AU2021290425A1

AU2021290425A1 - Slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with cutter head with atmospheric pressure

Info

Publication number: AU2021290425A1
Application number: AU2021290425A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Linran HAO; Kaiwei HE; Lei Huo; Peiyan PANG; Jin XUE; Chengzhang YANG; Guoqiang ZHAI; Ningchuan ZHANG; Kangtai ZHENG
Original assignee: China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co Ltd CREG
Current assignee: China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co Ltd CREG
Priority date: 2021-06-29
Filing date: 2021-12-30
Publication date: 2023-01-19
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-30
Also published as: CN113309531B; CN113309531A; AU2021290425B2

Abstract

The present invention provides a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure, comprising a shield body, a cutter head with 5 atmospheric pressure, a first mucking device and a second mucking device, with a muck chamber being formed between the cutter head and the shield body. A slurry delivery port and a muck delivery port, which are communicated with the muck chamber, are provided on top and bottom of the muck chamber respectively, with the slurry delivery port being communicated with the first mucking device in a blockable manner, and the muck delivery 10 port being communicated with the second mucking device in a blockable manner. When the dual-mode shield machine is in a slurry mode, the muck delivery port is blocked from the second mucking device, and the slurry delivery port is communicated with the first mucking device, so that slurry in the muck chamber are discharged to outside through the first mucking device. When the dual-mode shield machine is in an open mode, the slurry delivery port is 15 blocked from the first mucking device, and the muck delivery port is communicated with the second mucking device, so that muck in the muck chamber is discharged to outside through the second mucking device. The present invention solves the technical problems of limited application range, low boring efficiency and high construction cost of the shield machine. 20 The figure of Abstract is Fig. 1 1/4 102 1 1214 11 13 12 2 4014 0 3402 101FB 8~ 67 8 9 3 10 L A 17 302 301 FIG.1I

Description

1/4

102 1 1214 11 13 12 2 4014

0 3402 101FB

8~ 67

8 9 3

10 L A 17 302 301

FIG.1I

SLURRY OPEN DUAL-MODE SHIELD MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH CUTTER HEAD WITH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a technical field of tunnel constructions in which a shield machine or a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is used for boring, and particularly to a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure.

BACKGROUND The demand on boring devices increases along with the increasing application of tunnel engineering in the world. However, an open TBM or pressure balance shield equipment cannot meet the requirements of safe and efficient constructions. For example, in a tunnel boring process of a mountain tunnel, when a stratum with multiple faults and/or a high water-earth pressure is encountered, the conventional open TBM cannot meet an operation requirement of the tunnel boring process. However, when a conventional slurry shield machine is employed to cope with the construction risk of the faults, it will have the disadvantages such as low boring efficiency, high construction cost, etc. during the long-distance boring in other full-face rock stratums, and the operation effect is not good. There is no effective solution to the problems of limited application range, low boring efficiency and high construction cost of the shield machine in related arts. Therefore, based on years of experiences and practices in related industries, the inventor proposes a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure to overcome the defects of the prior arts.

SUMMARY An objective of the present invention is to provide a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure, which is suitable for tunnel boring under complicated geologies and a high water-earth pressure. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine has two working modes: an open mode in which a tunnel forming construction can be efficiently carried out, and a slurry mode that the slurry open dual-mode shield machine may switched to in case of bad geologies, so that a construction operation can be carried out while guaranteeing the safety of construction personnel, thereby ensuring that the tunnel boring can be proceeded safely, efficiently and quickly. The present invention can be implemented with the following technical solutions: An embodiment of the present invention provides a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure, comprising a shield body, a cutter head with atmospheric pressure and a muck chamber formed between the cutter head and the shield body, wherein the slurry open dual-mode shield machine further comprises a first mucking device and a second mucking device which are provided inside the shield body, a slurry delivery port and a muck delivery port, which are communicated with the muck chamber, are provided on top and bottom of the muck chamber respectively, with the slurry delivery port being detachably coupled to the first mucking device, and the muck delivery port being detachably coupled to the second mucking device; wherein when the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in a slurry mode, the muck delivery port is disconnected from the second mucking device, and the slurry delivery port is communicated with the first mucking device, so that slurry in the muck chamber can be discharged to outside through the first mucking device; and when the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in an open mode, the slurry delivery port is disconnected from the first mucking device, and the muck delivery port is communicated with the second mucking device, so that muck in the muck chamber can be discharged to outside through the second mucking device. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an air cushion chamber is formed at a bottom position inside the shield body, and the air cushion chamber is communicated with the muck chamber through the slurry delivery port, a slurry shutter which can be opened or closed is provided at the slurry delivery port, and the first mucking device is communicated with the air cushion chamber. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first mucking device comprises a slurry discharging pipe, one end of which is communicated with the air cushion chamber, and the other end of which extends to behind the shield body. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first mucking device further comprises a crusher provided inside the air cushion chamber and between the slurry delivery port and the slurry discharging pipe. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first partition plate for controlling opening and closing of the muck delivery port is provided at the muck delivery port, and the first partition plate is connected to a piston rod of a first driving cylinder; wherein when the piston rod of the first driving cylinder is in a retracted state, the first partition plate closes the muck delivery port; and when the piston rod of the first driving cylinder is in an extended state, thefirst partition plate is pushed by the piston rod of thefirst driving cylinder to move into the muck chamber, so that the muck delivery port is communicated with inside of the shield body. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second mucking device comprises a first belt conveyor and a second belt conveyor, one end of the first belt conveyor is coupled to one end of the second belt conveyor, and the other end of the second belt conveyor extends to behind the shield body, the first belt conveyor is connected to a piston rod of a second driving cylinder; wherein when the piston rod of the second driving cylinder is in a retracted state, both the first belt conveyor and the second belt conveyor are located inside the shield body; and when the piston rod of the second driving cylinder is in an extended state, an end of the first belt conveyor distal to the second belt conveyor extends into the muck chamber via the muck delivery port. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, further comprising a front shield shell and a front partition plate, wherein the front shield shell is of an annular structure and is connected between the cutter head and the shield body, and the front partition plate is provided inside the shield body and behind the cutter head; wherein the cutter head comprises a rear back plate and a conical plate of an annular structure, the rear back plate is provided at the rear of the cutter head, and an annular periphery of the conical plate is connected to an edge of the rear back plate, so that the rear back plate, the conical plate, the front shield shell and the front partition plate enclose to form the muck chamber. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of scrapers are provided inside the muck chamber and close to the front shield shell, the scrapers are arranged at intervals along a circumference of the muck chamber, a second partition plate is provided inside the muck chamber, so as to form a muck conveying channel among the front shield shell, the front partition plate, the second partition plate and the scrapers; wherein when the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in the open mode, the muck conveying channel is communicated with a muck receiving port on top of the first belt conveyor. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second partition plate is of a semi-annular structure and is located at an upper half of the muck chamber. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the muck receiving port is provided with a muck conveying plate, one end of which is connected to the first partition plate, and the other end of which is connected to the first belt conveyor, and the muck conveying plate gradually inclines downwards from the first partition plate to the first belt conveyor. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cutter head is provided with a plurality of openings each communicated with the muck chamber. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, further comprising a primary driving device configured to drive the cutter head to rotate, and a central console configured to control the primary driving device, wherein both the primary driving device and the central console are located inside the shield body behind the muck chamber, an output end of the primary driving device is coupled to the cutter head, and a control port of the primary driving device is coupled to a control signal output port of the central console. As described above, the characteristics and advantages of the slurry open dual-mode shield machine include: The slurry open dual-mode shield machine can be switched between the slurry mode and the open mode. When there is a bad geological condition in a boring section of the tunnel, the dual-mode shield machine can be switched to the slurry mode for boring. This mode not only ensures a water-earth pressure balance at a tunnel face during boring to avoid a risk of ground subsidence or heave, but also enables an operator to change cutters in an atmospheric pressure environment inside the cutter head, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator and avoiding decompression diseases which the operator may suffer when changing cutters under hyperbaric pressure. When the boring section of the tunnel is a full-face hard rock stratum, the dual-mode shield machine may be switched to the open mode for boring. In this mode, the tunnel boring can be carried out effectively, the construction duration can be shorten and the construction cost can be decreased. Through the switching between the above two modes, the safe, efficient and quick proceeding of the tunnel boring can be ensured.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The following drawings are only intended to schematically illustrate and explain the present invention, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure in an embodiment of the present invention in a slurry mode; Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure in an embodiment of the present invention in an open mode; Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a cutter head with atmospheric pressure of a slurry open dual-mode shield machine in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure in an embodiment of the present invention along lines A-A of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a scraper in a direction B of Fig. 1. Reference numbers in the present invention: 1: cutter head; 101: rear backing plate; 102: conical plate; 2: shield body; 3: first mucking device; 301: slurry discharging pipe; 302: crusher; 4: second mucking device; 401: first belt conveyor; 4011: muck receiving port; 402: second belt conveyor; 5: primary driving device; 6: central console; 7: first partition plate; 8: muck chamber; 9: slurry shutter; 10: air cushion chamber; 11: scraper; 12: front partition plate; 13: second partition plate; 14: front shield shell; 15: muck conveying channel; 16: muck conveying plate; 17: slurry delivery port; 18: muck delivery port.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. As illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure, which comprises a shield body 2, a cutter head 1 with atmospheric pressure, a first mucking device 3 and a second mucking device 4, wherein the cutter head 1 is provided at a front portion of the shield body 2, a muck chamber 8 is formed between the cutter head 1 and the shield body 2, and both the first mucking device 3 and the second mucking device 4 are fixedly inside the shield body 2. A slurry delivery port 17 communicated with the muck chamber 8 is provided on bottom of the muck chamber 8, and a muck delivery port 18 communicated with the muck chamber 8 is provided on top of the muck chamber 8, wherein the slurry delivery port 17 is being communicated with the first mucking device 3 in a blockable manner, and the muck delivery port 18 is being communicated with the second mucking device 4 in a blockable manner. When the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in a slurry mode, the muck delivery port 18 is blocked from the second mucking device 4, and the slurry delivery port 17 is communicated with the first mucking device 3, so that slurry in the muck chamber 8 can be discharged to outside through the first mucking device 3. When the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in an open mode, the slurry delivery port 17 is blocked from the first mucking device 3, and the muck delivery port 18 is communicated with the second mucking device 4, so that muck in the muck chamber 8 can be discharged to outside through the second mucking device 4. In a tunnel boring process utilizing the slurry open dual-mode shield machine of the present invention, when there is a bad geological condition in a boring section of the tunnel, the dual-mode shield machine can be switched to the slurry mode for boring. At this time, the muck delivery port 18 is controlled to be blocked from the second mucking device 4, the slurry delivery port 17 is communicated with the first mucking device 3, and the slurry in the muck chamber 8 is discharged to outside through the first mucking device 3. This mode not only ensures a water-earth pressure balance at a tunnel face during boring to avoid a risk of ground subsidence or heave, but also enables an operator to change cutters in a atmospheric pressure environment inside the cutter head, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator and avoiding decompression diseases which the operator may suffer when changing cutters under hyperbaric pressure. When a boring section of the tunnel is a full-face hard rock stratum, the dual-mode shield machine may be switched to the open mode for boring. At this time, the slurry delivery port 17 is controlled to be blocked from the first mucking device 3, and the muck delivery port 18 is communicated with the second mucking device 4, so that the muck in the muck chamber 8 is discharged to outside through the second mucking device 4. In this mode, the tunnel boring can be carried out effectively, the construction duration can be shorten and the construction cost can be decreased.. The present invention is mainly aimed at the geological environment with complicated geologies (e.g., the entire tunnel boring mileage includes multiple crushed zones and the full-face hard rock) and a high water-earth pressure (i.e., the pressure is greater than 3.5 Bar) during the tunnel boring, and effectively ensures the safe, efficient and quick proceeding of the tunnel boring. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the slurry open dual-mode shield machine may further comprise a primary driving device 5 configured to drive the cutter head 1 to rotate, and a central console 6 configured to control the primary driving device 5. Both the primary driving device 5 and the central console 6 are located inside the shield body 2 behind the muck chamber 8. An output end of the primary driving device 5 is coupled to the cutter head 1, and a control port of the primary driving device 5 is coupled to a control signal output port of the central console 6. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a center and an periphery of the cutter head 1 are provided with a plurality of openings (not illustrated in the drawings) each communicated with the muck chamber 8. During the boring of the slurry open dual-mode shield machine, the rotation of the cutter head 1 can cut the tunnel face, and the cutoff stones and/or muck can fall into the muck chamber 8 behind the cutter head 1 through the openings. Specifically, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the slurry open dual-mode shield machine may further comprise a front shield shell 14 and a front partition plate 12, wherein the front shield shell 14 is of an annular structure and is connected between the cutter head 1 and the shield body 2, and the front partition plate 12 is provided inside the shield body 2 and behind the cutter head 1. The cutter head 1 may comprise a rear back plate 101 and a conical plate 102 of an annular structure, wherein the rear back plate 101 is provided at the rear of the cutter head 1, and an annular periphery of the conical plate 102 is connected to an edge of the rear back plate 101, so that the rear back plate 101, the conical plate 102, the front shield shell 14 and the front partition plate 12 enclose to form the muck chamber 8. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, an air cushion chamber 10 is formed at a bottom position inside the shield body 2. The air cushion chamber 10 is communicated with the muck chamber 8 through the slurry delivery port 17, a slurry shutter 9 which is vertically movable to be opened or closed is provided at the slurry delivery port 17, and the first mucking device 3 is communicated with the air cushion chamber 10. By controlling the open and closed state of the slurry shutter 9, the communication and blocking between the slurry delivery port 17 and the first mucking device 3 can be controlled. When the slurry shutter 9 is opened, the slurry open dual-mode shield machine can bore in the slurry mode. Specifically, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the first mucking device 3 may comprise a slurry discharging pipe 301, one end of which is communicated with the air cushion chamber 10, and the other end of which extends to behind the shield body 2. When the dual-mode shield machine is in the slurry mode for boring, the slurry in the muck chamber 8 can enter the air cushion chamber 10 and then be discharged to outside through the slurry discharging pipe 301. Furthermore, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the first mucking device 3 may further comprise a crusher 302 provided in the air cushion chamber 10 and between the slurry delivery port 17 and the slurry discharging pipe 301. The crusher 302 can crush and then discharge stones and/or muck with large particle sizes to outside. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, a first partition plate 7 for controlling opening and closing of the muck delivery port 18 is provided at the muck delivery port 18. The muck chamber 8 is provided therein with a first driving cylinder, a cylinder body of which is fixed inside the muck chamber 8, and a piston rod of which is connected to the first partition plate 7. When the piston rod of the first driving cylinder is in a retracted state, the first partition plate 7 closes the muck delivery port 18. When the piston rod of the first driving cylinder is in an extended state, the first partition plate 7 is pushed by the piston rod of the first driving cylinder to move into the muck chamber 8, with the muck delivery port 18 being communicated with an interior of the shield body 2. By controlling the position of the first partition 7 through the first driving cylinder, the communication and blocking between the muck delivery port 18 and the second mucking device 4 is controlled. When the first partition 7 moves into the muck chamber 8, the slurry open dual-mode shield machine can bore in the open mode. Specifically, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the second mucking device 4 may comprise a first belt conveyor 401 and a second belt conveyor 402, one end of the first belt conveyor 401 is engaged with one end of the second belt conveyor 402, and the other end of the second belt conveyor 402 extends to behind the shield body 2. The muck chamber 8 is provided therein with a second driving cylinder, a cylinder body of which is fixed inside the muck chamber 8, and a piston rod of which is coupled to thefirst belt conveyor 401. When the piston rod of the second driving cylinder is in a retracted state, both the first belt conveyor 401 and the second belt conveyor 402 are located inside the shield body 2.When the piston rod of the second driving cylinder is in an extended state, the muck delivery port 18 is opened, and the other end of the first belt conveyor 401 distal to the second belt conveyor 402 extends into the muck chamber 8 via the muck delivery port 18, so that the stones and/or muck in the muck chamber 8 are discharged to outside through the first belt conveyor 401 and the second belt conveyor 402 in sequence. Further, both the first driving cylinder and the second driving cylinder may be, but not limited to, oil cylinders. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, a plurality of scrapers 11 are provided inside the muck chamber 8 and close to the front shield shell 14 (i.e., close to the edge of the muck chamber 8), each being connected to the cutter head 1 and having an L-shaped cross section, wherein the scrapers 11 are arranged at intervals along a circumference of the muck chamber 8, and a second partition plate 13 is provided inside the muck chamber 8, so as to form a muck conveying channel 15 among the front shield shell 14, the front partition plate 12, the second partition plate 13 and the scrapers 11. When the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in the open mode, the muck conveying channel 15 is communicated with a muck receiving port 4011 on top of the first belt conveyor 401. The scraper 11 scrapes the cutoff stones and/or muck, while the front shield shell 14, the front partition plate 12, the second partition plate 13 and the scraper 11 cooperate with each other to receive the muck scraped and stored by the scraper 11, so that the muck will not fall off due to its own gravity. With the rotation of cutter head 1, the scraped stones and/or muck are conveyed by the scrapers 11 to the first belt conveyor 401 through the muck conveying channel 15, and then received and discharged to outside by the muck receiving port 4011. Further, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the second partition plate 13 is of a semi-annular structure and is located at an upper half portion of the muck chamber 8 (i.e., in a range of 900 to 270° in the circumference of the muck chamber 8). With the rotation of the cutter head 1, the scraper 11 will convey the stones and/or muck from a bottom area to a top area of the muck chamber 8. When the scraper 11 rotates to an angle of about 90° or 270° in the circumferential direction of the muck chamber 8, the rocks and/or muck may fall back to the bottom of the muck chamber 8 due to their own gravity and the dynamic angle of repose. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the second partition plate13 to prevent the falling back of the stones and/or muck. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the muck receiving port 4011 is provided with a muck conveying plate 16, one end of which is connected to the first partition plate 7, and the other end of which is connected to the first belt conveyor 401, and the muck conveying plate 16 gradually inclines downwards from the first partition plate 7 to the first belt conveyor 401 (i.e., an end of the muck conveying plate 16 close to the cutter head 1 is higher, and the other end of the muck conveying plate 16 distal to the cutter head 1 is lower). By providing the muck conveying plate 16, it enables the stones and/or muck to smoothly enter the muck receiving port 4011, effectively prevents the stones and/or muck from falling back to the front portion of the cutter head 1, ensures that the stones and/or muck stored by the scrapers 11 will not fall back into a box-shaped structure (i.e., the muck conveying channel 15) behind the cutter head 1 and will not be stirred by a cyclic rotation of the cutter head 1, and effectively increases the volume of muck scraped and stored by the scrapers 11 every time, so that the stones and/or muck can be conveyed to the first belt conveyor 401 quickly and smoothly. The working process of the slurry open dual-mode shield machine of the present invention is as follows: When there is a bad geological condition in a boring section of the tunnel, the dual-mode shield machine can be switched to the slurry mode for boring, which not only ensures a water-earth pressure balance during boring to avoid a risk of ground subsidence or heave, but also enables an operator to change cutters in an atmospheric pressure environment inside the cutter head 1, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator and avoiding decompression diseases which the operator may suffer when changing cutters under hyperbaric pressure. As illustrated in Fig. 1, in the slurry mode, the first partition plate 7 is in an unextended state (i.e., the muck delivery port 18 is closed by the first partition plate 7), and the sealability of the muck chamber 8 can be maintained by the first partition plate 7, so that pressure can be built up normally by the stones, muck, and pressurized gas and water in the muck chamber 8 (in the slurry mode, the muck chamber 8 can also be called as a slurry chamber). During the boring by the slurry open dual-mode shield machine, the rotation of the cutter head 1 can cut the tunnel face, and the cutoff stones and/or muck enter the muck chamber 8 through the openings on the cutter head 1, and then the stones, muck and/or slurry in the muck chamber 8 are discharged to outside through the air cushion chamber 10 and the first mucking device 3 in sequence. When the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in the slurry mode, the slurry shutter 9 is in an open state, and the stones, muck and/or slurry enter the air cushion chamber 10 through the slurry shutter 9. After being crushed by the crusher 302, the stones and muck with large particle sizes are discharged to outside through the slurry discharging pipe 301. The cutter head 1 can rotate in a forward direction or in a reverse direction during the boring. When the boring section of the tunnel is a full-face hard rock stratum, the dual-mode shield machine may be switched to the open mode for boring, which can effectively carry out the tunnel boring, shorten the construction duration and decrease the construction cost. As illustrated in Figs. 2 to 4, in the open mode, the first partition plate 7 is in the extended state (i.e., the muck delivery port 18 is opened), and the second driving cylinder drives the first belt conveyor 401 to move forwards and extend into the muck chamber 8 to collect the cutoff stones and/or muck. During the boring by the slurry open dual-mode shield machine, the rotation of the cutter head 1 can cut the tunnel face, and the cutoff stones and/or muck enter the muck chamber 8 through the openings at the edge of the cutter head 1. At this time, the slurry door 9 is in the closed state, and the stones and/or muck will accumulate in the muck chamber 8 to a certain height, and then will be discharged to outside through the second mucking device 4. When the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in the open mode, the cutoff stones and/or muck will enter the muck chamber 8 from the openings on the cutter head 1, and accumulate at the bottom of the muck chamber 8 to a certain height in the muck chamber 8. When the cutter head 1 rotates, the scraper 11 will rotate with the cutter head 1 and shovel the stones and/or muck accumulated in the muck chamber 8 from the bottom area of the muck chamber 8 like a bucket. With the rotation of the cutter head 1, the scraper 11 will convey the stones and/or muck from the bottom area of the muck chamber 8 to the top area thereof. When the scraper 11 rotates to an angle of about 900 or 270° as illustrated in Fig. 4, the rocks and/or muck may fall back to the bottom of the muck chamber 8 due to their own gravity and the dynamic angle of repose. Thus, the second partition plate 13 is welded on the front partition 12, so that the scraper 11, the front partition plate 12, the second partition plate 13 and the front shield shell 14 enclose the muck and/or stones from all around. Therefore, the stones and/or muck will not fall back to the bottom area of the muck chamber 8 due to the factors such as gravity and dynamic angle of repose. The stones and/or muck are pushed from the bottom area to the top area of the muck chamber 8 by the rotating scraper 11, then fall onto the first belt conveyor 401 through the muck receiving port 4011 and conveyed via the first belt conveyor 401 to fall onto the second belt conveyor 402, andfinally discharged to outside. The cutter head 1 can rotate in a forward direction or in a reverse direction during the boring, and the stones and/or muck can be discharged externally in this mode. The structural designs of the cutter head 1 and the shield body 2 of the slurry open dual-mode shield machine of the present invention will be described in detail as follows. Since the muck receiving port 4011 of the first belt conveyor 401 for receiving and conveying the cutoff stones and/or muck is located in the top area of the muck chamber 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides a plurality of scrapers 11 at the rear of the cutter head 1 to scrape the cutoff stones and/or muck through the scrapers 11. By scraping the cutoff stones and/or muck through the scrapers 11, and providing the second partition plate 13 to receive the muck scraped and stored by the scrapers 11, the muck scraped and stored by the scrapers 11 will not fall off due to the gravity. Thus, with the rotation of the cutter head 1, the scrapers 11 will convey the scraped stones and/or muck along the muck conveying channel 15 to the top area of the muck chamber 8, and then fall into the muck receiving port 4011 of the first belt conveyor 401 for external transportation. The characteristics and advantages of the slurry open dual-mode shield machine of the present invention include: 1. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine is mainly aimed at the boring environment with complicated geologies and a high water-earth pressure, and can switch the working mode according to the boring environment, which can effectively ensure the safe, efficient and quick construction of the tunnel. 2. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine can be switched to the slurry mode for boring, which not only ensures a water-earth pressure balance at a tunnel face during boring to avoid a risk of ground subsidence or heave, but also enables an operator to change cutters in an atmospheric pressure environment inside the cutter head, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator and avoiding decompression diseases which the operator may suffer when changing cutters under hyperbaric pressure. 3. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine can be switched to the open mode for boring, which can effectively carry out the tunnel boring, shorten the construction duration and decrease the construction cost.

Those described above are just schematic specific embodiments of the present invention, rather than limitations to the scope thereof. Any equivalent change and modification made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the concepts and principles of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slurry open dual-mode shield machine equipped with a cutter head with atmospheric pressure, comprising a shield body, a cutter head with atmospheric pressure and a muck chamber formed between the cutter head and the shield body, wherein the slurry open dual-mode shield machine further comprises a first mucking device and a second mucking device which are provided inside the shield body, a slurry delivery port and a muck delivery port, which are communicated with the muck chamber, are provided on top and bottom of the muck chamber respectively, with the slurry delivery port being communicated with the first mucking device in a blockable manner, and the muck delivery port being communicated with the second mucking device in a blockable manner; wherein when the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in a slurry mode, the muck delivery port is blocked from the second mucking device, and the slurry delivery port is communicated with the first mucking device, so that slurry in the muck chamber can be discharged to outside through the first mucking device; and when the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in an open mode, the slurry delivery port is blocked from the first mucking device, and the muck delivery port is communicated with the second mucking device, so that muck in the muck chamber can be discharged to outside through the second mucking device.

2. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 1, wherein an air cushion chamber is formed at a bottom position inside the shield body, and the air cushion chamber is communicated with the muck chamber through the slurry delivery port, a slurry shutter which can be opened or closed is provided at the slurry delivery port, and the first mucking device is communicated with the air cushion chamber.

3. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 2, wherein the first mucking device comprises a slurry discharging pipe, one end of which is communicated with the air cushion chamber, and the other end of which extends to behind the shield body.

4. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the first mucking device further comprises a crusher provided inside the air cushion chamber and between the slurry delivery port and the slurry discharging pipe.

5. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 1, wherein a first partition plate for controlling opening and closing of the muck delivery port is provided at the muck delivery port, and the first partition plate is connected to a piston rod of a first driving cylinder; wherein when the piston rod of the first driving cylinder is in a retracted state, the first partition plate closes the muck delivery port; and when the piston rod of the first driving cylinder is in an extended state, the first partition plate is pushed by the piston rod of thefirst driving cylinder to move into the muck chamber, so that the muck delivery port is communicated with inside of the shield body.

6. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 5, wherein the second mucking device comprises a first belt conveyor and a second belt conveyor, one end of the first belt conveyor is engaged with one end of the second belt conveyor, and the other end of the second belt conveyor extends to behind the shield body, the first belt conveyor is connected to a piston rod of a second driving cylinder; wherein when the piston rod of the second driving cylinder is in a retracted state, both the first belt conveyor and the second belt conveyor are located inside the shield body; and when the piston rod of the second driving cylinder is in an extended state, the other end of the first belt conveyor distal to the second belt conveyor extends into the muck chamber via the muck delivery port.

7. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 6, further comprising a front shield shell and a front partition plate, wherein the front shield shell is of an annular structure and is connected between the cutter head and the shield body, and the front partition plate is provided inside the shield body and behind the cutter head; wherein the cutter head comprises a rear back plate and a conical plate of an annular structure, the rear back plate is provided at the rear of the cutter head, and an annular periphery of the conical plate is connected to an edge of the rear back plate, so that the rear back plate, the conical plate, the front shield shell and the front partition plate enclose to form the muck chamber.

8. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of scrapers are provided inside the muck chamber and close to the front shield shell, the scrapers are arranged at intervals along a circumference of the muck chamber, a second partition plate is provided inside the muck chamber, so as to form a muck conveying channel among the front shield shell, the front partition plate, the second partition plate and the scrapers; wherein when the slurry open dual-mode shield machine is in the open mode, the muck conveying channel is communicated with a muck receiving port on top of the first belt conveyor.

9. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 8, wherein the second partition plate is of a semi-annular structure and is located at an upper half of the muck chamber.

10. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 8, wherein the muck receiving port is provided with a muck conveying plate, one end of which is connected to the first partition plate, and the other end of which is connected to the first belt conveyor, and the muck conveying plate gradually inclines downwards from the first partition plate to the first belt conveyor.

11. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the cutter head is provided with a plurality of openings each communicated with the muck chamber.

12. The slurry open dual-mode shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising a primary driving device configured to drive the cutter head to rotate, and a central console configured to control the primary driving device, wherein both the primary driving device and the central console are located inside the shield body behind the muck chamber, an output end of the primary driving device is coupled to the cutter head, and a control port of the primary driving device is coupled to a control signal output port of the central console.