AU637315B2 - Process for the utilization of sewage sludges - Google Patents

Description

PCT

DPI DATE 11/08/89 APPLN. I D 29362 89 INTERNATIONALE ANN, INTERNATIONALE zus AOJP DATE 07/09/89 PCT NUMBER PCT/EP89/00009 (51) Internationale Patentkiassifikation 4 (11) Internationale Veriiffentlichungsnumiiier: WVO 89/ 06486 AO IG 9/10, C05F 7/00 Al (43) Internationales 3/4 Veruiffentliciiungsdatum: 27. Juli 1989 (27.07.89 1 (21) Internationales Aktenzeichen: (22) Internationales Anmeldedatumn (31) Priorititsaktenzeichen: (32) Prioritfltsdatum: (33) Priorititsland: PCT/E P89/00009 7. Januar 1989 (07.01.89) P 38 00814.9 14. Jantrar 1988 (14.01.88) (81) Bestimrnungsstaaten: AT (europiiisches Patent), AU.

BE (europtiisches Patent), BJ (OAP1 Patent), CF (OA- PI Patent), CG (OAPI Patent), CH (europaisehes Patent), CM (OAPI Patent), DE3 (europtiisches Patent).

FR (europiiisches Patent), GA (OAPI Patent), GB (europttisches Patent), IT (europtiisches Patent), JP, LU (europiisclies Patent), ML (OAPI Patent). MR (OAPl Patent), NL europaisches Patent). SID. SE (europthisches Patent), SN (GAPI Patent), SU, TD (OAPI Patent), TG (OAPI Patent), US.

Ver~ffentlicht Al!it internationalenz (71)(72) Anmelder und Erfinder: KAH-L, Lothar [DE/DE], Friedenstr. 24, D-7515i Linkenheirn-Ho (DE).

(72) Erfinder;und Erfinder/Annielder mur flir US), KALLISTRATOS.

George [GR/GR]: Pipinou 25a. GR-11 l57 Athen" JACOB, Manfred [DE/DE]; Robert- Bosch-Str.

2a, D-7515 Linkenheim (74) Anwalt: TRAPPENBERG, Hans: Wendtstr. I, D-75001 Karlsruhe 21 (DEl.I R echerchenberi cht.

373 (54) Title: PROCESS FOR UTILIZING SEWAGE SLUDGE (54) Bezeichnung: VERFAHREN ZUM VERWERTEN VON KLARSCHLAM MEN (57) Abstract Although sewage sludges are excellent plant nutrients, they cannot be used as fertilizers in industrialized countries, in particular because of their heavy metal content. In the process disclosed, the dehydrated sewage sludge is placed in a sack together with hygroscopic materials, ingredients and microorganisms essential to plant growth and protection, and a seedling. The sack is then embedded in the ground. Contamination of the surrounding soil by heavy metals is thereby prevented. The process is also userul for cultivating arid regions.

(57) Zusammenfassung Kiftrschl~mme ktunnen insbesondere ihres Schwermetallgolaltes wegen in I ndustrielandern nicht als Dcngemittel eingesetzt werden, obwohl sie ausgezeichnete Pflanzennithrstcffe darstellen. Bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung xvird der entwasserte Kldrschlamm zusammen mit wasserspeichernden und wasserabsorbierenden Mitteln sowie mit zum Wachstum und zumn Schutz von pflanzennotwendigen lngredienzien und Mikroorganismen mi., einem Schblling in einen Sack verbracht, der in eine Pflanzgrube eingegraben wird. Dadurch wird eine Kontaminierung des umgebenden Erdreichs durch die Schwermetalle vermieden. Weiter kbnnen nach diesem Verfahren auch aride Gebiete kultiviert werden.

-2- PROCESS FOR THE UTILISATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGES Worldwide, ever larger quantities of sewage are generated. Sewage sludge, among other compounds, contains nitrogen, phosphate, pot ash and calcium which are substances that are excellent for use as plant nutrients and soil improving compounds. Nevertheless, sewage sludges are rarely utilised in agriculture mainly since they also contain heavy metal compounds. These heavy metal compounds are present in the sludge in the form of oxides and are therefore basically not harmful.

In use, if the heavy metal oxides are reduced in an acidic environment, that is, if the original heavy metals are regenerated, they can be detrimental for plant growth and crops.

Ana acidic environment is present to a certain degree in all industrialised countries as a result of "acid rain" which is produced by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases which are discharged into the atmosphere and which, in the atmosphere or after deposition on the ground, are converted to strong acids such as sulfuric and nitric acids. In dilute solutions, such as acid precipitations, the acids are almost fully dissociated into positively charged hydrogen ions and the respective negatively charged anions. The hydrogen ions then r(c1-ce the heavy metal oxides so that the soil and possily the plants growing thereon may indeed become contaminated.

The sludges need to be stored in deposits or they must be incinerated or pyrolized.

The soils in industrialised areas and in agricultural regions already contain relatively large amounts of heavy metals. Further addition of heavy metals, for example, by utilisation of sewage f ldges as fertiliser, is therefore not acceptable. Nevercheless utilisation of sewage sludges as fertilisers would be highly desirable since, as pointed out above, these sludges contain all the plant nutrients and soil improving compounds which otherwise would have to be ,,JS:21413A 3 manufactured in high energy consuming processes.

Consequently the heavy metals must either be removed from the sewage sludges or the sewage sludges must be utilised in such a manner that the heavy metals contained therein do not adversely affect humans, animals or plants nor in such a manner that the heavy metal content in the soil further increases.

German OS 3310883 describes the utilisation of sewage sludges in a manner wherein sewage sludge is bagged, and the bags suspended on steeply slanted areas such as walls, fences, railings, etc., in addition to or instead of regular plant containers such as flower pots or cases. The bags are formed from plant pouches of plastic foil or coated fabric which are filled with sewage sludge on its own or in admixture with soil, peat moss, compost and light filler materials. Consequently all this publication points to is the well known fact that sewage sludges are suitable supplements to the soil.

There is a need for the utilisation of sewage sludges in a manner that they are not harmful in spite of their heavy metal content.

Accordingly the present invention provides a process for utilising sewage sludges -irlprising the steps of dehydrating sewage sludge, adding the sludge to a soil mixture, admixing water retaining and absorbing agents and small, very small and micro-organisms to the sludge/soil mixture, placing the resulting mixture in a bag made of plastic foil., or organic material coated with plastic foil, which does not substantially disintegrate, placing a suitable seedling or seed in the mixture in the bag and burying the bag in a planting trench, wherein the main portion of the mixture is sewage sludge.

In accordance with the process of the present invention, a plastic bag, with the soil mixture contained therein can be used. The bag is not simply suspended somewhere. Rather it is placed into a planting cavity formed in the ground. In this manner the sewage sludge makes its nutrients available to plants grown therein ,,S:21413A ""raxl~s3-- -4I- II 4materials contained in the sewage sludge so that the ground around the planting cavity does not become contaminated by heavy metals in particular. As a result, humans, animals, plants and soils are not endangered by the heavy metals which are contained within the bag in the ground.

The plants themselves usually do not absorb any heavy metals or only very small amounts and only under the conditions described earlier. The crops of such plants are therefore suitable for consumption.

Furthermore, it is possible to select plants such as winter wheats which do not absorb any heavy metals in the first place.

However, the process according to the invention is considered to be especially suitable for growing trees or larger shrubs, that is, single plants, from the soil prepared with such sewage sludge. Experiments have shown that p:ants grown in accordance with the invention grow extraordinarily well, in fact, they grow substantially faster than the plants in the surrounding soil. The reason is of course that all nutrients required for their growth are available co the plants from the sewage sludge and that the sewage sludge furthermore contains as additives other needed ingredients as well as microorganisms and other small living creatures. Since, where desirable, water retaining and water absorbing compounds are added to the sewage sludge, the soil remains moist and can be made capable of satisfying the water needs of the respective plant.

The process according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in arid areas such as deserts and adjoining semi-arid regions. Desert areas are present in practically all the continents.

Experiments which have actually been performed in sand deserts indicate that the plants do not only grow under the given conditions but they also survive relatively long dry seasons as a result of the water retaining and Sabsorbing compounds which extract from the air the S:21413A 5 moisture which is available even in desert air and make it available to the plant in sufficient quantities.

Attempts to improve arid areas have always failed so far since plant growth in pure sand using, for example, sand dune plants, still requires the pre:ence of some minimal amount of moisture. Also attempts to transport good soil to those areas and to grow the plants on such soil have failed since the soil dries out within a short period of time resulting in the death of the plants.

However if the process according to the present invention is utilised, then the so generated soil remains moist during relatively long Cry seasons (as experiments have shown) so that plants can grow even under adverse conditions. It is noted that the relatively moist soil will also maintain bacteria and microorganism life providing for symbiosis with the root system of the plant which contributes to the growth of Lhe plants.

In order to prevent diseases from being transmitted to plants from the sewage sludge, it is preferable to pasteurise the sludge before it is filled into the bags or before pilnting. Pasteurisation not only destroys germs but also destroys worms and worm eggs which may cause damage to the plant. Pasteurisation can be achieved in a very simple manner by leaving the bags or sacks with the sewage sludge exposed to the sun for some time, particularly if the end-use destination is a sunny area (as it generally is). However the sewage sludge can also be sterilised by exposure to ionising radiation. As radiation sources radioactive cobalt and cesium isotopes (Co-60, Cs-134, Cs-137) may be utilised.

The water retaining or absorbing compounds in accordance with the invention are preferably silica gel, diatomaceous earth, zeolites and polyalcohols, (glycol, glycerine, hexane) as well as polyacrylamides. These compounds are only given as examples. Other moisture retaining and absorbing compounds such as infusorial earth or ground volcanic rock and similar compounds may be utilised. The choice of materials depends to a great S:21413A -6extent on the location where the invention is utilised and the location of the source for the water absorbing compounds. If at the location of utilisation of the invention, for example, infusorial earth is available, the sewage sludge should of cour-e be mixed with infusorial earth; if diatomaceous h is available: this material should be mixed with the sludge.

In addition to t iese water retaining and water absorbing compounds, local soil-sand, ground limestone, etc, or organic materials-bark, sawdust, leaves, etc.

may be mixed with the sewage sludge.

The bag preferably consists of plastic foils. It is possible to use plastic foil material which disintegrates after a predetermined period. Such foils may be plastic foils which are coated on one side with a material that causes the disintegration of the plastic foil when it is exposed to water. If seedlings are planted in such bags, for example, after a rai.n season, the following rain season, which statistically arrives only after a number of months, will cause disintegration of the bags.

However the bags may also be made of paper or other organic materials such as jute possibly impregnated or coated with plastic materials. The bag material may also have incorporated therein antiseptic materials which provide for disinfection of the sewage sludge or which serve to protect the plants, for example, from damage to the rorts by small organisms or plant eating animals.

Preferably the bag is perforated above its bottom, the perforations being in the form of sluts which are preferably V-shaped. In order to avoid outflow of the dry powdery sludge, the V-shaped openings may be provided with webs at their pointed lower ends.

At the open end of the bag the sewage sludge, that is, the "soil" contained therein, has an exposed surface into which low growing grasses, preferably sweet grasses, may be planted. Preferred are grass varieties which thrive under the shrubs and bushes grown in the sacks and which do not grow higher than a few centimetres. The s 1413A S:21413A 7 grass varieties may be selected so as to repel plant eating animals. It is particularly desirable to use knot-grasses which preferably collect heavy metals.

Sewage sludges generally have a water content of about 95%. In order to reduce transport costs and to facilitate handling, the sewage sludges can be dewatered to an economically acceptable value of about 60% water content. Sewage sludges dewatered to a solid content of can be handled by shovelling and can therefore be easily filled into sacks or bags. Also the transport of sludges with such consistency in containers or in large shipping compartments is free of problems.

The method according to the invention provides not only for the utilisation of the sewage sludges generated in industrialised regions but it also leads to a cultivation of arid regions.

The invention will now be described by reference to the following non-limiting example.

EXAMPLE

A 1001 weatherproof round ground bag (diameter of bag 40cm, height of bag 90cm) with ground holes of up to 1cm in diameter (or with V-shaped perforations, provided for the purpose of letting th.rough the roots of the plants) was filled to a substrate height of 80cm. Of this 35cm was sand as base and 45cm a mixture of biomass (see below) and sand. When the substrate was filled deeper in the bag than this limit, an anaerobic decomposition started and methane was produced (which has a damaging effect on the roots) Methane production renders the recultivation of rubbish tips difficult. In the present method, the bag protected the roots from the methane.

As an alternative, instead of using bags deposited in single holes, trenches were dug which were lined with foil and filled with substrate as described above. These foils were also provided with perforations to let through the roots.

S:21413A -8- Biomass The biomass was prepared from sewage sludge optionally mixed with other organic wastes, (including household waste products, brewery wastes, liquid and solid animal by-products, composted sewerage sludge, bark, sawdust and leaves). The following i re optionally additionally admixed with the biomass: dredged sludge, including the type obtained in the dredging of ports and shipping channels; organic residues, including, for example, those obtained during the production of paper and also during the utilisation of paper and timber wastes for the enzymatic decomposition of sugar and alcohol.

The latter residues have pea--like properties and have a particularly good soil-improving effect.

Mixture The mixture above the sand as base contained 5-50% of organic components. When using polyacrylamide as a water retainer, this component typically did not exceed 150g/bag, as otherwise the plant growth was impaired.

The polyacrylamide was deposited as a total quantity in the centre of the sand base. To prevent the washing out of the polyacrylamide during very heavy rainfalls, it was optionally deposited on the sand in a net-like substrate.

Results The following successful experiments were carried out in: USA: approximately 100 trees with 2t sewage sludge (arid area with 150mm precipitation/year); Egypt (Sahara): approximately 1,000 tres with of sewage sludge; Minden (Germany): approximately 1,000 trees in a covered tip with 80t sewage sludge; Eggenstein (Germany): 300 plants in a greenhouse with 10t sewage sludge and 2t household compost; The following experiments were commenced in February 1992: Malta: with 80t of sewage sludge; S:21413A 9 Cottbus (Germany): with 10OOt/year of sewage sludge, together with approximately 160t brewery waste, operating a tree nursery; Brandenberg (Germany): 1000t of sewage sludge for recultivating 5 hectares of a browned coal surface mine.

The rate of increase in growth the water required for the trees and the pH value were determined. In each case, these were found to be particularly favourable considering the environment in which the plants were grown. The pH was always found to be between 6 and 8.

At this value of pH, the heavy metals were found to be bound and were not absorbed by the plants.

This was particularly important when using the process in very acidic soils, for example, in brown coal surface mines. In this latter case the sewage sludge acted as a buffer, guaranteeing that the pH value was kept within a plant-friendly neutral range.

S:21415A

Claims (9)

1. A process for utilising sewage sludges comprising the steps of dehydrating sewage sludge, adding the sludge to a soil mixture, admixing water retaining and absorbing agents and plant growth promoting bacteria and other micro-organisms to the sludge/soil mixture, placing the resulting mixture in a bag made of plastic foil or organic material coated with plastic foil, which does not substantially disintegrate, placing a suitable seedling or seed in the mixture in the bag and burying the bag in a planting trench, wherein the main portion of the mixture is sewage sludge.

2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the sewage sludge is pasteurised prior to introducing it into the bag.

3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the sewage sludge is decontaminated by radiation with ionising rays prior to introducing it into the bag.

4. A process according to any one of claims 1 :o 3 wherein the sewage sludge is exposed to intensive solar radiation prior to introducing it into the bag. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sewage sludge is mixed with organic wastes prior to introducing it into the bag, including household wastes, brewery wastes, liquid manure, solid manure, composted sewage sludge, tree bark, sawdust and foliage.

6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to wherein the water absorbing agent is selected from any one or more of silica gel, silica, diatomaceous earth, clay minerals, zeolites, polyalcohols, and polyacrylamides. S:21413A M-- ,i 4 urYuu urrrsup~un~Flu;licr;P~ac3' 11

7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the polyalcohols are selected from glycol, glycerine and/or hexitol.

8. A process according to claim 1 wherein the organic material is selected from paper or jute, coated with plastic foil. DATED this 6th day of October 1992 LOTHAR KAHL By his Patent Attori-ys GRIFFITH HACK CO. *.B S:21413A INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Appli~t.. *n Nc PCT/EP 89/00009 I. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER (il several classlfication symhols apply, Indicate all) According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both National Classification and IPC Int. Cl. A 01 G 9/10; C 05 F 7/00; C 05 G 3/04 II. FIELDS SEARCHED Minlmum Documentation Searched 7 Classificatlon System Classification Symbols Int.C1. A 01 G; C 05 F; C 05 G Documentation Searched other than Minimum Documentation to the Extent that such Documents are Included In the Fields Searched III. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT' Category Citation of Document, with Indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to Claim No. Y EP, A, 0052526 (UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CARDIFF 1,5-7 CONSULTANTS LTD) 26 May 1982, see page lines 5-8; page 6, lines 9-18; claims Y Chemical Abstracts, vol. 108, No. 13, 1,5-7 March 1988 (Columbus, Ohio, US) see page 527, abstract 111265h HU, A, 3144 HORVATH) 28 August 1987 A FR, A, 2286604 MAHE) 30 April 1976, 1,7 see clhims 1-3; figures 1-4 A FR, A, 2397342 (LE CLOS DE BULLY) 9 February 1,7 1979 Special categories of cited documents: n Ilter document ,ublished atter the international filing date document defining the general state of the at which is not r priority date and not In conflict with the application but conidered to be of particular relevance cited to understand the principle or theory underlying the li vantion earlier document but published on or after the international dcument of particular relevance; the claimed Invention filing date cannot be considered novill or cannot be considered to document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or involve an inventive step which Is cited to establish the publication date of another document of particular relevance: the claimed invention citation or other special reason (as specfied) cannot be considered to Involve an inventive atep when the docur'ent referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or document is combined with one or more other such docu- other mears ments, such combination being obvious to a person skilled document tublished prior to the interational filing date but in the a rt later than the priority date claimed document member of the sar'e patent family IV. CERTIFICATION Date of the Actual Completion of the International Search Date of Mailing of this International Search Report 22 March 1989 (22.03.89) 19 April 1989 (19.04.89) International Searching Authority Signature of Authorized Officer European Patent Office Form PCT/ISAf210 (second sheet) (January 1985) _I ANNEX TO THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL PATENT APPLICATION NO. EP 8900009 SA 26348 This annex lists the patent family members relating to the patent documents cited in the aboe-mentioned international search report. The members are as contained in the European Patent Ofice EDP file on 10/04/89 The European Patent Office is in no way liable for these particulars which are merely given for the purpose of information. Patent document Publication Patent famil) Publication cited in search report date member(s) date EP-A- 0052526 26-05-82 2088184 09-06-82 GB-A,B 2094603 22-09-82 CA-A- 1159258 27-12-83 FR-A- 2286604 30-04-76 FR-A- 2397342 09-02-79 c For more details bout this annex Oicial Journal of the European Patent Office, R For more details about this annex see Official Journal of the European Patent Office, No. 12/82 INTERNATIONALEP RECHERCHENBERICHT Internationales Aktenzetchen PCT /EP 89 /00009 1. KLASSIFIKATION D~ES ANMELDUNGSGEGENSTANDS (bet menreren Klassilikaxionssvmoolarr irwd alle anzugeoen)b Nach der Internationalert Paterttklassifikatiafl (IPC) oder nach der nationaleri Kiassifikation und der IPC int C1A A 02. G 9/2.0; C 05 F 7/00; C 05 G 3/04 1I. RECHERCHIERTE SACHGEBIETE Recherchierter Mindesipruistoff 7 Kiass: fi kationssystem Klassifikationssymtoole Ifli C1 4 A 01 G; C 05 F; C 05 G Recherchier-te nicht zumn Mindestpruf stall geharende Verotfentlichungen. saweiithese unter d~e recherchierten Sachgebiete fallen 8 III. EINSCHLAGIGE VERODFFENTLICHUNGiEN 9 Art. Kennzeichnunq der Vercrffentichung 11 ~soweit erforderlich unter Angabe der tmaageblicher Teide1 2 I 8etr. Anspruch N'L 3 Y EP, A, 0052526 (UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CARDIFF 1,5-7 CONSULTANTS LTD) 26. Mai 1982, siehe Seite 5, Zeilen 5-8; Seite 6, Zeilen

9-18; Ansprdche Y Chemical Abstracts, Band 108, Nr. 13, 1,5-7 Mdrz 1988 (Columbus, Ohio, US) siehe Seite 527, Zusammenfassung 111265h RU, A, 3144 HORVATH) 28. August 1987 A FR, A, 2286604 MARE) 30. April 1976, 1,7 siehe Anspriiche 1-3; Figuren 1-4 A FR, A, 2397342 M~E CLOS DE BULLY) 9. Februar 1979 1,7 10 *Besandere Kategorien von angegebenen Verbtfentlichungeni Verbffentlichung. die den aligemneinen Stand der Technik Sp~tere Veroffentlichung, die, nach dem internationalen An- definieri, aber nicht als baesanders bedeutsam anzusehen ist meldedlatum o~der dem Prioritatsdatum veroffentlicht warden imm Doumen, cas eclch est m oer ach am ntena- is% Lrsa mit der Anmeldung flicht kolIidiert, sondlern nur zumn tE' ale Donentdecas each lcr5 a odenc dan nera Veretandnis des der Erfindlung zugrundeliegenden Prinzips ianlen neleatmvefentlichugdi egn st waden oStt~asrc oder der ihr zugrundeliegendlen Theorie angegeben isi "L elfefechnden gez lase, odnen uriarditasnsprdh Verof-fentlichung von besonderer Bedleutung; die beanspruch, feiehunaftu r einer n zuleen i ade drchendie ht Ve- te Erfindlung kann nicht als neu oder auf erfinderischer Tatig- fenten\bdfnlichungdau einer z end en soi odcerdebsei e- keit beruhend betrachtet warden andaren besanderen Grund engageben let IWe ausgefUhrt) Veraffentlichung von besanderer Becdeutung; die beanspruch. "101 Varaf-lentlichung, die sich auf eine rnindliche Offenberung, te Erfindlung kann nicht ale auf erfinderischer ThSigkeit be. eine Benutzung, eina Aussiellung odar andara MalInahmen ruhend betrachtet warden, wenn die Verafientlichung mnit bezieht diner oder rnehraren endaren Veraffentlichungen dieser Kate- garie in Verbindlung gebrecht wird und dicsa Varbindlung fur Veroffentlichung, die var dem internationalen Anmeldeda- einan lechrnenn nafieliegend ist tum, aber nach dern baeneprichten Priaritatsdatum verof1ent- ,~Vardt-fentlichung, die Mitglied derselben Patentfarnilie it Iirht warden ist IV. 8ESCHEINIGUNG Datum des Absch lusses der internatianalen Recherche Absendelatu m des internationalen Recherchenbertchts

22. Mdrz 1989 19. 48 Internationale Recherchenbeharde Unterschrift des bevallirn 4tain Bedjiensteten Europalisches Patentimt N'DER PIJTTEN Fornsblatt PCT/ISA/210 (Blatt V1 (Januer 1985) ANHANG ZUM INTERNATIONALEN RECHERCHENBERI CHT OBER DIE INTERNATIONALE PATENTANMIELDUNG NR. EP 8900009 SA 26348 In dieqem Anhang sind die Mijtglieder der Paterufamilien der im obengenarinten internationalen Recherchenbericht angefuhrten Patentdokumentc angegeben. Die Angabvn Ober die Familienniitglieder entsprechen demn Stand der Datei des Luropaischen Patentamts am 10/04/89 Diese Angainen dienen nur zur Lnterrichtung und erfiolgen ohne Ge%*ahr. ho Recherchenbericht Datum der Mitglied(er) dcr Datum der angefuhrtes Patentdokument Ver~ffentfichung f'atentfamilic Verbfentlichung EP-A- 0052526 26-05-82 GB-A- 2088184 09-06-82 GB-A,.B 2094603 22-09-82 CA-A- 1159258 27-12-83 FR-A- 2286604 30-04-76 Keine FR-A- 2397342 09-02-79 Keine Fur nihere Einzeiheiten zu diesern Anhang :siehe Amtsblatt des Luroplischen Patentamts, Nr.12/82