AU2021205020B1 - Apparatuses Based on Jet-Effect and Thermoelectric Effect - Google Patents

Abstract

OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention discloses a method and modified aerodynamic apparatuses: fluid pushers-off and fluid motion-sensors, making enable efficient implementation and use of a controllable enhanced waving jet-effect, controllable using the Peltier effect and/or the Seebeck effect. The 5 modified aerodynamic apparatuses are geometrically shaped and supplied with built-in thermoelectric devices, wherein the presence of the thermoelectric devices provides for new functional properties of the modified aerodynamic apparatuses. The method solves the problem of effective control of the operation of modified aerodynamic apparatuses such as loudspeakers, loudness amplifiers, and detectors of acoustic waves, both of a highly-efficient 10 functionality. Page 47 of 47

Description

Apparatuses Based on Jet-Effect and Thermoelectric Effect

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to the use of a jet-effect in combination with a thermoelectric effect destined for controlling both the jet-effect and the laminarity of a headway moving fluid flow, and, more particularly, to a method for designing an aerodynamic apparatus controllably pulling-in and pushing-off a portion of fluid; the apparatus comprises a matrix of thermoelectric elements which are controllable to trigger origination of desired temperature differences and, thereby, to suppress the concomitant turbulence in the accelerated fluid portion, wherein when the desired acceleration of the fluid portion oscillates with a certain frequency, an acoustic wave of this frequency and without the concomitant turbulence becomes originated.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A widened BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION may be referred to the Australian patent application 2020281012 filed on December 1, 2020, which is indicated by AU09A, wherein the widened BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION is not narrated herein for brevity. The disclosures of AU09A are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In this document, a reduced BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION comprising aspects introducing directly to the claims of the present patent of addition application is repeated only.

The following issued patents and publications provide potentially relevant background material, and are all incorporated by reference in their entirety: • EP1215936 (A2) by YOSHIKAWA TAKAMASA, further indicated by A04; • EP2061098 (Al) by MIYACHI MAMORU, further indicated by A05; * W02019207578 (Al) by CUKUREL BENI, further indicated by A06; • US5367890 (A) by DOKE MICHAEL J, further indicated by A07; • the paper "Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Structure, Properties, and Applications" by T.M. Tritt [book: "Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology (Second Edition)" ELSEVIER-2002, Pages 1-11] further indicated by D01;

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• the paper "Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Structure, Properties, and Applications" by I.Terasaki ["Reference Module in Materials Science and Material Engineering" ELSEVIER-2016], further indicated by D02; * the paper "Thermo-Electric Cooler: Peltier Device Characteristics" by Jeethendra Kumar P.K. and Ajeya PadmaJeeth, KamalJeeth Instrumentation &Service Unit, Tata Nagar, Bengaluru-560092, Karnataka, India, further indicated by D03; • US20090272417 Al by Jurgen Schulz-Harder, further indicated by D04,

Preamble and Terminology For the purposes of the present patent application, the introduced term "molecular fluid" should be understood as a fluid substance composed of randomly moving and interacting molecules, according to the kinetic theory of matter. In this relation: " symbols a, b should be understood as the van der Waals parameters; " symbol y should be understood as the effective adiabatic compressibility parameter of the fluid, which (the y) is defined such that, for a hypothetically ideal gas, it becomes equal to adiabatic compressibility-constantj, in turn, specified as equal to 1+ 2/n, where n is the number of degrees of freedom per molecule of the hypothetical ideal gas wherein n depends on a configuration of the hypothetical ideal gas molecules; for instance, for air having dominantly bi-atomic molecules, n = 5, and j = 7/5 that is a good approximation for the generalized adiabatic compressibility parameter y.

In the present patent application, considering sound as a complicated movement in a molecular fluid, a diversity of embodiments, in which additional degrees of freedom allowing to control thermodynamic parameters of the moving fluid are utilized to solve aerodynamic problems of controlling the sound, is disclosed. The diversity includes: o an improved acoustic device, o a two-stage sound amplifier, o a hearing aid, and o an acoustic wireless charger.

In relation to the molecular fluid, to analyze the equation of the molecular fluid motion, for the purposes of the present patent application, the term "jet-effect" is used in a wide sense as the effect of fluid flow portion convective acceleration at the expense of fluid portion heat. In particular, the jet-effect occurs when the fluid portion moves adjacent to configured walls and is subjected to the walls accelerating action, as seemingly "negative drag".

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For the purposes of the present patent application, further terms are specified as follows: e the term "fluid pusher-off' should be understood in a broad sense as a device interacting with a portion of the ambient fluid, gaseous or liquid, to cause pulling-in and/or pushing-off the fluid portion resulting in motion of the fluid portion relative to the device corpus; * the term "fluid motion-sensor" should be understood in a broad sense as a device interacting with a portion of the ambient fluid, gaseous or liquid, to detect motions of the fluid portion relative to the device corpus; • the term "M-velocity" should be understood as the fluid velocity measured in Mach numbers or velocity normalized to the temperature-dependent velocity of sound in the fluid; * the value of specific M-velocity is quantified via the effective adiabatic compressibility parameter of the fluid y as M, = (y- 1)/y; for air as a diatomic molecular gas, the generalized adiabatic compressibility parameter y equals y = 7/5 = 1.4, and M,= S(y - 1)/y = 0.5345 Mach; and * the well-known terms "audible sound" and "ultrasound" are used to specify frequency ranges of acoustic waves as follows: (a) the audible frequency range is defined as including frequencies from 20 Hertz to 20 kHertz; and (b) the ultrasound frequencies are defined as frequencies higher than 20 kHertz and further specified as lower than 1 gigaHertz.

and * the well-known terms "direct current (DC)" and "alternating current (AC)" should be understood in a broader sense: (a) the direct current (DC) should be understood as a current, value of which can vary but remaining either positive or negative; and (b) the alternating current (AC) should be understood as a current, value of which changes in a sign during a considered time.

Referring to the defined term "molecular fluid", the earlier defined term "flow velocity" is further specified as a measure of the molecular fluid's molecules motion in a prevalent direction in addition to the random Brownian motion. There is, therefore, a need in the art for a method and apparatus to provide a proper optimal design of a system, implementing a controllable jet-effect appropriate for use in industry.

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Sound as Complicated Movement in Molecular Fluid In physics, an acoustic (elastic) wave is an oscillation accompanied by a transfer of energy that travels through a medium (for instance, the ambient fluid). Waves consist of oscillations or vibrations of particles (molecules), around almost fixed locations. A forcedly accelerated membrane is a trivial aerodynamic device - a fluid pusher-off, capable of originating an elastic wave propagating in the ambient fluid. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, displacing particles of the transmission medium with little or no associated mass transport. From the point of view of the energy consumption by a source of the acoustic wave, the energy transmission is given free of charge; it is given at the expense of the heat energy of the ambient fluid as a result of the triggered waving jet-effect. The wave front propagates in accordance with the Huygens-Fresnel principle saying that every point, which a wave-front disturbance reaches, becomes a source of a secondary spherical wave, wherein the interference superposition of these secondary waves determines the form of the wave at any subsequent time. In physics, sound (acoustic wave) in a fluid is interpreted as an oscillating change of the fluid's thermodynamic parameters, namely, the oscillating change of the static pressure P, mass density p, and absolute temperature T, wherein the thermodynamic parameters are interrelated according to the van der Waals law of fluid state in an adiabatic process. Wherein, the oscillating changes in the fluid's thermodynamic parameters are such to result in triggering of the jet-effect manifested as fluid motion in the form of the propagating acoustic wave. For the sake of concretization and without loss of generality, consider: " the air as a particular case of the fluid, and " the sound propagating in the air as a particular case of the acoustic wave propagating in the fluid, wherein the propagating process is approximated as an adiabatic process accompanied by the waving jet-effect. An adiabatic process in gas is described by the condition P/pY = Const or P/ TylKy-) = Const or T/py-l = Const or the equivalent thermodynamic differential equations interrelating changes in absolute temperature T, mass density, and static pressure P of gas as follows: dp_ -= -1dP Eq. (1.1a) p yP

{dT y-1dP - =y- Eq. (1.1b)

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The associated with sound oscillating changes of the fluid's thermodynamic parameters

I along an axis x collinear with the direction of the sound propagation is expressed as: SP p AP x e-i(t-Kx) =Ap x e-i(Ot-Kx) Eq. (1.2a) Eq. (1.2b) ST =AT x e-i(t-Kx) Eq. (1.2c) where: SP, Sp, ST are the oscillating changes of the static pressure, the mass density, and the absolute temperature, correspondingly; AP, p, AT are amplitudes of the oscillating change of the static pressure, the mass density, and the absolute temperature, correspondingly; o is the cyclic frequency of the oscillating change; K is the wavenumber interrelated with the cyclic frequency o of the acoustic wave as K = o/u, where u, is the phase velocity of the sound propagation in the fluid. Taking into account the interrelations between the thermodynamic parameters in an adiabatic process described by the equations Eqs. (1.1a) and (1.1b), the equations Eqs. (1.2a), (1.2b), and (1.2c) describing the oscillating changes of the fluid's thermodynamic parameters associated with the sound are rewritten as a system of equivalent equations as follows: SP AP - =P x exp[-i(wt - Kx)] Eq. (1.3a) Sp_ 1AP = - - x exp[-i(wt - Kx)] Eq. (1.3b) p y P ST_ y-1LAP T y- x exp[-i(wt - Kx)] Eq. (1.3c)

A human-hearer perceives the oscillating changes of the air static pressure as sound loudness; the air static pressure, absolute temperature, and mass density are measured by the so-called "SPL"(sound pressure level), "STL" (sound temperature level), and "SDL" (sound density level), correspondingly; and the sound loudness is measured also by "SIL" (sound intensity level) or "SWL" sound power level. The SPL is measured in decibels (dB). It is equal to 20 x logio of the ratio of the route mean square (RMS) of sound pressure to the reference of sound pressure that (the reference 2 sound pressure) in the air is 2 x 10-sN/m or 0.0002 Pa, in turn, corresponding to the reference acoustic wave power (the loudness as power) estimated approximately as 10-12W. The characteristic SPL of speakers is defined for the distance of 1m from the speaker.

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Normally, a range of the characteristic SPL for a speaker is between 0 to 80 dB that corresponds to changes in the static pressure in the range from 0.0002 Pa to 2 Pa and 2 changes in the acoustic wave power in the range from 10- W to 10- 4 W. Using the equation Eq. (1.3c), the reference sound temperature in the air is estimated as 5.4 x 10-1 0 K and the range of temperature changes for the speaker is estimated from 5.4 x 10-1 0 K to 5.4 x 10-6K. Sound (acoustic wave) is considered as a complicated movement of a molecular fluid, wherein the complicated movement is composed of: " The Brownian motion of the air molecules with the Brownian velocity, indicated by UBrownian, which interrelates with the velocity of sound Usound as UBrownian

3/y X usond;Usound ~ 345 m/sec andUBrownian ~ 500 m/sec. • The oscillating motion of molecules with so-called "particle velocity", the amplitude of which is indicated by particle and interrelated with the sound loudness; normally, in the air, o near an oscillating membrane which is a source of the sound, the particle velocity amplitude particle is predetermined by the velocity of the oscillating membrane and is between 0.1m/sec and 10 m/sec, while o far from the oscillating membrane, where the sound front becomes substantially widened, the particle velocity amplitude particle is very low: between 5 x 10-8 m/sec and 5 x 10-4 m/sec; wherein the particle velocity relates to the mass of the oscillating air as a whole; note that, considering a local slow flow moving with the particle velocity, a widening of a frontal cross sectional area is accompanied by a decrease in the amplitude of the particle velocity, according to the equation of continuity; • The specific conveying motion that is interrelated with the cascaded oscillating motion of particles moving with the "particle velocity" that [the "particle velocity"], in turn, is interrelated with the acoustic wave amplitude manifested as the sound loudness. The specific conveying motion is a kind of movement, which (in contrast to the oscillating motion of the air as a whole) is interpreted as a directional motion of a tiny portion of fluid mass that [the tiny portion of mass] determines the air mass density oscillating change only. The specific conveying motion can be interpreted as composed of two complementary alternating movements of positive and negative changes of air mass density, wherein both alternating movements are in the same direction (that is the direction of sound propagation) and, when in open space, with the M-velocity of 1 Mach. The so-called Umov-vector is a measure of the specific conveying motion of the tiny portion of the fluid mass. The SPL, characterizing Page 6 of 47 the sound loudness, is interrelated with the so-called: "SVL" (sound particle velocity level). Thus, the oscillating (positive and negative) change in mass density along the direction of the wave propagation (again, which is interrelated with the sound loudness) is considered as the directional motion of the tiny mass, wherein the motion is with the mass density change conveying velocity convey that is the same as the velocity of sound Usound, i.e., when propagating in open space, M-velocity of 1 Mach; and •The concomitant turbulent motion, as dis-laminarity of the mentioned oscillating and conveying components of the complicated movement of air, depends on both the shape of a horn within which the acoustic wave propagates and the acoustic wave amplitude (sound loudness); wherein, in contrast to acoustic waves in open space where the turbulent component of fluid motion, inherently-accompanying the acoustic waves, causes the inevitable dissipation of the propagating acoustic waves manifested as a decrease of sound loudness, the turbulent component of fluid motion within a horn is pre-determined by restricted degrees of freedom, so, the horn, if elaborated, can provide for reduced concomitant turbulence accompanied by increased intensity of sound. In other words, the elaborated horn plays the role of a fluid pusher-off capable of transforming the kinetic power of the concomitant turbulence into the wave power accompanied by increased both the particle velocity amplitude particle and the conveying velocity Uconvey

For the purposes of the present patent application, the term "heat energy in a broad sense" should be understood as the cumulative kinetic energy of both the Brownian motion of the air molecules and the concomitant turbulent motion. When a sound is originated by an oscillating membrane of a classic source of acoustic waves rated by a power supplier, the net-efficiency, defined for the classic source of acoustic waves as the ratio of the power of sound to the supplied power, normally, is between 0.1% and 2%. The mentioned originated concomitant turbulence, originated due to sudden jumping changes of thermodynamic parameters and velocity of adjacent fluid portions, especially, near the edges of the moving membrane, is the dominant reason for: 0 such a low net-efficiency of sound launching and, vice-versa, detection (the introduced term "sound detection" should be understood as registration and/or recording the electric voltage and/or current induced in the electrical circuit due to sound impact); and

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0 that, when the sound is propagating in open space, the sound loudness measured in SPL is further decreasing exponentially with the propagation path increase; wherein the exponential decrease in SPL is stronger for the sound of higher frequencies. I.e., in other words, 98% to 99.9% of the power consumed by a classic source of acoustic waves goes for the kinetic power of the undesired turbulent motion of the ambient fluid. One way to reduce the undesired concomitant turbulence accompanying the originated sound is to reduce the ratio of the amplitude of motion to the area of an oscillating membrane and, thereby, to reduce the contribution of the sudden jumping changes of thermodynamic parameters and velocity of adjacent fluid portions to the concomitant turbulence. For example, it is the commonly used piezo-effect manifested as small deformations of a piezo plate originating an ultrasound. However, taking into account that the power of sound is proportional to squared both amplitude and frequency of oscillation, the way can provide for the audible sound of unpractically ultra-low power and has a practical sense to launch and detect the ultrasound only. There is, therefore, a need in the art for a method and apparatus to provide an improved design of a source and detector of acoustic waves; wherein, in particular, a net-efficiency would be increased by suppression of originated concomitant turbulence in the ambient fluid. The inventor points out that the set of equations Eqs. (1.3a), (1.3b), and (1.3c), described hereinabove in the subparagraph "Sound as Complicated Movement in Molecular Fluid", in fact, says that a sound can be generated by a forced inertialess varying of the temperature of a portion of the ambient fluid, and, as a result, the static pressure and mass density of the fluid portion will become varied as a derivation according to the interrelations Eqs. (1.3a), (1.3b), and (1.3c). I.e., in other words, the mentioned subparagraph says that, hypothetically, it is possible to manipulate the temperature of a portion of fluid such that to result in triggering of the jet-effect manifested as the fluid motion in the form of the propagating acoustic wave. Had one possessed a technique to change the temperature of the ambient fluid potion without inertia and without moving parts, it would become possible to create sound with no creation of the undesired concomitant turbulence and, thereby, to increase the efficiency of a source of sound substantially. On the other hand, had one possessed a technique to detect the temperature changes of the ambient fluid potion without inertia and without moving parts, it would become possible to avoid undesired concomitant turbulence and so to increase the efficiency of a sound detector substantially.

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There is, therefore, a need in the art for a method and apparatus to provide an improved design of a compact source and detector of acoustic waves; wherein, in particular, a net-efficiency would be increased by suppression of originated concomitant turbulence in the ambient fluid.

Thermoelectric Devices A well-known thermoelectric effect is an aspect of claims of the present patent application. Fig. 1 is a prior art schematic illustration of a thermocouple lo.O. The thermocouple 1o.0 is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors: 1o.1 (for instance, Niquel Cromo) and 1o.2 (for instance, Aluminio-Cromo), forming an electrical junction lo.3. When the junction lo.3 is submerged in an ambient fluid having a certain temperature (for instance, the absolute temperature of 573K or 300C), the thermocouple 1o.0 produces a temperature dependent voltage V 1o.4 (for instance, 12.2mV) between the two dissimilar electrical conductors lo.1 and 1o.2. Thus,the thermocouple 1o.0 inertialessly originates a self transformation of the absolute temperature into the electrical voltage V 1o.4. In D12, the author (Karpen), testing several systems providing the thermocouple effect: the voltage self generation solely due to the presence of contacting mutually-repelling materials, points out that there is no any chemical reaction between the phases in contact, i.e. there is no process which would be stopped in the future. At the first glance, a system, comprising the thermocouple 1o.0 and an electrical circuit powered by the induced voltage, seems like a closed system, where one seemingly confusingly-paradoxically observes a local decrease in entropy, i.e. that the charging of the electrical circuit occurs at the expense of own temperature, but not a temperature difference. However, in reality, the system is inherently characterized by the junction lo.3 of mutually-repelling materials contacting with the ambient fluid (i.e. the system is open from the point of view of thermodynamics), and the electric power is acquired at the expense of the ambient heat that is allowed for an open system. Thereby, the system, open from the point of view of thermodynamics, is neither a Perpetuum Mobile of the first kind nor a Perpetuum Mobile of the second kind. The thermocouple is an inherent attribute of a thermoelectric element providing for either Seebeck effect or the Peltier effect, both assuming an amplifying the thermocouple effect accompanied with acquired useful energy when either a temperature gradient between the ends of two dissimilar mutually-repelling electrical conductors is provided to induce an electromotive force (emf) or, vice-versa, forcedly established emf results in temperature separation, correspondingly, as described hereinafter. For the purpose of the present patent application the terms "thermocouple" and "thermoelectric (TE) couple" and are reserved for the thermocouple 1o.0 that, in contrast to a

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TE element 1.0 described hereinafter referring to Fig. 2, provides inertialess interrelation between the absolute temperature of the junction lo.3 [but not a temperature difference] and the temperature-dependent voltage lo.4 (or a derivative current in a closed electric circuit). The term "thermoelectric device" should be understood in a broad sense including (a) an electric heater consuming electric power and radiating Jole heat which (the electric heater) is interpreted as a trivial thermoelectric device wherein the temperature increase due to the Joule heating effect is time-dependent (the longer the time, the higher the temperature), (b) a thermocouple which, in addition to the capability to radiate the Jole heat, is capable of inertialessly-inducing a temperature-dependent voltage bias and so is capable of functioning as a detector of temperature changes, and (c) a thermoelectric (TE) element described hereinbelow referring to Fig. 2, which (the TE element) is further capable of transmitting heat from one side to another side of the device and so is capable of inertialessly-controlling of a temperature difference between the two sides of the device.

Fig. 2, divided into three parts: Case (A) REFRIGERATION MODE, Case (A) TIME CHARACTERISTIC, and Case (B) POWER GENERATION MODE, is a prior art illustration of a THERMOELECTRIC ELEMENT 1.0, called also a thermoelectric (TE) module, and its exemplary time characteristic, where numerals, which have the letter "A", belong to Case (A) and numerals, which have the letter "B", belong to Case (B). The TE module 1.0, as in particular described in D01, comprises a TE element 1.OA or 1.0B, in turn, composed of: 0 an n-type (negative thermopower and electron carriers) 1.1A or 1.1B semiconductor material, and 0 a p-type (positive thermopower and hole carriers) 1.2A or 1.2B semiconductor material, both inter-connected through highly electro-conductive (normally, made from copper) contact pads, on the one hand, 1.3A or 1.3B, and, on the other hand, a pair of pads: 1.41A and 1.42A, or 1.41B and 1.42B. Ceramic buses, on the one hand, 1.7A and 1.7B, or, on the other hand, 15A, and 15.B are usually made of aluminum oxide.

Fig. 2 Case (A) REFRIGERATION MODE illustrates the Peltier effect, which is the basis for many modern-day thermoelectric refrigeration devices, and Fig. 2 Case (B) POWER

GENERATION MODE illustrates the Seebeck effect, which is the basis for TE power generation

Page 10 of 47 devices; both devices are with no moving parts. The refrigeration and power generation, both can be accomplished using the same TE module 1.0.

In Case (A) REFRIGERATION MODE, thermoelectric energy conversion utilizes the heat using the Peltier-Seebeck Thermoelectric Element 1.OA, wherein, due to the Peltier effect, when an electric current, generated by a source 1.6A of direct current (DC) electromotive force (emf), circulates through the Peltier-Seebeck Thermoelectric Element 1.OA where the DC direction is indicated by arrow 1.8A, the temperature difference between the bus ACTIVE COOLING 1.7A and the bus HEAT REJECTOR 1.5A is originated such that the bus ACTIVE COOLING 1.7A becomes colder than the bus HEAT REJECTOR 1.5A and so the ambient heat, first, becomes absorbed on the cold side 1.7A (i.e. on the bus ACTIVE COOLING), then, transferred through (or pumped by) the thermoelectric materials 1.1A and 1.2A to the bus HEAT REJECTOR 1.5A, and, further, rejected at the sink (the bus HEAT REJECTOR) 1.5A. Thereby, the cold side 1.7A providing a refrigeration capability. In other words, the cold side 1.7A, when becoming colder than the ambient fluid, extracts additional heat 1.91 from the ambient fluid and the TE element conveys and contributes the additional heat to the rejected heat 1.92A. In practice, to function efficiently, a powerful ventilator 1.9A is used to provide that the heat, accumulated at the bus HEAT REJECTOR 1.5A, transmitting away from the bus HEAT REJECTOR 1.5A for thermostating the bus HEAT REJECTOR 1.5A and so providing for cooling the bus ACTIVE COOLING making it colder than the ambient fluid. Normally, an airflow made by the powerful ventilator is slower than 10 m/sec. The presence of the ventilator 1.9A reduces the advantage of the absence of moving parts. If, instead of the source 1.6A of DC emf, to use a source of the DC emf of opposite polarity originating a DC in the opposite direction relative to the DC direction 1.8A, the heat transfer becomes in the opposite direction as well.

In Case (B) POWER GENERATION MODE, the thermoelectric energy conversion occurs due to a passive Peltier-Seebeck thermoelectric element 1.0B that utilizes the temperature difference AT between a heat source 1.7B and heat sink 1.5B. Namely, a DC emf is generated due to the Seebeck effect when the passive Peltier-Seebeck thermoelectric element 1.0B utilizes the overabundant heat 1.92B entrapped by a heat source 1.7B (for instance, the heat source is powered by sunlight) while the heat passes through a thermoelectric materials 1.1B and 1.2B, and, further, is dissipated at the heat sink 1.5B being colder than the heat source 1.7B; the DC emf is manifested as a voltage bias induced at the pair of pads 1.41B and 1.42B and applied to an electrical load 1.6B accompanied by DC the direction of which is indicated by arrow 1.8B. If the load resistor 1.6B is replaced with a voltmeter, the circuit functions as a

Page 11of 47 temperature-sensing thermocouple. The advantages of TE solid-state energy conversion are compactness, quietness (no moving parts), and localized heating or cooling. However, speaking stricter, in practice, to function efficiently, a powerful ventilator 1.9B is used to provide that the heat, accumulated at the bus HEAT SINK 1.5B, transmitting away from the bus HEAT SINK 1.5B for thermostating the bus HEAT SINK 1.5B and so making the bus HEAT SOURCE as functioning for absorbing the ambient heat. The presence of ventilator 1.9B reduces the advantage of the absence of moving parts. If to use a source of coldness instead of the heat source 1.7B and to use a cold sink instead of the heat sink 1.5B, the originated DC emf will be manifested as a DC in the opposite direction relative to the DC direction 1.8B. Considering a thermoelectric element, the phenomena of: " the Seebeck effect triggered by the temperature difference resulting in: o the expected heat transfer from a hotter side to a colder side, and o the seemingly-unexpected origination of electric current bringing electric power given free of charge in a certain sense, i.e. at the expense of the ambient heat, and " the Peltier effect triggered by the electric current resulting in: o the expected consumption of electric power, for instance, for Joule heating, and o the seemingly-unexpected decrease in entropy manifested as heat transfer from one side becoming colder to another side becoming hotter, wherein the decrease in entropy is given free of charge in a certain sense, i.e., again, at the expense of the ambient heat, both are the property of thermoelectric materials contacted with the ambient fluid. The basic interrelations between the physical characteristics of the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect are expounded in D02. In particular, the current densityI is directly-proportional to the temperature difference AT between conductive contacts, on the one hand, 1.3A or 1.3B, and, on the one hand, the pads: 1.41A and 1.42A or the pads: 1.41B and 1.42B, correspondingly. Namely, the Seebeck effect generates an electromotive force, leading to the equation: J= a(-AV - SAT) Eq. (1.4a), where: a is the effective electric conductivity of the thermoelectric module as a whole; AV is the voltage bias between the pads 1.41B and 1.42B; AT is the mentioned temperature difference; and S is the Seebeck coefficient, a property of the used material.

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Peltier elements are thermoelectric components capable of pumping heat from one end of the device to the other end based on the direction of current, wherein the originated temperature is interrelated with the current according to the equation Eq. (1.4a) just rewritten as:

AT = (-AV- Eq.(1.4b). S The interrelations Eqs. (1.4a) and (1.4b), both being forms of the Joule law for an electric circuit comprising emf, quantify the phenomena of the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect, correspondingly, in the assumption of a hypothetically ideal contact with the ambient fluid providing for accumulated heat removing away inertialessly, where the value (-SAT) determines the emf of the electric circuit. In the case of the Seebeck effect described by the equation Eq. (1.4a), when the two sides of the TE element are subjected to a forced temperature difference, the heat transfer from the hot side to the cold side accompanied by the origination of the acquired DC emf looks seemingly contradicting to both the Energy Conservation Law and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, if to ignore that the DC emf of the TE element, as an open thermodynamic system, is triggered by the temperature difference and acquired at the expense of the ambient heat, i.e., from the point of view of the forced temperature difference, the DC emf is given free of charge (i.e. at the expense of the ambient heat) or, speaking stricter, is given due to the heat entering via a cold side and removing away from a hot side. In the case of the Peltier effect described by the equation Eq. (1.4b), when the two sides of the TE element are subjected to a forced DC emf, a Joule heat dissipation, in particular, seemingly-confusingly accompanied by the temperature separation and so in the decrease in the entropy of a nearby fluid portion, looks like contradicting to both the Energy Conservation Law and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, if to ignore that the work for the temperature separation around the TE element (which is an open thermodynamic system) is triggered by the electric current and acquired at the expense of the ambient heat, i.e., from the point of view of the forced DC emf, the temperature separation is given free of charge (i.e. at the expense of the ambient heat) or, speaking stricter, is given due to the heat entering via the cold side and removing away from the hot side. The thermoelectric element is neither: a Perpetuum Mobile of the first kind as the energy balance is satisfied when either: o the acquired DC emf is from the ambient heat; it is triggered by the temperature difference, or o the acquired temperature separation is at the expense of the ambient heat; it is triggered by DC emf,

Page 13 of 47 nor Sa Perpetuum Mobile of the second kind when is capable of decreasing the local entropy when either: o the heat transfer is triggered by the temperature difference and accompanied by the acquired DC emf manifested as the origination of the Joule heating effect, or o the acquired temperature separation triggered by the DC emf and accompanied by the work of DC emf manifested as the origination of the Joule heating effect, as it is an open (but not isolated) system as the system inherently contacting with the ambient fluid wherein it is inherently assumed that the heat removing away.

In relation to the time-invariance, the interrelation Eq. (1.4a) between the temperature difference AT as a reason and the current density J as an originated effect as well as the interrelation Eq. (1.4b) between the current density Jas a reason and the temperature difference AT as an originated effect, both are time-invariant, i.e. the equations Eqs. (1.4a) and (1.4b) are equations of state interrelating the temperature difference and the current density at any time moment. In practice, the time-invariance of the equations Eqs. (1.4a) and (1.4b) is restricted by thermo-conductivity and thickness of the used thermo-conductive buses and an inertial ventilator functioning for the heat removing away. The inertial ventilator, in particular, results in another parasitic effect determined by that the temperature difference triggers the inertial heat transfer from the hot side to the cold side through the thermoelectric material that reduces the efficiency of both the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect. The combination of all the effects results in that, in reality, the Peltier effect is manifested not as a suddenly arisen temperature difference AT but as a growing temperature difference gradually reaching the value AT of saturation after a certain time. The lower the inertness of the desired heat removing away, the higher the efficiency of the TE element. Case (A) TIME CHARACTERISTIC comprises a graph 1.80A extracted from D03. The graph 1.80A illustrates a time characteristic of an exemplary single-stage thermoelectric cooler. The exemplary thermoelectric cooler produces a maximal temperature difference of about 51C between its hot and cold sides [Typically, the reachable temperature difference AT, dependent on a value of DC 1.8A and a quality of heat rejector 1.5A, is 70°C]. An issue with performance is a direct consequence of one of their advantages: being small. The TE modules can be constructed ranging in size from approximately 2.5 to 50 mm with square shape and, if using either the so-called direct copper bond technology or the so-called active solder process, 2.5

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5 mm in height, and if using Nano-technologies, 0.5 - 1 mm in height as described, for example, in D04. This means that: • the hot side and the cool side will be very close to each other (a few millimeters away), making it easier for the heat to go back to the cool side, and harder to insulate the hot and cool side from each other; and • a common 40 mm x 40 mm can generate 60 W or more, that is, 4W/cm2 or more, requiring a powerful radiator to move the heat away. The net-efficiency of the TE element depends on used thermoelectric material, a relevant property of which is characterized by the Seebeck coefficient and on the functionality of the powerful ventilator to remove the parasitic heat away from the cold side. From the point of view of the energy: * the Peltier effect and the Seebeck effect, both given free of charge in a certain sense (if to exclude the power consumption by the powerful ventilator) due to a non-zero value a x S, and * the energy consumption, in particular, goes for the parasitic Joule heating occurring due to the limited value a-. In real refrigeration applications, thermoelectric junctions have about 10-15% net-efficiency, because between 85% and 90% of the consumed energy goes to originate the Joule heating effect, which, normally, is unwanted and so the redundant heat must be removed using a ventilator. Due to this low efficiency, thermoelectric cooling is generally used in environments where the solid-state nature (no moving parts), low maintenance, compact size, and orientation insensitivity outweigh pure efficiency. Had one possess a technology to implement and use the Seebeck-Peltier effect without a powerful ventilator, the net-efficiency would depend on the values a and S characterizing the used thermoelectric material only, and a higher net-efficiency as the ratio of the power provided due to the Seebeck-Peltier effect given free of charge in the certain sense to the power consumed to trigger the Seebeck-Peltier. There is, therefore, a need in the art for a method and apparatus, when applied to a system appropriate for use in industry, to provide such an embodiment of the Peltier effect and/or the Seebeck effect that, on the one hand, would not require powerful ventilation and, on the other hand, would provide for a high net-efficiency and explicit relevance of all the mentioned possible advantages. The curve 1.81A shows that the temperature difference AT of 48°C is reached in 240 sec, i.e. the average temperature rate is 0.2 C/sec. However, considering the first 20

Page 15 of 47 seconds, the local temperature rate is 0.25 C/sec which is indicated by the dotted line 1.82A. Further, referring to the mentioned in D04 TE modules made using Nano-technologies, the estimated local temperature rate is 1.25 C/sec which is indicated by the dashed line 1.83A. This, in particular, means that a very small temperature change, for instance, ranged from 5.4 x 10-10 K to 5.4 x 10-6K can be reached for a short time ranged from 4.4 x 10-6sec to 4.4 x 10-10 sec, correspondingly. This estimation takes into account the parasitic inertia due to a normally used ventilator for transmitting the accumulated heat away. Looking ahead, for disclosed systems related to acoustic waves such that there will neither significant temperature differences nor accumulated heat in the disclosed systems, this estimation will be used as a reference for the worst-case estimations with a spare reserve. The fact that a small temperature change can be reached for an extremely short time is one of the primary features that is used in the present patent application. Furthermore, assuming a hypothetic possibility of extra-fast removing the accumulated heat away, the local temperature rate becomes dependent on the used material for the thermoconductive buses .3A and 1.5A in Case (A), and 1.3B and 1.5B in Case (B). For example, the thermoconductivity of aluminum oxide is between 28 and 35 Wm-'K-1, the thermoconductivity of copper is 384.1 Wm-K-1 , and the thermoconductivity of natural diamond is yet higher between 895 and 1350 Wm-'K-1. Referring to the commonly used copper pads .3A and 1.41A and aluminum oxide buses 1.7A and 1.5A, the estimated local temperature rate is about 3 x 104 C/sec, i.e. the buses 1.7A,1.3A, 1.41A, and 1.5A, each of 0.5 mm thickness, are almost inertialess indeed. Looking ahead, this estimation will be a reference for the estimation of applications related to extra-fast cooled surfaces. The possibility to reduce the reaction time of the TE module would allow for a specific use of the TE module to control a local temperature immediately without a significant delay, however, if the necessity of a powerful ventilator is avoided. The present patent application discloses such use of a TE module. An advanced Peltier device comprises a multiplicity of TE elements which are electrically connected by conductive (for instance, copper) bridges in series as shown hereinafter in Figs. 1q and 1r. Ceramic plates, usually made of aluminum oxide, are used to thermally bond the conductive bridges which are electrically separated each from other.

Reference is now made to Fig. 3, divided between two parts: Case (A) and Case (B), illustrating schematically a prior art TE multi-module device 1Q.0 comprising an array of TE elements; wherein the numerals, which have the letter "A", belong to Case (A) and the

Page 16 of 47 numerals, which have the letter "B", belong to Case (B). The TE multi-module device 1Q.0 is built up of an array of the TE elements Q.A or 1Q.0B1, which are arranged electrically in series and thermally in parallel to manifest thermal properties in unison. From the point of view of functioning, the use of TE multi-module device 1Q.0 is considered in two cases: U Case (A) where the TE multi-module device 1Q.OA comprises a source 1Q.6A of DC emf and an in-line cascade of several TE elements 1Q.A [shown three] that, from the electric point of view, are connected into a sequential electrical circuit and, from the constructive point of view, have a common bus of ACTIVE COOLING becoming colder and a common bus of HEAT REJECTOR becoming warmer when the source 1Q.6A of DC emf originates a voltage bias applied to the end pads: 1Q.41A and 1Q.42A, and an electric CURRENT indicated by arrow 1Q.8A; 0 Case (B) where the TE multi-module device 1Q.0B comprises an electrical load 1Q.6B and an in-line cascade of several TE elements 1Q.0B1 [shown three] that, from the electric point of view, are connected into a sequential electrical circuit and, from the constructive point of view, have a common bus of HEAT SOURCE exposed to the overabundant ambient warmth and a common bus of HEAT SINK being colder than the bus of HEAT SOURCE; wherein, as a result, the sequentially connected TE elements 1Q.0B provide for the cumulative electromotive force (emf) manifested as: o a voltage bias induced between the end pads: 1.41B and 1.42B, and applied to the electrical load 1Q.6B, and o an induced electric CURRENT indicated by arrow 1Q.8B.

Fig. 4 is a prior art schematic illustration of an exemplary planar arrangement 1R.OA of a multiplicity of thermoelectric elements (modules) ROA that (the planar arrangement 1R.A) is a quintessential component of a multi-layer TE multi-module device. Again, from the electric point of view, the TE elements 1R.A are connected each to another in a boustrophedon trajectory, thereby, forming a sequential electrical circuit and, from the constructive point of view, the TE elements 1R.OA1 have contacts pads 1R.3A at the cold side and contacts pads 1R.4A at the warm side. There is but not shown both: • a common bus of ACTIVE COOLING above the contacts pads 1R.3A, and • a common bus of HEAT REJECTOR under the contacts pads 1R.4A. When the source 1R.6A of DC emf originates both: • a voltage bias applied to the end pads: 1R.41A and 1R.42A, and • an electric CURRENT indicated by arrow 1R.8A,

Page 17 of 47 the common bus of ACTIVE COOLING (again, that is not shown here) becomes colder and the common bus of HEAT REJECTOR (that is not shown here) becomes warmer.

Reference is now made to Fig. 5, divided between two parts: Case (A) and Case (B), illustrating schematically a prior art multi-layer TE multi-module device 1t.0 comprising a matrix of TE elements aggregated in layers one above another multi-stage repeatedly; wherein the numerals having the letter "A" belong to Case (A) and the numerals having the letter "B" belong to Case (B). The multi-layer TE multi-module device 1t.0 is built up of a matrix of the elements 1t.0A1 or 1t.0B1, which are arranged, on the one hand, electrically in series along a boustrophedon trajectory and, on the other hand, in layers spatially cascaded one above another to cascade manifestations of the thermal properties multi-stage repeatedly in unison. From the point of view of functioning, the use of multi-layer TE multi-module device 1t.0 is considered in two cases: " Case (A) where the multi-layer TE multi-module device 1t.0A comprises a source 1t.6A of DC emf and a matrix of several TE elements 1t.OA1 [shown 9]. When the source 1t.6A of DC emf originates a voltage bias applied to the end pads: 1t.41A and 1t.42A, and an electric CURRENT indicated by arrow 1t.8A, the TE elements 1t.0A1: " from the electric point of view, are connected into a sequential electrical circuit along a boustrophedon trajectory, and, " from the constructive point of view, have common EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ACTIVE COOLING BUSES becoming colder and common EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL HEAT REJECTION BUSES becoming warmer, wherein the common INTERNAL ACTIVE COOLING BUSES and the common INTERNAL HEAT REJECTION BUSES are arranged adjacently, thereby, in the final analysis, to transmit the warmth from the common EXTERNAL ACTIVE COOLING BUSto the common EXTERNAL HEAT REJECTION BUS; and " Case (B) where the multi-layer TE multi-module device 1t.0B comprises an electrical load 1t.6B and a matrix of several TE elements 1t.0B1 [shown 9]. From the electric point of view, the TE elements 1t.0B1 are connected into a sequential electrical circuit along a boustrophedon trajectory. From the constructive point of view, the TE elements 1t.0B1 have: o a common EXTERNAL HEAT SOURCE BUSexposed to the overabundant ambient warmth, o adjacently arranged INTERNAL HEAT SINK BUSES and INTERNAL HEAT SOURCE BUSES, and

Page 18 of 47 o a common EXTERNAL HEAT SINK Bus being colder than the common EXTERNAL HEAT SOURCE Bus. As a result, the multi-layer matrix 1t.0B of TE elements 1t.0B1 provides for the cumulative electromotive force (emf) manifested as: o a voltage bias induced between the end pads: 1t.41B and 1t.42B, and applied to the electrical load 1t.6B, and o an induced electric CURRENT indicated by arrow 1.8B.

As a sound propagating in the fluid is accompanied by oscillating changes: 6P, 6p, and 6T, of thermodynamic parameters: the static pressure, mass density, and absolute temperature, correspondingly, of the fluid portions wherein the interrelation between the changes is inertialess, a controller of a source of the sound should be if not inertialess then at least almost inertialess to provide the desired frequency of oscillating changes. A thermoelectric device: either a thermocouple or a thermoelectric (TE) element, but rather than an electric heater, provides the desired requirement. For instance: U in prior art document A04, a speaker based on the Joule heating effect is suggested; however, as the heating does not provide cooling in the direct sense, disadvantages of the use of an electric heater capable of varying heating at least are that the device is subjected to permanent heating, thereby, unwantedly changing the reference temperature value and unjustifiably exceeding consumption of the electric power, U in prior art document A05, a Peltier element is used for sound or ultrasound generation, again, as the Peltier element operation is accompanied by the unwanted Joule heating effect, the device is subjected to permanent heating, thereby, unwantedly changing the reference temperature value and unjustifiably exceeding consumption of the electric power. Thereby, a device, which would combine all the Joule heating effect, the Peltier effect, and the Seebeck effect as to control a laminarity of fluid flow within a boundary layer near a curved surface as well as to boost a sound or ultrasound at the expense of ambient heat, were not disclosed; 0 in prior art document A06, a suppressor comprising a pair of devices: a (classic) microphone plus an electric heater, is suggested, wherein neither a device based on the Peltier effect nor a device based on the Seebeck effect to use at least partially the ambient heat is disclosed for the purpose; moreover, the used two devices: microphone and electric heater, can be located near each other but not at the same

Page 19 of 47 place that would be preferred for the claimed purpose, and alike, the Joule heating effect requires changing the reference temperature value; and 0 in prior art document A07, an improved controller of hot and cold sides is suggested, wherein the improvement is achieved due to improvement of a heat-transfer within a thermoelectric element, however, a method for efficient removing of the unwantedly accumulated heat was not disclosed. Thus, the prior art documents A04, A05, A06, and A07, on the one hand, confirm the possibility of the use of thermoelectric devices to control the thermodynamic parameters of a portion of the ambient fluid, and, on the other hand, do not disclose further features that reduce the mentioned disadvantages and/or provide additional useful properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Unity and novelty of the invention The unity and novelty of the invention are in a method and modified aerodynamic apparatuses: fluid pushers-off and/or fluid motion-sensors, which are geometrically shaped and supplied with built-in thermoelectric devices having sensor-controllers; wherein the thermoelectric devices are controlled by the sensor-controllers to provide for the spatial distribution of the temperature-dependent static pressure in ambient fluid around the modified aerodynamic apparatuses to result in pulling-in and/or pushing-off and/or motion detection of a portion of the ambient fluid; wherein the presence of the controlled thermoelectric devices provides for improved and new functional properties of the fluid pushers-off and fluid motion sensors.

Primary basic features of the present invention The claims define the invention. One of the primary features of the present invention is a method for: 0 extra-fast removing of accumulated heat from a space adjacent to a thermoelectric device without a powerful ventilator but using the effect of power transmission by propagating acoustic waves, 0 using thermoelectric elements, inertialess manipulation of the temperature difference between components of the modified aerodynamic apparatus - the fluid pusher-off; U using thermoelectric elements, inertialess detection of a temperature difference between portions of ambient fluid moving adjacent to the modified aerodynamic apparatus - the fluid motion-sensor; and

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0 providing the improved and new functional properties of the modified aerodynamic apparatuses such that the modified aerodynamic apparatuses supplied with thermoelectric elements becoming functioning either as: • a highly-efficient source of acoustic waves (a fluid pusher-off as a motionless loudspeaker), " a highly-efficient detector of acoustic waves (a fluid motion-sensor as a motionless microphone), " a wireless charger based on ultrasound.

Principal objects Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to overcome the limitations of existing methods and apparatuses for controlling the operation of aerodynamic devices such as loudspeakers, and detectors of acoustic waves, both of a highly-efficient functionality.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To understand the invention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way of a non-limiting example only, referring to the accompanying drawings, in the drawings: U Of prior arts: Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of a thermocouple; Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of a thermoelectric element; Fig. 3 is a schematic drawing of a thermoelectric multi-module device; Fig. 4 is an exemplary planar arrangement of thermoelectric elements; Fig. 5 is a schematic drawing of a thermoelectric multi-module device; and U Of embodiments, constructed according to the principles of the present invention: Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an elemental source and detector of sound; Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a matrix of elemental sources and detectors of sound; Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a multi-module thermoelectric device; Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a two-stage sound amplifier; and Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of a communication system.

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All the above and other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be further understood through the following illustrative and non-limitative description of preferred embodiments thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The principles and operation of a method and an apparatus according to the present invention may be better understood referring to the drawings and the accompanying description, it being understood that these drawings are given for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be limiting. Preface The jet-effect occurring in moving fluid can be manifested as: the waving jet-effect resulting in both: o acoustic wave (audible sound or ultrasound) origination, and o conveying of a tiny portion of fluid transmitting wave energy away along the direction of the acoustic wave propagation; when a portion of the fluid is subjected to oscillating change in static pressure; wherein these are manifestations of the waving jet-effect defined as an effect of transformation of the heat power into the kinetic power of motion of a tiny portion of fluid and, vice-versa, an effect of transformation of the kinetic power of motion of the tiny portion of fluid motion into the heat power. Further, the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS is divided between two paragraphs: "Conceptual Idea" and "Embodiments", each having sub paragraphs.

Conceptual Idea Prerequisites: 0 On the one hand, an inertialess controller is required; namely, in general, as a fluid flow acceleration is accompanied by varying thermodynamic parameters of portions of the fluid wherein the interrelation between the varying thermodynamic parameters is inertialess, control of the fluid flow should be if not inertialess then at least almost inertialess to provide the desired control of the thermodynamic parameters efficiently; and, in particular, • as a sound propagating in the fluid is accompanied by oscillating changes: 6P, 6p, and 6T, of thermodynamic parameters: the static pressure, mass density, and absolute temperature, correspondingly, of the fluid portions wherein the interrelation between the

Page 22 of 47 changes is inertialess, a controller of a source of the sound should be if not inertialess then at least almost inertialess to provide the desired frequency of oscillating changes; and 0 On the other hand, an almost inertialess thermoelectric device having no moving parts can be used; namely, considering a thermoelectric (TE) device based on the Peltier effect, the almost inertialess interrelation between the current density I and the temperature difference AT, at least when removing the accumulated heat away is extra-fast and/or when the desired temperature difference AT is extremely small, makes using the TE device (optionally made using Nano-technologies from a thermoelectric material of high quality) promising, in general, to control the changes of the thermodynamic parameters of the moving fluid, and, in particular, to: create, detect, and suppress the acoustic waves; wherein, as the TE device does not have moving parts, the using of the TE device allows creating the acoustic waves without the creation of undesired turbulence, and thereby, to launch and detect the acoustic waves (sound or ultrasound) much more efficiently than using classical speakers and microphones, correspondingly, which are supplied with a moving membrane.

Essence Of Concept Thus, the conceptual idea of the present invention is in the use of a thermoelectric device to: • create the oscillating changes: SP, Sp, and ST, of thermodynamic parameters: the static pressure, mass density, and absolute temperature, correspondingly, of a portion of the fluid, to pull-in and push-off the fluid portion, and, thereby, to create acoustic waves much more efficiently than using a standard speaker having a moving membrane; and, vice-versa, and " detect and/or suppress the oscillating changes: SP, Sp, and ST, of thermodynamic parameters: the static pressure, mass density, and absolute temperature, correspondingly, of a portion of the fluid, and thereby to detect and/or suppress the acoustic waves much more efficiently than using a standard microphone having a moving membrane. The conceptual idea, being one of the primary features of the present invention, lies in the basis of the disclosed method and aerodynamic apparatuses (fluid pushers-off and fluid motion-sensors) for the creation and controlling for the creation and detection of sound.

Embodiments Elemental TE Device As Source Of Sound

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Fig. 6 composed of there parts: Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE, Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE, and Case (C) GENERAL MODE, is a schematic illustration of an elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0, capable of functioning in three controllable modes: "A", to originate temperature difference between two buses 5P.7A and 5P.5A using the Peltier effect and, "B", vice versa, to detect the temperature difference between two buses 5P.7B and 5P.5B using the Seebeck effect, as well as "C" assuming simultaneous functioning of the modes "A" and "B". Thus, in contrast to the standard use of a TE element, it is assumed to use the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0 operating in the mode: "C", which provides for improving in net-efficiency as described hereinbelow referring to Fig. 6 Case (C) GENERAL MODE. All the modes assume excluding the necessity of a normally-used ventilator. The mode "A" is a case of forced controlling the temperature and thereby the static pressure of a portion of the ambient fluid, wherein the changes in temperature and static pressure are mutually-interrelated according to the equations Eq. (1.1b) and Eq. (1.3c). The mode of forced-varying temperature assumes that the varying of the temperature and thereby the static pressure of the portion of the ambient fluid is periodically alternating, i.e. increasing and decreasing the static pressure that, in turn, indicates to generating an elastic (acoustic) wave propagating in the ambient fluid. The mode "A" is concretized as Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE. The feature is that the acoustic wave permanently transmits the wave energy away from the source in the direction of the Umov-vector collinear with the direction of the acoustic wave propagation. Thus, the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0 operating in the mode "A" becomes interpreted as an aerodynamic apparatus - a fluid pusher-off, which is pulling-in and pushing-off a portion of the fluid and, thereby, is capable of triggering the conveying motion of a tiny portion of the ambient fluid (the conveying motion associated with the acoustic wave propagation), wherein the necessity of a powerful ventilator is excluded. The mode "B" is a case of detecting the periodically alternating temperature changes of a portion of the ambient fluid. Again, the varying static pressure of the portion of the ambient fluid is interpreted as an indication of the presence of an elastic wave. So, the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0 operating in the mode "B" becomes interpreted as an aerodynamic apparatus - a fluid motion-sensor, and the mode "B" is concretized as Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE.

Thus, the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0, called an ELEMENTAL SOURCE AND

DETECTOR OF SOUND, constructed according to the principles of the present invention, is an aerodynamic apparatus: a fluid pusher-off and/or a fluid motion-sensor, capable of operation in the two modes: Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE and Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE, as Page 24 of 47 either an ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA or an ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0B, correspondingly. Moreover, in Case (C) GENERAL MODE, the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0 is capable of operation in both mentioned modes simultaneously. From the point of view of construction, the two cases: Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE and Case (B)SOUND DETECTION MODE, differ as follows: " In the Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE, an ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA comprises a TE element 5P.A supplied with an individual controller 5P.8A connected between the connection points 5P.61A and 5P.62A and comprising an integrated circuit (IC) 5P.81A and a manipulatable source of emf 5P.82A, wherein two opposite sides of the TE element 5P.A comprise, on the one side, an ACTIVE COOLING AND HEATING BUS 5P.7A and, on the other side, a HEAT AND COLDNESS REJECTION BUS5P.5A, both merged in the ambient fluid and wherein the manipulations in the polarity of the source of emf 5P.82A are periodically oscillating such that the originated oscillating temperature differences between the two opposite sides interrelated with whereby originated oscillating pressure differences are regarded as indicators of the presence of an acoustic wave. Thus, the two opposite sides of the TE element 5P.A are sides of sound exit, wherein the launched acoustic waves are propagating and so transmitting the heat energy away from the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.A as the wave energy, and hence preventing the heat accumulation near the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA; and " In the Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE, an ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0B comprises a TE element 5P.B supplied with an individual controller-sensor IC DETECTOR 5P.8B comprising an integrated circuit (IC) and a detector of an induced varying electric current [for instance, alternating current (AC)] originated by the TE element 5P.B when a HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7Bis exposed to ambient fluid and subjected to impacting acoustic wave characterized by varying heating and cooling of a tiny portion of the ambient fluid adjacent the HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7B, wherein the varying heating and cooling are manifested as periodically oscillating pressure and temperature. Thus, the side of the HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7Bis a side of the sound entrance; wherein, as the acoustic wave prevents the heat accumulation near the ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.OB, one does not need in forcible thermostating the ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.OB;

The inventor points out, again, that, the thermoelectric elements: 5P.A and 5P.B, as well as the thermoelectric elements 1.0 (1.A and 1.0B) described hereinabove in THE BACKGROUND

Page 25 of 47

OF THE INVENTION referring to Fig. 2, are characterized by the time-invariant interrelation between the current density j and the temperature difference AT. On the other hand, the time invariance allows implementing the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices 5P.: an ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.A, ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0B, and an elemental acoustic TE device 5P.OC operating in general mode, such that: 0 in the Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE, the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA functioning in the SOUND LAUNCHING MODE differs from TE element 1.A (Fig. 2 Case (A) REFRIGERATION MODE) functioning in the REFRIGERATION MODE and normally supplied with the ventilator 1.9A by that the source 1.6A of DC emf and the ventilator 1.9A, altogether are now replaced by an individual controller 5P.8A having the integrated circuit IC 5P.81A and the manipulatable source of emf 5P.82A controlled by the integrated circuit IC 5P.81A such that the manipulatable source of emf 5P.82A is capable of generating an alternating emf of a frequency f in the range of frequencies of the audible sound and ultrasound, i.e. from 20 Hz and lower to 20 kHz and higher; wherein, optionally, the individual controller 5P.8A can be implemented as a block 5P.80A of an electric scheme supplied by a transformer which, exemplary and without loss of generality, is shown as as a bias tee 5P.86A composed of a capacitor and inductive component, fitted to the alternating current and voltage. The transformer, in particular, implemented as bias tee 5P.86A, " on the one hand, is connected to the metallic electrical contact pads 5P.41A and 5P.42A of an n-type (negative thermopower and electron carriers) semiconductor material 5P.1A and of a p-type (positive thermopower and hole carriers) semiconductor material 5P.2A, correspondingly, and " on the other hand, is connected to the generator of alternating current and voltage 5P.820A, which is manipulatable by an individual integrated circuit IC 5P.810A, to separate the AC generated by the generator 5P.820A and the varying electric current, in general, AC+DC, induced in the circuit of the TE element 5P.A (the DC component can become induced because of possibly-asymmetry of the elemental TE device 5P.0A); wherein, referring to exemplary TE modules, made using Nano-technologies, characterized by the estimated local temperature rate is 1.25 C/sec the estimated local temperature rate is 1.25 C/sec as described hereinabove in THE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION referring to Fig. 2 Case (A) TIME CHARACTERISTIC and citing D04, the estimations of reachable SPL for audible sound are as follows:

Page 26 of 47 e when 20 Hz sound is required, half of the time-period allowing for the temperature oscillation is 0.5 x T20Hz = 0.025 sec and the reachable amplitude of the temperature difference is approximately 0.03K that corresponds to SPL=SDL=STL level of 155 dB; * when 20 kHz sound is required, half of the time-period allowing for the temperature oscillation is 0.5 x T20kHz = 2.5 x 10-s sec and the reachable amplitude of the temperature difference is, approximately, 3 x 10-s K that corresponds to SPL=SDL=STL level of 95 dB; The investor points out that the estimation is the worst-case estimation made with a spare reserve because the generated sound transmits the heat and coolness away with the velocity of sound in the ambient fluid, i.e., on the one hand, one does not need to use a ventilator for the heat removing (note, the gusty-choppy operating ventilator would not allow to generate so precise temperature differences), and, on the other hand, the not accumulated heat provides for desired inertialess of the thermoelectric element functioning. In other words, the SPL, much higher than the worst-case estimated 95 dB, is reachable. Thus, in any case, the reachable SPL is much higher than the usually used SPL between 0 to 80 dB, and so the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA is capable to launch acoustic waves as audible sound 5P.91A and 5P.92A, launched from the ACTIVE COOLING AND HEATING BUS5P.A and the HEAT AND COLDNESS REJECTION BUS 5P.5A, correspondingly, wherein the launched acoustic waves 5P.92A differ from the launches acoustic waves 5P.91A in phase on 1800. It further will be evident for a commonly educated person that the alternating current generated by the generator 5P.820A results in the origination and radiation of an electromagnetic wave characterized by the frequency f of the current alternation; U in the Case (B)SOUND DETECTION MODE, the ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0B functioning in the SOUND DETECTION MODE differs from TE element 1.0B functioning in the POWER GENERATION MODE and normally supplied with the ventilator 1.9Bby that the load 1.6B (Fig. 2 Case (B)POWER GENERATION MODE) and the ventilator 1.9B, altogether are now replaced by an individual integrated circuit sensor-controller IC DETECTOR 5P.81 capable of detection AC originated by acoustic wave 5P.91B impacting the HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7Bwhich, as a result, becomes subjected to alternating heating and cooling accompanying by the origination of alternating electric current. Again, optionally, the connection of the individual integrated circuit IC DETECTOR 5P.8B to the TE

Page 27 of 47 element 5P.B can be implemented using a transformer, which, exemplary and without loss of generality, is shown as a bias tee 5P.86B fitted to the induced alternating electric current and voltage wherein the transformer (bias tee) 5P.86B: • on the one hand, is connected to the metallic electrical contact pads 5P.41B and 5P.42B of an n-type (negative thermopower and electron carriers) semiconductor material 5P.1B and a p-type (positive thermopower and hole carriers) semiconductor material 5P.2B, correspondingly, and " on the other hand, is connected to the individual integrated circuit IC DETECTOR 5P.810B, to separate the AC+DC generated by the TE element 5P.B and the AC induced in the individual integrated circuit IC DETECTOR 5P.80B. It further will be evident for a commonly educated person that the induced alternating electric current originated in the thermoelectric element 5P.B, on the one hand, can be registered and/or recorded by any classic method, and on the other hand, results in the origination and radiation of an electromagnetic wave characterized by the frequency f of the induced current alternation that, in turn, can be detected using an RF receiving antenna; and U in Case (C) GENERAL MODE, the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0 having a TE element 5P.C, now operating in the general mode as device 5P.OC, is capable of operation in both mentioned modes: SOUND LAUNCHING MODE and SOUND DETECTION MODE, and control AC and DC simultaneously. For this purpose, the integrated circuit 5P.8C comprises the transformer (bias tee) 5P.86C separating AC and DC, such that the AC is generated or detected by the integrated circuit IC 5P.82C comprising both generator and detector of alternating current, while DC is controlled by the integrated circuit IC 5P.9C such that • the Peltier-DC current 5P.98C is controllably generated by the emf 5P.92C manipulated by the integrated circuit IC-PELTIER 5P.93C, and • the Seebeck-DC current 5P.94C is controllably charging the chargeable emf 5P.95C (for example, a capacitor) controlled by the integrated circuit IC-SEEBECK 5P.96C; wherein the Peltier-DC 5P.98C and the Seebeck-DC current 5P.94C are filtered using a set of diodes 5P.97C. In practice, the fluid pusher-off has two opposite sides: face (first) 5P.7C and back (second) 5P.5C, which are not symmetrical from the point of view of the mechanic, temperature, and electric aspects. Normally, the accompanying Joule heating

Page 28 of 47 effect is not completely symmetrical heats the two opposite sides: face and back, because of different reasons, for instance, not identical electric impedance and not identical boundary conditions from the point of view of ambient temperature and heat removing. For the sake of concretization and without loss of generalization, consider the face side 5P.7C being colder than the backside 5P.5C. To compensate for the undesired asymmetry of the opposite sides of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0, the Peltier effect is triggered in two styles: alternating and constant, wherein the constant Peltier-DC 5P.98C allows compensating the asymmetry of the Joule heating and/or the undesired Joule heating effect at the face side. As well, in Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE, as the primarily-desired function of the Case (C) GENERAL MODE, the Seebeck effect may have two components: varying, manifested as an alternating current (AC), and direct, manifested as the Seebeck-DC 5P.94C. The Seebeck-DC 5P.94C can be used for charging a chargeable battery 5P.95C or can be compensated by controllably-triggering the Peltier effect. Moreover, as the net-efficiency of the thermoelectric junctions (usually, about 15%) is partially determined by the undesired back thermoelectric effect which is either the Seebeck effect when the Peltier effect is primarily-desired or the Peltier effect when the Seebeck effect is primarily-desired, a sensor-controller including integrated circuits 5P.82C, 5P.93C, 5P.96C, and the set of diodes 5P.97C is used to make the back thermoelectric effect useful by separating the Peltier-DC and Seebeck-DC thereby providing for increasing the useful net-efficiency, as a charge acquired by the chargeable emf 5P.95C can be used. It will be evident for a commonly educated person that a capacitor and an inductive component of bias tee 5P.86C can be controlled to vary proportion between the alternating and unidirectional components of the electric current. In particular, when the bias tee is characterized by extremely small capacity and inductivity, both electric currents: the Peltier-DC and the Seebeck-DC, are not constant but varying, wherein each of the electric currents remains either positive or negative. As well, it will be evident for a commonly educated person that the directivity of diodes 5P.97C can be controllably-manipulatable and the integrated circuits IC-Seebeck 5P.95C and IC-Peltier 5P.952 can play the inversed role such that to redirect the Peltier-DC and Seebeck-DC.

As a consequence, from the point of view of functioning, the three cases: (A), (B), and (C), differ as follows:

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" In Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE, an ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA is capable of operation in a SOUND LAUNCHING MODE providing for audible sound and ultrasound launching; and, vice-versa, " In Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE, an ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0B is capable of functioning in a SOUND DETECTION MODE providing for audible sound and ultrasound detection; and " In Case (C) GENERAL MODE, the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.OC, is capable of functioning in both the SOUND LAUNCHING MODE and the SOUND DETECTION MODE simultaneously, thereby, allowing for a style providing for a higher net-efficiency of the operation. In view of the foregoing description referring to Fig. 6, it will be evident for a commonly educated person that: 0 In Relation To Accompanying Electro-Magnetic Waves, " When operating in the sound launching mode, the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.OA radiates electromagnetic waves of the same frequency as the frequency of the launched acoustic waves; in other words, the metallic electrical contact pad 5P.3A of the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.A operates as a transmitting antenna of electromagneticwaves, " If the ELEMENTAL SOURCE AND DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0 is exposed to an electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency in the range between 20 Hz and 20 kHz (or higher), then the metallic electrical contact pad 5P.3A, as a receiving antenna detecting the electromagnetic wave, plays the role of the generator of alternating electric current or voltage 5P.820A providing the emf resulting in the generation of an acoustic wave (audible or ultrasound) of the same certain frequency; and e If the ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.0 Bis exposed to an acoustic wave of a certain frequency, the metallic electrical contact pad 5P.3B radiates an electromagnetic wave of the same certain frequency and so plays the role of a transmitting antenna allowing to detect the presence of sound using a sensor of electromagnetic waves wirelessly; U In Relation To The Reversibility Of The ELEMENTAL SOURCE AND DETECTOR OF SOUND, If the manipulatable source of emf 5P.82A is shunted and the integrated circuit IC 5P.81A provides for the functionality of the individual integrated circuit IC DETECTOR 5P.8B, the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OF SOUND 5P.A can be adapted to function as the

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ELEMENTAL DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.B in the Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE. This allows using the TE element 5P.A for operation as both: • a source of sound when functioning in the sound launching mode, and • a detector of sound when functioning in the sound detection mode; and U In Relation To Phase-Inverter, In the detection mode, the opposite sides HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7B and HEAT AND COLD SINK BUS 5P.5B, both become heated and cooled alternatingly with the frequency f equal to the frequency of the impacting sound, wherein the phase of the temperature changes adjacent to the HEAT AND COLD SINK BUS 5P.5B differs from the phase of the temperature changes adjacent the HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7B on 1800. This, in particular, means that the TE element 5P.B functions as a phase inverter which receives the acoustic wave 5P.91B impacting the HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS 5P.7B that plays the role of the sound entrance side and launches the acoustic wave 5P.92B propagating away from the HEAT AND COLD SINK BUS 5P.5B that plays the role of the sound exit side, wherein the phase of the launched acoustic wave 5P.92B differs from the phase of the received acoustic wave 5P.91B on 1800. It will be evident for a commonly educated person, that if now the individual integrated circuit IC DETECTOR 5P.8B is supplied by an amplifier providing for increasing an induced electric current, the TE element 5P.B becomes capable of functioning as an amplifier of acoustic waves which receives the acoustic wave 5P.91B impacting the HEAT AND COLDNESS SOURCE BUS5P.7B and launches the amplified acoustic wave 5P.92B propagating away from the HEAT AND COLD SINK BUS 5P.5B, wherein the phase of the launched acoustic wave 5P.92B differs from the phase of the received acoustic wave 5P.91B on 1800.

Multi-Module Matrix Device

Fig. 7, composed of two parts: (A) and (B), is a schematic illustration of components of a multi-module thermoelectric device. The inventor points out, that, taking into account the foregoing description of THE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION referring to Figs. 1c and 1d, it will be evident for a commonly educated person that a MULTI-MODULE SOURCE AND DETECTOR OF SOUND is feasible by aggregating a multiplicity of the ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5P.OA and ELEMENTAL DETECTORS OF SOUND 5P.OB such that the ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5P.OA and ELEMENTAL

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DETECTORS OF SOUND 5P.0B are connected into a sequential electric scheme and arranged to create and detect, correspondingly, the changes of the thermodynamic parameters of the ambient fluid in unison.

In view of the foregoing description of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices 5P.0, capable of functioning in two controllable modes: "A", to originate temperature difference between two buses 5P.7A and 5P.5A using the Peltier effect and, "B", vice versa, to detect the temperature difference between two buses 5P.7B and 5P.5B using the Seebeck effect, as well as "C" (GENERAL MODE) assuming a simultaneoususe of the Peltier effect and the Seebeck effect, both as useful effects, it will be evident to a commonly educated person that the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device 5P.0 can be utilized as a combined both a microphone and speaker being placed at the same location and functioning simultaneously. This advantage over a prior art device for sound or ultrasound generation of A05 provides additional degrees of freedom to implement useful, compact, and efficient devices.

Moreover, an arrangement of the ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5P.A and ELEMENTAL

DETECTORS OF SOUND 5P.0Bas well as the devices 5P.OC operating in GENERAL MODE can be more sophisticated.

Fig. 7 (A) is a schematic isometry illustration of a fragment of planar arrangement 5Q.MATRIX of elemental thermoelectric elements 5Q.01, arranged in a plane (X, Y) in a system of coordinates (X, Y, Z) 5Q.0 and electrically mutually isolated.

Fig. 7 (B) is a schematic illustration of a cross-sectional cut of a multi-module thermoelectric device 5Q.DEVICE, called MATRIX SOURCE AND/OR DETECTOR OF SOUND, constructed according to the principles of the present invention.

The device MATRIX SOURCE AND/OR DETECTOR OF SOUND Q.DEVICE is composed of a multiplicity of N = N, x NY elemental TE devices 5Q.02, where N, and NY are numbers of the TE devices 5Q.02 arranged along the axes X and Y, correspondingly. Each of the N elemental TE devices 5Q.02 is similar to the elemental TE device 5P.0 functioning as an ELEMENTAL SOURCE AND/OR DETECTOR OF SOUND as described hereinabove in the subparagraph "In Relation To Phase-Inverter" referring to Fig. 6. The N, x NY elemental TE devices 5Q.02 are arranged in a plane (X, Y) in a system of coordinates (X, Y, Z) 5Q.0, electrically mutually isolated, and have individual thermo-conductive buses, i.e. each of the N, x NY elemental TE devices 5Q.02 has individual both controller 5Q.08 and thermo-conductive bus 5Q.05 to be

Page 32 of 47 controlled individually. Each of the controllers 5Q.08 comprises an individual integrated circuit IC 5Q.81, a manipulatable source of emf (for instance, a generator of alternating electric current and voltage) 5Q.82, anda transformer (bias tee) which is built-in in IC 5Q.81 and not shown here separately but described hereinabove referring to Fig. 6. For the sake of simplicity of the schematic illustration: • An arrangement along the axis X is shown only; and • Points 5Q.03 symbolize that each of the numbers N, and NY can be much greater than shown.

Wherein: • Each of the NX x NY elemental TE devices 5Q.02 is the ELEMENTAL SOURCE OR DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.A or 5P.0Bor 5P.C described hereinabove with the reference to Fig. 6 Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE or Fig. 6 Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE or Fig. 6 Case (C) GENERAL MODE, correspondingly; and • Each of the NX x NY individual integrated circuits IC 5Q.81, is individually controlled

by a common controller-dispatcher 5Q.04.

In the launching mode, elemental acoustic waves, launched by the individually controlled NX x Ny ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5Q.02 of the device MATRIX SOURCE AND/OR DETECTOR

OF SOUND Q.DEVICE can differ in amplitude, phase, frequency, and delay, all controlled by the common controller-dispatcher 5Q.04. Thereby, the desired spatial interference map associated with the resulting acoustic wave composed of the elemental acoustic waves is feasible. Namely, a well-known technique "phased array" can be applied to the elemental acoustic waves when using the matrix of the multiplicity of NxN, XNY ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5Q.02. In contrast to the prior art device for sound or ultrasound generation of A05, the multi module thermoelectric device 5Q.DEVICE, each of the individual TE devices 5Q.02 of which is capable of functioning in three modes: launching elastic waves, detecting temperature changes, and in general mode allowing for creation and detection of temperature changes simultaneously, is characterized by a degree of freedom to apply the phased array principle providing for additional specific properties of the multi-module thermoelectric device 5Q.DEVICE, one of which is in control of spatial and temporal distributions of thermodynamic parameters of the ambient fluid portions adjacent to the individual thermo-conductive buses 5Q.05. Another useful property of the device MATRIX SOURCE AND/OR DETECTOR OF SOUND 5Q.DEVICE is that the loudness of the resulting launched sound can be controlled by the

Page 33 of 47 quantity of operating ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5Q.02. In practice, the device MATRIX

SOURCE AND/OR DETECTORS OF SOUND 5Q.DEVICE comprising the big number Nxx NY of ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5Q.02 provides for a big number of degrees of freedom for manipulation with characteristics of the elemental acoustic waves to create the desired waveform of the resulting launched acoustic wave. The big number of degrees of freedom allows for the coding, directing, and focusing of the resulting launched acoustic wave, wherein the device MATRIX SOURCE AND/OR DETECTORS OF SOUND Q.DEVICE remains relatively compact as not requiring big horns and is efficient comparing with classic speakers as not having moving components and so not originating concomitant turbulence.

In the detection mode, the NX x Ny ELEMENTAL DETECTORS OF SOUND 5Q.02 of the device MATRIX SOURCE AND/OR DETECTOR OF SOUND 5Q.DEVICE are capable to detect a reached beam of elemental acoustic waves and release NX x NY associated elemental electrical signals and the common controller-dispatcher 5Q.04 is capable to superpose the released NX x NY elemental electrical signals. If the beam brings coded information due to that the NX x NY elemental acoustic waves differ in amplitude and/or phase and/or frequency and/or delay, then the N x N y ELEMENTAL DETECTORS OF SOUND 5Q.02 release NX x NY different associated elemental electrical signals. Further, using the common controller-dispatcher 5Q.04 capable to superpose the released N x NY elemental electrical signals using a decoding algorithm, a decoding of the coded information becomes feasible.

In view of the foregoing description referring to Fig. 6 and Figs. 2b (A) and (B) in combination with Fig. 1d, it will be evident for a commonly educated person that a three dimensional matrix of a multiplicity of N x NY x Nz elemental TE devices 5Q.02, where Nz is the number of the ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5Q.01 arranged along the axis Z in a manner shown in Fig. 1d, can be implemented to increase the reachable amplitude of the oscillating temperature difference 6T using a smaller amplitude of the oscillating current density I when the elemental TE devices 5Q.02 function to launch acoustic waves.

Diversity Of Uses For Multi-Module Matrix Devices Thus, when the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices 5P.0 are aggregated into a matrix thereby forming the matrix device 5Q.DEVICE, it becomes possible a broad diversity of uses such as an acoustic wave phase inverter or optimal detector of sound, a sound amplifier, and a

Page 34 of 47 phased array acoustic wireless charger, each of which will be described hereinbelow referring to Figs. 5r, 5s, and 5t, correspondingly.

Detector Of Sound

Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a multi-module thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE, comprising a matrix of a multiplicity of N ELEMENTAL DETECTORS OF SOUND 5R.02, each of which comprises an individual integrated circuit controller as described hereinbefore referring to Fig. 6, and a common controller-dispatcher 5R.04 capable to control the N ELEMENTAL DETECTORS

OF SOUND 5R.02 individually by amplifying, and/or delays, and/or phase-shifting, and/or summing the associated induced individual electric currents. The multi-module thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE has an overall shape of a plate having two sides: the sound entrance side 5R.71 and the sound exit side 5R.72. When the sound entrance side 5R.71 is exposed to an acoustic beam 5R.1.INPUT, a secondary acoustic wave 5R.2.OUTPUT is radiated from the sound exit side 5R.72 due to the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect as a contribution to the resulting acoustic beam 5R.4.OUTPUT, as described hereinabove in the subparagraph "In Relation To Phase-Inverter" referring to Fig. 6 considering an alone ELEMENTAL SOURCE AND

DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.. The two acoustic beams: 5R.1INPUT and the secondary acoustic wave 5R.2.OUTPUT, are marked by opposite signs: "+" and "-", correspondingly, symbolizing the 1800 phase-difference between the fronts of the two acoustic beams: 5R.1INPUT and the secondary acoustic wave 5R.2.OUTPUT, adjacent to the two sides: the sound entrance side 5R.71 and the sound exit side 5R.72, correspondingly.

It will be evident to a commonly educated person that the acoustic beam 5R.1INPUT acts on the sound entrance side 5R.71 the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE not only due to the oscillating changes in temperature but also mechanically impacting the sound entrance side 5R.71 of the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE due to the oscillating changes in static pressure. The mechanic impacts partially transmit the acoustic beam 5R.1INPUT through the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE without the phase-inversion, thereby, resulting in the portion 5R.3.OUTPUT of the acoustic beam 5R.1.INPUT, which (the portion) is passed through the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE as a contribution 5R.3.OUTPUT to the resulting acoustic beam 5R.4.OUTPUT and radiated from the sound exit side 5R.72. As soon as the front of the contribution 5R.3.OUTPUT is not subjected to the phase-inversion and the velocity of acoustic waves in the solid material of the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE is much higher than the velocity of the acoustic waves in the air, the phase of the contribution 5R.3.OUTPUT radiated

Page 35 of 47 from the sound exit side 5R.72 is almost the same as the phase of the acoustic beam 5R.1INPUT and so is reasonably indicated by sign "+". If the common controller-dispatcher 5R.04 of the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE provides for amplifying the induced current to trigger the Peltier effect originated in unison with the triggered by the impacting acoustic beam 5R.1.INPUT Seebeck effect, and, thereby, to amplify the secondary acoustic wave 5R.2.OUTPUT exceeding the acoustic beam portion contribution 5R.3.OUTPUT, the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE is interpreted as a phase-inverter.

Optimized Detector Of Sound If the common controller-dispatcher 5R.04 of the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE comprises a so-called negative feedback loop to provide for that the two contributions: • the secondary acoustic wave 5R.2.OUTPUT, and • the portion 5R.3.OUTPUT of the acoustic beam 5R.1.INPUT which (the portion) passed through the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE, having the mutually opposite phases are such that the resulting electric current in the thermoelectric devices 5R.02 is zero, in turn, providing that the resulting acoustic beam 5R.4.OUTPUT has a zero amplitude, then the wave energy, brought by the acoustic beam 5R.1.INPUT, and the electric energy, consumed by both a multiplicity of individual integrated circuit controllers and the common controller-dispatcher 5R.04, altogether are transformed into the Joule heat and radiation of an electromagnetic wave which is accompanying the induced alternating current originated in the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE. This also means that there are suppressed waves reflected from the sound entrance side 5R.71. Thus, the device 5R.DEVICE is adapted to function as a detector of sound or a silencer, optimized to maximize the net-efficiency of sound detection.

Two-Staqe Sound Amplifier Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a two-stage sound amplifier5S.DEVICE, constructed according to the principles of the present invention as a multi-module thermoelectric device, representing a cascade of two mutually electrically-separated thermoelectric devices: 5S 1.DEVICE and 5S-2.DEVICE, each of which is similar to the thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE described hereinabove referring to Fig. 8. The thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE comprises a multiplicity of 2N ELEMENTAL DETECTORS OF SOUND 5S.02, each of which comprises an individual controller similar to the individual controller 5P.8A described hereinbefore referring to Fig. 6, and a common controller-dispatcher 5S.04 capable to control the 2N ELEMENTAL

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DETECTORS OF SOUND individually by amplifying, and/or delays, and/or phase-shifting, and/or summing the induced individual electric currents. When the sound entrance side 5S.71 is exposed to an impacting acoustic beam 5S.1.INPUT, the inner side 5S.72, being a sound exit side of the thermoelectric devices: 5S 1DEVICE and a sound entrance side of thermoelectric devices: 5S-2.DEVICE, is cooled and heated in anti-phase relative to the heating and cooling of the sound entrance side 5S.71. Further, a secondary acoustic wave 5S.2.OUTPUT is radiated from the sound exit side 5S.73 due to the Peltier effect as a contribution to the resulting acoustic beam 5S.4.OUTPUT. The two acoustic beams: impacting 5S.1.INPUT and the secondary acoustic wave 5S.2.OUTPUT, are marked by the same sign: "+", symbolizing the zero phase difference between the fronts of the two acoustic beams: impacting 5S.1.INPUT and the secondary acoustic wave 5S.2.OUTPUT, adjacent to the two sides: sound entrance 5S.71 and sound exit 5S.73, correspondingly. Again, it will be evident to a commonly educated person that the impacting acoustic beam 5S.1.INPUT acts on the sound entrance side 5.71 of the thermoelectric device5S.DEVICE not only due to the oscillating changes in temperature but also mechanically impacting the sound entrance side 5S.71 of the thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE due to the oscillating changes in static pressure. The mechanic impacts partially transmit the impacting acoustic beam 5S.1.INPUT through the thermoelectric device5S.DEVICE without the phase-inversion, thereby, resulting in a contribution 5S.3.OUTPUT to the resulting acoustic beam 5S.4.OUTPUT radiated from the sound exit side 5S.73. As soon as the front of the contribution 5S.3.OUTPUT is not subjected to the phase-inversion and the wavelength of an acoustic wave in a solid material of the thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE is much greater than the thickness 5S.03 of the thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE, the phase of the contribution 5S.3.OUTPUT radiated from the sound exit side 5S.73 is almost the same as the phase of the impacting acoustic beam 5S.1.INPUT and so is reasonably indicated by sign "+" as well. The two contributions: 5S.2.OUTPUT and 5S.3.OUTPUT, are in-phase, hence, in this case, the thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE is adapted to function as a two-stage sound amplifier, optimized to maximize the net-efficiency of sound boosting. As both the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect are triggered in the thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE, the resulting sound-amplifying partially occurs at the expense of the ambient heat.

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It will be evident for a commonly educated person that a phonendoscope and hearing aid, both can be supplied with the two-stage sound amplifier embodied as the thermoelectric device 5S.DEVICE.

Acoustic Wireless Charger Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of a communication system 5T.SYSTEM, constructed according to the present invention. The communication system 5T.SYSTEM comprises: • a multi-module thermoelectric device 5T.TX-ANTENNA, having a matrix composed of a multiplicity of N ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5T.02A functioning in the SOUND

LAUNCHING MODE and a common controller-dispatcher 5T.04A, and • a multi-module thermoelectric device 5T.RX-ANTENNA, composed of a matrix composed of a multiplicity of N ELEMENTAL DETECTORS OF SOUND 5T.02B functioning in the SOUND DETECTION MODE and a common controller-dispatcher 5T.04B. While the common controller-dispatcher 5T.04A provides for an implementation of the technique phased array applied to the matrix of the multiplicity of N ELEMENTAL SOURCES OF SOUND 5T.02A to form an acoustic beam 5T.1.INPUT directed to the multi-module thermoelectric device 5T.RX-ANTENNA, the common controller-dispatcher 5T.04B provides for the operation of the sound detecting multi-module thermoelectric device T.RX-ANTENNA similar to the operation of the multi-module thermoelectric device 5R.DEVICE described hereinabove in subparagraph "Optimized Detector Of Sound" referring to Fig. 8, namely, such that the two contributions 5T.2.OUTPUT and 5T.3.OUTPUT (both analogous to the aforementioned two contributions 5R.2.OUTPUT and 5R.3.OUTPUT) having the mutually opposite phases, such that the resulting acoustic beam 5T.4.OUTPUT has zero amplitude (analogously to the aforementioned resulting acoustic beam 5R.4.OUTPUT). The IC DETECTOR 5T.8B is similar to the IC DETECTOR 5P.8B (Fig. 6) but is now specified as having a DIODE

BRIDGE 5T.81B and a RECHARGEABLE BATTERY 5T.81B. An induced alternating electric current generated in the ICDETECTOR 5T.8B moves through the DIODE BRIDGE 5T.81B and charges the RECHARGEABLE BATTERY 5T.81B, thereby, cumulating the electric energy, which is acquired from the wave energy of the detected acoustic beam 5T.1.INPUT. Thus, the communication system 5T.SYSTEM represents an acoustic wireless charger. To estimate the practical feasibility of the acoustic wireless charger, consider the multi module thermoelectric device 5T.TX-ANTENNA having a linear size of several times greater than 1mm and the acoustic beam 5S.1.INPUT which is composed of acoustic waves at the ultrasound frequency of 340 kHz. In this case,

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" the wavelength of the ultrasound is estimated as 1 mm; and " half of the time-period allowing for the temperature oscillation is 0.5x T340kHz

1.5 x 10-6 sec and the reachable amplitude of the temperature difference is, approximately, of 1.8 x 10-6 K that corresponds to SPL=SDL=STL level of 70 dB. The phased array technique is applicable to the wavelength of 1mm, as the linear size of the multi-module thermoelectric device 5T.TX-ANTENNA is assumed of several times greater than 1 mm. Normally, the net-efficiency of the electrical scheme of the IC DETECTOR 5T.8B is higher than 50%. Taking into account that the wave power is proportional to squired frequency; if the charging energy is further destined to generate a 2 kHz sound, a reachable SPL of the 2 kHz sound is about 109 dB. The estimation shows that the acoustic wireless charger can be sufficiently efficient when charging the multi-module thermoelectric device5T.RX-ANTENNA wirelessly from 1 m distance using the 340 kHz ultrasound. In view of the foregoing description referring to Figs. 5q, 5p, 5r, 5s, and 5t, it will be evident for a person skilled in the art that, if the multi-module thermoelectric device T.RX-ANTENNA operates in a passive mode without the functioning of the dispatcher 5T.04B, then the magnitudes of the contributions 5T.2.OUTPUT and 5T.3.OUTPUT, both are neither controlled nor optimized and so a non-zero resulting acoustic beam 5T.3.OUTPUT determines a reduced net-efficiency of the acoustic wireless charger.

In The Claims In the claims, reference signs are used to refer to examples in the drawings for the purpose of easier understanding and are not intended to be limiting on the monopoly claimed.

Page 39 of 47

Claims (3)

1. An acoustic thermoelectric device [5Q.DEVICE, 5R.DEVICE] comprising: " a multiplicity of elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices [5P.0] aggregated as a whole in a matrix of a phased array; and " a controller-dispatcher; wherein each of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices comprising: 0 a thermoelectric element having two opposite sides: first and second, faced to two opposite directions away each from other, wherein the first side is supplied with a thermoconductive bus [5P.7A, 5P.7B] being thermally in contact with a first body, and the second side is supplied with a thermoconductive bus [5P.5A, 5P.5B] being thermally in contact with a second body, wherein: * said first body is at least one of a first portion of ambient fluid and a first solid body contacting with said first portion of ambient fluid; and * said second body is at least one of a second portion of the ambient fluid and a second solid-body contacting with said second portion of the ambient fluid; wherein a complicated motion of the first portion of the ambient fluid is composed of a headway motion and a propagating sound, an audible sound or ultrasound; and U an individual sensor-controller comprising: • a controllable generator of alternating electric voltage and current, • a controllable detector of alternating electric voltage and current, • a controllably manipulatable source of emf [5P.92C], • a controllable detector [5P.93C] of a direct current triggering the Peltier effect, • a controllable detector [5P.96C] of a direct current, induced due to the Seebeck effect, • a controllably manipulatable chargeable source of emf [5P.95C], and • at least one of a transformer or a bias tee [5P.86C] to separate alternating current and direct current, • a set of diodes [5P.97C] to separate two currents: a current originated by a controllably manipulatable source of emf and an induced current caused by temperature changes due to the Seebeck effect; said individual sensor-controller is capable of both:

Page 40 of 46 o detecting an induced alternating electric current due to sudden changes in temperature of the first side being thermally in contact with the first body; and o controlling the sudden changes in temperature of the first side by the manipulatable source of emf due to the Peltier effect; thereby, allowing for forced establishing of the temperature of the first side providing for compensation of temperature changes within said first body; thereby, each of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices, providing for specific functionality of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric device, said specific functionality is specified by simultaneous operating in two modes: of sound launching and sound detection; wherein the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices are arranged at least one of: " in alignment with a surface each near other, and " by multilayer cascading one after another, thereby, providing for at least one of together-frontal in unison, alternating, superposition, inter-cancelation, and multi-stage repeated actions of combined: 0 the Joule heating effect to provide for current-dependent heating of the first side and thereby providing changes in temperature of a multiplicity of portions of the ambient fluid, when the specific functionality of the acoustic thermoelectric device is as a functionality of an enhanced distributor of static pressures among the multiplicity of elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices; 0 the Peltier effect to provide for current-dependent both heating and cooling of the first side and thereby providing changes in temperature of a multiplicity of portions of the ambient fluid, when the specific functionality of the acoustic thermoelectric device is as a functionality of an enhanced source of sound composed of motionless components and so allowing for generating an acoustic wave with reduced concomitant turbulence, thereby, providing for increasing net-efficiency of the enhanced source of sound, and U the Seebeck effect to provide for a manifestation of detection of the impacting acoustic wave as follows: alternating heating and cooling of the first sides of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices,

Page 41 of 46

* originating the induced alternating electric current in the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices due to the Seebeck effect, * alternating heating and cooling of the second sides of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices due to the Peltier effect; * alternating heating and cooling of the second portion of the ambient fluid; * launching a secondary acoustic wave from the second side; the secondary acoustic wave characterized by an alternation frequency and phase, wherein the phase at the second side differing from the phase of the impacting acoustic wave at the first side on 1800; and * radiating an electromagnetic signal originated due to the induced alternating electric current in the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices; when the specific functionality of the acoustic thermoelectric device is as functionality of at least one of: * an enhanced detector of sound composed of motionless integrated circuit components allowing for mutual compensation of said secondary acoustic wave and a portion of the impacting acoustic wave passed through the acoustic thermoelectric device and penetrated into the second portion of the ambient fluid, thereby, providing for increasing net-efficiency of the enhanced detector of sound, and * a phase inverter composed of motionless integrated circuit components allowing for amplifying the induced alternating electric current such that said secondary acoustic wave is more powerful than a portion of the impacting acoustic wave passed through the acoustic thermoelectric device and penetrated into the second portion of the ambient fluid, thereby, providing dominance of said secondary acoustic wave over the portion of the impacting acoustic wave passed through the acoustic thermoelectric device and penetrated into the second portion of the ambient fluid; and wherein the controller-dispatcher being capable of controlling amplitudes, phase, delays, and frequencies of alternating electric currents generated in the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices due to simultaneously triggered: " the Pelier effect triggered by the controllable generators, and " the Seebeck effect dependent on temperature differences between the first and second sides of each of the elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices, and

Page 42 of 46

0 the Joule heating effect dependent on a distribution of electric current within the multiplicity of elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices; thereby allowing for the multiplicity of elemental acoustic thermoelectric devices to operate as said phased array.

2. A two-stage sound amplifier [5S.DEVICE] comprising a pair of the acoustic thermoelectric devices of claim 1: first and second, aggregated as a whole and operating at least in the sound detection mode; wherein: * the second side of the first elemental acoustic thermoelectric device is adjacent to the first side of the second elemental acoustic thermoelectric device, and * the first elemental acoustic thermoelectric device and the second elemental acoustic thermoelectric device are electrically separated, thereby, when: • the two-stage sound amplifier is submerged in the ambient fluid such that the first side of the first acoustic thermoelectric device is thermally in contact with the first portion of the ambient fluid and the second side of the second acoustic thermoelectric device is thermally in contact with the second portion of the ambient fluid, and • the first side of the first acoustic thermoelectric device is exposed to the impacting acoustic wave propagating in the ambient fluid wherein the impacting acoustic wave is characterized by a frequency being in a range of at least one of audible sound and ultrasound frequencies, manifestations of operation of the two-stage sound amplifier are as follows: • the alternating temperature difference between the two opposite sides: first and second, of the first elemental detector of sound induces an alternating electric current in the integrated circuit of the first elemental detector of sound due to the Seebeck effect, wherein the induced alternating electric current is characterized by the alternation frequency equal to the frequency of the impacting acoustic wave; • the induced alternating electric current in the integrated circuit of the first elemental detector of sound results in anti-phase changes in temperature of both the second side of the first elemental detector of sound and the first side of the second elemental detector of sound due to the Peltier effect,

Page 43 of 46

* the anti-phase changing in temperature of the first side of the second elemental detector of sound generates a secondary induced anti-phase alternating electric current in the integrated circuit of the second elemental detector of sound due to the Seebeck effect; * the secondary induced anti-phase alternating electric current in the integrated circuit of the second elemental detector of sound results in changing in temperature of the second side of the second elemental detector of sound due to the Peltier effect, * the changing in temperature of the second side of the second elemental detector of sound results in launching a secondary acoustic wave characterized by a phase at the second side of the second elemental detector of sound equal to the phase of the impacting acoustic wave at the first side of the first elemental detector of sound; and * a superposition of substantially in phase: o a portion of the impacting acoustic wave, which is passed through the pair of the elemental detectors of sound: first and second, aggregated as a whole, and o the secondary acoustic wave, results in constructive interference manifested as a boosted acoustic wave.

3. A hearing aid comprising a phonendoscope supplied with the two-stage sound amplifier of claim 2.

4. An acoustic wireless charger [5T.SYSTEM] comprising: • the acoustic thermoelectric device of claim 1 [5T.TX-ANTENNA] operating at least in the sound launching mode as the enhanced source of sound; • the acoustic thermoelectric device of claim 1 [5T.RX-ANTENNA] operating at least in the sound launching mode as the enhanced detector of sound; • a diode bridge [5T.81B]; and • a rechargeable battery [5T.82B]; wherein: * the first side [5T.71] of the enhanced detector of sound is exposed to an acoustic beam launched by the enhanced source of sound; • the diode bridge is capable of transforming the induced alternating current into a direct current; and

Page 44 of 46

• the rechargeable battery, when subjected to the direct current, is capable of becoming charged.

Page 45 of 46

1 / 10 26 Oct 2021 2021205020

Prior Art Fig. 1 1o.0 1o.1 1o.3 1o.4

V

1o.2

2 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Prior Art Fig. 2

THERMOELECTRIC ELEMENT 1.91A 1.0 : 1.0A , 1.0B 1.91B

1.3A ACTIVE COOLING HEAT SOURCE 1.3B 2021205020

1.7A 1.7B p n 1.1A 1.2B p 1.1B n 1.2A

1.42A 1.41A 1.42B 1.41B

HEAT REJECTOR HEAT SINK

1.5A 1.9B 1.5B 1.9A 1.92A 1.6B 1.92B 1.6A _ + 1.8A 1.8B

Case (A) REFRIGERATION MODE Case (B) POWER GENERATION MODE

1.80A

1.83A

1.82A

1.81A

Time, !"#

Case (A) TIME CHARACTERISTIC

3 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Prior Art Fig. 3

1Q.0 : 1Q.0A , 1Q.0B 1Q.0B1 1Q.0A1

ACTIVE COOLING HEAT SOURCE

pp nn pp n pp nn pp nn pp n pp nn 2021205020

HEAT REJECTION HEAT SINK 1Q.42A 1Q.41B 1Q.42B 1Q.41A 1Q.6A CURRENT 1Q.8A 1Q.6B CURRENT 1Q.8B

Case (A) Case (B)

Prior Art Fig. 4 1R.0A1 1R.0A 1R.0A1

1R.3A

1R.42A

1R.4A 1R.4A

1R.8A 1R.41A 1R.6A

4 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Prior Art Fig. 5

1t.41A 1t.0A1 1t.0 : 1t.0A , 1t.0B 1t.0B1 2021205020

EXTERNAL EXTE EXTERN TERNAL RN AL AC ACTI ACTIVE TIVE VE CO COOL COOLING OLIN OL ING G BU BUSS EXTENAL EXTE EXTENA TENAL NA L HE HEAT AT SOU S SOURCE OURC OU RCE BU RCE BUSS

p n p n p n p n p n p n

INTERNAL IN NTERNAL H NT HEAT EAT R EA REJECTION EJECT CTIOON B BUS US IINTERNAL NTERNAL AL H HEAT EAT S SINK IN NK B BUS US INTERNAL INTE IN TERN TERNAL RN AL AC ACTI ACTIVE TIVE VE CO COOL COOLING OLIN OL ING G BU BUSS INTERNAL INTE IN TERN TE RNAL RN AL HE HEAT AT SO SOUR SOURCE URCE BU URCE BUSS

n p n p n p np pn np pn np pn

INTERNAL INTE IN TERN TERNAL RN AL HE HEAT AT RE REJE REJECTION JECT JECTIO CTION IO N BU BUSS INTERNAL INTE IN TERN TERNAL HE HEAT AT SI SINK NK BU BUSS INTERNAL INTE IN TERN TERNAL RN AL AC ACTI ACTIVE TIVE TIVE CO COOL COOLING OLIN OL ING G BU BUSS INTERNAL INTE IN TERN TERNAL RN AL HE HEAT AT SO SOUR SOURCE URCE UR CE BU BUSS

p n p n p n pp nn pp n pp nn

EXTERNAL EXTE EXTERN RNAL RN AL HE HEAT AT RE REJE REJECTION JECT CTION CTION BU BUSS EXTERNAL EXTE EXTERN TERNAL HE HEAT AT SI SINK NK BU BUSS 1t.42A 1t.6B 1t.42B 1t.6A 1t.41B CURRENT 1t.8A CURRENT 1t.8B

Case (A) Case (B)

5 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Fig. 6 ELEMENTAL SOURCE AND DETECTOR OF SOUND 5P.91A 5P.0: 5P.0A , 5P.0B, 5P.0C, 5P.91B CASE (A) CASE (B) CASE (C) 5P.A 5P.B

ACTIVE COOLING AND 5P.7B HEAT AND COLDNESS 2021205020

5P.3A 5P.7A 5P.3B HEATING BUS SOURCE BUS

p 5P.2A n 5P.1A 5P.2B p 5P.1B n

5P.42A 5P.41A 5P.42B 5P.41B

HEAT AND COLDNESS HEAT AND COLD REJECTION BUS SINK BUS 5P.5A 5P.5B

5P.92A 5P.8A 5P.92B 5P.8B 5P.81A 5P.82A IC EMF IC DETECTOR 5P.62A 5P.61B 5P.62B 5P.61A 5P.80A 5P.80B

IC IC DETECTOR 5P.810A 5P.820A 5P 5P.86B 5P.86A 5P.810B

Case (A) SOUND LAUNCHING MODE Case (B) SOUND DETECTION MODE

6 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Fig. 6 Case (C) GENERAL MODE 5P.0, 5P.0C 5P.7C 5P.C 2021205020

COLD SIDE 5P.98C

5P.94C

p n 5P.5C

5P.8C HOT SIDE

5P.86C 5P.82C IC DETECTOR 5P.97C 5P.9C

IC-SEEBECK

IC-PELTIER 5P.98C

5P.96C 5P.93C 5P.92C 5P.95C

7 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Fig. 7 Z Y 5Q.MATRIX 5Q.01 2021205020

5Q.0

(A) X

5Q.0 5Q.DEVICE 5Q.02 Z Y X

5Q.05 p n p n 5Q.08 p n

5Q.81

IC IC 5Q.03 IC 5Q.82 5Q.04

DISPATCHER

(B)

8 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Fig. 8

5R.DEVICE 2021205020

5R.03

5R.2.OUTPUT 5R.1.INPUT 5R.4.OUTPUT

+ + 5R.3.OUTPUT

5R.02

5R.71 5R.72

5R.04 DISPATCHER

9 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Fig. 9

5S.DEVICE 2021205020

5S.03

5S-1.DEVICE

5S-2.DEVICE 5S.2.OUTPUT 5S.1.INPUT

+ 5S.4.OUTPUT

+ + 5S.3.OUTPUT

5S.02

5S.72 5S.71 5S.73

5S.04 DISPATCHER

10 / 10 26 Oct 2021

Fig. 10

5T.SYSTEM 5T.RX-ANTENNA 2021205020

5T.TX-ANTENNA

5T.2.OUTPUT 5T.1.INPUT 5T.4.OUTPUT

+ + 5T.3.OUTPUT

5T.02B

5T.71 5T.72

5T.02A DISPATCHER 5T.04B

5T.8B 5T.04A IC DETECTOR DISPATCHER DIODE RECHARGEABLE 5T.82B 5T.81B BRIDGE BATTERY