AU2019293146B2 - Fire-resistant cabled yarn and textile - Google Patents

Fire-resistant cabled yarn and textile Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2019293146B2
AU2019293146B2 AU2019293146A AU2019293146A AU2019293146B2 AU 2019293146 B2 AU2019293146 B2 AU 2019293146B2 AU 2019293146 A AU2019293146 A AU 2019293146A AU 2019293146 A AU2019293146 A AU 2019293146A AU 2019293146 B2 AU2019293146 B2 AU 2019293146B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
yarn
fibres
around
aramid
meta
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AU2019293146A
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AU2019293146A1 (en
Inventor
Robert BEADLE
Nigel HULL
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Arville Textiles Ltd
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Arville Textiles Ltd
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D02G3/328—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/047—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials including aramid fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
    • D10B2201/22—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres made from cellulose solutions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2211/00—Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres
    • D10B2211/01—Natural animal fibres, e.g. keratin fibres
    • D10B2211/02—Wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides

Abstract

The present application describes a cabled yarn (200) comprising at least two single plied yarns (100) each comprising meta-aramid fibres, para-aramid fibres, cellulose-based fibres, and wool fibres, twisted around a centrally located yarn (110) comprising a substantially elastic fibre. A fire-resistant textile material comprising the yarn, a garment comprising the material, and a method of manufacturing the yarn and material are also described.

Description

FIRE-RESISTANT CABLED YARN AND TEXTILE
The present invention relates to fire resistant textile materials and to garments manufactured from such materials. In particular, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to articles of fire resistant clothing for use by fire fighters, military personnel and police officers, or the like, and to textiles for manufacturing such clothing.
Clothing for protection against heat and flame must pass minimum performance requirements for flame, radiant heat, heat resistance, tensile and tear strength, and penetration by water and liquid chemicals. The assembled garments, which typically include a pair of trousers/salopettes and a jacket, must protect the wearer from radiant and thermal exposure, and unexpected flashover conditions, whilst still maintaining an adequate level of dexterity and comfort.
As described in WO2015/008030, it is known to reduce second and third degree burns to a wearer by ensuring the barrier of protective clothing located between the heat source and the wearer’s skin remains intact during exposure to heat and flame whilst ensuring an air gap exists between the skin and the heat source. It is also known to provide a single woven layer of fire resistant textile material which utilises the strength characteristics of meta-aramid fibres in a warp yarn and the moisture management properties of wool in a blended wool and cellulose weft yarn for direct contact against a wearer’s skin. However, conventional fire-resistant textile materials are relatively heavy, allow for limited movement, and do not sufficiently and efficiently move moisture in the form of sweat away from the skin which can otherwise result in steam/scald burns.
Furthermore, the demand for fire-resistant garments which are lighter in terms of weight and with improved comfort, breathability and moisture management is ever increasing.
It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a fire-resistant textile material which is lightweight, breathable, strong, durable and comfortable. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a cabled yarn comprising:
at least two single plied yarns each comprising meta-aramid fibres, para-aramid fibres, cellulose-based fibres, and wool fibres, twisted around a centrally located yarn comprising a substantially elastic fibre.
Optionally, the cabled yarn comprises by weight at least 10% of said meta-aramid fibres.
Optionally, the centrally located yarn comprises ethylene and at least one olefin.
Optionally, the centrally located yarn comprises Elastolefin™.
Optionally, the cabled yarn comprises by weight around 23% meta-aramid fibres, around 4% para-aramid fibres, around 33% cellulose-based fibres, around 33% wool fibres, and around 7% Elastolefin™ fibres.
Optionally, the cellulose fibres comprise a fire-retardant viscose fibre.
Optionally, the wool fibres have a thickness of around 15.5pm to around 29.5pm.
Optionally, the meta-aramid fibres comprise Nomex™.
Optionally, the para-aramid fibres comprise Kevlar™.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a fire- resistant textile material comprising a yarn according to the first aspect of the present invention.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a garment comprising a material according to the second aspect of the present invention. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a cabled yarn, comprising:
twisting at least two single plied yarns each comprising meta-aramid fibres, para-aramid fibres, cellulose-based fibres, and wool fibres, around a centrally located yarn comprising a substantially elastic fibre.
Optionally, each single plied yarn comprises by weight at least 10% of said meta- aramid fibres. Optionally, the centrally located yarn comprises ethylene and at least one olefin.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a fire-resistant textile material, comprising:
weaving yarn according to the first aspect of the present invention in both warp and weft directions.
Optionally, the weave is a twill weave.
Description of the Drawings
Certain embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 illustrates a‘cabled’ three-ply yarn according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, a single ply yarn includes a blend of paraphenylene isophthalamide (meta-aramid) fibres, cellulose-based fibres, wool fibres, and polyparaphenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fibres. Aptly, the meta-aramid fibre is Nomex™ and the para-aramid fibre is Kevlar™.
Aptly, the cellulose-based fibre is Lenzing™ FR. As illustrated in Figure 1 , two of these single ply yarns 100 are twisted together with a third yarn of substantially elastic fibre 1 10 to form a‘cabled’ three-ply yarn 200.
The elastic fibre 1 10 is located centrally with the single ply yarns 100 twisted therearound to provide effective cover and protection to the elastic fibre. Aptly, the centrally located elastic fibre yarn 1 10 comprises Elastolefin™ which is
a fibre composed of at least 95% (by weight) of macromolecules partially cross- linked, made of ethylene and at least one other olefin. When stretched by up to 50% of its original length, it recovers rapidly to its original length.
Aptly, the composition (by weight) of the fibre components of the cabled yarn 200 is:
- around 33% Lenzing™ FR;
- around 33% wool;
- around 23% meta-aramid (Nomex™);
- around 7% Elastolefin™ XLA; and
- around 4% para-aramid (Kevlar™).
Aptly, the yarn comprises at least 10% meta-aramid, and may be more subject to the wool/Lenzing™ content by weight being reduced accordingly.
Aptly, the yarn 200 may include around 2% antistatic fibres (e.g. carbon fibres).
Aptly, the Lenzing™ FR fibre has a linear mass density of around 2.2 dtex and comprises a fire-retardant viscose fibre. The Lenzing™ fibres offer moisture management with its efficient moisture wicking and transportation properties when worn next to the skin of a wearer in combination with its quick drying and comfort properties.
The wool fibres have a thickness of between around 15.5-29.5 pm, and aptly around 19.5 pm which has been found to be optimum in terms of efficient and effective transportation of moisture from the skin and across adjacent fibres. The wool fibres are treated to be shrink resistant. The wool fibres are hygroscopic such that they can hold up to a third of their own weight in moisture without feeling wet thereby helping to wick away sweat whilst enhancing comfort. The hygroscopic properties of the wool fibres also help to regulate temperature and humidity, creating a buffer area (i.e. holds moisture without feeling wet), enhancing comfort. Furthermore, the chemical building blocks of wool, i.e. amino acids, are hydrophilic (water-liking) such that they attract and absorb water molecules into the chemical structure of the fibre. Water binds within the wool structure through the action of hydrogen bonds in a process known as absorption. Wool is inherently antimicrobial and antistatic which enhances comfort and protection. Wool has a helical configuration in the centre of the fibre which acts like a shock absorbing spring under compression which further enhances comfort for a wearer. Normex™ yarn is typically available in three types based on the linear mass density (2.2 dtex, 1 .7dtex and 1 .4dtex). Aptly, a 1.4dtex Nomex™ yarn is used as it offers desirable comfort and flexibility in view of its fineness.
The XLA fibres have a linear mass density of around 1 17 dtex. XLA is particularly fire-resistant, robust and accommodates high levels of activity and movement to provide enhanced comfort for many different applications.
Kevlar™ is a preferred para-aramid fibre in view of its high strength, chemical resistance, excellent durability and thermal stability. The para-aramid fibre is around 1 .7 dtex / 50 mm staple length as it is aptly a spun yarn.
The cabled three-ply yarn 200 is aptly used to provide a textile according to certain embodiments of the present invention which may be used for a fire-resistant garment, e.g. a fire fighter’s jacket. The weave is aptly a 2x2 twill weave but other suitable weave patterns may be used such as a plain weave, 2x1 , 3x1 , 4x1 or 2x2 twill weaves, ripstop or hopsack weaves, satin, or sateen weaves, or the like. A 2x2 twill weave is desirable because it allows movement when shrinking down the fabric for stretch due to float size. A twill weave also desirably provides a tighter, denser construction which enhances the dimensional stability and increases durability after multiple washing. The cabled three-ply yarn 200 is in both warp and weft directions to desirably provide stretch in all four directions (horizontally, vertically, and diagonally) thereby providing optimal comfort to a wearer of a garment made from the textile. The textile is scoured, heat sett and pressed to provide a smooth and comfortable garment. Such a garment may include trousers, salopettes, jackets, overalls, T- shirts, facemasks, falsehoods, or the like. Applications for such a garment may include tackling wild land fires, electric arc protection, petrochemical applications, search & rescue, forestry, police violent situation/riot protection, military, or the like.
In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, the final yarn may comprise more than three plies, e.g. four or more plied yarns twisted around a centrally located and substantially elastic yarn. For example, the final yarn may include antistatic fibres. A multi-ply yarn is often known as a cabled or hammer yarn.
A key technical advantage of utilising these yarns in personal protective equipment (PPE) applications, particularly fire-resistant garments, is to provide a stretch material to maximise comfort whilst maintaining strength and integrity and offering sufficient protection against flame and heat. The aramid fibres offer strength and robustness to withstand wear during use and to hold the material together during flaming/extreme heat exposure, whilst the XLA fibres provide desirable stretch. The ‘maypole’ construction of the cabled yarn desirably protects the centrally located XLA yarn against flame, heat, UV, or the like.

Claims (16)

Claims
1 . A cabled yarn comprising:
at least two single plied yarns each comprising meta-aramid fibres, para- aramid fibres, cellulose-based fibres, and wool fibres, twisted around a centrally located yarn comprising a substantially elastic fibre.
2. The yarn according to claim 1 , comprising by weight at least 10% of said meta- aramid fibres.
3. The yarn according to any preceding claim, wherein the centrally located yarn comprises ethylene and at least one olefin.
4. The yarn according to claim 3, wherein the centrally located yarn comprises Elastolefin™.
5. The yarn according to claim 4, comprising by weight around 23% meta-aramid fibres, around 4% para-aramid fibres, around 33% cellulose-based fibres, around 33% wool fibres, and around 7% Elastolefin™ fibres.
6. The yarn according to any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose fibres
comprise a fire-retardant viscose fibre.
7. The yarn according to any preceding claim, wherein the wool fibres have a thickness of around 15.5pm to around 29.5pm.
8. The yarn according to any preceding claim, wherein the meta-aramid fibres comprise Nomex™.
9. The yarn according to any preceding claim, wherein the para-aramid fibres comprise Kevlar™.
10. A fire-resistant textile material comprising a yarn according to any preceding claim.
1 1 . A garment comprising a material according to claim 10.
12. A method of manufacturing a cabled yarn, comprising:
twisting at least two single plied yarns each comprising meta-aramid fibres, para-aramid fibres, cellulose-based fibres, and wool fibres, around a centrally located yarn comprising a substantially elastic fibre.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein each single plied yarn comprises by weight at least 10% of said meta-aramid fibres.
14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the centrally located yarn comprises ethylene and at least one olefin.
15. A method of manufacturing a fire-resistant textile material, comprising:
weaving yarn according to any of claims 1 to 9 in both warp and weft directions.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the weave is a twill weave.
AU2019293146A 2018-06-29 2019-06-14 Fire-resistant cabled yarn and textile Active AU2019293146B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1810691.4 2018-06-29
GB201810691A GB2575094A (en) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Fire-resistant textile
PCT/GB2019/051651 WO2020002873A1 (en) 2018-06-29 2019-06-14 Fire-resistant cabled yarn and textile

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AU2019293146A1 AU2019293146A1 (en) 2021-01-28
AU2019293146B2 true AU2019293146B2 (en) 2023-06-08

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EP (1) EP3814563A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2019293146B2 (en)
GB (1) GB2575094A (en)
WO (1) WO2020002873A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR112023024245A2 (en) * 2021-05-21 2024-01-30 Southern Mills Inc FLAME-RESISTANT FABRICS MADE WITH STRETCH YARN

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008097356A2 (en) * 2006-09-08 2008-08-14 Southern Mills, Inc. Methods and systems for providing dyed, stretchable flame resistant fabrics and garments
JP2014208930A (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-11-06 日本毛織株式会社 Flame retardant stretchable fabric and clothing using the same
WO2016010659A1 (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-01-21 Drifire, Llc Lightweight, dual hazard fabrics

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5694981A (en) * 1996-08-26 1997-12-09 Southern Mills, Inc. Stretchable flame resistant garment
AU2013293487B2 (en) * 2012-07-27 2017-09-07 Drifire, Llc Fiber blends for wash durable thermal and comfort properties
WO2015008030A1 (en) 2013-07-19 2015-01-22 A.W. Hainsworth & Sons Limited Fire resistant textile material

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008097356A2 (en) * 2006-09-08 2008-08-14 Southern Mills, Inc. Methods and systems for providing dyed, stretchable flame resistant fabrics and garments
JP2014208930A (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-11-06 日本毛織株式会社 Flame retardant stretchable fabric and clothing using the same
WO2016010659A1 (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-01-21 Drifire, Llc Lightweight, dual hazard fabrics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2019293146A1 (en) 2021-01-28
GB2575094A (en) 2020-01-01
EP3814563A1 (en) 2021-05-05
GB201810691D0 (en) 2018-08-15
WO2020002873A1 (en) 2020-01-02

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