AU596683B2 - Composite building panels - Google Patents
Composite building panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU596683B2 AU596683B2 AU76734/87A AU7673487A AU596683B2 AU 596683 B2 AU596683 B2 AU 596683B2 AU 76734/87 A AU76734/87 A AU 76734/87A AU 7673487 A AU7673487 A AU 7673487A AU 596683 B2 AU596683 B2 AU 596683B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- laths
- core panel
- building element
- composite building
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/382—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of concrete or other stone-like substance
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
Abstract
The composite building element comprises a core panel 1 of a rigid foamed material of an expanded synthetic resin and two stiff frames 3, 5 of essentially the same length and the same width as the length and width of the core panel 1. The stiff frames 3, 5 are bonded to the back and front surface 2, 12 of the core panel 1.
Description
d
I
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 59ft6& COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: ~mpeteSpecification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority Related Art: time-ndentS M ade uinder Section 49, and I% correct tor 9rptn"lZ A 4 0 APPLICANT'S REFERENCE.: 34,761-F 44 f Name(s) of Applicant(s): a 4 The Dow Chemical Company Address(es) of Applicant(s): 2030 Dow Centber, 4. Abbott Road, Midland, Michigan 48640, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Address for Service is: PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 367 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 AUSTRAIA Complete Specification for the invention entitled: COMPOSITE BUILDING PANELS Our Ref 63253 POF Code: 1037/1017 The following statement Is a full des~ription of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to applicant(s): 6003q/1 -7r 1/ pp~ COMPOSITE BUILDING PANEL The present invention relates to composite building elements and in particular to composite building panels which have various applications in the buildinq industry, for example for building walls7 floors, ceilings and roofs.
One popular method of building a wall is to build a timber frame which is then filled with glass wool. Since these timber frames are not highly shear resistant, a plywood sheathing is usually nailed to the timber frame. However, the plywood sheathing is relatively expensive and it does not always provide the building element with sufficient shear resistance. Insufficient shear resistance is also experienced when a chip board is nailed to the timber frame 'instead of plywood. The use of a chip board is furthermore o 15 disadvantageous because of the excessive weight of the chip board which is required to obtain satisfactory strength.
to 9 Q .1 i '*1 9 20 1t 25 I 10 In GB patent specification 1 S587 012 it i.s suggested to close a wall space defined by ib- timber frames of building with a foamed polyurethane oz a foalned polystyrene.
However, such timber framnes of which the wall space is filled with foamed polyurethane or polyctyrene sheets have several disadvantages when building the walls. First, the size of the frame and of the foam sheet or slab must be very well adjusted to each other in ord- to avoid gaps between the frame and the foam sh6et or slab. Special seals have been suggested n GB patent specification 1 5.7 012 in order to fill such difficult to avoid gaps, but such seals increase the installation casts. Furthermore, the timber frame has much lower insulation properties than the foam C-34,761.
sheet or slab and therefore forms thermal bridges in the building panel.
In DE-A-2816935 (equivalent to US-A-4193244) a module block is disclosed which consists of two parallel fiber plates.
To each fiber plate two parallel laths are fixed. For connecting the two fiber plates with each other, side plates, for example fiber plates or chip boards, are fixed Sto the laths perpendicularly to the first two fiber plates.Between the four plates, an insulation material such as rock)-wool is placed. However, fiber-plates, ply-wood or chip boards of heavy weight are required for providing sufficient shear strength to the module block. Furthermore, the side plates produced of fiber plates, chip board or ply-wood boards have insufficient insulation properties and 15 therefore form thermal bridges in the module block.
t Therefore, it is desirable to provide a composite building element which does not only have good insulation properties *f but also high strength, in particular high shear resistance. It is also desirable to provide a building element t which can be prefabricated and easily installed and which preferably has a relatively low weight.
t, t t The precent in'nf-ionn prnvi' a composl- bluilding elemenvt which comprises a) a core panel of a rigid foamed material of expanded synthetic resin and b) two stifr frames of essentiall e same length and the f same width as the length width of the core panel which frames are b ed to the back and front surface of the core pael.
The posite building element of the present invention has a suXprisin[gly high resistance to shearing forces.- 2 i, C-34,761 415 i According to the present invention there is provided a composite building element comprising: a) a core panel of a rigid extruded polystyrene foam having a density of from 30 to 60 kg/m wherein at most one of the surfaces selected from the back surface and t-:e front surface of the core panel is provided with a rabbet along the edges of the core panel and/or with one or more grooves; and b) two stiff frames of essentially the same dimensions as that of the core panel, bonded to the back and front surfaces of the core panel by means of an adhesive.
The composite building element of the present invention has a surprisingly high resistance to shearing forces.
*t e SI 39 2a tCo 6i 6L 663-L I) I IL-" _IC 2 Furthermore, the composite building element of the present invention does not provide thermal bridges.
Fig. 1 illustrates a back perspective view on a first embodiment on the composite building element of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates a front perspective view on the first embodiment on the composite building element.
Fig. 3 represents a schematic illustration of the crosssection of the composite building element along line A-A in Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 to 7 are schematic illustrations of the crosssection of further embodiments of the composite building element of the invention.
The composite building element of the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings.
tII ct f With reference to Fig. 1, the composite building element comprises a core panel 1 of a rigid foamed material of an expanded synthetic resin, such rigid foamed polyurethane or Srigid foamed polystyrene. Preferably, the core panel 1 is a rigid extruded polystyrene panel which has a density of from 20 kg/m 3 preferably of from 30 kg/m 3 to 60 kg/m 3 Spreferably to 50 kg/m 3 Most preferably, the core panel is moisture resistant,, The thickness of the core panel 1 S" depends on the desired insulating properties and strength 25 of the building element. Preferably, the thickness is from mm to 200 mm, most preferably from 50 mm to 120 mm. The length and width of the panel is not critical. Usual lengths are from 2 to 6 t, preferably from 2 to 3 m. Usual widths are from 0.6 to 12 m, preferably from 1 to 3 C-34,761 1 A stiff back frame 3 and a stiff front frame 5 are fixed to .the back surface 2 and front surface of the core panel 1.
The frames 3, 5 have essentially the same length and same width as the length and width of the core panel 1, however, it is not necessary that the length and width of the frames 3, 5 are exactly the same as those of the core panel 1. The back frame 3 consists of a first set of at least two parallel laths 7a, 7b and a second set of at least two parallel laths 7c, 7d which are perpendicular to the laths 7a,.7b. As illustrated by-Fig. 1, the back frame 3 can be subdivided by one or more additional laths 8 which are preferably parallel to the main laths 7c, 7a.
The laths 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 8 can be produced of.any sufficiently strong and stiff material to resist forces which are applied perpendicularly to the smallest crosssection of the back frame 3, i.e. to the cross-section along line A-A and perpendicularly to the plane definled by the back frame 3. Usual materials are for example wood, metal, concrete or hard plastic materials. If the back frame 3 is produced of wood, the main laths 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d have preferably a cross-section of from 20 x 20 mm to 150 x 150 mm, most preferably of from 50 x 50 mm to 100 x 100 mm.
The additional lath 8 can have the same cross-section. In I *general, the cross-section of the additional lath 8 is smaller, for example from 20 x 20 mm to 80 x 80 mm, preferably from 25 x 25 mm to 50 x 50 mm. Fig. 1 illustrates that the back frame 3 and the front frame 5 are not in contact with each other. Therefore, the composite building element of the present invention does not provide the undesired 30 thermal bridges through the thickness of the building r element. The back frame 3 and front frame 5 can be fixed to the core panel 1 in -any suitable means, preferably by applying an adhesive such as a polyurethane adhesive between the adjacent surfaces of the back frame 3 and the 4 C-34,761 1 i i I core panel 1 and between the adjacent surfaces of the front frame 5 and the core panel I.
The main back laths 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and optionally the additional back lath 8 can be fixed to each other by any suitable means to build the back frame 3 such as nailing or gluing.
If desired, the corners of the back frame 3 can be reinforced, for example by metal plates which are fixed to the corners of the back frame 3 and to the core panel 1.
Fig. 2 illustrates the same embodiment of the composite building element of the present invention as Fig. I, however, Fig.. 2 represents a perspective front view on the building element. Fig. 2 illustrates a core panel 1 as described with reference to Fig. 1. A stiff front frame is fixed to the front surface 12 of the core panel I. The front frame 5 is built of a first set of at least two parallel laths 9a, 9b and a second set of at least two parallel laths 9c, 9d which are perpendicular to the first set of laths 9a, 9b. The frame consisting of the main laths 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d can be subdivided by one or more optional additional front laths 10. The front laths 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 10 can have the same dimension as the back laths 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 8 described with reference to Fig. I.
Cut out along the edges of the front surface 12 of the core panel 1 are rabbets (see 14a and 14b in Fig. 3) which have essentially the same widths and depths as the widths and thickness of the main front laths 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d. The front F surface 12 of the core panel 1 is further provided with a groove (see 16 in Fig. 3) extending parallel to the edges of the core panel 1 and which has essentially the same dimensions as the cross-section of the additional front lath 10. The front laths 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 10 are placed
C
C-34, 761
I
1 in these rabbets and this groove and fixed to the core panel 1.
As an alternative or in addition to the rabbets and groove(s) in the front surface 12 of the core panel 1, the back surface 2 of' the core panel 1 can be provided with rabbets and/or one or more grooves.
Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate composite building elements of rectangular shape. In.some cases however,- it may be desirable that the core panel does not have a rectangular back or front surface but that is has surfaces of a triangular or trapezoid shape. Such shapes are for example preferred when building the portion of a wall which will be in contact with a sloped roof. In such a case, the two stiff frames are adjusted to the shape of the core panel.
15 In one embodiment of the frames, each frame consists of one set of at least two parallel laths, a lath which is perpendicular to this set of parallel laths and one lath which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to this set of parallel laths.
Fig. 3 illustrates a cross-section along the line A-A in Figs. I and 2. Fig. 3 illustrates how the main back laths 4* 7c, 7d and the additional back lath 8 are arranged on the back surface 2 of the core panel 1. The front surface 12 of the core panel 1 is provided with rabbets 14a, 14b and with a groove 16. The main front laths 9c, 9d and the additional front lath 10 are placed in these rabbets 14a, 14b.and the groove 16 respectively and fixed to the core panel 1.
Fig. 4 illustrates how the composite building panel described with reference to Fig. 3 can be combined with other materials to build a complete wall. An interior finishing layer 20, for example a wood sheet or a gypsum plaster t i~ C-34,761 board is attached to the main back laths 7c, 7d and to the additional lath 8 as well as to the main back laths 7a, 7b .(not shown). Thereby a space 22 is built which allows any pipes and electric cables to be fit into the building element in a convenient way. The front surface 12 of the core panel 1 is covered with an external rendering 24.
Fig. 5 illustrates a cross-section through another embodiment of the composite building element of the present -invention. The main front laths 9e, 9f, the main front laths 9a, 9b (not shown) and the additional front lath 11 are not flush with the front surface 12 of the core panel 1 but are protruding. An external finishing material 26 such Sas a wood cladding can be attached to the main front laths 9e, 9f, to the main front laths 9a, 9b (not shown) and to the additional front lath 11 whereby a second space 28 irn addition to space 22 is provided.
In Fig. 6 a type of cross-section of the main back laths 7e, 7f and of the additional back lath 18 is illustrated which allows the attachment of a fire protection material 30, such as a gypsum layer, directly to the back surface 2 of the core panel 1.
1 tj Fig. 7 illustrates a cross-section through an embodiment of i the composite building element similar to that illustrated f by Fig. 5. However, the front surface 12 of the core panel 1 is not provided with grooves or rabbets.
The following example illustrates the composite building S, element of the present invention and its shear resistance compared to known building elements used in the industry.
7 C-34,761 _7 Example A type of composite building element illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 is tested. The core panel consists of rigid extruded polystyrene foam of a density of about 45 kg/in 3 The length of the panel is 240 cm, the width 120 cm ard the thickness mm. The stiff back frame is built of four main spruce laths of 75 mm x 55 mmi cross-section and an additional spruce lath of 40 mmi x 55 mici cross-section. In the corners, the main timber frame built by the spruce laths of 75 mm. x 55 mm cross-section is r~einforced by diagonally- divided square steel nail plates of 300 mm side length and a thickness of 2 mm. The steel, plates are nailed irregulai,-ly and glued with a polyurethane adhesive to the back frame and to the core panel. The stiff front frame is built of four m'ain spruce laths and an additional spruce lath of n.ix 30 mm. cross-section. The back and front timber frames are glued witha a polyurethane adhesive to the back and front sixrfaces of the core panel.
Comparative Example A 2 5, A spruce frame of 240 cm length and the same width is produced of 5 parallell' .ths of 240 cm length placed at equal distance from each other, the middle lath has a crosssection of 45 x 97 mm and the other four laths have a cross-section of 36 x 97 mm, and a pair of studs of 36 x 97 mm cross-section which are perpendicular to the set of 5 parallel laths. Each- stud is fixed to each lath with two nail s o~f 3.3 x 90 mm.
C-34, 761 -I cc The ihear resistance of this frame is provided by a sheet of 8 mm plywood nailed with nails (2.1 x 45 mm) on each lath and stud of the frame, every 15 cm on the studs and the two-outside laths and every 30 cm on the three middle laths. A gypsum plaster board is nailed to the other side of the frame. The space between these two faces is filled with a glass fiber insulation of 100 mm thickness.
Comparative Example B The same frame as described in Comparative Example A is tV produced. The shear resistance is provided on both sides by a sheet of 12 r~I chipboard nailed with nails (2.8 x 55 mm) every 15 cm on the studs and the two outside laths and every 30 cm on the three middle laths of the frame. The space between the two chipboard sheets is filled with a glass fiber insulation of 100 mm thickness.
t rsr r 1; 'r Ic9,ru c r r For testing the shear resistance of the building elements, two identical composite building panels of the Example are installed vertically side by side, fixed firmly to the floor and interconnected One panel of each of Comparative Examples A and B is a',so installed vertically and fixed firmly to the floor. Across the surface of the panels variable horizontal shearing forces are applied near the upper edge of the panels. The following table illustrates Q-34 e761 4 the weight of the building elements, the horizontal shearing force (load) which needs to be applied until the building element breaks, the horizontal shearing force (load) which is necessary to cause 5 mm deflection of the building element in the cases where a) no vertical load and b) additionally 2.5 kN vertical load is applied and the insulation properties of the building elements.
I C-34,761 i- i ~Lc~ Example I Comp. Examp) Overall dimension (mm) 2400 x 2400 Weight (kg) 62 Horizontal load at rupture (kN) 39,6 Horizontal load for 5 mm deflection with 2.5 kN vertical load (kN) 5,05 Horizontal load for 5 mm deflection with no vertical load (kN) 4 Thermal conductivity (W/m 2 K) 0,28 2400 x 2400 71 11 3,92 2,51 0,34 21O0 x 2400 137 28 7 0,32 4
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.4 o rr
Claims (7)
1. A composite building element comprising: a) a core panel of a rigid extruded polystyrene foam having a den)ity of from 30 to 60 kg/rn 3 wherein at most one of the. surfaces selected from the back surface and the front sufface of the core panel is provided with a rabbet along the edges of the core panel and/or with one or more grooves; and b) two stiff frames of essentially the same dimensions as that of the core panel, bonded to the back and front surfaces of the core panel by means of an adhesive.
2. The composite building element of claim 1 wherein each frame consists a first set of at least two laths and a second set of laths whereby the laths of the second set are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to at least one lath of the first set.
3. The composite building element of claim 1 wherein each frame consists of a first set of at least two 20 parallel laths and a second set of at least two parallel laths which second set of laths is perpendicular to the first set of laths and the laths have a cross-section of from 20mm x 20mm to 150mm x 150mm.
4. The composite building element of claim 2 or claim 3 wherein the laths of the frame6s are made of wood, metal or concrete.
5. The compoiite building element of any one of claims 1 o 4 wherein the core pariel is a rigid extruded polystyrene foam panel having a density of from 30 to kg/m. #9* 4 9 4$ $tc 4,, .4 rrtt r( i I *44# 4* 4, 4 4i 44 9 4 *i 9 __A
6. whe eempestiteub±i6a~ng ement et any 5 wherein either the front surface.ack surface of tEe, core panel 171 e-d with a rabbet along the edges cx-e- InO'r wth ne r more grooves. L The composite building element of claim 1 Oubsbantially as herein described. with reference to ,igures I to 3, Figure 4, Fiiure 5, Figure 6 or Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings. .t re 9 *I44 4C C 6638 6638L
7. The composite building element of claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to the Example. DATED: 9 Nove iber 1989 PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for: THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY VL S;v *t 0$a icZI r r ct r r it r~i~: *1 c 0 0 0 0Ot L 00 39 6638L :i
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3290/86A CH670671A5 (en) | 1986-08-15 | 1986-08-15 | |
| CH3290/86 | 1986-08-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU7673487A AU7673487A (en) | 1988-02-18 |
| AU596683B2 true AU596683B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
Family
ID=4252786
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU76734/87A Ceased AU596683B2 (en) | 1986-08-15 | 1987-08-10 | Composite building panels |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0260435B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE50612T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU596683B2 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH670671A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3761775D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2013279B3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO171647C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ221389A (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002081842A1 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-17 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Reinforced fiber cement article, methods of making and installing |
| US8281535B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles |
| EP1534511B1 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-05-30 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement products |
| US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
| HRP20021035B1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2011-02-28 | Jurić Rozarijo | Wall panels for fast construction of structures |
| US7998571B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-16 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same |
| WO2007115379A1 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | A surface sealed reinforced building element |
| GB201009727D0 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-07-21 | Module Home Future Bvba | Building system |
| DE102014112987A1 (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-10 | Holz Element Produktion Gmbh & Co. Kg | module element |
| JP6386430B2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-09-05 | 大建工業株式会社 | Panels and doors with decorative joints |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3305986A (en) * | 1962-08-07 | 1967-02-28 | Foam Products Corp | Insulated enclosures and panels therefor |
| CA1124482A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1982-06-01 | Cano Thermo Systems Inc. | Panel structure and building structures made therefrom |
| EP0180950A2 (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-14 | Manfred Greschbach | Panel-shaped wall element |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE405029B (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1978-11-13 | Samuelsson Sture Lennart | MODULE BLOCKS AND MODULE SYSTEMS FOR HOUSE BUILDINGS AND WAYS OF MANUFACTURE OF MODULE BLOCKS |
-
1986
- 1986-08-15 CH CH3290/86A patent/CH670671A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-08-10 AU AU76734/87A patent/AU596683B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-08-10 NZ NZ221389A patent/NZ221389A/en unknown
- 1987-08-11 AT AT87111611T patent/ATE50612T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-08-11 EP EP87111611A patent/EP0260435B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-11 ES ES87111611T patent/ES2013279B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-11 DE DE8787111611T patent/DE3761775D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-14 NO NO873431A patent/NO171647C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3305986A (en) * | 1962-08-07 | 1967-02-28 | Foam Products Corp | Insulated enclosures and panels therefor |
| CA1124482A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1982-06-01 | Cano Thermo Systems Inc. | Panel structure and building structures made therefrom |
| EP0180950A2 (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-14 | Manfred Greschbach | Panel-shaped wall element |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0260435B1 (en) | 1990-02-28 |
| ES2013279B3 (en) | 1990-05-01 |
| DE3761775D1 (en) | 1990-04-05 |
| EP0260435A1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| NO873431L (en) | 1988-02-16 |
| AU7673487A (en) | 1988-02-18 |
| NZ221389A (en) | 1991-12-23 |
| NO171647B (en) | 1993-01-04 |
| ATE50612T1 (en) | 1990-03-15 |
| CH670671A5 (en) | 1989-06-30 |
| NO873431D0 (en) | 1987-08-14 |
| NO171647C (en) | 1993-04-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |