AU644623B2 - Process for producing pulp - Google Patents
Process for producing pulp Download PDFInfo
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- AU644623B2 AU644623B2 AU70568/91A AU7056891A AU644623B2 AU 644623 B2 AU644623 B2 AU 644623B2 AU 70568/91 A AU70568/91 A AU 70568/91A AU 7056891 A AU7056891 A AU 7056891A AU 644623 B2 AU644623 B2 AU 644623B2
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- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- microorganism
- wood
- lignin
- chemical
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
1
SPECIFICATION
Title of the Invention Method for producing pulp Field of the Invention This invention relates to methods for producing pulp, comprising microbial treatment, in either or both of pulping process and bleaching pr6cess, using a microorganism which grows well in a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source.
The present invention relates to methods for producing pulp, comprising microbial treatment substantially without adding nutrients or inhibitors of cellulose degradation at any one stage of the process of producing pulp.
The present invention enables to produce pulp in good quality, by microbial treatment using a microorganism which grows well in a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source at a process for producing pulp, thereby suppressing cellulose degradation to the minimum.
The present invention enables pulping or bleaching, substantially without adding nutrients or inhibitors of cellulose degradation, for example glucose, at a process of 2 producing pulp, by using a microorganism with excellent lignin-degrading activity and a high selectivity, whereby the present invention can provide economical and industrial methods for producing pulp in remarkably energy-saving manner.
Prior Art and Problems Since considerably early days, a great number of research efforts have been carried out on pulping or bleaching for the process of producing paper and pulp by using microorganisms.
The Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 46903/1975 proposes a method for producing cellulose pulp, comprising degradation of lignin under the condition to substantially degrade lignin, by using a microorganism having a production potential of a lignin-degrading enzyme.
However, the method has never been put to industrial use, because the degree of lignin degradation is so low due to the extremely low lignin-degrading activity of the microorganism used, and because the addition of sugars and nitrogen compounds is required added due to the suppression of cellulose assimilation by the microorganism.
3 The bleaching of pulp with Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been also reported (Biotechnol Lett., 1, 347-353(1979)), but it has neither been practiced industrially because of the low lignin-degrading activity and the use of the large amount of an inhibitor of cellulose degradation.
Means to Solve the Problems The present inventors have investigated intensively in order to develop a method for pulping or bleaching with microbial treatment, without causing cellulose degradation and adding a nutrient and inhibitor of cellulose degradation. Consequently, they have achieved the object in accordance with the present invention.
That is, in accordance with the present invention, it is the use of a microorganism which grows well in a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source that realizes pulping and bleaching of wood chips, pulp after refining and unbleached pulp, substantially without adding nutrients or inhibitors of cellulose degradation, in the economical and tremendously energy-saving manner.
3a Accordingly in a first aspect, the present invention consists in a method of producing bleached or unbleached pulp from wood comprising treating the wood with a strain of microorganism selected from the group consisting of: FERM BP-1859, FERM BP-1860 and FERM BP-3220, as hereinafter described and/or microorganisms derived therefrom which selectively degrade lignin without significantly degrading cellulose.
In a preferred embodiment the wood is wood chips.
In a further preferred embodiment the wood is partially pulped.
The wood may be first partially treated mechanically to produce a mechanical pulp, or partially treated with a lignin degrading chemical to produce a chemical pulp.
In a second aspect, the present invention further consists in a method of producing bleached or unbleached pulp of the first aspect wherein the wood is first partially treated mechanically and partially treated with a lignin degrading chemical to produce a semi-chemical pulp before treatment with the microorganism.
In a third aspect, the present invention consists in a method of producing bleached or unbleached pulp of the first or second aspects wherein the pulp is further treated with a chemical and/or further mechanically pulped, after the treatment with the microorganism.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention consists in a method of producing bleached or unbleached pulp of the first to third aspects wherein the microbial treatment by the microorganism is carried out without the substantial use of nutrients or the use of inhibitors of cellulose degradation.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention consists in a bleached or unbleached pulp produced according to the methods of the first to fourth aspects.
3b In a sixth aspect, the invention further consists in paper or a paper containing product which contains pulp according to the fifth aspect.
rsT ni 3 I 'i :I s Y cc 0~ 4 Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows the increase in brightness after the microbial treatment for 1 to 5 days in Example The microorganism to be used in the present invention is from a microbial strain, well grown by inoculation and culture in a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source.
As the culture medium, there may be prepared an agar medium to which is added as a single carbon source, about 1 to 10% of lignin, preferably 2 to 4% of lignin.
An isolating source collected from a natural source is dispersed at an appropriate concentration in the culture medium, and cultured at 25 to 35 to collect a colony exhibiting a good growth, which is to be an effective microorganism to be used in the present invention.
The present inventors have previously isolated the strains NK-1148 (FERM BP-1859) and NK-729W (FERM BP- 1860), which are among the microorganisms very effective for the present invention.
The mycological characteristics of NK-1148 strain (FERM BP-1859) are shown as follows.
5 State of Growth in Culture Media Type of Medium State of Growth Malt extract agar medium Potato-glucose agar medium\ Czapek's agar medium Sabouraud's agar medium Synthesized mucor agar medium YpSs agar medium Glucose-dried yeast agar medium Note-1 pH of the medium: 5.0 (bef 'e autoclave) Note-2 Culture conditions: 28 OC x 7 Note-3 State of growth ization in weak medium abundant Physiological and Morphological Properties O pH range for the growth (Cultivation in a potato-glucose agar medium at 28 °C for 4 days) 6 Grows at pH near 3 9, but never grows at pH 2 or pH 10. The optimum pH is near 4 to 6.
O Temperature range for the growth (Cultivation in a potato-glucose agar medium at pH 5 for 4 days) Grows at temperatures near 10 45 OC, but never grows at 50 OC. The optimum temperature range is near 28 37 OC.
Phenol oxidase reaction (Cultivation at 28 °C for 4 days) Shows weak or negative response.
Morphology of colony (Cultivation in a potatoglucose agar medium at pH 5 at 28 OC for 4 days) White and felt-like.
The mycological characteristics of NK-729W strain (FERM BP-1860) are shown as follows.
7 State of Growth in Culture Media Type of Medium State of Growth Malt extract agar medium Potato-glucose agar medium Czapek's agar medium Sabouraud's agar medium Synthesized mucor agar medium YpSs agar medium Glucose-dried yeast agar medium Note-1 pH of the medium: 5.0 (before sterilization in autoclave) Note-2 Culture conditions: 28 oC x 7 days Note-3 State of growth weak medium abundant Physiological and Morphological properties pH range for the growth (Cultivation in a potato-glucose agar medium at 28 OC for 4 days) 8 Grows at pH near 3 7, but never grows at pH 2 or pH 8. The optimum pH is near 4 to Temperature range for the growth (Cultivation in a potato-glucose agar medium at pH 5 for 4 days) Grows at temperatures near 10 32 OC, but never grows at 37 oC. The optimum temperature range is near 20 30 OC.
d) Phenol oxidase reaction (Cultivation at 28 °C for 4 days) Shows positive response.
Morphology of colony (Cultivation in a potatoglucose agaK medium at pH 5 at 28 OC for 4 days) White and hairy.
(O Morphology of fruit body Size 2 5 mm diameter Shape Inverted cup shape (nose shape) 9 Edge or surface Edge turned inwardly, surface color of yellow black, having brown fleece or hair over the entire surface Surface of tubular pore Pale white gray, recessed in an upturned dish shape, with small pore Texture Soft leather-like texture, substantially white Spore shape About 3 4 x lpm, sausage-like shape, colorless and smooth.
The microorganism to be used in the present invention may be NK-1148 strain or NK-729W strain isolated by the present inventors, but prcferabblyAthere may be usad a selectively isolated strain growing well using lignin as a single carbon source, obtained with or without mutation of these two strains, or a strain growing well using lignin as a single carbon source and having been isolated from nature.
In accordance with the present invention, the microorganism growing well using lignin as a single 10 carbon source, represents, for example, a microorganism capable of bleaching an unbleached kr- pulp up to a brightness of 45 or more, preferably 50 or more, more preferably 60 or more, with no reduction in the strength of the pulp.
The microorganism to be used in the present invention can be cultured in any one of a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source, a general culture medium for basidiomycetes and fungi without containing lignin, and a culture medium containing wood powder, wood chips and pulp.
S Aecr&ivcfMer deeCf pe4 p i .1.r5^ cassie' 'nfio The type of pulp 'g-nerally el-ifi in ,*ke -irolfowty -^reQ c4csses.
thA. folloi'ng threo.
Mechanical pulp fiberized by mechanical treatment of wood.
Semichemical pulp obtained by chemical and mechanical treatments in combination.
0 Chemical pulp with most of lignin removed through chemical treatment.
The present invention is to produce individual pulp corresponding mechanical pulp (the degree of lignin degradation below 35 semichemical pulp (the 11 degree of lignin degradation of not less than 35% to less than 75 and chemical pulp (the degree of lignin degradation of not less than by replacing a part or the entire part of the chemical treatment or mechanical treatment in the processes of producing pulp i.e.,O to with the microbial treatment of the present invention.
That is, the following processes are fundamentally included in the present invention.
A: Wood chips are directly treated with the microorganism of the present invention, to degrade the lignin component in the wood chips to produce unbleached pulp.
B: Pulp from the wood chips refined at a light degree is treated with the microorganism of the present invention, to degrade the lignin component in the pulp to produce unbleached pulp.
C: The wood chips after chemical treatment at a light degree are treated with the microorganism of the present invention, to degrade the lignin component in the pulp described above to produce unbleached pulp.
D: The pulp obtained by lightly refining wood chips is chemically treated lightly, and then are treated with the microorganism of the present invention, to 12 degrade the lignin component in the pulp to produce unbleached pulp.
E: The pulp obtained by chemically treating wood chips lightly and refining the wood chips lightly is treated with the microorganism of the present invention, to degrade the lignin component in the pulp to produce unbleached pulp.
F: The unbleached pulp obtained in any one of A to E is. further treated by alight chemical treatment and/or light refining to produce unbleached pulp.
In the microbial treatment in the processes A to F, there may be used the microorganism growing well in the culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source. The microorganism can selectively degrade the lignin component in wood and uses the wood lignin as anutrient. It is therefore possible to carry out the aforementioned microbial treatment without adding an inhibitor of cellulose degradation.
The degree of the chemical treatment to a light degree and the refining treatment to a light degree in the processes A to F is appropriately determined by a predetermined lignin content, depending on the type of the unbleached pulp including 13 mechanical pulp, semichemical pulp and chemical pulp, or in any type of the pulp.
The microorganism to be used in the present invention has a far greater lignin-degrading activity than the lignin-degrading microorganisms conventionally known.
Hence, the present invention enables the substitution of all stages of the chemical treatment and the refining in the conventional processes of producing mechanical pulp, semichemical pulp and chemical pulp, with the microbial treatment, along with the marked decrease in the degree of the chemical treatment and the refining.
In other words, the process of producing pulp in accordance with the present invention can decrease the amount of chemicals, and is appropriate for production of high-quality pulp in energy-saving manner.
As the fundamental processes in the process of producing pulp according to the present invention, there have been described herein A to F. But they are just representative, so it is possible to appropriately combine the microbial treatment with the microorganism of the present invention, with other treatments.
Intensely colored lignin generally remains in unbleached chemical pulp and unbleached 14 semichemical pulp. In case of using these unbleached pulp for papers for the use requiring a higher brightness, therefore, the pulp is transferred to the bleaching process to remove the remaining lignin, to increase the brightness.
In such case, in accordance with the present invention, unbleached pulp is treated with the microorganism growing well in a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source, to degrade and remove the remaining lignin in the unbleached pulp, for the bleaching of the unbleached pulp.
The unbleached pulp may be any one of the unbleached chemical pulp and unbleached semichemical pulp by conventional methods, and the unbleached pulp corresponding to chemical pulp and those corresponding to semichemical pulp, produced with the microbial treatment of the present invention. The bleaching of the present invention may be applied to the unbleached mechanical pulp by the conventional methods, and the unbleached pulp corresponding to mechanical pulp produced through the microbial treatment of the present invention. However, since a great amount of chlorine-based bleaching agents is used for bleaching of unbleached chemical and semichemical 15 pulp, the present bleaching is effectively applied to the unbleached pulp corresponding to unbleached chemical and semichemical pulp, from the standpoint of pollution control.
In accordance with the present invention, the bleaching process may be carried out entirely as the bleaching with the use of the microorganism, but a combination of the present bleaching with other bleaching methods may be also possible. The bleaching of the present invention can achieve a high standard of safety due to its microbial treatment.
Pulping and/or bleaching can be carried out through by adding the cultured microorganism to about 1/10000 to 10/100 of wood chips or pulp, and culturing the mixture at about 20 to 35 °C for 3 to 90 days, without adding any nutrient or inhibitor of cellulose degradation to wood chips or various pulp. Optional addition of a small amount of inhibitors of cellulose degradation may be done.
Example 1 The culture medium containing 1.0 g of beech wood powder (60 80 mesh) and 2.5 me of water, placed in a 50 me flask, is heated and sterilized at 120 °C for 16 minutes, into which is inoculated NK-1148 strain (FERM BP-1859) and cultured at 28 OC for a week. The resulting mycelia are suspended in water.
Alternatively, the culture medium containing 2.0 of milled wood lignin from white birch, 0.2 of NH4H 2
PO
4 and 1.6 of agar is heated and sterilized at 120 oC for 15 minutes, which is then aseptically divided by 20 me each into petri dishes (90 me in diameter).
The mycelia in suspension were added to the culture medium and cultured at 28 oC for two weeks, to isolate a strain exhibiting good growth, which was defined an isolated strain A. The isolated strain A was designated as NK-1148-3 strain and has been deposited in Fermentation Research Institure, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, under the accession number of FERM BP-3220.
Example 2 The isolated strain NK-1148-3 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into the culture medium containing 1.2 of potato-dextrose broth commercially available (DIFCO Co., Ltd.) after sterilization at 120 oC for 15 minutes, and cultured at 28 OC for a week, which was used as a seed culture.
17 Example 3 In the process of producing mechanical pulp, kg of pulp obtained through a first refining of beech wood chips at a light degree was mixed with 24.5 e of water, and sterilized at 120 OC for 15 minutes, to which was added 0.5 kg of the seed culture obtained in Example 2 and cultured under aeration at 28 OC for a week. Subsequently after a second refining, a mechanical pulp with a high strength could be obtained in an extremely energy-saving manner. The properties of the obtained biomechanical pulp are shown in the following Table 1.
Table 1 Properties of biomechanical pulp Quality of bleached pulp Refining energy kPa.m 2 /g N.m/g mN-m 2 /g (KWH/pulp Burst Tensile Tear index index index Mechanical 2000 0.52 9.6 1.21 pulp Biomechanical 710 1.15 20.3 2.53 pulp 18 Example 4 NK-1148 strain and the isolated strain NK- 1148-3, obtained in Example 1, were separately inoculated into each culture medium mixed with 10 kg of an unbleached pulp (eucalyptus) and 25 L of water, which medium had been treated and sterilized in advance at 120 °C for 15 minutes, and cultured under aeration at 28 °C for two weeks. The resulting cultures were individually used as a seed culture.
Example For bleaching of chemical pulp, 10 kg of a unbleached kraft pulp (eucalyptus) was mixed with of water and sterilized at 120 °C for 15 minutes, to which were separately added 1 kg of each of the seed cultures obtained in Example 4, together with 0.5 kg of glucose, and mixed for culture under, and cultured under aeration at 28 OC for 1 to 5 days, leading to the production of a bleached kraft pulp. The enhancement of the brightness during the microbial treatment period for 1 to 5 days is shown in Fig. 1.
19 Reference on the microorganisms under deposition, according to the Regulation, Provision 13.2.
NK-1148 Name and address of the depository institute in which the microorganism has been deposited Name: FERMENTATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AGENCY OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRY Address: 1-3, Higashi 1 chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305., Japan Date of deposition to the depository institute May 23, 1987 Accession number assigned by the depository institute FERM BP-1859 Porodisculus pendulus NK-729W Name and address of the depository institute in which the microorganism has been deposited Name: FERMENTATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AGENCY OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRY 2.
a 20 Address: 1-3, Higashi 1 chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305, Japan b Date of deposition to the depository institute May 23, 1987 c Accession number assigned by the depository institute FERM BP-1860 3. NK-1148-3 a Name and address of the depository institute in which the microorganism has been deposited Name: FERMENTATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AGENCY OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRY 1, Address: S 1-3, Higashi 1 chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305, Japan b Date of deposition to the depository Institute January 10, 1990 c Accession number assigned by the depository institute FERM BP-3220
Claims (8)
- 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wood is woodchips.
- 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the wood is partially pulped.
- 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the wood is first partially treated mechanically to produce a mechanical pulp. A method according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the wood is first treated with a lignin degrading chemical to produce a chemical pulp.
- 6. A method according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the wood is first partially treated mechanically and partially treated with a lignin degrading chemical to produce a semi-chemical pulp before treatment with the strain of microorganism.
- 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the pulp is further treated with a chemical and/or further mechanically pulped, after the treatment with the microorganism.
- 8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the microbial treatment by the microorganism is carried out without the substantial use of nutrients or the use of inhibitors of cellulose degradation.
- 9. A bleached or unbleached pulp produced according to any one of claims 1-8.
- 72- Paper or a paper containing product which contains pulp according to claim 9. 11. A process for the production of a bleached or unbleached pulp substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying examples. DATED this 19th day of October 1993 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: F.B. RICE CO. ABSTRACT The present invention enables to produce pulp, substantially without adding nutrients or inhibitors of cellulose degradation, in a pulping process, by using a microorganism which grows well in a culture medium containing lignin as a single carbon source. For conventional microbial treatment, the addition of nutrients or inhibitors of cellulose degradation is essential, so the present invention has achieved energy saving due to the microbial treatment, as well as marked cost reduction due to no nutrients and the like being added.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP837990A JPH03220388A (en) | 1990-01-19 | 1990-01-19 | Production of pulp |
| JP2-8378 | 1990-01-19 | ||
| JP837890A JPH03213591A (en) | 1990-01-19 | 1990-01-19 | Production of pulp by microorganism |
| JP2-8379 | 1990-01-19 | ||
| PCT/JP1991/000048 WO1991010773A1 (en) | 1990-01-19 | 1991-01-18 | Process for producing pulp |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU7056891A AU7056891A (en) | 1991-08-05 |
| AU644623B2 true AU644623B2 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
Family
ID=27277994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU70568/91A Ceased AU644623B2 (en) | 1990-01-19 | 1991-01-18 | Process for producing pulp |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU644623B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3962033A (en) * | 1973-04-16 | 1976-06-08 | Svenska Traforskningsinstitutet And Skogshogskolan | Method for producing cellulose pulp |
| US4687745A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-08-18 | Repligen Corporation | Use of rLDM™ 1-6 and other ligninolytic enzymes in the treatment of mechanical pulps |
| EP0345715A1 (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-13 | International Paper Company | Enzymatic delignification of lignocellulosic material |
-
1991
- 1991-01-18 AU AU70568/91A patent/AU644623B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3962033A (en) * | 1973-04-16 | 1976-06-08 | Svenska Traforskningsinstitutet And Skogshogskolan | Method for producing cellulose pulp |
| US4687745A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-08-18 | Repligen Corporation | Use of rLDM™ 1-6 and other ligninolytic enzymes in the treatment of mechanical pulps |
| EP0345715A1 (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-13 | International Paper Company | Enzymatic delignification of lignocellulosic material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7056891A (en) | 1991-08-05 |
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