AU5963890A - Transmission/emission registered image (teri) computed tomography scanners - Google Patents
Transmission/emission registered image (teri) computed tomography scannersInfo
- Publication number
- AU5963890A AU5963890A AU59638/90A AU5963890A AU5963890A AU 5963890 A AU5963890 A AU 5963890A AU 59638/90 A AU59638/90 A AU 59638/90A AU 5963890 A AU5963890 A AU 5963890A AU 5963890 A AU5963890 A AU 5963890A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- imaging
- images
- gamma
- collimators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims description 157
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000326 densiometry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-YPZZEJLDSA-N cobalt-57 Chemical compound [57Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-YPZZEJLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-AHCXROLUSA-N gadolinium-153 Chemical compound [153Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-AHCXROLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-OUBTZVSYSA-N gold-198 Chemical compound [198Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-OUBTZVSYSA-N iodane Chemical compound [128IH] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-YPZZEJLDSA-N iodine-125 Chemical compound [125I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-YPZZEJLDSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940044173 iodine-125 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002603 single-photon emission computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 38
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012217 radiopharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940121896 radiopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000002799 radiopharmaceutical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000905957 Channa melasoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001821 foam rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/037—Emission tomography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4007—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a plurality of source units
- A61B6/4014—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a plurality of source units arranged in multiple source-detector units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/482—Diagnostic techniques involving multiple energy imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B6/5229—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image
- A61B6/5235—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image combining images from the same or different ionising radiation imaging techniques, e.g. PET and CT
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
- G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
- G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
- G01T1/1647—Processing of scintigraphic data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
- G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
- G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
- G01T1/1648—Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4035—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the source being combined with a filter or grating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/548—Remote control of the apparatus or devices
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US37531889A | 1989-06-30 | 1989-06-30 | |
| US375318 | 1989-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU5963890A true AU5963890A (en) | 1991-01-17 |
Family
ID=23480400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU59638/90A Abandoned AU5963890A (en) | 1989-06-30 | 1990-07-02 | Transmission/emission registered image (teri) computed tomography scanners |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0438555A4 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU5963890A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2041664A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1991000048A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5431673A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1995-07-11 | American Biomed, Inc. | Distal atherectomy catheter |
| JPH0462492A (ja) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-02-27 | Toshiba Corp | 核医学診断装置 |
| US5155365A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-10-13 | Cann Christopher E | Emission-transmission imaging system using single energy and dual energy transmission and radionuclide emission data |
| US5376795A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1994-12-27 | Regents Of The University Of California | Emission-transmission imaging system using single energy and dual energy transmission and radionuclide emission data |
| US5210421A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-05-11 | Picker International, Inc. | Simultaneous transmission and emission converging tomography |
| US5338936A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1994-08-16 | Thomas E. Kocovsky, Jr. | Simultaneous transmission and emission converging tomography |
| US5481115A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1996-01-02 | University Of Utah, The | Electronic calibration of single photon emission computed tomography cameras |
| US5252830A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-10-12 | Irving Weinberg | Dedicated apparatus and method for emission mammography |
| US5965891A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1999-10-12 | Frederick M. Mako | Dedicated apparatus and method for emission mammography |
| US5289008A (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1994-02-22 | Duke University | Method and apparatus for enhanced single photon computed tomography |
| US5296708A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-03-22 | Cti, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transmission measurements to form a 3-D image in tomography applications |
| US5471061A (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-11-28 | Cti Pet Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transmission measurements to form a 2-d or a 3-d image in tomography applications |
| EP0649117A3 (de) * | 1993-10-15 | 1996-01-31 | George S Allen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von medizinische Bilder. |
| US5391877A (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 1995-02-21 | Marks; Michael A. | Combined imaging scanner |
| FR2736178B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-07-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'acquisition d'images en transmission d'un corps soumis a un rayonnement |
| US6201247B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2001-03-13 | Picker International, Inc. | Line source for gamma camera |
| EP1200966A1 (de) * | 1999-03-16 | 2002-05-02 | Gideon Jacobus Johannes Joubert | Eine gamma-strahlungsquelle zur röntgenbilderverwendumg |
| WO2000075691A1 (en) * | 1999-06-06 | 2000-12-14 | Elgems Ltd. | Gamma camera and ct system |
| US6878941B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2005-04-12 | Elgems Ltd. | Gamma camera and CT system |
| EP1420269A1 (de) * | 1999-06-06 | 2004-05-19 | Elgems Ltd. | Gammastrahlungskamera und CT Vorrichtung |
| AU2373401A (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-24 | Adrianus A Van Dulmen | Method of imaging by spect |
| US6787777B1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2004-09-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Nuclear imaging system and method using segmented field of view |
| US6670614B1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-12-30 | Leonard F. Plut | Volume cone beam acquisition on a nuclear spect system using a digital flat panel |
| FR2841655B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-08-27 | Sopha Medical Vision Internat | Machine de medecine nucleaire notamment a correction d'absorption |
| SE522709C2 (sv) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-03-02 | Elekta Ab | Strålterapiapparat med flera uppsättningar hål i kollimatorhjälmen där förskjutbara plattor bestämmer vilka håluppsättningar som strålkällorna ska använda, samt metod att variera strålfältet |
| SE522710C2 (sv) | 2002-07-05 | 2004-03-02 | Elekta Ab | Strålterapiapparat med flera uppsättningar hål i kollimatorringen där förskjutbara plattor bestämmer vilka håluppsättningar som strålkällorna ska använda, samt metod att variera strålfältet |
| US7397893B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-07-08 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Method and apparatus for simultaneous emission and transmission spect using oblique line sources |
| ES2292327B1 (es) * | 2005-12-26 | 2009-04-01 | Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas | Mini camara gamma autonoma y con sistema de localizacion, para uso intraquirurgico. |
| US7593502B2 (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2009-09-22 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for fast rotation speed scanners |
| US8541748B2 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2013-09-24 | General Electric Company | System and method for performing nuclear mammography imaging |
| CN102743182B (zh) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-12-18 | 北京理工大学 | 一种提高扇形束spect成像分辨率的方法 |
| NL2009981C2 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-16 | Umc Utrecht Holding Bv | A device and method for radiographic and nuclear imaging of an object. |
| KR101426620B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-08-06 | 주식회사 삼화엔지니어링 | 아이스링크 빙상용 냉각관 지지대 |
| CN106683142B (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-03-13 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 一种动态螺距ct图像重建方法及装置 |
| FR3062925B1 (fr) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-04-26 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede d'etalonnage d'un spectrometre gamma et dispositif permettant un tel etalonnage |
| EP3628226A1 (de) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-01 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | Verfahren zur überwachung einer gewebeentnahme mittels eines röntgen-bildgebungssystems |
| CN111870264B (zh) * | 2020-07-21 | 2024-03-22 | 上海大骋医疗科技有限公司 | 适用于车载ct的摄像定位系统和方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE351071B (de) * | 1971-08-13 | 1972-11-13 | Atomenergi Ab | |
| US4196352A (en) * | 1978-04-28 | 1980-04-01 | General Electric Company | Multiple purpose high speed tomographic x-ray scanner |
| US4260894A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1981-04-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optimum dose tomography scanning system |
| US4366575A (en) * | 1979-09-13 | 1982-12-28 | Pfizer Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling x-ray tube emissions |
| US4348591A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1982-09-07 | Wunderlich Alan M | Utilizing gamma cameras for uptake studies and restricted fields of view and multiple aperture collimator systems therefor |
| JPS5892974A (ja) * | 1981-11-30 | 1983-06-02 | Shimadzu Corp | 放射型コンピユ−タ断層撮影装置 |
| JPS59180477A (ja) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-13 | Shimadzu Corp | シングルフォトンエミッションｃｔ装置 |
| US4582995A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-04-15 | Technicare Corporation | Spatial registration correction for rotational gamma cameras |
| US4679221A (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | CT X-ray collimator including a reinforced collimator blade assembly |
| US4788429A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1988-11-29 | The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. | Device and method for measuring bone mineral mass |
| IL79733A (en) * | 1986-08-15 | 1990-04-29 | Elscint Ltd | Bone mineral density mapping |
| SU1405819A1 (ru) * | 1987-01-20 | 1988-06-30 | Ташкентский Филиал Всесоюзного Научного Центра Хирургии Амн Ссср | Трансмиссионно-эмиссионный вычислительный томограф |
-
1990
- 1990-07-02 EP EP19900911191 patent/EP0438555A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-07-02 AU AU59638/90A patent/AU5963890A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-02 WO PCT/US1990/003722 patent/WO1991000048A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-07-02 CA CA 2041664 patent/CA2041664A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1991000048A2 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
| WO1991000048A3 (en) | 1991-02-21 |
| EP0438555A4 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
| CA2041664A1 (en) | 1990-12-31 |
| EP0438555A1 (de) | 1991-07-31 |
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