AU2021100149A4 - Greenhouse Soil Amendment and Application Method Thereof - Google Patents
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- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000193417 Brevibacillus laterosporus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CSTCWXGYJCUXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Mg+2].[K+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Mg+2].[K+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CSTCWXGYJCUXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed by the present invention are a greenhouse soil amendment and an
application method thereof. The amendment is prepared by mixing a natural mineral
base material, an inorganic base material, an organic base material and a microbial
inoculum base material at a ratio of 1:1:2:1; the natural mineral base material
comprises bentonite, zeolite, vermiculite and gypsum; the inorganic base material
comprises fly ash, volcanic ash, phosphoric acid, potassium chloride, calcium
magnesium potassium phosphate, and urea; the organic base material comprises
sewage sludge, straws, and livestock and poultry manure; and the microbial inoculum
base material comprises arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus subtilis, bacillus
licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and saccharomycetes. The amendment is applied
twice, i.e., during ploughing and one week before transplanting seedlings, with the
application amount of about 0.45-0.75 kg/M2 each time. The amendment can improve
the physical structure of soil, such as expansibility, dispersibility and adhesion, and
improve the nutrient preserving capability and water holding capacity of soil, so that
the amendment is environmentally friendly, with low cost.
Description
Greenhouse Soil Amendment and Application Method Thereof
[01] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural soil fertilizers, in particular to a greenhouse soil amendment and an application method thereof.
[02] With the continuous development of economy and society, the problem of soil degradation is becoming more and more prominent, which is primarily manifested by soil compaction and hardening, erosion, salinization, acidification, element imbalance, chemical pollution, organic matter loss and degradation of flora and fauna, which seriously limits the development of land productivity. The application of soil amendments is one of the important measures for remediation of degraded soil. Soil amendments can effectively improve the physicochemical properties and nutrient status of soil, and positively affect soil microorganisms, thus improving the productivity of degraded soil. Soil amendments can be divided into natural amendments, synthetic amendments, natural-synthetic copolymer amendments and biological amendments by sources of raw materials. The four categories of amendments have individual strengths and weaknesses, some amendments have simple effect; some amendments are specific to a particular type of soil; for some amendments, raw materials are not readily available in large quantities; some amendments are complex in raw material formulas; some amendments are complex in manufacturing processes; and some amendments have large consumption.
[03] In order to solve the problems, the patent with application number of 201810081379.1 discloses a compound soil amendment, a preparation method and an application method thereof. The compound soil amendment is made up of a decomposed organic fertilizer, fulvic acid, edible fungi residues, biogas residues and a compound microbial inoculant. The amendment which is mainly compounded from organic substances can improve the fertility of soil, however, due to lack of compounding of natural minerals and inorganic substances, the amendment has poor nutrient preserving capability and water holding capacity during application. In addition, the amendment cannot improve the physical structure of soil, such as expansibility, dispersibility and adhesion of soil, and cannot adjust the pH value of soil and adsorb heavy metals in soil, therefore, it is difficult to decompose and utilize wastes from factories to achieve the purpose of environmental protection.
[04] In order to solve the problems, the present invention provides a greenhouse soil amendment prepared by mixing a natural mineral base material, an inorganic base material, an organic base material and a microbial inoculum base material at a ratio of 1:1:2:1;
[05] wherein the natural mineral base material comprises 40-50 parts of bentonite, 15-30 parts of zeolite, 15-30 parts of vermiculite and 40-50 parts of gypsum by weight;
[06] the inorganic base material comprises 20-30 parts of fly ash, 40-50 parts of volcanic ash, 15-20 parts of phosphoric acid, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride, 15-20 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 15-20 parts of urea by weight;
[07] the organic base material comprises 30-50 parts of sewage sludge, 10-20 parts of straws and 80-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure by weight; and
[08] the microbial inoculum base material comprises 10-20 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, -10 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 5-10 parts of saccharomycetes by weight.
[09] Preferably, the natural mineral base comprises 40 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of zeolite, 20 parts of vermiculite and 40 parts of gypsum;
[010] the inorganic base material comprises 20 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of volcanic ash, 15 parts of phosphoric acid, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 15 parts of urea;
[011] the organic base material comprises 50 parts of sewage sludge, 10 parts of straws and 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure; and
[012] the microbial inoculum base material comprises 20 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 5 parts of saccharomycetes.
[013] The amendment is prepared as follows:
[014] (1) the natural mineral base material is prepared as follows:
[015] crushing a uniform mixture of the bentonite, the zeolite, the vermiculite and the gypsum in a crusher, sieving the crushed mixture through a 50-mesh sieve, then continuing crushing the residual mixture over the sieve, sieving the resulting crushed mixture through a 100-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the mixture from the first sieving and the mixture from the second sieving to obtain the natural mineral base material.
[016] (2) the inorganic base material is prepared as follows:
[017] sieving the fly ash and the volcanic ash respectively through a 50-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the sieved fly ash, the sieved volcanic ash, the phosphoric acid, the potassium chloride, the calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and the urea to obtain the inorganic base material.
[018] (3) the organic base material is prepared as follows:
[019] crushing the sewage sludge after dehydration, drying and granulation, crushing the straws after dehydration, crushing the livestock and poultry manure after fermentation, dehydration, drying and granulation, then sieving the crushed sewage sludge, the crushed straws and the crushed livestock and poultry manure through a 50 mesh sieve before uniform mixing to obtain the organic base material.
[020] (4) the microbial inoculum base material is prepared as follows:
[021] inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus laterosporus and the saccharomycetess in media for culture respectively, drying and crushing the amplified media containing fungi 5 to 7 days later, then sieving the crushed media through a 100-mesh sieve respectively, and uniformly mixing all inocula to obtain the microbial inoculum base material.
[022] The application of the amendment in soil improvement is as follows:
[023] applying the amendment twice, i.e., during ploughing and one week before transplanting seedlings, with the application amount of about 0.45-0.75 kg/m2 each time.
[024] The present invention has the following advantageous effects: the amendment can improve the physical structure of soil, such as expansibility, dispersibility and adhesion, and further improve the nutrient preserving capability and water holding capacity of soil. In addition, the amendment uses industrial wastes as raw materials, which is more environmentally friendly while reducing the cost of raw materials; the amendment can improve the pH value of soil and provide a reasonable acid-base environment for balanced production of microorganisms, and the amendment can adsorb heavy metals in soil to prevent toxic effects of the heavy metals on planted crops and damage to the balance of microbial colonies.
[025] The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments.
[026] The effects of natural minerals on soil improvement are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
[027] (1) Improvement of soil structure: Due to the expansibility, dispersibility and adhesion, bentonite can be applied to soil to increase the number of aggregates, increase soil porosity and reduce soil bulk density.
[028] (2) Improvement of water holding capacity of soil: Due to the water storage capacity, zeolite can be applied to soil to increase the water content of topsoil by 1% 2%, and increase the field moisture capacity of topsoil by 5% - 15% under drought conditions. Bentonite can improve sandy soil to increase the water content of the soil.
[029] (3) Improvement of nutrient preserving capability and fertility of soil: Due to the high adsorption capacity and high cation exchange capacity, zeolite can promote the release of nutrients in soil. Zeolite can also adsorb NH4' and P, and most of the adsorbed NH4' and P can be desorbed. Zeolite can also activate soil insolubility and improve potassium supply of soil. In addition, bentonite and vermiculite also have the function of conserving fertilizers, thereby providing soil with macroelements and trace elements needed for plant growth, such as Ca, Mg, K and Fe.
[030] (4) Improvement of salinity and buffering of soil pH: Both Na' and Cl- in soil can enter zeolite and be adsorbed by zeolite, so that the salinity and alkalinity of soil are reduced, thus buffering the soil pH. In addition, bentonite and gypsum can also reduce the salinity of soil.
[031] (5) Adsorption of heavy metals: Zeolite, bentonite and vermiculite can adsorb heavy metals such as Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb and Cd in soil, and reduce soil bioavailability. In addition, both zeolite and bentonite can effectively fix the radioactive substance Cs.
[032] The effects of the inorganic base material on soil improvement are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
[033] (1) Improvement of physical properties of soil: Fly ash can reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, adjust three-phase ratio and raise low temperature. In addition, fly ash can be used to improve sandy soil to increase the water holding capacity of soil while increasing the hydraulic conductivity, which is beneficial to prevent crust.
[034] (2) Improvement of soil fertility: The content of available B in fly ash is as high as 5178mg/kg, which can supplement the supply of B in soil. Fly ash can react with acidic components in acid soil to release trace elements such as S, B and Mo, and can also improve the availability of metal ions such as Mg2 and Ca2 in soil and inhibit the toxic effects of A13' and Mn 2 +. Alkaline fly ash can be mixed with pig manure to make inorganic phosphorus more mobile. Volcanic ash is rich in phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements that can be quickly absorbed by plants. Therefore, the application of volcanic ash to soil can increase soil fertility, and thus improving the yield of plants.
[035] (3) Improvement of water holding capacity and nutrient preserving capability of soil: The porosity of volcanic ash helps improve the water holding capacity and cation exchange rate of soil, allowing better water and nutrient retention and slow and continuous water transfer to the plant root system.
[036] (4) Improvement of microbial and enzymatic activity of soil: Fly ash, together with the organic base material (sewage sludge) can reduce the content of toxic metals in soil by adsorption while reducing the C/N ratio, provide organic compounds, and improve enzymatic activity and N and P cycle to increase microbial diversity and improve microbial activity.
[037] The effects of the organic base material on soil improvement are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
[038] (1) Improvement of physical properties of soil: Sewage sludge, straws, and livestock and poultry manure can promote the formation of aggregate structure, reduce soil bulk density and improve water holding capacity of soil; the sewage sludge, as one of the raw materials of the amendment, can reduce environmental pollution.
[039] (2) Improvement of soil fertility: After fermentation and decomposition, livestock and poultry manure can be used as amendments to increase the contents of available N and P while increasing the contents of various medium and trace elements such as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Fe.
[040] (3) Reduction of bioactivity of heavy metals: Sewage sludge can interact with soil to form new adsorption sites, which increases the adsorption capacity of Cd and Sb by soil and reduces the bioavailability of soil.
[041] The effects of the microbial inoculum base material on soil improvement are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
[042] (1) Improvement of physical properties of soil: Extraradical mycelia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can produce extracellular glycoproteins which can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure together with hyphal network, improve soil stability and soil permeability.
[043] (2) Adjustment of the structure of microbial colonies in soil: Bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth of microbial colonies that cause crop root diseases such as fusarium wilt, root rot and black spot. Bacillus licheniformis can intensively promote the decomposition of organic matters in soil into humus, greatly improve the soil fertility, and also have a good inhibitory effect on plant diseases. Bacillus laterosporus can improve loose soil and solve the problem of soil compaction, thus activating soil and improving the utilization rate of fertilizers. Saccharomycetes can quickly change the cation and anion structures of soil, balance soil pH, increase probiotics in soil, activate soil, and can be combined with compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers to effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, reduce the amount of fertilizers applied, and provide superior soil loosening and water holding capacity.
[044] Example 1
[045] A greenhouse soil amendment, prepared by mixing a natural mineral base material, an inorganic base material, an organic base material and a microbial inoculum base material at a ratio of 1:1:2:1;
[046] wherein the natural mineral base material comprises 40 parts of bentonite, parts of zeolite, 15 parts of vermiculite and 40 parts of gypsum by weight;
[047] the inorganic base material comprises 20 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of volcanic ash, 15 parts of phosphoric acid, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 15 parts of urea by weight;
[048] the organic base material comprises 30 parts of sewage sludge, 10 parts of straws and 80 parts of livestock and poultry manure by weight; and
[049] the microbial inoculum base material comprises 10 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 5 parts of saccharomycetes by weight.
[050] The amendment is applied twice, i.e., during ploughing and one week before transplanting seedlings, with the application amount of about 0.60 kg/m2 each time.
[051] Example 2
[052] A greenhouse soil amendment, prepared by mixing a natural mineral base material, an inorganic base material, an organic base material and a microbial inoculum base material at a ratio of 1:1:2:1;
[053] wherein the natural mineral base material comprises 50 parts of bentonite, parts of zeolite, 30 parts of vermiculite and 50 parts of gypsum by weight;
[054] the inorganic base material comprises 30 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of volcanic ash, 20 parts of phosphoric acid, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 20 parts of urea by weight;
[055] the organic base material comprises 50 parts of sewage sludge, 20 parts of straws and 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure by weight; and
[056] the microbial inoculum base material comprises 20 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 10 parts of saccharomycetes by weight.
[057] The amendment is applied twice, i.e., during ploughing and one week before transplanting seedlings, with the application amount of about 0.60 kg/m2 each time.
[058] Example 3
[059] A greenhouse soil amendment, prepared by mixing a natural mineral base material, an inorganic base material, an organic base material and a microbial inoculum base material at a ratio of 1:1:2:1;
[060] wherein the natural mineral base material comprises 40 parts of bentonite, parts of zeolite, 20 parts of vermiculite and 40 parts of gypsum by weight;
[061] the inorganic base material comprises 20 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of volcanic ash, 15 parts of phosphoric acid, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 15 parts of urea by weight;
[062] the organic base material comprises 50 parts of sewage sludge, 10 parts of straws and 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure by weight; and
[063] the microbial inoculum base material comprises 20 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 5 parts of saccharomycetes by weight.
[064] The amendment is applied twice, i.e., during ploughing and one week before transplanting seedlings, with the application amount of about 0.60 kg/m2 each time.
[065] One week after applying the amendment of the present invention, components of soil in Examples 1, 2 and 3 were measured respectively, and the results were given below:
Group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
pH value 6.5 6.7 7 Humidity(%) 65 73 82 Soil conductivity (ms) 0.6 0.65 0.7 Organic matter (%) 50 56.7 55.3 Alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen 72.5 79.6 85.3 (mg/kg) Available P (mg/kg) 87.3 90.6 103.5 Available K (mg/kg) 302.4 354.6 398.3 Available Ca (mg/kg) 902.4 1000.3 1100.5 Available Mg (mg/kg) 88.5 95.7 104.1 Available B (mg/kg) 4.5 5.6 8.3 Available Cu (mg/kg) 1.1 1.4 2.3 Available Zn (mg/kg) 4.6 5.7 7.2 Available Fe (mg/kg) 50.1 58.2 63.3 Available Mn (mg/kg) 6.2 6.8 8.3 Cd (mg/kg) 1.02 0.69 0.21 As (mg/kg) 0.85 0.73 0.23
[066] It can be seen from the table above that the amendment having the components in Example 3 can increase the content of organic matters in soil, and improve the water holding capacity and nutrient preserving capability of the soil while transforming the soil to get more macroelements, medium elements and trace elements. In addition, the amendment having the components can improve the soil conductivity, that is, higher ion exchange capability, which means that crops can absorb free nutrient elements in the soil more quickly and promote the growth of the crops. With the components, the content of heavy metal ions in the soil gradually decreases, which indicates that the amendment having the components has the highest adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, and minimizes toxic effects of heavy metal ions on the crops.
[067] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms, in keeping with the broad principles and the spirit of the invention described herein.
[068] The present invention and the described embodiments specifically include the best method known to the applicant of performing the invention. The present invention and the described preferred embodiments specifically include at least one feature that is industrially applicable
Claims (7)
1. A greenhouse soil amendment, characterized in that the amendment is prepared by mixing a natural mineral base material, an inorganic base material, an organic base material and a microbial inoculum base material at a ratio of 1:1:2:1;
wherein the natural mineral base material comprises 40-50 parts of bentonite, -30 parts of zeolite, 15-30 parts of vermiculite and 40-50 parts of gypsum by weight;
the inorganic base material comprises 20-30 parts of fly ash, 40-50 parts of volcanic ash, 15-20 parts of phosphoric acid, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride, 15-20 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 15-20 parts of urea by weight;
the organic base material comprises 30-50 parts of sewage sludge, 10-20 parts of straws and 80-100 parts of livestock and poultry manure by weight; and
the microbial inoculum base material comprises 10-20 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, -10 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 5-10 parts of saccharomycetes by weight.
2. The greenhouse soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural mineral base comprises 40 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of zeolite, 20 parts of vermiculite and 40 parts of gypsum;
the inorganic base material comprises 20 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of volcanic ash, 15 parts of phosphoric acid, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and 15 parts of urea;
the organic base material comprises 50 parts of sewage sludge, 10 parts of straws and 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure; and
the microbial inoculum base material comprises 20 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus and 5 parts of saccharomycetes.
3. The amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the natural mineral base material is prepared as follows: crushing a uniform mixture of the bentonite, the zeolite, the vermiculite and the gypsum in a crusher, sieving the crushed mixture through a 50-mesh sieve, then continuing crushing the residual mixture over the sieve, sieving the resulting crushed mixture through a 100-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the mixture from the first sieving and the mixture from the second sieving to obtain the natural mineral base material.
4. The amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inorganic base material is prepared as follows:
sieving the fly ash and the volcanic ash respectively through a 50-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the sieved fly ash, the sieved volcanic ash, the phosphoric acid, the potassium chloride, the calcium magnesium potassium phosphate, and the urea to obtain the inorganic base material.
5. The amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic base material is prepared as follows:
crushing the sewage sludge after dehydration, drying and granulation, crushing the straws after dehydration, crushing the livestock and poultry manure after fermentation, dehydration, drying and granulation, then sieving the crushed sewage sludge, the crushed straws and the crushed livestock and poultry manure through a 50 mesh sieve before uniform mixing to obtain the organic base material.
6. The amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microbial inoculum base material is prepared as follows:
inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus laterosporus and the saccharomycetess in media for culture respectively, drying and crushing the amplified media containing fungi 5 to 7 days later, then sieving the crushed media through a 100-mesh sieve respectively, and uniformly mixing all inocula to obtain the microbial inoculum base material.
7. The amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amendment is used as follows: applying the amendment twice, i.e., during ploughing and one week before transplanting seedlings, with the application amount of about 0.45-0.75 kg/m2 each time.
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| AU2021100149A AU2021100149A4 (en) | 2021-01-11 | 2021-01-11 | Greenhouse Soil Amendment and Application Method Thereof |
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