AU605232B2

AU605232B2 - Improvements in and relating to magnetic separators

Info

Publication number: AU605232B2
Application number: AU10599/88A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Adam Antoni Stadmuller
Original assignee: Cryogenic Consultants Ltd
Current assignee: Cryogenic Consultants Ltd
Priority date: 1986-12-19
Filing date: 1987-12-21
Publication date: 1991-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2007-12-21
Also published as: DE3750226D1; ZA879568B; GB8913855D0; WO1988004579A2; GB2219225A; ATE108346T1; GB2219225B; WO1988004579A3; AU1059988A; GB8630381D0; DE3750226T2; EP0339031A1; EP0339031B1

Abstract

A magnetic separator comprises a magnet (2) positioned at an angle (3) to the vertical and means (4) for feeding a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material at or closely or adjacent the magnet in the region of high magnetic field. The non-magnetic particles fall under the action of gravity only whereas the magnetic particles are diverted towards the magnet until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet. The arrangement provides a clean separation between the magnetic and non-magnetic particles and may be employed to separate the particules according to degree of magnetic susceptibility. A magnet (2) for a magnetic separator is also described comprising a linear superconducting magnet having a coil (36) with two generally straight portions (38) joined by curved ends (40). The coil is supported by a clamp (42) in a cryostat vessel (35) with the longest axis arranged horizontally and so as to provide a magnetic separation zone on one side of the coil. The magnet is powerful, robust and has a long range.

Description

PCT WORLD INTELLE^ A OPIjI"W' O IZ 6 2N L INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (51) International Patent Classification 4 (11) International Publication Number: WO 88/ 04579 B03C 1/02, 1/26, 1/22 A3 (43) International Publication Date: 30 June 1988 (30.06.88) (21) International Application Number: PCT/GB87/00915 (81) Designated States: AT (Eiuropean patent), AU, BE (European patent), CH (European patent), DE (Euro- (22) International Filing Date: 21 December 1987 (21.12.87) pean patent), FR (Eiropean patent), GB, GB (European patent), IT (European patent), JP, LU (European patent), NL (European patent), SE (European (31) Priority Application Number: 8630381 patent), US.

(32) Priority Date: 19 December 1986 (19.12.86) Published (33) Priority Country: GB With international search report Before the expiration of the time limit for amending the claims and to be republished in the event of the receipt of (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): CRY- amendments.

OGENIC CONSULTANTS LTD. [GB/GB]; Metrostore Building, 231 The Vale, London W3 7Q8 (88) Dale of publication of the international search report: (72) Inventor; and 11 August 1988 (11,08,88) (for US only) STADMULLER, Adam, Antoni [GB/GB]; 104 Salisbury Road, Ealing, London (GB).

(74) Agent: ALLEN, Oliver, John, Richard; Lloyd Wise, Tregear Co., Norman House, 105-109 Strand, Lon- This docunlent contains the don WC2R OAE amendments made under Section 49 and is correct for printing (54) Title; IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MAGNETIC SEPARATORS If 8 (57) Abstract A magnetic separator comprises a magnet positioned at an angle to the vertical and means for feeding a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material at or closely or adjacent the magnet in the region of high magnetic field, The non-magnetic particles fall under the action of gravity only whereas the magnetic particles are diverted towards the magnet until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet. The arrangement provides a clean separation between the magnetic and non-magnete particles and may be employed to separate the particules according to degree of magnetic susceptibility. A magnet for a magnetic separator is also described comprising a linear superconducting magnet having a coil (36) with two generally straight portions (38) joined by curved ends The coil is support.

ed by a clamp (42) in a cryostat vessel (35) with the longest axis arranged horizontally and so as to provide a magnetic separation zone on one side of the coil. The magnet is powerful, robust and has a long range,

PCT

SAU-AI-10599/88 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION International Bureau 0 INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (51) Internationat Patent Classification 4 (11) International Publication Number: WO 88/ 04579 B03C 1/02, 1/26, 1/22 A2 (43) International Publication Date: 30 June 1988 (30.06.88) (21) International Application Number: Pcr/GB87/00915 (81) Designated States: AT (European patent), AU, BE (European patent), CH (European patent), DE (Euro- (22) International Filing Date: 21 December 1987 (21.12.87) pean patent), FR (European patent), GB, GB (European patent), IT (European patent), JP, LU (European patent), NL (European patent), SE (European (31) Priority Application Number: 8630381 patent), US.

(32) Priority Date: 19 December 1986 (19.12.86) Published (33) Priority Country: GB Without international search r-port and to be repuhlished upon receipt of that report.

(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): CRY- OGENIC CONSULTANTS LTD. [GB/GB]; Metrostore Building, 231 The Vale, London W3 7Q8 (GB).

(72) Inventor; and Inventor/Applicant (for US only) STADMULLER, Adam, Antoni [GB/GB]; 104 Salisbury Road, Ealing, A.O.J.P. 1 8 AUG 1988 London (GB).

(74) Agent: ALLEN, Oliver, John, Richard; Lloyd Wise, A T A Tregear Co., Norman House, 105-109 Strand, Lon- AUS A don WC2R OAE 1 JUL 1988 PATENT OFFICE (54) Title: IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MAGNETIC SEPARATORS S4 8 (57) Abstract 1 0 A magnetic separator comprises a magnet positioned at an angle to the vertical and means for feeding a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material at or closely or adjacent the magnet in the region of high mag.

netic field. The non-magnetic particles fall under the action of gravity only whereas the magnetic particles are diverted towards the magnet until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet. The arrangement provides a clean separation between the magnetic and non-magnetic particles and may be employed to separate the particules according to degree of magnetic susceptibility. A magnet for a magnetic separator is also described comprising a linear superconducting magnet having a coil (36) with two generally straight portions (38) joined by curved ends The coil is supported by a clamp (42) in a cryostat vessel (35) with the longest axis arranged horizontally and so as to provide a magnetic se.

paration zone on one side of the coil. The magnet is powerful, robust and has a long range.

i- SI v J i 8I/4579 PCT/GB87/00915

I.

IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MAGNETIC SEPARATORS This invention relates to a magnetic separator for minerals.

The invention is particularly concerned with systems in which a strong magnet is used to separate magnetic particles from non-magnetic particles. In the simplest fori of such a system the magnet is passed across a layer of ore or vice-versa so that the magnetic particles are attracted towards and become attached to the magnet. Thus the magnetic portion of minerals in an ore may be remo 'e but this method is not a continuous process and several passes are needed to complete the separation.

A continuous process has been developed wherein a stream of mineral is allowed to flow some distance from the high field region of the magnet whereupon the magnetic fraction becomes deflected towards the higher field region whilst the non-magnetic fraction falls relatively unaffected. Such a process is described and claimed in Patent No. 2064377.

However continuous processes of this type have the disadvantage that the stream of mineral never experiences the maximum magnetic force and consequently the separation is not completely clean particularly so when it is required to separate out only very weakly magnetic particles. Moreover in order to prevent capture of the magnetic particles on the magnet wall, the mineral has to

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WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 2.

be dropped from a height so that the vertical momentum is sufficient to carry the strongest magnetic particles through the high field region. This reduces the degree of deflection of the weakly itiagnetic particles and consequently again prevents a clean separation.

Another problem which has been found in known magnetic separators is to do with the magnet itself. In order to separate the magnetic particles from the non-magnetic particles a powerful magnet with a long reach is required and superconducting or very strong conventional magnets have therefore been employed. Known linear magnets have had two coils carried side by side and enclosed in a single cryostat. However this design has been found in practice to have several drawbacks.

Firstly, because the two coils attract each other with a considerable force any inaccuracies in the 'manufacture of the support structure will result in non-perfect mating surfaces which can lead to degradation of the magnet.

|i This problem is exacerbated by the expansions and contractions of the components of the magnet which occur when the temperature within the cryostat varies.

Secondly, each coil suffers a large repulsive force along its length and requires a velry robust support structure, This has been found to be dirficult to achieve in practice.

S WO 88/C4579 PCT/GB87/00915 3.

Thirdly, because the coils are positioned relatively close together to give a strong magnetic field on both sides of the magnet there is only a small amount of space available for the cooling system behind each coil and the support structure between the coils. In practice it has been found that because of these associated problems there is a noticable reduction in the theoretical magnetic force that can be realised from multiple coil magnets.

The general object of the invention is to provide a magnetic separator which will operate efficiently and produce a cleaner separation than was previously possible.

A magnetic separator in accordance with one aspect of the invention comprises a magnet positioned at an angle to the vertical and means for feeding a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material at or closely adjacent the magnet in the region of high magnetic field so that the non-magnetic particles fall under the action of gravity only whereas the magnetic particles are diverted towards the magnet until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet.

This arrangement has the advantage that the feed point is close to the magnet. This means that all the

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WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 4.

particles can be made to pass through the regions of highest magnetic field allowing separation of weaker magnetics than that possible with the previous methods of separation. The ore feed position also results in the particles experiencing the highest magnetic field for a greater distance thereby increasing the efficiency of the separation.

An additional advantage of the arrangement is that the inclination of the magnet to the vertical ensures that the magnetics and non-magnetcs are pysically well separated.

Conveniently the angle at which the magnet is inclined to the vertical may be adjusted for a particular Iore so that the strongest magnet particles follow a path Ii which is parallel and close to the magnet. This prevents clogging on the magnet face.

SPreferably however, a belt is provided which moves past and closely adjacent to the magnet. The belt acts to remove any strongly magnetic particles which become captured on the belt face from the separation zone thus preventing clogging, This is particularly suitable for an ore whose constituents are not known with a great deal of precision.

Preferably a splitter plate is provided in the lower portion of the falling particles pauhs to separate the stream of magnetic and non-magnetic particles.

S WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 Preferably the particles are fed so that they fall past the belt and do not impinge the belt face This prevents weaker magnetics from bouncing away from the belt with sufficient momentum to fall into the stream of non-magnetic particles. Suitably, the particles are supplied at a speed which is less than that of the belt thereby reducing the risk of entrapment of non--magnetics in the magnetic layer, since there will only be a thin layer of strongly magnetic particles captured on the belt face.

Conveniently the angle at which the magnet is inclined to the vertical may be adjusted for a particular ore so that the weakest magnetics within the ore follow a path which is parallel and close to the belt. This ensures that the separation between magnetic and non-magnetic particles is completely clean.

Conventially also a splitter or splitters may be provided in the lower portion of the falling particles paths to separate the particles according to degree of magnetic susceptability.

Conveniently the mixture of magnetic and non magnetic particulate material is fed from a hopper the outlet wall of which that is adjacent to the magnet being inclined to the vertical at the same angle as the magnet.

The particulate material may alternatively be supplied WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 6.

from a hopper onto a plate inclined to the vertical, preferably at the same angle as the magnet, down which the material falls and is thereby fed adjacent the magnet.

These feed methods ensure that the particles have a long residence time within the zone of high magnetic field.

The mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic material may be supplied in a stream of fluid to the magnet which is supported in a separation chamber filled with fluid such that the magnetic separation zone is at least partially submerged in the fluid, the non-magnetic particles falling under gravity whereas the magnetic particles are attracted towards and captured on the belt which moves in a direction such as to carry them away from the non-maiietic particles until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by gravity and the magnetic particles fall from the belt, the separation chamber being so designed as to allow separate collection of magnetic and non-magnetic particles.

A magnetic separator in accordance with another aspect of the present invention comprises a linear superconducting magnet having a coil with two generally straight parallel sections joined by curved ends, the coil being supported by a clam in a cryostat vessel with the longest axis arranged horizontally so as to provide a magnetic WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 7.

separation zone on one side of the coil and means for feeding a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material to the magnetic sep ation zone.

The advantage of this is by employing a single magnetic separation zone, only one half of the magnet is exposed so that the heat losses are reduced, the coil is held firmly by the clamp which is not subject to the same degree of expansions and contractions as the multiple coil design and the production of the magnet is simplified since there is no need to provide two exactly identical coils.

Preferably the clamp supports one side and both longitudinal edges of the coil, a potting medium suitably holds the coil windings, Preferably the magnet is supported at an angle to the vertical, the feed means feeding the particulate material in the region of high magnetic field of the magnetic separation zone so that the nono-magnetic particles fall under the action of gravity only whereas the magnetic particles are diverted towards the magnet until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet.

Alternatively the magnet may be positioned with its sides horizontal and the magnetic separation zote WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 8.

below the magnet, and a belt provided which moves horizontally through the magnetic separation zone adjacent to the magnet and substantially at right angles to the long axis of the magnet, the particles being fed horizontally such that the non-magnetic particles fall under gravity whereas the magnetic particles are attracted towards and captured by the belt which carries them through the magnetic separation zone until the gravitational force exceeds that of the magnet and the particles fall fromw the belt, This arrangement is particularly suitable when a high capacity process is required.

Suitably the belt may move in the same or opposite direction to the direction of particle feed, The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in Which: Figure I is a sketch of a magnetic separator in accordance with one aspect of the invention- Figure 2 is a second sketch of the magnetic separator of Figure 1 showing the approximate positioning of the components Figure 3 is a vector diagram of the forces experienced by a magnetic particle in the magnetic separator of Figure i- 'WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 9.

Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are fragmentary sketches of the magnetic separator of Figure 1 showing different embodiments of the feed means; Figure 5 is a sketch of one embodiment of the magnetic separator in accordance with one aspect of the invention being employed in a wet separation process; Figure 5 is a sketch of a second embodiment of the magnetic separator in accordance with one aspect of the invention being employed in a wet separation process Figure 7 is a sketch of a magnet forming part of a magnetic separator in accordance with another aspect of the invention, Figure 8 is a sketch of the coil of the magnet shown in Figure 7; Figure 9 is a sketch of a typical force profile of the magnet of Figure 7.

Figure 10 is a sketch of a magnetic separator incorporating the magnet of Figure 7, and Figure 11 is a sketch of a magnetic separator incorporating the magnet of Figure 7.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a magnetic separator comprises a magnet generally designated by 2, preferably'a cryogenic magnet, and a feed means 4. The magnet 2 is inclined at an angle 3 to the vertical, The magnet 2 is arranged to create a strong WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 magnetic field in such a way that any magnetic particles will experience a force at right angles to and towards the magnet i.e. in the direction of arrow 6.

Dry particulate material to be separated is fed by supply means 4 at a point closely adjacent to the magnet but separated by a gap 8 therefrom. The feed means 4 which is described below is preferably adjustable towards and away from the belt. Preferably the material is fed at a low speed and non-magnetic particles fall under the action of gravity in a vertical path straight down from the feed means 4, The magnetic particles are attracted towards the belt and are diverted away from the non-magnetics. They therefore fall in a parabolic path away from the ore feed i point. The magnetics pass through the magnetic field until the gravitational force exceeds the magnetic 'I attraction, at which point they fall under the action of gravity, The tnclination of the magnet to the vertical i causing the path of the magnetics to be physically well 'I separated from the path of the non'mtagnoti-cs, |J The ore feed point may be arranged so that the material is supplied within the highest field of the magnet. If the constituents of the mineral ore are well defined the inclination of the magnet can b et So that the strongest magnetic particles fll paraltel and close WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 11.

to the face of the magnet to prevent clogging.

Alternatively if the mineral ore constituents are not well known a belt 10 is provided which moves past and closely adjacent to the face of the magnet 2 as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The belt is supported on rollers 12.

Any strongly magnetic particles will be captured' on the belt and carried away from the magnet thereby preventing clogging of the magnetic separation zone. The belt preferably moves at a relatively fast speed so that there is only a thin layer of strongly magnetic particles captured on the belt thus reducing the risk on a non-agnetic particle being trapped within the magnetic particles. Even when the feed point is close to the magnet, the inclination of the magnet ensures a clean separation. In previous methods of magnetic separation the or had to be supplied at a distance away from the highest field region and the resultant force on weakly magnetic particles was insufficient to divert them away from the non-magnetics.

The angle 3 at which the magnet is inclined to the vertical is preferably set for a particular ore so that the particles within the ore with the lowest magnetic susceptability are forced to move in a path parallel and closely adjacent to the magnet and/or belt In this way it can be ensured that all the magnetic particles are "l^Imm WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 12.

removed from the particulate material.

A further adv .age of inclining the magnet at an angle to the vertical is that any non-magnetic particle scattered into the magnetic strec still has the opportunity of escaping. Obviously the greater the angle of inclination the greater the chance that non-magnetics will be separated out. Although this might suggest that the best arrangement is one in which the magnetic and gravitational forces are arranged in direct opposition i.e. a lifting operation as previously described, this is not the case since in such an operation the material and the magnet must be physically well separated in order to achieve separation of particles. Therefore weakly aagnetic particles will not be cleanly separated out from the ore, Inclination of the magnet to the vertical provides for a compromise between exposing the material to a large region of high magnetic field, allowing any trapped non-magnetics to escape and ensuring that the particulate material is well separated.

The angle 3 may be calculated from a simple vector diagram such as that shown in Figure 3. The magnetic force, represented by Fm, on a particle with the lowest magnetic susceptability in a particular ore is the product of the magnetic susceptability of the particle, the magnetic field strength, the field gradient, and the S2 I t tI 25 [l1 WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 13.

particle mass. Fg represents the gravitational force which acts vertically downwards and is the product of the acceleration due to gravity and the mass of the particle.

The resultant force is represented by Fr and is arranged to be at right-angles to the magnetic force. By simple geometry or by equating the forces on the particle in a direction perpendicular to the magnet or belt it can be shown that the sine of the angle 3 is directly proportional to the magnetic susceptability of the particle. Therefore the angle 3 may be readily calculated and the inclination of the magnet and therefore the magnetic field direction can be arranged so that the weakest magnetic material is constrained to move along the face of the magnet or belt thereby ensuring that all the magnetic parVicles are removed from the ore.

The calculation outlined above is an oversimplification in tha: no consideration is given to the drop in magnetic force away from the magnet face or to other effects such as collisions. The assumption is made that the magnetic force is uniform and acts at right angles to the face of the magnet. A further assumption is that 'optimum' separation is achieved when the magnetic particles fall along the face of the inclined magnet or belt. The latter assumption is based on the fact that separation in this way will firstly increase the liklihood WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 14.

that any non-magnetics trapped in the magnetic particle stream will fall out and secondly produce a large physical separation between the magnatics and non-magnetics.

Therefore the calculation gives a minimum limitation: on the value of the angle 3 which will ensure 'optimum' separation. The separator may for example be arranged so that an excess resultant force is produced, in which case the resultant force would no longer be at right angles to the magnetic force. Alternatively, and as previously mentioned, the separator may be arranged so that the strongest magnetic particles follow a path parallel to the face of the magnet. Therefore it can be seen that for normal operation the inclination to the vertical can be easily calculated and arranged for a particular ore to ensure successful results.

All the magnetic particles will therefore be removed from the ore either by being carried by the belt or by being forced to follow a path parallel to the belt.

However, the point at which the gravitational force will exceed the magnetic attraction for a particular particle will depend on its magnetic susceptability. Since the belt is inclined at an angle to the vertical, particles of different magnetic susceptability will follow different vertical paths under the influence of gravity. Splitters 11 may be positioned to separate the ore not only into Uul~1 'WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 magnetic and non-magnetic fractions but also according to degree of susceptibility. This is shown schematically in Figure 1 where section A represents the strong magnetics, section B the weakly magnetics or middlings and section C the non-magnetics or tails. This separation by degree of susceptibility would be extremely difficult to achieve using previous methods of separation.

The following examples of separations performed with the magnetic separator illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 are included to illustrate the efficiency of separation and the improvement over known magnetic separators. In each case the mixture was allowed to fall past a suitably inclined magnet.

Example 1 Potassium Permanganate (magnetic susceptability 1.75 x 10 7 emu/g) was separated from non-magnetic quartz yielding an 80% grade magnetic product with over recovery in a single pass.

Example 2 A mixture of nickel sulphate (magnetic susceptability 1.6 x 10 5 emu/g) copper sulphate (6 x 10-6 emu/g) and glass sand (non-magnetic) were separated into nearly perfect individual fractions in a single pass.

Example 3 (Comparative) A mixture of bauxite ore and iron-bearing impurities was separated using a magnetic -separator with a vertical double coil magnet and a ramp arranged to feed WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 16.

the particles at some distance from the magnetic face, the particles being dropped from a height onto the ramp.

After two passes the non.-magnetic product contained 2% Fe 2 0 3 With the inclined magnet the non--magnetic product in a single pass was 1.7% Fe20 3 an improvement of Moreover the itrclined magnet was found to give consistently bettor results over a range of particle sizes.

Referring now to Figures 4a, b, c and d various embodiments of feed mea,,9 4 are shown. In Figure 4a a hopper 13 is used which has one outlet wall 14 inclined to the vertical at the same angle as the magnet. This feed means ensures that the particles are fed closely adjacent the magnet face and is suitable for an arrangement where ihe inclination of the magnet to the vertical is small.

When the inclination to the vertical is large a hopper of the type shown in Figure 4a cannot be Used since the particulate material will not flow out of the outlet. The arrangements shown in Figures 4b and 4c are therefore preferably employed. In both of these the feed means 4 comprises a hopper 13 which supplies the particulate material to a flat plate 16 inclined to the vertical down which the material falls and is thereby introduced adjacent the magnet. The arrangement shown in Figure 4b is particularly successful since the plate is inclined at the same angle as the magnet and is positioned such that the magnetic material falls through at least part of the magnetic field region on the plate before being released

I

WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 17.

This ensures that the particulate material falls close to the magnet over a long distance and therefore has a long residence time in the high magnetic field region which results in a cleaner separation.

Figure 4d shows a further embodiment of the feed means 4 where a hopper 13 deposits the particulate material on a slowly moving belt 18. The belt then feeds the material at a point closely adjacent the magnet. A vibrating table may be used as an alternative to the belt as shown in Figure 1.

In all the embodiments of the feed means, the particulate material is preferably fed at a relatively slow speed so that it will have a long residence time in the high magnetic field region. This was not possible in known methods where the magnet was held in a vertical position because the particles had to be dropped from a height to give them sufficient momentum to prevent the stronger magnetics from being trapped on the magnet face and clogging it. This is not necessary with the inclined arrangement because the magnet can be arranged so that the strongest magnetics follow a path parallel to the magnet or a belt can be used to carry the strongest magnetics away.

Magnetic particles may also be separated from a stream of mineral ore suspended in a fluid, most probably WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 18.

water, with an arrangement similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 5 and 6 both show a magnetic separator for such a process. The magnet 2 is supported within a separation chamber 20 which is filled with fluid 22. A stream of mineral ore in a fluid is pumped into the separation chamber 20 adjacent the magnet 2, in the direction of arrow 24. The non-magnetic particles fall away and are collect-a in a conically shaped portion 26 of the separation chamber 20. The non-magnetic particles are recoverable by means of a valve 28. The magnetic particles are attracted towards the magnet and captured by the belt 10 which carries them through the magnetic field region until they fall from the belt either into another conical portion of the separation chamber or, as shown in Figures 5 and 6 externally of the separation chamber in the direction of arrow 30. If the feed point is from one i edge of the magnetic field region as shown in Figure some weakly magnetic particles whose path is diverted slightly but which are not captured on the belt may be recovered from a second conically shaped collector 32 by way of a valve 34.

As an alternative to inclining the magnet to the vertical the inclination to the horizontal of the direction of the magnetic force on a particle may be achieved with an inverted frustro conically shaped magnet i SWO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 19.

in which case a magnetic separation zone will be provided around the circumference of the magnet.

Referring now to Figures 7 and 8 a magnet 2 in accordance with the invention is shown.

The magnet 2 comprises a linear race track solenoid mounted in a cryostat vessel 35. The solenoid coil 36 is shown in Figure 8 from which it can be seen that the coil 36 has two parallel straight sections 38 joined by curved ends 40. Another smaller coil could be provided inside the coil 36. The solenoid is held by a G or C shaped clamp 42 in a helium reservoir 41 which is conveniently at a temperature of 4K, the void between the coil windings being filled with a potting medium, such as epoxy resin. The coil is positioned with its long axis horizontally and the clamp 42 surrounds one side and two edges of the coil to provide a magnetic separation zone on the free side of the coil. The helium reservoir 41 is surrounded by two radiation shields 46 of which the inner radiation shield is preferably held at 16K while the outer radiation shield is preferably held at 60 K. The radiation shields are kept at these temperatures by cooling pipes 48 and are enclosed by a layer of superinsulating material 50. The cryostat vessel is closed by a front cover plate 52, which is made as thin as is practical, a rear cover plate 54 and two edge plates 56 to form a generally rectangular shaped magnet.

WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 The gap 56 between the straight sections 38 of the solenoid coil is 50 mm while the overall distance between the outer windings of the solenoid coil is 180 mm. The distance from the side cf the solenoid to the front of the cryostat vessel is 7 to 20 mm. -he overall length 58 of the coil may typically vary between 150 mm and 4 m. All these values are given by way of example only.

The magnet 2 is powerful, robust and has a long range. Since there is only one coil, the cooling system can be arranged so that there are only minimal heat losses on all sides of the magnet except for the side which provides the magnetic separation zone. The clamp can securely hold the coil and its full theoretical field strength can be realised.

Figure 9 shows a typical force profile of the magnet 2, the y axis representing the distance from the surface of the magnet and the x axis representing the distance from the centre line of the magnet. The lines 62 and 64 depict contours of constant magnitude force as would be experienced by a particle of particular mass and magnetic susceptability when it approaches the magnet, the force at 64 i5 less than that at 62.

The magnet 2 shown in Figure 8 may be employed in the magnetic separator shown in Figures 1 and 2.

WO 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 21.

When the magnet is used in the inclined arrangement the feed position shown in Figures 1 and 2 means the material is fed at 66 on Figure 9 and the ore experiences a much higher field than if it ;is fed at 68 as it would be.in previous methods of magnetic separation.

Furthermore it can be seen that this higher field strength acts over a longer distance. The inclined position of the magnet therefore allows separation of even very weak magnetic particles. In addition any magnetic particles trapped in the non-magnetic stream have a greater chance of being diverted since the force on them acts over a much larger portion of their path.

The magnet 2 shown in Figure 8 may also be employed in the magnetic separators shown in Figures and 11, where the magnet is supported with its sides horizontal. The particulate material is fed below the magnet into the magnetic separation zone by a belt 70. In the arrangement shown in Figure 10 the feed direction is the same as the direction of movement of the belt 10. The magnetic particles are attracted vertically upwards and captured on the belt 10 which carries them past the magnet and away from the non-magnetics which simply fall under gravity. Splitters 11 may be provided either to separate magnetic and non-magnatic particles or as shown in the Eliwo 88/04579 PCT/GB87/00915 22.

drawing to separate the particles in fraction A, B and C by degree of magnetic susceptability.

The arrangement shown in Figure 11 differs only from that shown in Figure 10 in that the movement of the belt is in the opposite direction to that in which the particles are fed. The magnetic particles therefore have their direction of movement reversed and are again carried away by the belt until they fall in the direction of arrow 74. The non-magnetics fall in the direction of arrow 76.

The magnetic separators shown in Figures 10 and 11 are particularly suited when a high capacity process is required because the long reach and high strength of the magnet designed as described above ensures that the magnetic particles will be lifted out even from a large mass of mineral ore.

The magnetic separators described above are not limited to the separation of magnetic particles from an ore and may be equally successfully employed for other particulate mixtures from which it is desired to remove a magnetic component.

Claims

5.5956 9 CLAIMS: 1. A magnetic separator comprising ii superconducting magnet having a coil with two generally straight parallel sections joined by cvr~d ends, the coil being supported by a clamp in a cryostat vessel with the major axis horizontali. so, as to provide a magnetic separation zone on one side of the coil and means for feeding a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material to, the magnetic separation zone. 2. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim I wherein the feed means is arranged to feed the mixture of particulate Material adjacent the Magnet in the region of high magnetic field and then allow the mixture of material to fall under the action of gravity. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim 2 Wherein the feed means is arr'anged, to carry the mixture of m~agnetic and non-magnetic particulate material. past the face of the magnet through at least part of the region of high -magnetic field before allowing the mixture of fall under gravity. 4. A magnetic separator as claimed, in either claim 2 or 3 wherein the mlinor aixis of the oiotth macjnet is positioned at an angle to the vertical, the magnetic separation Zone being below the magneto -24 whereby when the mixture of material is allowed to fall under gravity the non-magnetic particles fall vertically under the action of gravity alone, whereas the magnetic particles are divezteed towards magnet and follow a generally parabolic path until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the angle at which the magne 1 is inclined to the vertical is adjusted so thit the strongest 6 0 rmagnetic particles follow a path which is parallel arid 006close to the -magnet.
6. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim 4 6 ;I wherein the angle at which the magnet is inclined to the vertical is adjusted so that the weakest magnetic particles follow a path which is parallel and close to the belt.
7. A magnetic separator as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 6 wherein the mixture of magnetic and O non-magnetic particuatea material is f~d from a hopper.
8. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim 7 :0 0 a6: wherein the outlet wall of the hopper that is adjacent the magnet Is inclined to the vertical at the same angle as the magnet. V. 25
9. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim 7 wherein the mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material is supplied from the hopper onto a plate inclined to the vertical, down which the particulate material falls, and is thereby fed adjacent the magnet. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim wherein the plate is inclined to the vertical at the same angle as the magnet and is positioned at least partially within the region of highest magnetic field.
11. A magnetic separator as claimed in ay\y one of Claims 4 to 6 wherein the mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material is supplied by means of a vibrating table.
12. A magnetic separator as claimed in either Claim 2 or 3 wherein the magnet is positioned such that the minor axis of the coil is horizontal and the S. magnetic separation zone is below the magnet.
13. A magnetic separator as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 6 and 12 wherein the feed means Scomprises a belt.
14. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the belt carries the mixture of particulate material through at least part of the region of high magnetic field in a direction parallel to the 1 r d f~iA rI 26 major axis of the coil and then allows the material to fall under gravity. A magnetic separator as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein a belt is provided which moves past the magnet closely adjacent the side thereof on which the magnet separating zone is provided between the magnet and the particulate material.
16. A magnetic separator as claimed in Claim wherein the speed of movement of the belt is greater than the feed speed of the particulate material.
17. A magnetic separator as claimed in either Claim 15 or 16 wherein the belt moves in the same direction as that in which the particles are fed.
18. A magnetic separator as claimed in either Claim 15 or 16 wherein the belt moves in the opposite I direction to that in which the particles are fed. *00 S 19. A magnetic separator as claimed in any one of Claims 15 to 18 wherein the mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particulate material is supplied in a stream of fluid to the magnet which is supported in a separation chamber filled with fluid such that the magnetic separation zone is at least partially submerged in the fluid, the non-magnetic particles 27 falling under the influence of gravity, whereas the magnetic particles are attracted towards the magnet and captured on the belt which moves in a direction such as to carry them away from the non-magnetic particles until the gravitational force exceeds that exerted by the magnet and the magnetic particles fall from the belt, the separation chamber being so designed as to allow separate collection of the magnetic and non-magnetic particles. A magnetic separator as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 19 wherein a splitter plate is provided S.in the lower portion of the falling particles' paths to separate the magneti. and non-magnetic particles.
21. A magnetic separator as claimed in any one I of Claims 2 to 20 wherein several splitter plates are provided in the lower portion of the falling particles paths to separates the particles according to degree j of magnetic susceptibility.
22. A magnetic separator as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein the clamp supports one side and both longitudinal edges of the coil, the mgnetic separation zone being provided on the other side of the coil.
23. A magnetic separator as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein a potting medium is provided around the windings of the coil. A ';rj r 28 DATED this 23 July, 1990 SMITH SHELSTON BEADLE Fellows Institute of Patent Attorneys of Australia Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: CRYOGENIC CONSULTANTS LIMITED $*dS. a as** PoeS0 4 *0 0 do. L