AU2020100862A4 - Method For Collecting And Testing Lithium Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Products - Google Patents
Method For Collecting And Testing Lithium Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Products Download PDFInfo
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- ion battery
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 245
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Abstract
A method for collecting and online and offline testing lithium ion battery thermal
runaway gas and solid products is provided, which is applicable to collecting and testing
thermal runaway products under different parameter conditions, said method including: 1)
5 setting a battery thermal runaway condition, and using an electrical heating modeto cause,
under a set condition, the occurrence of thermal runaway of a battery to be tested; 2)
collecting toobtain gas and solid products after the thermal runaway of the battery; 3)
testing the gas product collected in step 2); and 4) performing a solid product test on the
solid product collected in step 2). Said method takes lithium ion battery thermal runaway
10 products as research objects, and obtains hazard level quantitative data of the lithium ion
battery thermal runaway products by using different collecting and testing methods for
different environmental atmospheres, different thermal runaway products, and different
testing forms.
21
1/5
LANttesting Charge Battery to be tested system
Collecting system
Air atmosphere Inert gas atmosphere Vacuum environment
Online gas test
Online gas tester Offline
test
Gas product Solid product
Gas collecting bag Tray
Subsequent test
FIG. 1
Description
1/5
LANttesting Charge Battery to be tested system
Collecting system
Air atmosphere Inert gas atmosphere Vacuum environment
Online gas test
Online gas tester Offline test
Gas product Solid product
Gas collecting bag Tray
Subsequent test
FIG. 1
Technical Field
A method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products of the present invention relates to a method for collecting and online and offline testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid products, which is particularly applicable to collecting and testing thermal runaway products when the lithium ion battery is under different parameter conditions, such as different atmosphere environments, different heating temperatures, different heating powers, and different charging capacities of the lithium ion battery.
Related Art
Nowadays, fossil energy is increasingly diminishing, and renewable energy has received more and more attention. How to store energy efficiently and economically becomes an urgent need. As an energy storage system, batteries can meet the needs of energy storage and use. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, electronic equipment, and the like, small lithium ion batteries with higher charging and discharging performance have completely changed the energy consumption market. However, under different use environments, especially under the condition of thermal abuse such as high temperature, thermal runaway will occur in the lithium ion battery due to its structure and material characteristics, and the lithium ion battery will release fumes composed of gas and solid products.
By collecting the gas and solid products generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery and through online and offline tests, it is possible to understand the hazard of the lithium ion battery releasing products at the time of runaway, so as to understand the type and level of the risk, which is of great significance to the safe use, transportation, and storage of the lithium ion battery and especially provides a theoretical basis for the accident handling and the reduction of personnel and property losses after the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery.
At present, China and foreign countries mainly analyze the causes and phenomena of runaway of lithium ion batteries, as well as the toxicity, components, and the like of the released gas. However, there are few studies on the change process of the concentration of each component and the risk of explosion of the gas product, the thermal properties of the solid product, and the like. There are currently no special system and equipment for such study.
The invention is directed to a method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products, which can perform online and offline tests on gas and solid products after thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery so as to better understand a thermal runaway hazard level of the lithium ion battery.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:
A method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products includes the following steps:
1) setting a battery thermal runaway condition through a lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and using an electrical heating mode to cause, under a set condition, the occurrence of thermal runaway of a battery to be tested;
2) collecting to obtain gas and solid products after the thermal runaway of the battery through the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
3) testing the gas product collected in step 2);
3-1) during a thermal runaway gas online test, conveying gas generated instantaneously at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery under different parameter conditions into an online gas analyzer through a pipeline of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system after steps of fume filtration, water removal, and the like, and testing instantaneous gas main component data; and
3-2) during a thermal runaway gas offline test, conveying the gas generated instantaneously at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery under different parameter conditions into a gas collecting bag through the pipeline of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and performing gas component analysis on the gas after the thermal runaway in the gas collecting bag by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system or performing an explosion limit test or other offline tests, wherein either the gas online test of step 3-1) or the gas offline test of step 3-2) is performed according to experimental needs during an experiment; and
4) performing a solid product test on the solid product collected in step 2),
wherein the solid product test includes thermal analysis, dust explosion risk analysis, and tests such as an autoignition point measurement test.
An implementation process of step 1) is specifically as follows: after the lithium ion battery to be tested is charged to a preset capacity through a charging and discharging system, establishing the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, placing the lithium ion battery to be tested into an electrical heating device of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and setting a heating condition so as to cause, under the set condition, the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery to be tested.
A dust filter tank, a dewatering pipe, and the like are arranged in the middle of the pipeline of step 2) as a filter system, so that when heating is turned on, at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, smoke generated by the runaway is filtered by the system, and then the gas product is subjected to instantaneous online main component concentration content and change analysis.
The gas and solid collecting and testing system performs gas-solid separation on the smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery through thefilter system: after the smoke passes through a filter screen at a top cover of the collecting system, the gas is discharged from the pipeline, solid sinks and accumulates on a tray in the system, and solid that is not completely filtered out in the gas is filtered by a filter installed in the pipeline so as to prevent solid particles from affecting subsequent gas tests.
The different parameter conditions refer to different atmosphere environments, different heating temperatures, and different heating powers of the lithium ion battery, and different charging capacity states of the lithium ion battery.
The different atmosphere environments refer to gas environments of the lithium ion battery at the time of thermal runaway, including atmospheric pressure air, low pressure air, and atmospheric pressure inert gas, so as to simulate different gas environments of the lithium ion battery in an actual use process, for example, an atmospheric pressure air state in daily use, a low pressure air state in aircraft transportation, and an atmospheric pressure inert gas state in protective gas transportation; the different heating temperatures refer to environmental temperatures of the lithium ion battery at the occurrence of the thermal runaway, that is, temperatures around the battery, so as to simulate different high-temperature environments of the lithium ion battery in the actual use process; the different heating powers refer to temperature rise rates of the lithium ion battery at the occurrence of the thermal runaway, so as to simulate situations of different temperature rise rates of the lithium ion battery in the actual use process, wherein the higher the heating power, the higher the temperature rise rate; and the different charging capacity states refer to different charge states or capacity states of the lithium ion battery, so as to simulate situations of the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery at different capacities in the actual use process.
The online and offline tests are as follows: after smoke generated after the runaway of the lithium ion battery is separated, the gas product directly enters the gas analyzer through the pipeline for a gas concentration online test, or is collected by the gas collecting bag and then fed into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for a gas component analysis offline test, and the solid product is collected by a tray, and sent into an autoignition point tester for an autoignition point test, into a differential scanning calorimeter for a thermal stability test, into a dust explosion limit tester for the explosion limit test, and the like.
A temperature control module of the electrical heating device adopts a PID control system based on a successive approximation method to perform heating temperature control, and a heating module heating bath containing the battery is adjustable and replaceable according to batteries of different shapes so as to test lithium ion batteries of different shapes within a certain volume range.
During lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas online detection under an air atmosphere in step 3-1), a gas valve below the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is closed, one of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is closed, and the other one of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is connected to an online gas concentration detector through a pipeline.
During lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas online detection under an inert gas atmosphere in step 3-1), the gas valve below the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system is opened and connected to an inert gas steel cylinder through a pipeline, and a one-way valve and a flowmeter are arranged in the middle. The one-way valve is configured to prevent a gas pressure generated by thermal runaway from reversely entering the inert gas steel cylinder, and the flowmeter is used for subsequent actual gas concentration conversion. One of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is opened and connected to a safety valve through a pipeline, and a corresponding activated pressure is set to prevent overpressure destroy to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system due to inert gas purging and the gas pressure generated by the runaway gas. The other one of the gas valves above is connected to the online gas concentration detector through the pipeline, and the dust filter tank, the dewatering pipe, and the like are arranged in the middle of the pipeline. The inert gas steel cylinder is opened, so that the inert gas continuously purges the collecting system in the whole process. Heating is turned on, and at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery under the inert gas atmosphere, the gas product can be subjected to instantaneous online main component concentration content and change analysis, and a corresponding actual value is calculated based on inert gas flow data displayed by the flowmeter.
During lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas online detection under a vacuum environment in step 3-1), the gas valve below the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system is opened and connected to an air extracting pump, the two gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system are closed but one of the gas valves is connected to the online gas detector through the pipeline (the valve remains closed), the air extracting pump is opened, and when a pressure gauge of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system displays a pressure of -0.1 MPa, air extraction is stopped and the gas valve below is closed. Heating is turned on, and at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery under the vacuum environment, the gas valve connected to the online gas detector is opened and the detector is turned on at the same time, so that the gas product can be subjected to instantaneous online main component concentration content and change analysis.
During lithium ion battery thermal runaway product offline detection under an inert gas atmosphere in step 3-2), the gas valve below the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is opened and connected to the inert gas steel cylinder through the pipeline, one of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is opened, the other one of the gas valves above is opened to the inside of the room, the inert gas steel cylinder is opened to purge the whole pipeline and the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system with inert gas, all the opened gas valves are closed at the same time after the purging is complete, and after the gas collecting bag is connected to one of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, the gas valve is opened. Heating is turned on, and at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery under the inert gas atmosphere, the gas and solid products can be collected for subsequent analysis.
During lithium ion battery thermal runaway product offline detection under a vacuum environment in step 3-2), the gas valve below the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system is opened and connected to the air extracting pump, one of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is closed, the other one of the gas valves is connected to the gas collecting bag through a pipeline, the air extracting pump is opened, and when the pressure gauge of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system displays a pressure of -0.1 MPa, air extraction is stopped and the gas valve below is closed. Heating is turned on, and at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery under the vacuum environment, the gas and solid products can be collected for subsequent analysis.
During lithium ion battery thermal runaway product offline detection under an air atmosphere in step 3-2), the gas valve below the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system is closed, one of the gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is closed, and the other one of the gas valves above is connected to the gas collecting bag through the pipeline. Heating is turned on, and at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, the gas product generated by the runaway can be collected into the gas collecting bag, and the gas product in the gas collecting bag can be subjected to test analysis such as subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry component analysis and the explosion limit test. The large-particle solid product will stay in a collecting tray arranged in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system, and the large-particle solid product in the collecting tray can be collected and subjected to test analysis such as thermal stability analysis, the autoignition point test, and the dust explosion limit test.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The method of the invention takes lithium ion battery thermal runaway products as research objects, and can more accurately obtain hazard level quantitative data of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway products by using different collecting and testing methods for different environmental atmospheres, different thermal runaway products, and different testing forms.
The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for collecting and online and offline testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid products;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a collecting device of a lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the collecting device of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a heating bath of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a temperature control and data acquisition device of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a working principle of the temperature control and data acquisition device of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
FIG. 7 is a graph of lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas product concentration over time under an air atmosphere (1OOSOC, 300°C, 400 W);
FIG. 8 is a lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas product explosion limit data graph at different heating environmental temperatures under an air atmosphere (100SOC, 400 W); and
FIG. 9 is a lithium ion battery thermal runaway solid product heat flow curve diagram under an air atmosphere.
In the figures,ldenotesa first gas valve, 2denotesa pressure gauge, 3denotesa second gas valve, 4 denotesa top cover, 5 denotesa quartz glass shape, 6 denotesa tray, 7 denotesa battery heating bath, 8 denotesa gas flow channel, 9 denotesa chassis, 10 denotesa base, 11 denotes cable trunking, 12 denotesa base gas valve, 13 denotes base cable trunking, 14 denotesa thermal insulation layer, 15 denotesa resistance heating wire, 16 denotesa through hole, and 17 denotesa temperature control and data acquisition device.
Methods in the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 6, a lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system includes a collecting device and a temperature control and data acquisition device. The collecting device includes a top cover 4, a quartz glass shade 5, and a base 10, and the base 10 is disk-shaped. The quartz glass shade 5 is a cylindrical hollow shade body, and the quartz glass shade 5 is clamped outside the base 10. The top cover 4 is disk-shaped, and the top cover 4 covers an upper part of the quartz glass shade 5.
Through holes 14 are formed in the top cover 4, and a gas valve is installed at an upper end of the through hole 14 and configured to convey gas. As shown in FIG. 1, the number of the through holes 14 is two, and the gas valves at the upper ends are respectively a first gas valve 1 and a second gas valve 3.
The top cover 4 is further provided with a pressure gauge 2 (-0.1 MPa to 3 MPa) configured to display a gas pressure in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system, and a throttle valve is further arranged in a pipeline between the pressure gauge 2 and the top cover 3 to prevent release of too much gas at the moment of thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery, causing an excessive pressure and damage to the pressure gauge.
The base 10 is provided with a base gas valve 12 and base cable trunking 13. The base gas valve 12 is configured to convey the gas. The base cable trunking 13 is configured to lay electrical heating and temperature data acquisition cables.
The base 10 is further provided with a disk-shaped chassis 9. The chassis 9 is provided with a battery heating bath 7. The battery heating bath 7 is a hollow annular column. A battery jar configured to place the battery is arranged in the battery heating bath 7. An inner wall of the battery heating bath 7 is provided with a thermal insulation layer 14. A resistance heating wire 15 is wound on the column in the middle of the battery heating bath 7.
A bottom of the battery heating bath 7 and the chassis 9 are both provided with channels for gas flow and cable trunking 11. The cable trunking 11 is configured to lay the electrical heating and temperature data acquisition cables.
The battery heating bath 7 is provided with a tray 6 configured to contain the thermal runaway solid product.
The temperature control and data acquisition device 17 includes a power supply, a temperature controller, a thermocouple, a thermocouple sensor, and a data acquisition instrument. The temperature controller is connected to the power supply and configured to adjust a heating temperature and a heating power. The power supply is connected to the resistance heating wire arranged on the inner wall of the battery heating bath. The temperature controller adopts a PID control system based on a successive approximation method, and can realize temperature control with an accuracy of 0.1°C. The thermocouple sensor is connected to the thermocouple arranged in the battery heating bath through a cable, thereby measuring a battery surface temperature in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system. The thermocouple sensor is connected to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument can acquire and automatically record the heating temperature and the heating power and temperature data of the thermocouple sensor in real time for subsequent relevant analysis.
The thermal insulation layer 14 adopts thermal insulation cotton.
The top cover 4 is circular. A radius of a lower part of the top cover 4 is less than that of an upper part of the top cover 4. The lower part of the top cover is clamped on the upper part of the quartz glass shade 5.
The temperature control and data acquisition device adopts a commercially available ready-made integrated control instrument, and its temperature control system adopts the PID control system based on the successive approximation method to control the heating temperature.
With reference to FIG. 1, a method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products includes the following steps:
1) a battery thermal runaway condition is set through a lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and an electrical heating mode is used to cause, under a set condition, the occurrence of thermal runaway of a battery to be tested.
2) gas and solid products after the thermal runaway of the battery are obtained by collection through the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system.
3) the gas product collected in step 2) is tested.
3-1) during a thermal runaway gas online test, gas generated instantaneously at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery under different parameter conditions is conveyed into an online gas analyzer through a pipeline of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system after steps of fume filtration, water removal, and the like, and instantaneous gas main component data is tested.
3-2) during a thermal runaway gas offline test, the gas generated instantaneously at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery under different parameter conditions is conveyed into a gas collecting bag through the pipeline of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and gas component analysis is performed on the gas after the thermal runaway in the gas collecting bag by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system or an explosion limit test or other offline tests are performed. Either the gas online test of step 3-1) or the gas offline test of step 3-2) is performed according to experimental needs during an experiment.
4) a solid product test is performed on the solid product collected in step 2).
The solid product test includes thermal analysis, dust explosion risk analysis, and tests such as an autoignition point measurement test.
An implementation process of step 1) is specifically as follows: after the lithium ion battery to be tested is charged to a preset capacity through a charging and discharging system, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is established, the lithium ion battery to be tested is placed into an electrical heating device of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and a heating condition is set so as to cause, under the set condition, the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery to be tested.
A dust filter tank, a dewatering pipe, and the like are arranged in the middle of the pipeline of step 2) as a filter system, so that when heating is turned on, at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, smoke generated by the runaway is filtered by the system, and then the gas product is subjected to instantaneous online main component concentration content and change analysis.
The gas and solid collecting and testing system performs gas-solid separation on the smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery through thefilter system: after the smoke passes through a filter screen at a top cover of the collecting system, the gas is discharged from the pipeline, solid sinks and accumulates on a tray in the system, and solid that is not completely filtered out in the gas is filtered by a filter installed in the pipeline so as to prevent solid particles from affecting subsequent gas tests.
Embodiment 1
A SAMSUNG 18650 lithium ion battery with an initial capacity of 0 was adopted, and charged to 100 SOC by a LAND testing system.
With reference to the method for collecting and online and offline testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid products under the parameter conditions as shown in FIG. 1, thermal runaway gas product concentration of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the present embodiment under an air atmosphere was tested. The steps were as follows:
(1) A lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system was adopted to heat the lithium ion battery. The operating method was as follows: before the experiment, the lithium ion battery to be tested was first put into the LAND testing system, charged to 100 SOC, and then put into a battery heating bath of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and a temperature thermocouple of a temperature control system was attached to an outer wall of the battery by using a high-temperature adhesive tape. The temperature control system was adjusted, a heating temperature was set to 300°C, and a heating power was set to 400 W.
(2) The lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system(including the battery) was assembled according to FIG. 2, a gas valve at the bottom of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system was closed, one of gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system was closed, and the other one of the gas valve was opened and connected to a gas inlet of an online gas detector through a gas pipeline via a dust filter tank, a dewatering pipe, and the like.
(3) A heating function of the temperature control system was turned on, the lithium ion battery to be tested was heated according to a set heating mode, and a detection function of the online gas detector was turned on to perform a concentration test on the main gas product released in the whole runaway process.
(4) Data was collected and analyzed to form a data chart, as shown in FIG. 7.
Embodiment 2
A SAMSUNG 18650 lithium ion battery with an initial capacity of 0 was adopted, and charged to 100 SOC by a LAND testing system.
With reference to the method for collecting and online and offline testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid products under the parameter conditions as shown in FIG. 1, after the thermal runaway gas product of the lithium ion battery to be tested in the present embodiment under an air atmosphere was collected, its lower explosion limit was tested, and after the solid product was collected, its thermal stability was tested. The steps were as follows:
(1) A lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system was adopted to heat the lithium ion battery. The operating method was as follows: before the experiment, the lithium ion battery to be tested was first put into the LAND testing system, charged to 100 SOC, and then put into a battery heating bath of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and a temperature thermocouple of a temperature control system was attached to an outer wall of the battery by using a high-temperature adhesive tape. The temperature control system was adjusted, a heating temperature was set to 180°C, and a heating power was set to 400 W.
(2) The lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system(including the battery) was assembled according to FIG. 2, a gas valve at the bottom of the collecting system was closed, one of gas valves above the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system was closed, and the other one of the gas valve was opened and connected to a gas collecting bag through a gas pipeline.
(3) A heating function of the temperature control system was turned on, the lithium ion battery to be tested was heated according to a set heating mode, and a gas valve of the gas collecting bag was opened to collect the main gas product released in the whole runaway process.
(4) The collected gas was tested for its lower explosion limit in air by an explosion limit tester.
(5) The operations in step (1) were repeated, the heating temperature each time was respectively set to 200°C, 220°C, 240°C, 260°C, 280°C, and 300°C, and the operations of steps (2) to (4) were repeated.
(6) Data obtained in each group was collected to form a lower explosion limit data chart, as shown in FIG. 8.
(7) After gas collection of each group of experiments was completed, heating was stopped, the pipeline of each part was disconnected, the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system was disassembled, a solid product on a tray of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system was collected and ground, and solid product powder was subjected to a thermal stability test (using a differential scanning calorimetry in the present embodiment). A thermal runaway solid product thermal stability heat flow curve at 300°C is shown in FIG. 9.
Any discussion of the background art herein is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention only. It should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to was part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country or region as at the priority date of the application.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise " or variations such as "comprises " or "comprising " , will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.
Claims (5)
1. A method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products, comprising the following steps:
1) setting a battery thermal runaway condition through a lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and using an electrical heating mode to cause, under a set condition, the occurrence of thermal runaway of a battery to be tested;
2) collecting to obtain gas and solid products after the thermal runaway of the battery through the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system;
3) testing the gas product collected in step 2);
3-1) during a thermal runaway gas online test, conveying gas generated instantaneously at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery under different parameter conditions into an online gas analyzer through a pipeline of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system after steps of fume filtration and water removal, and testing instantaneous gas main component data; and
3-2) during a thermal runaway gas offline test, conveying the gas generated instantaneously at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery under different parameter conditions into a gas collecting bag through the pipeline of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and performing gas component analysis on the gas after the thermal runaway in the gas collecting bag by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system or performing an explosion limit test or other offline tests; and
4) performing a solid product test on the solid product collected in step 2),
wherein the solid product test comprises thermal analysis, dust explosion risk analysis, and an autoignition point measurement test.
2. The method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products according to claim 1, wherein an implementation process of step 1) is specifically as follows: after the lithium ion battery to be tested is charged to a preset capacity through a charging and discharging system, establishing the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, placing the lithium ion battery to be tested into an electrical heating device of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system, and setting a heating condition so as to cause, under the set condition, the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the battery to be tested;
a dust filter tank and a dewatering pipe are arranged in the middle of the pipeline of step 2) as a filter system, so that when heating is turned on, at the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, smoke generated by the runaway is filtered by the system, and then the gas product is subjected to instantaneous online main component concentration content and change analysis;
the gas and solid collecting and testing system performs gas-solid separation on the smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery through the filter system: after the smoke passes through a filter screen at a top cover of the collecting system, the gas is discharged from the pipeline, solid sinks and accumulates on a tray in the system, and solid that is not completely filtered out in the gas is filtered by a filter installed in the pipeline so as to prevent solid particles from affecting subsequent gas tests.
3. The method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products according to claim 1, wherein the different parameter conditions refer to different atmosphere environments, different heating temperatures, and different heating powers of the lithium ion battery, and different charging capacity states of the lithium ion battery;
the different atmosphere environments refer to gas environments of the lithium ion battery at the time of thermal runaway, comprising atmospheric pressure air, low pressure air, and atmospheric pressure inert gas, so as to simulate different gas environments of the lithium ion battery in an actual use process;
the different heating temperatures refer to environmental temperatures of the lithium ion battery at the occurrence of the thermal runaway, that is, temperatures around the battery, so as to simulate different high-temperature environments of the lithium ion battery in the actual use process; the different heating powers refer to temperature rise rates of the lithium ion battery at the occurrence of the thermal runaway, so as to simulate situations of different temperature rise rates of the lithium ion battery in the actual use process, wherein the higher the heating power, the higher the temperature rise rate; and the different charging capacity states refer to different charge states or capacity states of the lithium ion battery, so as to simulate situations of the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery at different capacities in the actual use process; the online and offline tests are as follows: after smoke generated after the runaway of the lithium ion battery is separated, the gas product directly enters the gas analyzer through the pipeline for a gas concentration online test, or is collected by the gas collecting bag and then fed into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for a gas component analysis offline test, and the solid product is collected by a tray, and sent into an autoignition point tester for an autoignition point test, into a differential scanning calorimeter for a thermal stability test, and into a dust explosion limit tester for the explosion limit test.
4. The method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products according to claim 1, wherein a temperature control module of the electrical heating device adopts a PID control system based on a successive approximation method to perform heating temperature control, and a heating module heating bath containing the battery is adjustable and replaceable according to batteries of different shapes so as to test lithium ion batteries of different shapes within a certain volume range.
5. The method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products according to claim 1, wherein the adopted lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system comprises a collecting device and a temperature control and data acquisition device; the collecting device comprises a top cover, a quartz glass shade, and a base, and the base is disk-shaped; the quartz glass shade is a cylindrical hollow shade body, and the quartz glass shade is clamped outside the base; the top cover is disk-shaped, and the top cover covers an upper part of the quartz glass shade; through holes are formed in the top cover, and a gas valve is installed at an upper end of the through hole and configured to convey gas; the number of the through holes is two, and the gas valves at the upper ends are respectively a first gas valve and a second gas valve; the top cover is further provided with a pressure gauge configured to display a gas pressure in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system, and a throttle valve is further arranged in a pipeline between the pressure gauge and the top cover; the base is provided with a base gas valve and base cable trunking, the base gas valve is configured to conveythe gas, and the base cable trunking is configured to lay electrical heating and temperature data acquisition cables; the base is further provided with a disk-shaped chassis, the chassis is provided with a battery heating bath, the battery heating bath is a hollow annular column, and a battery jar configured to place the battery is arranged in the battery heating bath; an inner wall of the battery heating bath is provided with a thermal insulation layer, and a resistance heating wire is wound on the column in the middle of the battery heating bath; a bottom of the battery heating bath and the chassis are both provided with channels for gas flow and cable trunking; the cable trunking is configured to lay the electrical heating and temperature data acquisition cables; and the battery heating bath is provided with a tray configured to contain the thermal runaway solid product; the adopted lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting and testing system is characterized in that the temperature control and data acquisition device comprises a power supply, a temperature controller, a thermocouple, a thermocouple sensor, and a data acquisition instrument; the temperature controller is connected to the power supply and configured to adjust a heating temperature and a heating power; the power supply is connected to the resistance heating wire arranged on the inner wall of the battery heating bath; the temperature controller adopts a PID control system based on a successive approximation method; the thermocouple sensor is connected to the thermocouple arranged in the battery heating bath through a cable, thereby measuring a battery surface temperature in the lithium ion battery thermal runaway gas and solid product collecting system; and the thermocouple sensor is connected to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument is configured to acquire and automatically record the heating temperature and the heating power and temperature data of the thermocouple sensor in real time for subsequent relevant analysis.
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| AU2020100862A AU2020100862A4 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2020-05-27 | Method For Collecting And Testing Lithium Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Products |
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| CN201811070154.2 | 2018-09-13 | ||
| PCT/CN2019/090044 WO2020052286A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2019-06-05 | Method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products |
| AU2020100862A AU2020100862A4 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2020-05-27 | Method For Collecting And Testing Lithium Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Products |
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| PCT/CN2019/090044 Division WO2020052286A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2019-06-05 | Method for collecting and testing lithium ion battery thermal runaway products |
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