T patent/ATE178364T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-11 DE DE59309491T patent/DE59309491D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-11 WO PCT/EP1993/001483 patent/WO1994000616A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-11 KR KR1019940704599A patent/KR950701983A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-06-11 CA CA002138255A patent/CA2138255A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-06-11 CZ CZ943137A patent/CZ313794A3/en unknown
- 1993-06-11 PL PL93306721A patent/PL171965B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3911891A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-10-14 | Robert D Dowell | Coating for metal surfaces and method for application |
| EP0183638A1 (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of applying continuously graded metallic-ceramic layer on metallic substrates |
| EP0340761A2 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-08 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Propulsive charges for big calibre projectiles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2132237T3 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
| JPH08501350A (en) | 1996-02-13 |
| BR9306566A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
| EP0672197B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
| SK156394A3 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| WO1994000616A1 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
| ATE178364T1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| JP3150697B2 (en) | 2001-03-26 |
| CA2138255A1 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
| RU2107744C1 (en) | 1998-03-27 |
| PL171965B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| RU94046201A (en) | 1996-10-20 |
| AU4325093A (en) | 1994-01-24 |
| DE4220063C1 (en) | 1993-11-18 |
| CZ313794A3 (en) | 1995-08-16 |
| DE59309491D1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
| EP0672197A1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
| KR950701983A (en) | 1995-05-17 |
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