CN212359771U - Air pressure balance shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an air pressure balance shield machine, which is provided with an air pressure cabin and a slag storage cabin, wherein a hob and a slag inlet are arranged on a cutterhead, the slag inlet is communicated with a slag chute arranged in the cutterhead, a cutterhead supporting arm is connected with a main drive, and the cutterhead supporting arm rotates under the drive of the main drive; the slag scraping plate is arranged on the cutter head and used for scraping slag soil into a slag chute in the cutter head; a slag stopping ring is arranged on the front shield, a slag sliding groove is arranged in the slag stopping ring, an inlet of the slag sliding groove is arranged on the slag stopping ring, and the slag sliding groove is communicated with the slag storage cabin; the slag chute, the slag blocking ring and the slag chute form a slag discharging channel together; the slag soil in the slag chute is transported to the slag storage cabin through the slag chute. The utility model discloses can effectively reduce the settlement of earth's surface and near building (structure), greatly reduce the secondary wear of hobbing cutter, have great popularization prospect.

Description

Air pressure balance shield machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a shield constructs the machine design, in particular to atmospheric pressure balance shield constructs machine.

Background

The tunnel is generally constructed by a subsurface excavation method, the quality of tunnel construction generally depends on the process quality, namely excavation, primary support, water prevention and drainage quality and the like must be mastered in the process of tunnel construction, and the quality of tunnel construction can be ensured only after the quality of the procedures is mastered.

The shield method is a fully mechanical construction method in the construction of the subsurface excavation method, which is a mechanical construction method for forming a tunnel structure by propelling a shield machine in a stratum, supporting surrounding rocks around through a shield shell and pipe pieces to prevent collapse into the tunnel, excavating soil in front of an excavation surface by using a cutting device, transporting out of a hole through an unearthing machine, pressing and jacking at the rear part by a propelling oil cylinder, and assembling precast concrete pipe pieces.

The construction of tunnel machines at present mainly adopts a hard rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), an earth pressure balance shield (EPB), a slurry balance Shield (SPB) and the like. The hard rock tunnel boring machine has the advantages that the construction progress is fast, the hob only breaks rock and is worn, secondary wear is avoided, only water is needed for improvement, residue soil is dry, and the shortcoming that the excavated rock stratum is hard rock and cannot be applied to a soft rock stratum is overcome; the construction method adopting the earth pressure balance shield has the advantages of small occupied area of the working well, low equipment cost and construction cost, quick construction progress and the like; the defects are that the control accuracy of the soil cabin pressure is not high, the ground surface settlement is large after construction sometimes, the secondary abrasion of a cutter is serious due to the residue soil after the cabin is full and pressure is maintained, and the like. The construction of the slurry balance shield has the advantages that the pressure of the soil cabin is controlled by air pressure, the pressure is accurately controlled, the settlement of the earth surface is small in the construction, and the gushing and the like cannot be caused due to the connection of the soil cabin and a slurry pipe; the mud-water separation system on the working well has the defects of large floor area, high cost of shield equipment, large construction power consumption, high and low influence on the construction progress by the capability of the mud-water separation system and the like.

In view of the current tunnel mechanical construction situation, a shield machine is urgently needed to be designed to be suitable for urban tunnel construction with higher and higher requirements.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art's is not enough, provides a atmospheric pressure balance shield constructs machine, sets up the atmospheric pressure cabin and slag discharging channel, is applicable to tunnel construction.

The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an atmospheric pressure balance shield constructs machine, atmospheric pressure balance shield anterior shield baffle the place ahead includes two parts: the device comprises a pneumatic chamber and a slag storage chamber, wherein the pneumatic chamber is an upper space between a front shield partition plate and a soil chamber partition plate and a front space of the soil chamber partition plate, and the slag storage chamber is a lower space between the front shield partition plate and the soil chamber partition plate;

the cutter head is provided with a hob and a slag inlet, the slag inlet is communicated with a slag chute arranged in the cutter head, the cutter head supporting arm is connected with a main drive, and the cutter head supporting arm is driven by the main drive to rotate;

the slag scraping plate is arranged on the cutter head and used for scraping slag soil into a slag chute in the cutter head; a slag stopping ring is arranged on the front shield, a slag sliding groove is arranged in the slag stopping ring, an inlet of the slag sliding groove is arranged on the slag stopping ring, and the slag sliding groove is communicated with the slag storage cabin; the slag chute, the slag blocking ring and the slag chute form a slag discharging channel together; the slag soil in the slag chute is transported to the slag storage cabin through the slag chute.

Preferably, the soil cabin partition plates comprise an outer soil cabin partition plate and a middle soil cabin partition plate, the outer soil cabin partition plate and the middle soil cabin partition plate are respectively fixed with the front shield (or can be described as a fixed support with the front shield), a soil cabin partition ring is arranged between the outer soil cabin partition plate and the middle soil cabin partition plate, and the soil cabin partition ring is fixed with the cutter head support arm.

Preferably, the main drive is connected with the motor and the speed reducer, and the main drive is driven by the motor and the speed reducer.

As a preferred mode, the cutter head is provided with a water spraying opening, the water spraying opening is connected with a water pump through a pipeline, and the water pump is communicated with a water storage device.

Preferably, the slag chute is of an inclined structure, and the inclination angle of the inclined structure is 30-45 degrees.

Preferably, the shield machine comprises an anterior shield, a middle shield and a shield tail. The front shield partition plate is arranged between the front shield and the middle shield, a slag inlet is arranged on the front shield partition plate, and the slag inlet is connected with an inlet of the screw conveyor.

Preferably, the middle shield and the shield tail are sealed in a hinged mode. The hinge seal uses a hinge rubber seal. The hinge seal is an encapsulation measure for preventing earth sand, underground water and the like of the surrounding stratum from flowing into the shield from the gap between the shield and the shield tail.

Preferably, the shield tail is subjected to sealing treatment (shield tail sealing). The shield tail seal is a sealing measure arranged for preventing soil sand and underground water of surrounding strata, filling slurry behind the ground, muddy water on a digging surface and mud from flowing into the shield from a shield tail gap.

Preferably, the shield tunneling machine further comprises an erector, and the erector is used for sequentially assembling a plurality of segments of a ring of segments into a ring.

The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model relates to an atmospheric pressure balance shield constructs. The balance pressure of the shield excavation surface is directly balanced by air pressure, so that the settlement of the earth surface and nearby buildings (structures) can be effectively reduced. The dregs excavated by the cutter disc hob are conveyed to the dreg storage cabin through the dreg scraping plate, the dreg sliding groove, the dreg blocking ring and the dreg sliding groove in real time, and the secondary abrasion of the hob is greatly reduced. The air pressure balance shield machine is provided with the air pressure chamber, can reduce the secondary abrasion of the hob and has a good popularization prospect.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pneumatic balance shield machine;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the anterior shield bulkhead;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a soil chamber partition;

in the figure, 1-cutterhead, 2-front shield, 3-camera, 4-front shield partition, 5-first man gate, 6-middle shield, 7-man gate, 8-hinged seal, 9-propulsion oil cylinder, 10-second man gate 10, 11-shield tail, 12-segment, 13-erector, 14-shield tail seal, 15-screw conveyor, 16-screw rear gate, 17-screw driver, 18-belt, 19-motor and speed reducer, 20-main driver, 21-cutterhead support arm, 22-slag storage cabin, 23-outside soil cabin partition, 24-slag scraper, 25-slag chute, 26-middle soil cabin partition, 27-slag stopping ring, 28-slag chute, 29-pneumatic cabin, 30-pneumatic sensor, 31-air inlet, 32-nozzle, 33-overflow port, 34-slag inlet and 35-soil cabin spacer ring.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the presence of a first feature above or below a second feature may encompass direct contact of the first and second features, and may also encompass contact of the first and second features not being in direct contact, but via additional features between them. Also, the first feature being above, on or above the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. Including a first feature being directly below and obliquely below a second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature, if present below, under or below the second feature.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1, an air pressure balance shield machine, in front of a front shield partition 4 of the air pressure balance shield machine, includes two parts: the device comprises an air pressure cabin 29 and a slag storage cabin 22, wherein the air pressure cabin 29 is an upper space between a front shield partition plate 4 and a soil cabin partition plate and a front space of the soil cabin partition plate, and the slag storage cabin 22 is a lower space between the front shield partition plate 4 and the soil cabin partition plate;

a hob and a slag inlet are arranged on the cutter head 1, the slag inlet is communicated with a slag chute 25 arranged in the cutter head 1, a cutter head supporting arm 21 is connected with a main drive 20, and the cutter head supporting arm 21 is driven by the main drive 20 to rotate;

a slag scraping plate 24 is arranged on the cutter head 1, and the slag scraping plate 24 is used for scraping slag soil into a slag chute 25 in the cutter head 1; a slag stopping ring 27 is arranged on the front shield 2, a slag sliding groove 28 is arranged in the slag stopping ring 27, the inlet of the slag sliding groove 28 is arranged on the slag stopping ring 27, and the slag sliding groove 28 is communicated with the slag storage cabin 22; the slag chute 25, the slag baffle ring 27 and the slag chute 28 form a slag discharging channel together; the slag soil in the slag chute 25 is transported to the slag storage chamber 22 through the slag chute 28.

The excavation face of the air pressure balance shield is controlled in an air pressure balance mode, a hob of the hard rock tunnel boring machine is free of secondary abrasion, the improvement cost of the muck is low, the land occupation area of the earth pressure balance shield working well is small, the construction progress is fast, the construction cost is low, the earth pressure balance shield has the advantages of being accurate in earth cabin pressure control and small in earth surface and building settlement, and the air pressure balance shield has a large popularization prospect.

Example two

As shown in fig. 3, the soil cabin partition comprises an outer soil cabin partition 23 and a middle soil cabin partition 26, the outer soil cabin partition 23 and the middle soil cabin partition 26 are respectively fixed with the front shield 2 (or can be described as a fixed support with the front shield 2), and a soil cabin partition ring 35 is arranged between the outer soil cabin partition 23 and the middle soil cabin partition 26.

For the gas pressure chamber 29 and the slag trap chamber 22 can be described as: the front shield partition plate 4 between the front shield 2 and the middle shield 6 divides the inner space of the front shield 2 into two parts by an outer soil cabin partition plate 23, a middle soil cabin partition plate 26 and a soil cabin partition ring 35, an air pressure cabin 29 is arranged above the front and middle soil cabin partition plates 26, and a slag storage cabin 22 is arranged in the space below the rear of the middle soil cabin partition plate 26.

The main drive 20 is connected with the motor and the speed reducer 19, and the main drive 20 is driven by the motor and the speed reducer 19. The main drive 20 is internally provided with a main bearing gear ring, and the main bearing is called as the heart of the shield machine, bears the main load of the shield machine in the operation process and is a key part of a drive system of the cutter head 1.

The motor and reducer 19 is mounted on the main drive 20. The main drive 20 and the cutter head supporting arm 21 are fixedly connected by high-strength bolts. The whole cutter head structure comprises a cutter head main body, a hob, a slag scraping plate 24, a slag chute 25, a cutter head supporting arm 21, a soil cabin spacer ring 35 and the like. The cutterhead support arm 21 and the soil compartment spacer ring 35 are welded together. The outer soil cabin partition plate 23, the middle soil cabin partition plate 26, the slag blocking ring 27 and the slag sliding groove 28 are respectively fixed with the front shield 2.

Through the arrangement, the air pressure chamber 29 can be ensured to have no muck in space and also can be ensured to slag, the structure is reasonable, and the practical application is convenient.

EXAMPLE III

The cutter head 1 is provided with a water spraying opening, the water spraying opening is connected with a water pump through a pipeline, and the water pump is communicated with a water storage device. And water is sprayed in front of the cutter head 1 for dust fall and temperature reduction. The water spraying step is arranged before the cutter head 1 starts to rotate, and the effect is better.

The slag chute 28 is of an inclined structure, and the inclination angle of the inclined structure is 30-45 degrees. The direction of inclination of the inclined structure can be seen in fig. 1, the direction from the cutterhead 1 to the main drive 20, from top to bottom.

The shield machine comprises a front shield 2, a middle shield 6 and a shield tail 11. The front shield partition plate 4 is arranged between the front shield 2 and the middle shield 6, a slag inlet 34 is arranged on the front shield partition plate 4, and the slag inlet 34 is connected with an inlet of the screw conveyor 15.

And a hinged seal 8 is adopted between the middle shield 6 and the shield tail 11, so that the shield can turn conveniently. The hinge seal 8 is a hinge rubber seal. The articulated seal 8 serves as a sealing means for preventing earth and sand, ground water, etc. from the surrounding formation from flowing into the shield from the gap between the shield 6 and the shield tail 11.

The shield tail 11 is sealed (shield tail seal 14). The shield tail seal 14 is a sealing means provided to prevent earth and sand in the surrounding ground, ground water, slurry filled in the back, slurry on the excavation face, and soil from flowing into the shield from the gap between the shield tail 11.

The shield tunneling machine further comprises an erector 13, and the erector 13 is used for sequentially assembling a plurality of segments 12 of a ring of segments 12 into a ring. A screw conveyor 15 runs through the erector 13 to ensure that the two devices do not interfere with each other.

Example four

A camera 3 is arranged above the anterior shield 2. There are two doors around people's floodgate 7: a first people gate 5 and a second people gate 10. The first gate 5 is installed on the front shield partition 4, is always in a closed state in the shield tunneling process, and is opened when the shield stops tunneling and needs to be opened. An air pressure sensor 30, an air inlet 31, a nozzle 32, an air overflow port 33, a slag inlet 34 and the like are arranged on the anterior shield partition plate 4.

Air pressure balance shield control principle:

in the shield tunneling process, in order to control the deformation of the excavation surface, air pressure is adopted for control. Comparing the actual air pressure value of the air pressure sensor 30 with the theoretical balance pressure, gradually increasing the air pressure value of the air inlet 31 entering the air pressure chamber 29 when the actual air pressure value is lower than the theoretical balance pressure, and adding pressurized air; the value of the air pressure entering the air chamber 29 from the air inlet 31 is maintained when the actual value of the air pressure is equal to the theoretical equilibrium pressure; when the actual air pressure is larger than the theoretical equilibrium pressure, the air relief opening 33 is opened for a short time, the air pressure chamber 29 is deflated, the air pressure value of the air inlet 31 entering the air pressure chamber 29 is gradually reduced, and once the actual air pressure value is equal to the calculated equilibrium pressure, the air relief opening 33 is closed immediately. The air pressure in the air pressure chamber 29 is adjusted to a precision value of 0.01bar, so that the control precision of the balance pressure can reach 0.01 bar.

During the shield tunneling process, the condition of the slag storage chamber 22 and the gas ballast chamber 29 can be observed at any time through the camera 3. When the slag soil in the slag storage cabin 22 exceeds the slag storage capacity, the rotating speed of the screw conveyor 15 is increased, and the slag discharging speed is increased; when the slag storage chamber 22 has less slag soil, the rotating speed of the screw conveyor 15 is reduced, and the slag discharging speed is reduced. When the penetration rate of the slag soil gas in the slag storage cabin 22 and the spiral conveyor 15 is high and the shield air pressure balance is difficult to realize, polymer solution is sprayed into the upper part of the slag soil in the slag storage cabin 22 through the nozzle 32, so that the penetration rate of the slag soil is reduced, and the air retention capacity of the air pressure cabin 29 is improved.

During the shield tunneling process, the rotating speed of the cutter head 1 is properly increased, and the slag soil cut from the lower front part of the cutter head 1 enters the slag storage cabin 22 at a higher speed, so that the purpose that no slag soil is cut from the front part of the cutter head 1 is ensured, and the secondary abrasion of the cutter is prevented.

The design of the cutterhead 1 is substantially the same as that of a hard rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), but with certain differences. The cutter head 1 can rotate left and right, so that the scraper plates 24 are arranged in both directions. The scraper 24 technology is mature, for example, utility model patent with publication number CN204685527U discloses an integral scraper 24 of tunnel boring machine cutter head 1.

The air pressure balance shield only uses water to cool the excavation surface and the cutter, the water content of the muck discharged from the screw conveyor 15 is lower, and the muck improvement and muck discharge abandoning cost is lower in the shield construction process.

In the normal tunneling process of the air pressure balance shield, the inside of the cutter head 1 and the front of the cutter head 1 are basically free of muck, and the front excavation surface is balanced by air pressure. When the shield needs to be stopped for a long time, the screw conveyor 15 does not discharge slag before the tunneling is stopped, the air pressure chamber 29 is filled with slag, then the shield is stopped, air supply balance is stopped, and the front excavation surface is balanced by the slag. When tunneling again, firstly, the air pressure balance is controlled, then slag is discharged to empty the slag in the air pressure chamber 29, and then tunneling is normally performed.

The air pressure balance shield machine is suitable for hard rock and medium hard rock and can adopt the stratum with stable air pressure and less air seepage amount, the application range is wider than that of a hard rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), the control precision is higher than that of an earth pressure balance shield machine (EPB), the construction cost is lower than that of an earth pressure balance shield machine (SPB), and the three traditional mechanical advantages are obvious.

EXAMPLE five

A construction method of an air pressure balance shield machine comprises the following steps:

water spraying: spraying water in front of the cutter head 1 for dust fall and cooling;

a starting step: the motor and the reducer 19 rotate to drive the main bearing big gear ring in the main drive 20 to rotate, and finally the cutter head 1 rotates;

a deslagging step: the original soil in front is extruded and crushed by a hob on the cutter head 1 and falls to the lower part in front of the cutter head 1, the slag scraping plate 24 scrapes the slag into the slag chute 25 when rotating to pass through the lower part, when the inward angle of the slag chute 25 exceeds 0 degree, the slag in the slag chute 25 slides downwards due to the action of gravity and is blocked by the slag blocking ring 27, and when the slag in the slag chute 25 exceeds the height of the slag blocking ring 27, the slag directly falls onto the slag chute 28 due to the action of gravity and falls into the slag storage cabin 22 through the slag sliding groove 28;

a propulsion step: starting the propulsion oil cylinder 9, and pushing the thrust of the propulsion oil cylinder 9 forward on the front end surface of the duct piece 12;

a slag conveying step: the rear gate of the screw conveyor 15 is opened, the screw conveyor 15 is started, the screw conveyor drive 17 drives the screw shaft in the screw conveyor 15 to rotate, the residue soil falls onto the lower belt 18 through the residue inlet 34, the screw conveyor 15 and the rear gate of the screw conveyor 15, is transported to a residue car through the belt 18, and is finally transported away by the battery car.

After the shield tunneling machine advances a certain distance (generally, the length of the segment 12), the shield tunneling machine stops advancing, and a segment 12 erector 13 is adopted to assemble a plurality of segments 12 of a ring of segments 12 into a ring in sequence. And then tunneling and assembling are carried out. When the rotation angle of the shield body of the air pressure balance shield machine is increased, the cutter head 1 can rotate in the opposite direction.

The utility model discloses existing hard rock tunnel boring machine hobbing cutter does not have secondary wear, and the muck improvement is with low costs, has soil pressure balance shield to construct work well area little again, the construction progress is fast, construction cost is low, and muddy water balance shield constructs the advantage that earth cabin pressure control is accurate, earth's surface and building subside for a short time in addition.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting, and all changes, equivalents, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be understood as being included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides an atmospheric pressure balance shield constructs machine which characterized in that: the front shield partition plate of the air pressure balance shield comprises two parts: the device comprises a pneumatic chamber and a slag storage chamber, wherein the pneumatic chamber is an upper space between a front shield partition plate and a soil chamber partition plate and a front space of the soil chamber partition plate, and the slag storage chamber is a lower space between the front shield partition plate and the soil chamber partition plate;

the cutter head is provided with a hob and a slag inlet, the slag inlet is communicated with a slag chute arranged in the cutter head, the cutter head supporting arm is connected with a main drive, and the cutter head supporting arm is driven by the main drive to rotate;

the slag scraping plate is arranged on the cutter head and used for scraping slag soil into a slag chute in the cutter head; a slag stopping ring is arranged on the front shield, a slag sliding groove is arranged in the slag stopping ring, an inlet of the slag sliding groove is arranged on the slag stopping ring, and the slag sliding groove is communicated with the slag storage cabin; the slag chute, the slag blocking ring and the slag chute form a slag discharging channel together; the slag soil in the slag chute is transported to the slag storage cabin through the slag chute.

2. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 1, wherein: the soil cabin partition plate comprises an outer soil cabin partition plate and a middle soil cabin partition plate, the outer soil cabin partition plate and the middle soil cabin partition plate are respectively fixed with the front shield, a soil cabin spacer ring is arranged between the outer soil cabin partition plate and the middle soil cabin partition plate, and the soil cabin spacer ring is fixed with the cutter head support arm.

3. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 1, wherein: the main drive is connected with the motor and the speed reducer and is driven by the motor and the speed reducer.

4. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 1, wherein: the cutter head is provided with a water spraying opening, the water spraying opening is connected with a water pump through a pipeline, and the water pump is communicated with a water storage device.

5. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 1, wherein: the slag sliding groove is of an inclined structure, and the inclination angle of the inclined structure is 30-45 degrees.

6. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 1, wherein: the shield machine comprises a front shield, a middle shield and a shield tail.

7. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 6, wherein: the middle shield and the shield tail are sealed in a hinged mode.

8. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 6, wherein: and sealing the shield tail.

9. The air pressure balance shield machine of claim 1, wherein: the shield tunneling machine further comprises an assembling machine, and the assembling machine is used for assembling a plurality of segments of a ring of segments into a ring in sequence.

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